Vertical shaft excavation system and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to a vertical shaft excavation system and a construction method, and the vertical shaft excavation system comprises a ground drilling machine system which comprises a lifting driving device, a rotation driving device and a drilling rod device; the underground main machine system comprises a rear matching platform, a reversing frame, an excavation device and a deslagging device, and the rear matching device is arranged on the rear matching platform; the drill rod device can be fixedly connected with the reversing frame; the excavation device is hinged to the reversing frame and can swing in the radial direction of the reversing frame. A ground derrick suspension system can be weakened, disassembly is safe and convenient, one machine can be used for multiple purposes to cover multiple stratums and vertical shafts with different diameters, and the problems that existing vertical shaft engineering equipment is complex, the installation period is long, and the expansion applicability is poor are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of shaft excavation, and in particular to a shaft excavation system and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] At present, large-diameter and deep shaft projects such as mines are still mainly constructed using the traditional drilling and blasting method. In recent years, construction equipment and methods such as full-section shaft boring machines have gradually emerged. However, full-section shaft boring machines have problems such as complex overall system, high requirements for ground equipment suspension, long disassembly and assembly cycle, high cost, etc. The equipment reuse rate is low, and the later transformation is difficult and requires large investment. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaft excavation system and construction method, which can weaken the ground derrick suspension system, make disassembly safe and convenient, and can use one machine for multiple purposes to cover various strata and shafts of different diameters, effectively solving the problems of complex equipment, long installation cycle, and poor expansion and applicability of existing shaft engineering projects.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a shaft excavation system, comprising:

[0006] The ground drilling system includes a lifting drive device, a rotating drive device and a drill rod device, wherein the drill rod device includes a plurality of drill rods that are spliced ​​section by section along the axial direction thereof; the lifting drive device can drive the rotating drive device to lift up and down, and the rotating drive device can drive the drill rod device to rotate;

[0007] The underground main engine system includes a rear supporting platform, a rotary frame, an excavation device and a slag discharge device. The rear supporting device is arranged on the rear supporting platform; the drill rod device can pass through the rear supporting platform and be fixedly connected to the rotary frame, the excavation device is hinged to the rotary frame and can swing along the radial direction of the rotary frame, and the slag discharge device is used to realize slag discharge.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ground drilling system further comprises a drill clamping device for clamping the corresponding drill rod when connecting the drill rod or disassembling the drill rod.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom drill rod connected to the rotary frame in the drill rod device is a hollow structure, and a sliding drive member and a supporting slide column arranged up and down are provided in the bottom drill rod. The sliding drive member is connected to the supporting slide column and can drive the supporting slide column to move up and down, so that the supporting slide column extends out of the rotary frame and is used to support the excavation surface, or the supporting slide column is retracted into the rotary frame.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a conical seat is connected to the bottom end of the supporting slide column, and the outer diameter of the conical seat gradually increases from top to bottom.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the excavation device includes a rotatable excavation head.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the excavation device also includes a fixed box and a sliding box that are slidably connected to each other, the upper end of the fixed box is hinged to the rotating frame, and a telescopic driving member is provided between the fixed box and the sliding box for driving the sliding box to slide relative to the fixed box, and the excavation head is rotatably connected to the sliding box.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the excavation device also includes a box structure and a head rotation drive member. The excavation head is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the box structure. The head rotation drive member is arranged in the box structure and can drive the excavation head to rotate. The excavation head is a cutting head, a wheel cutter disc or a breaker hammer. An excavation swing arm device is also provided at the bottom of the rotating frame. The upper end of the excavation swing arm device is hinged to the rotating frame, and the lower end of the excavation swing arm device is hinged to the box structure.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vertical shaft excavation system also includes a ground derrick system, which includes a derrick, at least one first hoist, and at least one first wheel, and the first wheel is arranged on the derrick; the slag discharge device is a bucket device or a scraper, the upper end of the slag discharge device is hinged to the bottom of the rotating frame, and the slag discharge device can swing along the radial direction of the rotating frame; the first suspension rope wound on the first hoist passes around the corresponding first wheel and is connected to a bucket, and the slag discharge device can cooperate with the bucket to realize slag discharge.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a shoe holding device is further provided between the rear supporting platform and the rotating frame, and the shoe holding device is rotatably connected to the rotating frame.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shoe support device includes an annular shoe support frame and a plurality of shoe support structures circumferentially spaced apart on the shoe support frame, the shoe support structure can move radially along the rotating frame and can be used to support tightly against the well wall; the bottom of the rear matching platform is connected to the top of the shoe support frame, and the shoe support frame is connected to the rotating frame through a rotating bearing.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rear supporting device includes an anchor drilling rig and a shotcrete support device.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shaft excavation system also includes a ground derrick system, which includes a derrick, at least one second hoist, and at least one second wheel, wherein the second wheel is arranged on the derrick; the second suspension rope wound on the second hoist passes around the corresponding second wheel and is connected to a casting template.

[0019] The present invention also provides a shaft excavation construction method, which uses the shaft excavation system to perform construction. The shaft excavation construction method includes:

[0020] S1. Use the lifting drive device to drive the rotary drive device to descend, so as to drive the downhole main engine system to descend through the drill rod device, so that the excavation device is inserted into the excavation surface at a preset depth;

[0021] S2. Perform excavation operation using an excavation device;

[0022] S3, using a slag discharge device to clean up the rock slag;

[0023] S4. If the travel of a drill rod section is exhausted, the lifting drive device drives the rotary drive device to rise, connects a drill rod section above the current top drill rod, and then connects the connected drill rod to the rotary drive device;

[0024] S5, repeating steps S1-S4 until the excavation reaches a preset excavation depth;

[0025] S6, using the lifting drive device to drive the rotary drive device to rise so as to drive the drill rod device to move upward;

[0026] S7, removing the drill pipe section at the top;

[0027] S8. Repeat steps S6 and S7 until the downhole host system is removed from the well.

[0028] As described above, the shaft excavation system and construction method of the present invention integrate the construction techniques and technologies of the drill rod connection drilling rig and the cantilever tunneling machine, and have a simple structure and high integration. The cantilever downhole main engine system and the ground drilling rig system are connected and suspended by the drill rod, and the drill rod is connected for drilling, and the downhole main engine system is lifted by removing the drill rod. The downhole main engine system does not need to be designed for a large circular rotation, and its large circular rotation power is transmitted by the ground drilling rig system to drive the drill rod device. The rear supporting devices required for the downhole main engine system are all integrated on the rear supporting platform of the downhole main engine system, which effectively weakens the bearing capacity of the ground derrick and does not require a high cost to redesign the derrick. Since the cantilever excavation device is used for excavation, the excavation diameter is not fixed and can be used for the construction of vertical shafts of different diameters. In addition, the ground drilling rig system can be restored to the original function of the drilling rig in the later stage, which greatly expands the application range of the drilling rig. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0030] in:

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of the shaft excavation system provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a ground drilling rig system provided by the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the downhole host system provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of an excavation device when the excavation head provided by the present invention adopts a wheel-type cutter disc.

[0035] Figure 5 A schematic top view of the shoe support device provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 Another schematic top view of the shoe support device provided by the present invention.

[0037] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0038] 1. Ground derrick system; 11. Derrick; 12. First hoist; 13. First sheave; 14. Second hoist; 15. Second sheave; 16. Bucket; 17. Casting template;

[0039] 2. Ground drilling system; 21. Lifting drive device; 22. Rotation drive device; 23. Drill rod device; 231. Bottom drill rod; 24. Support slide column; 241. Conical seat;

[0040] 3. Rear supporting platform; 31. Rear supporting device; 311. Anchor drilling rig; 312. Shotcrete support device; 313. Underground electrical control components;

[0041] 4. Shoe support device; 41. Shoe support frame; 42. Shoe support structure; 43. Slewing bearing;

[0042] 5. Rotating frame;

[0043] 6. Excavation device; 61. Excavation head; 62. Box structure; 621. Fixed box; 622. Sliding box; 623. Telescopic drive member; 63. Head rotation drive member;

[0044] 7. Excavation swing arm device;

[0045] 8. Slag discharge device; 81. Bucket arm; 82. Bucket; 83. Swing cylinder;

[0046] 9. Slag discharging swing arm device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present application provides a shaft excavation system, comprising:

[0049] The ground drilling system 2 includes a lifting drive device 21, a rotating drive device 22 and a drill rod device 23. The drill rod device 23 includes a plurality of drill rods that are spliced ​​section by section along the axial direction thereof. The lifting drive device 21 is connected to the rotating drive device 22 and can drive the rotating drive device 22 to move up and down. The rotating drive device 22 is connected to the upper end of the drill rod device 23 and can drive the drill rod device 23 to rotate.

[0050] The underground main engine system includes a rear supporting platform 3, a rotating frame 5, an excavation device 6 and a slag discharge device 8. A rear supporting device 31 is provided on the rear supporting platform 3; the drill rod device 23 can pass through the rear supporting platform 3 and is fixedly connected to the rotating frame 5 to drive the rotating frame 5 to rotate; the excavation device 6 is hinged to the rotating frame 5 and can swing along the radial direction of the rotating frame 5, and the slag discharge device 8 is used to realize slag discharge.

[0051] After the system is assembled, when excavation is carried out, the lifting drive device 21 drives the rotary drive device 22 to descend, so as to drive the entire underground main engine system to descend through the drill rod device 23, so that the bottom end of the excavation device 6 (that is, the excavation head 61 described below) is inserted into the excavation surface at a certain depth, and the excavation device 6 can swing along the radial direction of the rotary frame 5. The excavation device 6 can also rotate with the rotary frame 5 driven by the drill rod device 23 to fully excavate the excavation surface. During the excavation process, the slag discharge device 8 is used to clean the slag rock. After the slag is cleaned, the lifting drive device 21 drives the drill rod device 23 to be lowered to a certain depth for the next cycle of excavation. When the travel of a section of the drill rod is used up, the drill rod is connected on the ground to extend in the depth direction. When the preset excavation depth is reached, the disassembly operation begins, and the lifting drive device 21 drives the rotary drive device 22 to drive the drill rod device 23 to move up, remove the top section of the drill rod, and repeat it continuously. By continuously disassembling the drill rod on the ground, the underground main engine system can be completed out of the well as a whole.

[0052] Therefore, the shaft excavation system in the present application integrates the construction process and technology of the drill rod connection drilling rig and the cantilever tunneling machine, with a simple structure and high integration. The cantilever downhole main engine system and the ground drilling rig system 2 are connected and suspended by the drill rod, the drill rod is connected for drilling, and the downhole main engine system is lifted by removing the drill rod. The downhole main engine system does not need to be designed with a large circular rotation, and its large circular rotation power is transmitted by the ground drilling rig system 2 to drive the drill rod device 23. The rear supporting devices 31 required for the downhole main engine system are all integrated on the rear supporting platform 3 of the downhole main engine system, which effectively weakens the bearing capacity of the ground derrick 11, and there is no need to invest a high cost to redesign the derrick 11. Since the cantilever excavation device 6 is used for excavation, the excavation diameter is not fixed and can be used for the construction of vertical shafts of different diameters. And the ground drilling rig system 2 can also be restored to the original function of the drilling rig in the later stage, which greatly expands the application range of the drilling rig.

[0053] In a specific embodiment, the ground drilling system 2 further includes a drill clamping device for clamping the corresponding drill rod when connecting the drill rod or disassembling the drill rod.

[0054] The drill clamping device is arranged close to the drill rod device 23. The drill clamping device has a clamping claw that can be opened and closed, and can clamp the corresponding drill rod when connecting or disassembling the drill rod. The specific structure of the drill clamping device can adopt any existing method.

[0055] Since the drill rod device 23 itself has a certain axial tensile strength, the drill rod device 23 can bear the weight of the downhole host system when driving the downhole host system to rise and fall. When connecting or disassembling the drill rod, the downhole host system is in a suspended state, and the corresponding drill rod is clamped by the drill clamping device to bear the weight of the downhole host system.

[0056] As a preference, refer to Figure 3 The bottom drill rod 231 connected to the rotary frame 5 in the drill rod device 23 is a hollow structure. A sliding drive member and a support slide column 24 arranged up and down are provided in the bottom drill rod 231. The sliding drive member is connected to the support slide column 24 and can drive the support slide column 24 to move up and down, so that the support slide column 24 extends out of the rotary frame 5 and is used to support the excavation surface, or the support slide column 24 is retracted into the rotary frame 5.

[0057] The sliding drive member can be, for example, an outrigger oil cylinder, the cylinder body of which is fixedly connected to the bottom drill rod 231, and the piston end of which is fixedly connected to the top of the support slide column 24. During the entire excavation process in which the lifting drive device 21 drives the drill rod device 23 to lift the excavation device 6 up and down and the excavation device 6, the support slide column 24 is completely retracted in the slewing frame 5 and does not extend out. The slewing frame 5 should have a storage space for the support slide column 24 to hide the support slide column 24.

[0058] When the travel of a drill rod section is used up and a drill rod needs to be connected on the ground, the sliding drive member drives the support slide column 24 to move downward and extend out of the rotary frame 5 and support on the excavation surface. At this time, the excavation device 6 is spaced apart from the excavation surface, and the clamping claws of the drill clamping device clamp the drill rod at the current top in the drill rod device 23. The rotary drive device 22 is disengaged from the drill rod at the current top, and the lifting drive device 21 drives the rotary drive device 22 to rise. At this time, a drill rod section can be connected above the drill rod at the current top, and the connected drill rod is connected to the rotary drive device 22. In the process of connecting the drill rod, the support slide column 24 is supported on the excavation surface, which can play a role in supporting the weight of the downhole main engine system to reduce the force on the drill rod. Whether to set the support slide column 24 can be determined according to the capacity of the ground drilling rig system 2 and the actual situation.

[0059] Generally, a conical seat 241 is connected to the bottom end of the support sliding column 24 , and the outer diameter of the conical seat 241 gradually increases from top to bottom to increase the contact area between the support sliding column 24 and the excavation surface.

[0060] In this embodiment, the excavation device 6 includes a rotatable excavation head 61. The excavation head 61 can rotate during excavation; since the upper end of the excavation device 6 is hinged to the bottom of the rotating frame 5, the excavation device 6 can swing along the radial direction of the rotating frame 5; and the excavation device 6 can also rotate with the rotating frame 5, so that the excavation can be more flexible and comprehensive.

[0061] A shoe holding device 4 is also provided between the rear supporting platform 3 and the rotating frame 5 , and the shoe holding device 4 is rotatably connected to the rotating frame 5 .

[0062] The rear supporting platform 3 is connected to the top of the shoe device 4, and the lower end of the drill rod device 23 passes through the rear supporting platform 3 and the shoe device 4 in sequence and is fixed to the top of the rotary frame 5. When excavating, after the excavation head 61 is inserted into the excavation surface to a certain depth, the shoe structures 42 of the shoe device 4 extend radially and hold the well wall tightly, and then the excavation device 6 starts excavation. When the excavation surface is completely excavated and the slag is cleared, the shoe structure 42 is retracted. The downhole main engine system has a shoe device 4, which is rotatably connected to the rotary frame 5. When the cantilever excavation device 6 performs a circular rotation, the shoe device 4 always holds the well wall tightly, effectively stabilizing the equipment posture.

[0063] Further, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The excavation device 6 also includes a fixed box 621 and a sliding box 622 that are slidably connected to each other. The upper end of the fixed box 621 is hinged to the rotating frame 5. A telescopic driving member 623 is provided between the fixed box 621 and the sliding box 622, which is used to drive the sliding box 622 to slide relative to the fixed box 621. The excavation head 61 is rotatably connected to the sliding box 622.

[0064] The fixed box 621 can be sleeved on the outside of the sliding box 622, or the sliding box 622 can be sleeved on the outside of the fixed box 621. The telescopic drive member 623 can be a telescopic oil cylinder, and the cylinder body and piston end of the telescopic oil cylinder are respectively connected to the fixed box 621 and the sliding box 622. When the shoe structures 42 of the shoe device 4 extend to hold the well wall tightly, and the excavation device 6 completes all excavation of the excavation surface, the telescopic drive member 623 can be used to drive the sliding box 622 to slide outward, so that the excavation head 61 of the excavation device 6 is inserted into the excavation surface to a certain depth to continue excavation. After the excavation is completed again, the lifting drive device 21 is used to drive the drill rod device 23 to be lowered to a certain depth to carry out the next cycle of excavation.

[0065] The entire excavation device 6 adopts a telescopic structure. After the support shoe structure 42 is tightened once, the excavation distance in the depth direction can be increased through the telescopic driving structure, thereby reducing the number of frequent step changes of the support shoe structure 42.

[0066] Further, see Figure 3 The excavation device 6 also includes a box structure 62 and a head rotation driving member 63. The excavation head 61 is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the box structure 62. The head rotation driving member 63 is arranged in the box structure 62 and can drive the excavation head 61 to rotate. An excavation swing arm device 7 is also provided at the bottom of the rotary frame 5. The upper end of the excavation swing arm device 7 is hinged to the rotary frame 5, and the lower end of the excavation swing arm device 7 is hinged to the box structure 62 to drive the excavation device 6 to swing along the radial direction of the rotary frame 5.

[0067] Generally, the excavation device 6 is located at one side of the bottom of the rotary frame 5, and the upper end of the excavation swing arm device 7 is hinged to the position of the rotary frame 5 near the center of the rotary frame 5, but it should be noted that it should be avoided from the above-mentioned support slide column 24 to avoid interference. The hinge axis of the hinge position between the upper end of the excavation device 6 and the rotary frame 5 is horizontally arranged and parallel to the corresponding diameter direction of the rotary frame 5. The length direction of the box structure 62 is parallel to the axis direction of the entire excavation device 6. The box structure 62 can be composed of the above-mentioned fixed box 621 and sliding box 622. The excavation swing arm device 7 can use a swing arm cylinder, and the two ends of the swing arm cylinder are respectively connected to the bottom of the rotary frame 5 and the fixed box 621, so as to use the telescopic movement of the cylinder to drive the excavation device 6 to swing along the radial direction of the rotary frame 5. The head rotation drive member 63 can use a motor, for example, to drive the excavation head 61 to rotate.

[0068] In this embodiment, the excavation head 61 can be a cutting head, a wheel cutter head or a breaker hammer.

[0069] Reference Figure 3 The cutting head includes a ball head body, and a plurality of cutting heads are arranged on the ball head structure. The cutting head itself can rotate around the length direction of the box structure 62 under the drive of the head rotating driving member 63. Figure 4 The wheel cutterhead includes a cutterhead body, and a plurality of cutter heads are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the cutterhead body. The cutterhead body is installed on the bottom side of the box structure 62, and the axis direction of the cutterhead body is perpendicular to the length direction of the box structure 62. Generally, the cutting head is more suitable for softer rock formations, and the wheel cutterhead is more suitable for harder rock formations. The specific excavation head 61 can also adopt other types of rock breaking mechanisms according to actual needs, and this embodiment is only for example.

[0070] Further, in order to facilitate slag discharge, in one embodiment, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 3The shaft excavation system also includes a ground derrick system 1, which includes a derrick 11, at least one first hoist 12, and at least one first wheel 13, wherein the first wheel 13 is arranged on the derrick 11; the slag discharge device 8 is a bucket device or a scraper, the upper end of the slag discharge device 8 is hinged to the bottom of the rotating frame 5, and the slag discharge device 8 can swing along the radial direction of the rotating frame 5; the first suspension rope wound on the first hoist 12 passes around the corresponding first wheel 13 and is connected to a bucket 16, and the slag discharge device 8 can cooperate with the bucket 16 to realize slag discharge.

[0071] The number of the first hoist 12 and the first sheave 13 is the same, and it is determined according to the specific needs. For example, in the present embodiment, there are two first hoists 12 and two first sheaves 13, and the first hoist 12 can be a winch, for example. A slag discharge swing arm device 9, such as a swing arm oil cylinder, is also provided at the bottom of the rotary frame 5. The two ends of the slag discharge swing arm device 9 are respectively hinged with the bottom of the rotary frame 5 and the slag discharge device 8 to drive the slag discharge device 8 to swing along the radial direction of the rotary frame 5. The excavation device 6 and the slag discharge device 8 are respectively located on both sides of the bottom of the rotary frame 5. The upper end of the slag discharge swing arm device 9 is hinged with the position of the rotary frame 5 close to the center of the rotary frame 5, and it is also necessary to avoid the above-mentioned support slide column 24; the hinge axis of the hinge position of the upper end of the slag discharge device 8 and the rotary frame 5 is parallel to the hinge axis of the hinge position of the upper end of the excavation device 6 and the rotary frame 5.

[0072] Reference Figure 3 When the slag discharge device 8 is a bucket device, the bucket device includes a bucket arm 81 and a bucket 82. The upper and lower ends of the bucket arm 81 are respectively hinged to the rotary frame 5 and the bucket 82. The lower end of the slag discharge swing arm device 9 is hinged to the bucket arm 81. The bucket arm 81 and the bucket 82 can be connected by a swing cylinder 83 to drive the bucket 82 to swing relative to the bucket arm 81. When discharging slag, the bucket 16 is lowered to the bottom of the well through the first hoist 12. The bucket 82 can swing relative to the bucket arm 81, the bucket arm 81 can swing along the radial direction of the rotary frame 5, and the bucket device can rotate with the rotary frame 5 driven by the drill rod device 23. The slag on the entire excavation surface can be cleaned, and the slag collected by the bucket device is poured into the bucket 16, and then the bucket 16 is used to discharge the slag from the well.

[0073] In another embodiment, the slag discharge device 8 is a mud pump, which is arranged on one side of the excavation device 6. In this embodiment, a certain amount of mud should be added to the excavation surface in advance to submerge the excavation head 61, and the slag discharge is achieved by pumping with a mud pump.

[0074] When the well depth is shallow, the mud pump can be directly connected to the ground through the corresponding pipeline and pumped directly to the ground.

[0075] When the well depth of the project design is deeper, a mud separation device can be provided on the rear supporting platform 3. The mud pump is connected to the preset mud injected on the excavation surface through the first mud pipe, and is connected to the mud separation device through the second mud pipe. The mud separation device is connected to the preset mud injected on the excavation surface through the first separation pipe to return the separated mud to the bottom of the well to form a cycle; the mud separation device is also connected to the corresponding bucket 16 through the second separation pipe to transport the separated slag into the bucket 16, and the bucket 16 is used to carry out the well. Alternatively, a mud separation device can also be provided on the ground, and multiple support platforms are provided on the well wall from bottom to top at intervals. A relay water tank and a pumping device are provided on the support platform. The mud pump pumps the mud on the excavation surface into the relay water tank at the bottom through the corresponding pipeline, and then each pumping device sequentially pumps it to the corresponding relay water tank, and finally pumps it into the mud-water separation device to complete the pumping of the rock slag out of the well.

[0076] In another embodiment, the slag discharge device 8 is a vacuum pump, which is arranged on one side of the excavation device 6. One end of the vacuum pump is connected to the area on the excavation surface through a first pumping pipeline, and the other end is connected to the corresponding bucket 16 through a second pumping pipeline. The vacuum pump transfers the rock slag on the excavation surface to the bucket 16, and the bucket 16 is used to discharge the slag out of the well.

[0077] Of course, the above-mentioned slag discharge device 8 can also adopt other slag discharge equipment such as a grab bucket. The specific slag discharge device 8 can be determined according to needs. This embodiment is only an example.

[0078] Further, see Figure 5 and Figure 6 The shoe support device 4 includes an annular shoe support frame 41 and a plurality of shoe support structures 42 circumferentially spaced apart on the shoe support frame 41. The shoe support structure 42 can move radially along the rotating frame 5 and can be used to support it tightly against the well wall. The bottom of the rear supporting platform 3 is connected to the top of the shoe support frame 41, and the shoe support frame 41 is connected to the rotating frame 5 through a rotating bearing 43.

[0079] A plurality of shoe support structures 42 are evenly spaced around the outer periphery of the shoe support frame 41, and the drill rod device 23 can pass through the inner ring hole of the shoe support frame 41 and be connected to the rotary frame 5. Each shoe support structure 42 includes an outer box, an inner box, a shoe support cylinder and a shoe plate. The length direction of the outer box is arranged along the radial direction of the rotary frame 5. The outer box is fixedly connected to the shoe support frame 41, and the shoe plate is located on the outer side of the outer box. The inner box can be slidably inserted into the outer box and fixedly connected to the shoe plate. The shoe support cylinder is arranged in the outer box and its two ends are respectively fixedly connected to the outer box and the shoe plate. The number of the outer box, the inner box, the shoe support cylinder and the shoe plate is the same. The shoe support cylinder can drive the inner box and the shoe plate to move radially together, and make the shoe plate tight against the well wall.

[0080] By adjusting the settings of the shoe structures 42 and the extension of the slag discharging swing arm device 9, the excavation of a circular section (such as Figure 5 As shown), it can also complete the excavation of rectangular sections (as shown Figure 6 shown).

[0081] The rotation of the drill rod device 23 can drive the rotary frame 5 and the structural parts installed on the rotary frame 5 to rotate as a whole. Due to the existence of the rotary bearing 43, the rotation of the gripper device 4 and the rotary frame 5 can be isolated. When the rotary frame 5 rotates in a circle, the gripper structures 42 of the gripper device 4 hold the well wall tightly without being affected. The interval between two adjacent gripper structures 42 constitutes a running channel, which can allow the bucket 16 to pass through.

[0082] Furthermore, regarding the support of the well wall, the present embodiment mainly adopts the following two methods:

[0083] The first method: the rear supporting device 31 includes an anchor drill 311 and a shotcrete support device 312. The anchor drill 311 is used to drive anchors into the well wall, and the shotcrete support device 312 is used to spray concrete. In this method, the operator needs to be lowered to the rear supporting platform 3 through the bucket 16 to operate the anchor drill 311 and the shotcrete support device 312. First, the anchor drill 311 is used to drive anchors into the well wall, and then the mesh is manually hung on the well wall, and then the shotcrete support device 312 is used to spray concrete to complete the anchor mesh spray support of the well wall. According to needs, the anchor drill 311 can also be rotated along the circumference of the rear supporting platform 3 and moved up and down relative to the rear supporting platform 3 to facilitate operation. In this method, the rotation and lifting of the specific anchor drill 311 can be achieved in any existing method, and this application does not limit this.

[0084] The second method: the shaft excavation system also includes a ground derrick system 1, which includes a derrick 11, at least one second hoist 14, and at least one second wheel 15. The second wheel 15 is arranged on the derrick 11; the second suspension rope wound on the second hoist 14 passes around the corresponding second wheel 15 and is connected to a casting template 17. This method is mainly suitable for the working condition where the shaft support design requires the use of a concrete shaft wall. Here, the number of the second hoist 14 and the second wheel 15 is the same. The second hoist 14 can use a winch, and the casting template 17 is suspended by the corresponding hoist and suspension rope (wire rope), and is lowered in time with the excavation depth. In this method, it is also necessary to lower the operator to the rear supporting platform 3 through the bucket 16, and the operator performs corresponding operations on the casting template 17 to complete the concrete pouring of the shaft wall.

[0085] The specific well wall support method can be selected according to needs, and other support methods can also be used. This embodiment is only for illustration.

[0086] In practical applications, the derrick 11 can be used Figure 1 The frame structure shown in the figure is shown in the figure, and each hoist is set on the ground. Alternatively, the derrick 11 can also take the form of a gantry crane, and each hoist and the sheave are integrated on the gantry crane. The above-mentioned ground drilling rig system 2 has a rotation function and an up and down lifting function. The output end of the rotary drive device 22 is connected to the drill rod and outputs a rotary power; the lifting drive device 21 drives the drill rod up and down. The lifting drive device 21 can be implemented by a telescopic cylinder. Corresponding ground electrical components will also be provided on the ground to control the actions of each hoist, the rotary drive device 22 and the lifting drive device 21.

[0087] The above-mentioned rear supporting platform 3 is connected to the shoe support device 4 as a whole. The rear supporting device 31 is arranged on the rear supporting platform 3. The rear supporting device 31 includes underground electrical control components 313, hydraulic system components and fluid components. The above-mentioned anchor drilling machine 311 and shotcrete support device 312 are selected. The underground electrical control components 313 are used to control the corresponding actions of the above-mentioned excavation device 6, excavation swing arm device 7, shoe support device 4, sliding drive, slag discharge device 8, slag discharge swing arm device 9, anchor drilling machine 311 and shotcrete support device 312, and are specifically used to control the actions of the above-mentioned telescopic drive 623, head rotation drive 63, excavation swing arm device 7, shoe support cylinder, sliding drive, swing cylinder 83, slag discharge swing arm device 9, anchor drilling machine 311 and shotcrete support device 312. The hydraulic system components are used to provide hydraulic oil to the above-mentioned cylinders, and the fluid components are used to provide lubricating grease and pump station coolant.

[0088] The entire system integrates all the supporting devices such as electricity, liquid (such as hydraulic oil), flow (i.e. fluid, such as lubricating grease, pump station coolant, etc.) required by the underground main engine system (the supporting equipment corresponding to electricity, liquid and flow are also the above-mentioned underground electrical control components 313, hydraulic system components and fluid components) and the anchor drilling rig 311, shotcrete and other devices selected according to project needs in the upper part of the main engine, weakening the bearing capacity of the ground derrick 11, and there is no need to invest high costs to redesign the derrick 11. The ground derrick 11 is only used for the suspension of the casting template 17, the lifting and lowering of the bucket 16, etc.

[0089] In summary, the shaft excavation system in this embodiment is a combined profiling excavation system. As the excavation depth increases, the continuation in the depth direction is completed by connecting the drill rod on the ground; when the excavation is completed, each support shoe structure 42 is retracted, and the excavation device 6 and the rear supporting platform 3 provided with the rear supporting device 31 are continuously disassembled on the ground to complete the overall exit of the underground main system. Compared with the prior art, the conventional drilling rig drilling technology and the cantilever tunneling machine excavation technology are introduced to weaken the ground derrick 11 suspension system, and the disassembly of the machine is safe and convenient; due to the cantilever excavation, one machine can be used for multiple purposes, covering various strata and shafts of different diameters, and the equipment is highly reusable. The combined design and innovative working methods improve the mechanized construction of the shaft. At the same time, the whole machine has strong expansion and applicability and high integration. It effectively solves the problems of complex equipment, long installation cycle, and poor expansion and applicability of existing shaft engineering.

[0090] Furthermore, the present application also provides a shaft excavation construction method, which uses the above-mentioned shaft excavation system for construction. The shaft excavation construction method includes:

[0091] S1, using the lifting drive device 21 to drive the rotary drive device 22 to descend, so as to drive the downhole main engine system to descend through the drill rod device 23, so that the excavation device 6 is inserted into the excavation surface at a preset depth;

[0092] S2. Excavation operation is performed using the excavation device 6; specifically, the excavation operation is performed by rotating the rotary frame 5 driven by the drill rod device 23, rotating the excavation head 61, and / or swinging radially around the rotary frame 5;

[0093] S3, using the slag discharge device 8 to clean the slag; generally, when there is a certain amount of slag on the excavation surface, the slag cleaning can be started while excavating to improve the construction efficiency;

[0094] S4, if the travel of a drill rod section is used up, the lifting drive device 21 drives the rotation drive device 22 to rise, connect a drill rod section above the current top drill rod, and then connect the connected drill rod to the rotation drive device 22;

[0095] S5, repeating steps S1-S4 until the excavation reaches a preset excavation depth;

[0096] S6, using the lifting drive device 21 to drive the rotary drive device 22 to rise so as to drive the drill rod device 23 to move upward;

[0097] S7, removing the drill pipe section at the top;

[0098] S8. Repeat steps S6 and S7 until the downhole host system is removed from the well.

[0099] This method uses the above-mentioned shaft excavation system for construction and has the same effect.

[0100] Furthermore, between step S1 and step S2, the process further includes: radially extending each shoe structure 42 of the shoe device 4 and holding the well wall tightly. In addition, in step S3, after the rock debris is cleaned, each shoe structure 42 needs to be radially retracted.

[0101] In order to better understand the above construction methods, the following are separate introductions to the construction processes of excavation, slag removal, support and dismantling, as follows:

[0102] (1) Excavation: The shoe structures 42 of the shoe device 4 hold the well wall tightly to reduce the vibration generated by the operation of the excavation head 61, and play a stabilizing role for the excavation device 6. Under the joint action of the head rotation drive member 63 (such as a motor), the excavation swing arm device 7 (such as a swing arm cylinder), and the drill rod, the excavation head 61 produces self-rotation, radial position adjustment, large circumferential rotation, etc., and finally covers the entire excavation surface to complete the excavation of the entire excavation surface.

[0103] (2) Slag discharge: Taking the slag discharge device 8 as an example, when the slag is transported, the bucket 16 is lowered to the bottom of the well, and the slag at the bottom of the well is transported out of the well by the action of the bucket 82. The slag on the entire excavation surface is cleaned under the action of the slag discharge swing arm device 9 (such as a swing arm cylinder) and the rotation of the drill rod.

[0104] (3) Extension of footage in the depth direction of the wellbore: The excavation head 61 is inserted into the excavation surface at a certain depth to carry out excavation. When the excavation surface is completely excavated and the rock debris is cleaned, each support shoe structure 42 is retracted, and the drill rod device 23 is lowered to a certain depth for the next excavation cycle. When the travel of a section of drill rod is used up, the drill rod is connected on the ground to extend the depth direction.

[0105] (4) Support: When the well wall needs anchor net spraying support, the anchor net spraying support of the well wall is carried out by using the anchor drilling machine 311 and the shotcrete support device 312; the circumferential direction is covered by the circumferential rotation of the drill rod, and the vertical direction is covered by the up and down lifting of the drill rod. When the well wall needs concrete pouring, a pouring template 17 is configured, and the pouring template is set above the excavation device 6 and suspended by the wire rope on the ground derrick system 1; the well wall is poured by the pouring template 17, and the concrete is demoulded when it solidifies, and it is suspended and lowered by the wire rope on the ground derrick system 1 to carry out the next cycle of pouring operation.

[0106] (5) Disassembly: When the predetermined excavation depth is reached, the casting template 17 is lifted out of the well by a wire rope; each support shoe structure 42 is retracted, and the drill rod is continuously disassembled on the ground to complete the excavation device 6 and the rear supporting platform 3 and the rear supporting device 31 to be lifted out of the well as a whole.

[0107] The above are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by any person skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft excavation system, characterized in that: include: A ground drilling system (2) comprises a lifting drive device (21), a rotation drive device (22) and a drill rod device (23), wherein the drill rod device (23) comprises a plurality of drill rods which are spliced ​​section by section along their axial direction; the lifting drive device (21) can drive the rotation drive device (22) to move up and down, and the rotation drive device (22) can drive the drill rod device (23) to rotate; An underground main engine system comprises a rear supporting platform (3), a rotary frame (5), an excavation device (6) and a slag discharge device (8), wherein the rear supporting platform (3) is provided with a rear supporting device (31); the drill rod device (23) can pass through the rear supporting platform (3) and be fixedly connected to the rotary frame (5); the excavation device (6) is hinged to the rotary frame (5) and can swing in the radial direction of the rotary frame (5); and the slag discharge device (8) is used to realize slag discharge.

2. The shaft excavation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground drilling system (2) also includes a drill clamping device, which is used to clamp the corresponding drill rod when connecting the drill rod or disassembling the drill rod.

3. The shaft excavation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom drill rod (231) in the drill rod device (23) connected to the rotary frame (5) is a hollow structure. A sliding drive member and a support slide column (24) arranged vertically are provided in the bottom drill rod (231). The sliding drive member is connected to the support slide column (24) and can drive the support slide column (24) to move up and down, so that the support slide column (24) extends out of the rotary frame (5) and is used to support the excavation surface, or the support slide column (24) is retracted into the rotary frame (5).

4. The shaft excavation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A conical seat (241) is connected to the bottom end of the support slide column (24), and the outer diameter of the conical seat (241) gradually increases from top to bottom.

5. The shaft excavation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excavation device (6) comprises a rotatable excavation head (61).

6. The shaft excavation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The excavation device (6) further comprises a fixed box (621) and a sliding box (622) which are slidably connected to each other, the upper end of the fixed box (621) is hinged to the rotating frame (5), a telescopic driving member (623) is provided between the fixed box (621) and the sliding box (622) for driving the sliding box (622) to slide relative to the fixed box (621), and the excavation head (61) is rotatably connected to the sliding box (622).

7. The shaft excavation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The excavation device (6) further comprises a box structure (62) and a head rotating drive member (63); the excavation head (61) is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the box structure (62); the head rotating drive member (63) is arranged in the box structure (62) and can drive the excavation head (61) to rotate; the excavation head (61) is a cutting head, a wheel cutter disc or a breaker hammer; an excavation swing arm device (7) is also arranged at the bottom of the rotary frame (5); the upper end of the excavation swing arm device (7) is hinged to the rotary frame (5), and the lower end of the excavation swing arm device (7) is hinged to the box structure (62).

8. The shaft excavation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft excavation system further comprises a ground derrick system (1), wherein the ground derrick system (1) comprises a derrick (11), at least one first hoist (12), and at least one first sheave (13), wherein the first sheave (13) is arranged on the derrick (11); the slag discharge device (8) is a bucket device or a scraper, wherein the upper end of the slag discharge device (8) is hinged to the bottom of the rotary frame (5), and the slag discharge device (8) can swing along the radial direction of the rotary frame (5); The first suspension rope wound on the first hoist (12) passes around the corresponding first sheave (13) and is connected to a bucket (16), and the slag discharge device (8) can cooperate with the bucket (16) to realize slag discharge.

9. The shaft excavation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shoe holding device (4) is also provided between the rear supporting platform (3) and the rotating frame (5), and the shoe holding device (4) is rotatably connected to the rotating frame (5).

10. The shaft excavation system according to claim 9, characterized in that The shoe support device (4) comprises an annular shoe support frame (41) and a plurality of shoe support structures (42) circumferentially spaced apart on the shoe support frame (41); the shoe support structure (42) can move radially along the rotating frame (5) and can be used to support the well wall; the bottom of the rear supporting platform (3) is connected to the top of the shoe support frame (41), and the shoe support frame (41) is connected to the rotating frame (5) via a rotating bearing (43).

11. The shaft excavation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear supporting device (31) comprises an anchor drilling machine (311) and a shotcrete support device (312).

12. The shaft excavation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft excavation system further comprises a ground derrick system (1), wherein the ground derrick system (1) comprises a derrick (11), at least one second hoist (14), and at least one second sheave (15), wherein the second sheave (15) is arranged on the derrick (11); The second suspension rope wound on the second hoist (14) passes around the corresponding second second wheel (15) and is connected to a casting template (17).

13. A shaft excavation construction method, characterized in that: The shaft excavation system according to any one of claims 1 to 12 is used for construction, and the shaft excavation construction method comprises: S1, using the lifting drive device (21) to drive the rotary drive device (22) to descend, so as to drive the downhole main engine system to descend through the drill rod device (23), so that the excavation device (6) is inserted into the excavation surface at a preset depth; S2. performing excavation operation using the excavation device (6); S3, using the slag discharge device (8) to clean the slag; S4, if the travel of a section of drill rod is exhausted, the lifting drive device (21) drives the rotating drive device (22) to rise, connects a section of drill rod above the current top drill rod, and then connects the connected drill rod to the rotating drive device (22); S5, repeating steps S1-S4 until the excavation reaches a preset excavation depth; S6, using the lifting drive device (21) to drive the rotating drive device (22) to rise so as to drive the drill rod device (23) to move upward; S7, removing the drill pipe section at the top; S8. Repeat steps S6 and S7 until the downhole host system is removed from the well.

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