Shaft excavation system and method of construction

Abstract

The invention discloses a shaft excavation system and a construction method. The shaft excavation system comprises a ground drilling machine system, a downhole main machine system and a drill pipe device. The ground drilling machine system comprises a lifting driving device, a rotating driving device and the drill pipe device. The downhole main machine system comprises a rear matching platform, a rotary frame, an excavation device and a slag discharge device. The rear matching device is arranged on the rear matching platform. The drill pipe device is fixedly connected with the rotary frame. The excavation device is hingedly connected with the rotary frame and can swing along the radial direction of the rotary frame. The invention can weaken the ground shaft derrick suspension system, and is safe and convenient to disassemble. The invention can be used for multiple purposes, covering various strata and shafts with different diameters. The invention effectively solves the problems of complex shaft engineering equipment, long equipment period and poor application expansion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft excavation, and more particularly to a shaft excavation system and construction method. Background Technology

[0002] At present, large-diameter, deep vertical shaft projects such as mines are still mainly constructed using the traditional drill and blast method. In recent years, construction equipment and methods such as full-face vertical shaft tunneling machines have gradually emerged. However, full-face vertical shaft tunneling machines have problems such as complex overall systems, high requirements for ground equipment suspension, long disassembly and assembly cycles, and high costs. The equipment has a low reuse rate, and the later modification is difficult and requires a large investment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vertical shaft excavation system and construction method that can reduce the need for a ground derrick suspension system, make disassembly safe and convenient, and can be used to cover various strata and vertical shafts of different diameters. It effectively solves the problems of complex equipment, long installation cycle and poor scalability of existing vertical shaft engineering equipment.

[0004] The objective of this invention can be achieved using the following technical solutions:

[0005] This invention provides a shaft excavation system, comprising:

[0006] The ground drilling rig system includes a lifting drive device, a rotary drive device, and a drill rod assembly. The drill rod assembly includes multiple drill rod sections spliced ​​together along its axial direction. The lifting drive device can drive the rotary drive device to move up and down, and the rotary drive device can drive the drill rod assembly to rotate.

[0007] The downhole main unit system includes a rear support platform, a rotary frame, an excavation device, and a slag removal device. The rear support device is installed on the rear support platform. The drill pipe device can pass through the rear support platform and be fixedly connected to the rotary frame. The excavation device is hinged to the rotary frame and can swing radially along the rotary frame. The slag removal device is used to remove slag.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ground drilling system further includes a drill jamming device for clamping the corresponding drill rod when splicing or dismantling the drill rod.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom drill rod connected to the rotary frame in the drill rod device has a hollow structure. A sliding drive member and a support slide column are arranged vertically inside the bottom drill rod. The sliding drive member is connected to the support slide column and can drive the support slide column to move up and down, so that the support slide column extends out of the rotary frame and is used to support on the excavation surface, or so that the support slide column retracts into the rotary frame.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a conical seat is connected to the bottom end of the supporting slide column, and the outer diameter of the conical seat gradually increases from top to bottom.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the excavation device includes a rotatable excavation head.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the excavation device further includes a fixed box and a sliding box that are slidably connected to each other. The upper end of the fixed box is hinged to the rotary frame. A telescopic drive is provided between the fixed box and the sliding box to drive the sliding box to slide relative to the fixed box. The excavation head is rotatably connected to the sliding box.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the excavation device further includes a box structure and a head rotation drive. The excavation head is rotatably disposed at the bottom of the box structure, and the head rotation drive is disposed inside the box structure and can drive the excavation head to rotate. The excavation head is a cutting head, a wheeled cutter head, or a breaker hammer. The bottom of the slewing frame is also provided with an excavation swing arm device. The upper end of the excavation swing arm device is hinged to the slewing frame, and the lower end of the excavation swing arm device is hinged to the box structure.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shaft excavation system further includes a ground derrick system, which includes a derrick, at least one first hoist, and at least one first sheave, the first sheave being mounted on the derrick; the slag removal device is a bucket device or a scraper conveyor, the upper end of the slag removal device is hinged to the bottom of the rotary frame, and the slag removal device can swing radially along the rotary frame; the first suspension rope wound on the first hoist passes around the corresponding first sheave and is connected to a bucket, and the slag removal device can cooperate with the bucket to remove slag.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a support shoe device is provided between the rear platform and the slewing frame, and the support shoe device is rotatably connected to the slewing frame.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the support shoe device includes an annular support shoe support frame and multiple sets of support shoe structures circumferentially spaced on the support shoe support frame. The support shoe structures can move radially along the slewing frame and can be used to brace against the well wall. The bottom of the rear supporting platform is connected to the top of the support shoe support frame, and the support shoe support frame is connected to the slewing frame through a slewing bearing.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the supporting equipment includes an anchor drilling rig and a shotcrete support device.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shaft excavation system further includes a ground derrick system, which includes a derrick, at least one second hoist, and at least one second wheel, with the second wheel mounted on the derrick; a second suspension rope wound on the second hoist passes around the corresponding second wheel and is connected to a casting template.

[0019] This invention also provides a method for shaft excavation, which uses the aforementioned shaft excavation system for construction. The method includes:

[0020] S1. Use the lifting drive device to drive the rotary drive device to descend, so as to drive the downhole main system to descend through the drill pipe device, so that the excavation device can be inserted into the excavation face at a preset depth.

[0021] S2. Excavation operations are carried out using excavation equipment;

[0022] S3. Use a slag removal device to clean up rock debris;

[0023] S4. If the stroke of a drill rod section is used up, the lifting drive device drives the rotary drive device to rise, and a new drill rod section is connected above the current top drill rod. Then the new drill rod section is connected to the rotary drive device.

[0024] S5. Repeat steps S1-S4 until the excavation reaches the preset excavation depth.

[0025] S6. Use the lifting drive device to drive the rotary drive device to rise, thereby moving the drill pipe device upward.

[0026] S7. Remove the top section of the drill pipe;

[0027] S8. Repeat steps S6 and S7 until the downhole main unit system is successfully removed from the well.

[0028] As described above, the vertical shaft excavation system and construction method of the present invention integrate the construction processes and technologies of drill pipe splicing drilling rigs and cantilever tunneling machines, featuring a simple structure and high integration. The cantilevered downhole main unit system and the surface drilling rig system are connected and suspended via drill pipes. Drilling is performed by splicing drill pipes, and the downhole main unit system is lifted by disassembling the drill pipes. The downhole main unit system does not require a large circumferential rotation; its circumferential rotation power is transmitted through the drill pipe device driven by the surface drilling rig system. All the necessary auxiliary equipment for the downhole main unit system is integrated on the auxiliary platform of the downhole main unit system, effectively reducing the load-bearing capacity of the surface derrick and eliminating the need for costly redesign of the derrick. Because a cantilevered excavation device is used, the excavation diameter is not fixed and can be used for vertical shaft construction projects of different diameters. Furthermore, the surface drilling rig system can be restored to its original function later, greatly expanding the application range of the drilling rig. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings are intended only to illustrate and explain the present invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0030] in:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the shaft excavation system provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ground drilling rig system provided by the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the downhole main unit system provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation device when the excavation head adopts a wheeled cutterhead, as provided by the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a top view of the boot support device provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 This is another top view schematic diagram of the boot support device provided by the present invention.

[0037] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0038] 1. Surface derrick system; 11. Derrick; 12. First hoist; 13. First sheave; 14. Second hoist; 15. Second sheave; 16. Bucket; 17. Cast-in-place formwork;

[0039] 2. Surface drilling rig system; 21. Lifting drive device; 22. Rotary drive device; 23. Drill rod device; 231. Bottom drill rod; 24. Support slide; 241. Conical seat;

[0040] 3. Supporting platform; 31. Supporting equipment; 311. Anchor drilling rig; 312. Shotcrete support device; 313. Downhole electrical control components;

[0041] 4. Boot support device; 41. Boot support frame; 42. Boot support structure; 43. Slewing bearing;

[0042] 5. Rotary frame;

[0043] 6. Excavation device; 61. Excavation head; 62. Box structure; 621. Fixed box; 622. Sliding box; 623. Telescopic drive component; 63. Head rotation drive component;

[0044] 7. Excavation swing arm device;

[0045] 8. Slag removal device; 81. Bucket arm; 82. Bucket; 83. Swing cylinder;

[0046] 9. Slag discharge swing arm device. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this application provides a shaft excavation system, including:

[0049] The ground drilling rig system 2 includes a lifting drive device 21, a rotary drive device 22, and a drill rod device 23. The drill rod device 23 includes multiple drill rods spliced ​​together along its axial direction. The lifting drive device 21 is connected to the rotary drive device 22 and can drive the rotary drive device 22 to move up and down. The rotary drive device 22 is connected to the upper end of the drill rod device 23 and can drive the drill rod device 23 to rotate.

[0050] The downhole main unit system includes a rear support platform 3, a rotary frame 5, an excavation device 6, and a slag removal device 8. The rear support device 31 is provided on the rear support platform 3. The drill pipe device 23 can pass through the rear support platform 3 and be fixedly connected to the rotary frame 5 so as to drive the rotary frame 5 to rotate. The excavation device 6 is hinged to the rotary frame 5 and can swing radially along the rotary frame 5. The slag removal device 8 is used to realize slag removal.

[0051] After the system is assembled, during excavation, the lifting drive device 21 drives the rotary drive device 22 to descend, thereby lowering the entire downhole main unit system via the drill rod device 23. This allows the bottom end of the excavation device 6 (i.e., the excavation head 61 hereinafter referred to as the excavation head 61) to insert into the excavation face at a certain depth. The excavation device 6 can swing radially along the rotary frame 5 and can also rotate with the rotary frame 5 under the drive of the drill rod device 23, thus fully excavating the excavation face. During the excavation process, the slag removal device 8 is used to clean up the slag and rock. After the slag and rock are cleaned up, the lifting drive device 21 drives the drill rod device 23 to descend to a certain depth for the next cycle of excavation. When the stroke of a drill rod section is completed, the drill rod is continued on the ground to extend in the depth direction. When the preset excavation depth is reached, dismantling operations begin. The lifting drive device 21 drives the rotary drive device 22 to move the drill rod device 23 upward, removing the top section of the drill rod. This process is repeated continuously. By continuously dismantling the drill rod on the ground, the entire downhole main unit system can be brought out of the well.

[0052] Therefore, the shaft excavation system in this application integrates the construction techniques and technologies of drill pipe splicing drilling rigs and cantilever tunneling machines, resulting in a simple structure and high integration. The cantilevered downhole main unit system and the surface drilling rig system 2 are connected and suspended by drill pipes. Drilling is performed by splicing drill pipes, and the downhole main unit system is lifted by disassembling the drill pipes. The downhole main unit system does not require a large circumferential rotation; its circumferential rotation power is transmitted through the drill pipe device 23 driven by the surface drilling rig system 2. All the necessary supporting devices 31 for the downhole main unit system are integrated on the supporting platform 3 of the downhole main unit system, effectively reducing the load-bearing capacity of the surface derrick 11 and eliminating the need for costly redesign of the derrick 11. Because the cantilevered excavation device 6 is used for excavation, the excavation diameter is not fixed and can be used for shaft construction projects of different diameters. Furthermore, the surface drilling rig system 2 can be restored to its original function later, greatly expanding the application range of the drilling rig.

[0053] In a specific embodiment, the ground drilling system 2 also includes a drill jamming device for clamping the corresponding drill rod when splicing or dismantling the drill rod.

[0054] The chuck device is arranged near the drill rod device 23. The chuck device has openable and closable jaws that can clamp the corresponding drill rod when connecting or disassembling the drill rod. The specific structure of the chuck device can adopt any existing method.

[0055] Because the drill pipe assembly 23 itself has a certain axial tensile strength, it can bear the weight of the downhole main unit system when driving it up and down. When splicing or dismantling drill pipe, the downhole main unit system is in a suspended state, and the corresponding drill pipe is clamped by the chuck device, which can bear the weight of the downhole main unit system.

[0056] As a preferred option, refer to Figure 3 The bottom drill rod 231, which is connected to the rotary frame 5 in the drill rod device 23, is a hollow structure. Inside the bottom drill rod 231, there are vertically arranged sliding drive components and support slide columns 24. The sliding drive components are connected to the support slide columns 24 and can drive the support slide columns 24 to move up and down, so that the support slide columns 24 can extend out of the rotary frame 5 and be used to support the excavation face, or so that the support slide columns 24 can be retracted into the rotary frame 5.

[0057] The sliding drive component can be, for example, a leg cylinder. The cylinder body of the leg cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom drill rod 231, and the piston end of the leg cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the support slide column 24. During the entire excavation process, when the lifting drive device 21 drives the drill rod device 23 to move the excavation device 6 up and down, and during the entire excavation process of the excavation device 6, the support slide column 24 is completely retracted into the rotary frame 5 and does not extend out. The rotary frame 5 should have a space to accommodate the support slide column 24 so as to hide the support slide column 24.

[0058] When the stroke of a drill pipe section is completed and a new drill pipe needs to be connected on the surface, the sliding drive component drives the support slide column 24 to move downwards, extending it out of the rotary frame 5 and supporting it on the excavation face. At this time, the excavation device 6 is spaced apart from the excavation face, and the chuck of the chuck device clamps the drill pipe currently at the top of the drill pipe assembly 23. The rotary drive device 22 disengages from the currently top drill pipe, and the lifting drive device 21 drives the rotary drive device 22 to rise. At this point, a new drill pipe section can be connected above the currently top drill pipe, and the connected drill pipe is then connected to the rotary drive device 22. During the drill pipe connection process, the support slide column 24 supports the weight of the downhole main unit system on the excavation face, thus reducing the stress on the drill pipe. Whether or not to install the support slide column 24 depends on the capacity of the surface drilling rig system 2 and the actual situation.

[0059] Generally, a conical seat 241 is connected to the bottom end of the support slide column 24. The outer diameter of the conical seat 241 gradually increases from top to bottom to increase the contact area between the support slide column 24 and the excavation surface.

[0060] In this embodiment, the excavation device 6 includes a rotatable excavation head 61. The excavation head 61 can rotate during excavation; since the upper end of the excavation device 6 is hinged to the bottom of the rotary frame 5, the excavation device 6 can swing radially along the rotary frame 5; in addition, the excavation device 6 can also rotate with the rotary frame 5, which makes the excavation more flexible and comprehensive.

[0061] A support shoe device 4 is also provided between the rear supporting platform 3 and the slewing frame 5, and the support shoe device 4 is rotatably connected to the slewing frame 5.

[0062] The rear support platform 3 is connected to the top of the support shoe device 4. The lower end of the drill rod device 23 passes through the rear support platform 3 and the support shoe device 4 in sequence and is fixed to the top of the rotary frame 5. During excavation, after the excavation head 61 is inserted into the excavation face to a certain depth, each support shoe structure 42 of the support shoe device 4 extends radially and tightens the well wall, and then the excavation device 6 begins excavation. When the excavation face is completely excavated and the rock debris is cleared, the support shoe structure 42 is retracted. The downhole main unit system has a support shoe device 4, which is rotatably connected to the rotary frame 5. When the cantilever excavation device 6 rotates in a circle, the support shoe device 4 always tightens the well wall, effectively stabilizing the equipment posture.

[0063] Furthermore, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The excavation device 6 also includes a fixed box 621 and a sliding box 622 that are slidably connected to each other. The upper end of the fixed box 621 is hinged to the rotary frame 5. A telescopic drive member 623 is provided between the fixed box 621 and the sliding box 622 to drive the sliding box 622 to slide relative to the fixed box 621. The excavation head 61 is rotatably connected to the sliding box 622.

[0064] The fixed housing 621 can be fitted onto the outside of the sliding housing 622, or the sliding housing 622 can be fitted onto the outside of the fixed housing 621. The telescopic drive 623 can be a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, with the cylinder body and piston end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder connected to the fixed housing 621 and the sliding housing 622 respectively. When the support shoe structures 42 of the support shoe device 4 extend and tighten the well wall, after the excavation device 6 has completed the excavation of the entire excavation face, the telescopic drive 623 can be used to drive the sliding housing 622 to slide outward, so that the excavation head 61 of the excavation device 6 can be inserted into the excavation face at a certain depth to continue excavation. After the excavation is completed again, the lifting drive 21 can be used to drive the drill rod device 23 to be lowered to a certain depth for the next cycle of excavation.

[0065] The entire excavation device 6 adopts a telescopic structure. After the support shoe structure 42 is tightened once, the telescopic drive structure can increase the excavation distance in the depth direction, thereby reducing the number of times the support shoe structure 42 changes steps frequently.

[0066] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 The excavation device 6 also includes a box structure 62 and a head rotation drive 63. The excavation head 61 is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the box structure 62, and the head rotation drive 63 is located inside the box structure 62 and can drive the excavation head 61 to rotate. The bottom of the rotary frame 5 is also provided with an excavation swing arm device 7. The upper end of the excavation swing arm device 7 is hinged to the rotary frame 5, and the lower end of the excavation swing arm device 7 is hinged to the box structure 62 to drive the excavation device 6 to swing radially along the rotary frame 5.

[0067] Generally, the excavating device 6 is located on one side of the bottom of the rotary frame 5. The upper end of the excavating swing arm device 7 is hinged to the rotary frame 5 near its center, but care should be taken to avoid interference with the aforementioned support sliding column 24. The hinge axis of the upper end of the excavating device 6 and the rotary frame 5 is horizontally set and parallel to the corresponding diameter direction of the rotary frame 5. The length direction of the box structure 62 is parallel to the axis of the entire excavating device 6. The box structure 62 can be composed of the aforementioned fixed box 621 and sliding box 622. The excavating swing arm device 7 can be a swing arm cylinder, with both ends of the swing arm cylinder connected to the bottom of the rotary frame 5 and the fixed box 621 respectively, so as to drive the excavating device 6 to swing radially along the rotary frame 5 by the extension and retraction of the cylinder. The head rotation drive 63 can be, for example, a motor, to drive the excavating head 61 to rotate.

[0068] In this embodiment, the excavation head 61 can be a cutting head, a wheeled cutterhead, or a hydraulic breaker.

[0069] Reference Figure 3 The cutting head includes a ball-head body and multiple cutting heads on the ball-head structure. The cutting head itself can rotate around the length of the housing structure 62 under the drive of the head rotation drive 63. (Refer to...) Figure 4 The wheel-type cutterhead includes a cutterhead body with multiple cutter heads on its outer circumferential surface. The cutterhead body is mounted on one side of the bottom of the box structure 62, and the axis of the cutterhead body is perpendicular to the length direction of the box structure 62. Generally, cutting heads are more suitable for softer rock formations, while wheel-type cutterheads are more suitable for harder rock formations. The excavation head 61 can also use other types of rock-breaking mechanisms depending on actual needs; this embodiment is merely an example.

[0070] Furthermore, to facilitate slag removal, in one embodiment, reference is made to... Figure 1 and Figure 3The shaft excavation system also includes a ground derrick system 1, which includes a derrick 11, at least one first hoist 12, and at least one first sheave 13. The first sheave 13 is mounted on the derrick 11. The slag removal device 8 is a bucket device or a scraper conveyor. The upper end of the slag removal device 8 is hinged to the bottom of the rotary frame 5, and the slag removal device 8 can swing radially along the rotary frame 5. The first suspension rope wound on the first hoist 12 passes around the corresponding first sheave 13 and is connected to a bucket 16. The slag removal device 8 can cooperate with the bucket 16 to remove slag.

[0071] The number of first hoists 12 and first sheaves 13 is the same, depending on the specific needs. For example, in this embodiment, there are two first hoists 12 and two first sheaves 13. The first hoists 12 can be, for example, winches. A slag discharge swing arm device 9, such as a swing arm cylinder, is also provided at the bottom of the rotary frame 5. The two ends of the slag discharge swing arm device 9 are hinged to the bottom of the rotary frame 5 and the slag discharge device 8, respectively, to drive the slag discharge device 8 to swing radially along the rotary frame 5. The excavation device 6 and the slag discharge device 8 are located on both sides of the bottom of the rotary frame 5. The upper end of the slag discharge swing arm device 9 is hinged to a position in the rotary frame 5 near its center, and must also avoid the aforementioned support slide column 24. The hinge axis of the upper end of the slag discharge device 8 and the hinge position of the rotary frame 5 is parallel to the hinge axis of the upper end of the excavation device 6 and the hinge position of the rotary frame 5.

[0072] Reference Figure 3 When the slag removal device 8 is a bucket device, the bucket device includes a bucket arm 81 and a bucket 82. The upper and lower ends of the bucket arm 81 are hinged to the slewing frame 5 and the bucket 82, respectively. The lower end of the slag removal swing arm device 9 is hinged to the bucket arm 81. The bucket arm 81 and the bucket 82 can be connected by a swing cylinder 83 to drive the bucket 82 to swing relative to the bucket arm 81. During slag removal, the bucket 16 is lowered to the bottom of the well by the first hoist 12. The bucket 82 can swing relative to the bucket arm 81, the bucket arm 81 can swing radially along the slewing frame 5, and the bucket device can rotate with the slewing frame 5 under the drive of the drill rod device 23. This can clean the rock debris on the entire excavation face. The rock debris collected by the bucket device is poured into the bucket 16, and then the bucket 16 is used to remove it from the well.

[0073] In another embodiment, the slag removal device 8 is a mud pump, which is located on one side of the excavation device 6. In this embodiment, a certain amount of mud should be added to the excavation face in advance to submerge the excavation head 61, and the slag removal is achieved by pumping the mud pump.

[0074] When the well depth is shallow, the mud pump can be directly connected to the ground through the corresponding pipeline and pumped directly to the ground.

[0075] When the designed well depth is relatively deep, a mud separation device can be installed on the supporting platform 3. The mud pump is connected to the pre-set mud injected on the excavation face through the first mud pipe, and is connected to the mud separation device through the second mud pipe. The mud separation device is connected to the pre-set mud injected on the excavation face through the first separation pipe to return the separated mud to the bottom of the well, forming a circulation. The mud separation device is also connected to the corresponding bucket 16 through the second separation pipe to transport the separated excavated soil into the bucket 16, and the bucket 16 is used to remove it from the well. Alternatively, a mud separation device can be installed on the ground, with multiple support platforms spaced at intervals from bottom to top on the well wall. A relay water tank and a pumping device are installed on the support platform. The mud pump pumps the mud on the excavation face to the relay water tank at the bottom through the corresponding pipelines, and then each pumping device pumps it to the corresponding relay water tank in sequence, and finally to the mud-water separation device to complete the pumping of rock debris out of the well.

[0076] In another embodiment, the slag removal device 8 is a vacuum pump, which is located on one side of the excavation device 6. One end of the vacuum pump is connected to the area on the excavation surface through a first pumping pipeline, and the other end is connected to the corresponding bucket 16 through a second pumping pipeline. The vacuum pump transfers the rock slag on the excavation surface into the bucket 16, and the bucket 16 removes it from the well.

[0077] Of course, the slag discharge device 8 described above can also be other slag discharge equipment such as a grab bucket. The specific slag discharge device 8 can be determined according to the needs. This embodiment is only an example.

[0078] Furthermore, refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The support shoe device 4 includes an annular support shoe support frame 41 and multiple sets of support shoe structures 42 circumferentially spaced on the support shoe support frame 41. The support shoe structures 42 can move radially along the rotary frame 5 and can be used to brace against the well wall. The bottom of the rear supporting platform 3 is connected to the top of the support shoe support frame 41, and the support shoe support frame 41 is connected to the rotary frame 5 through a rotary bearing 43.

[0079] Multiple support shoe structures 42 are evenly spaced around the outer periphery of the support shoe support frame 41. The drill pipe device 23 can pass through the inner annular hole of the support shoe support frame 41 and connect to the rotary frame 5. Each support shoe structure 42 includes an outer housing, an inner housing, a support shoe cylinder, and a shoe plate. The outer housing is arranged radially along the length of the rotary frame 5 and is fixedly connected to the support shoe support frame 41. The shoe plate is located outside the outer housing. The inner housing can slide inside the outer housing and is fixedly connected to the shoe plate. The support shoe cylinder is located inside the outer housing, and its two ends are fixedly connected to the outer housing and the shoe plate, respectively. The number of outer housings, inner housings, support shoe cylinders, and shoe plates is the same. The support shoe cylinder can drive the inner housing and the shoe plate to move radially together and make the shoe plate firmly supported on the well wall.

[0080] By adjusting the settings of each support shoe structure 42 and the extension of the slag discharge swing arm device 9, the excavation of a circular cross section can be completed (e.g., Figure 5 As shown), it can also complete the excavation of rectangular cross sections (such as...). Figure 6 (As shown).

[0081] The rotation of the drill pipe assembly 23 drives the rotary frame 5 and its structural components mounted on the rotary frame 5 to rotate in a complete circumference. Due to the presence of the rotary bearing 43, the rotation of the support shoe assembly 4 and the rotary frame 5 is isolated. When the rotary frame 5 rotates in a circle, the support shoe structures 42 of the support shoe assembly 4 remain unaffected in their support of the well wall. The interval between two adjacent support shoe structures 42 forms a passageway for the bucket 16 to pass through.

[0082] Furthermore, regarding the support of the well wall, this embodiment mainly adopts the following two methods:

[0083] The first method: The rear support device 31 includes an anchor drilling rig 311 and a shotcrete support device 312. The anchor drilling rig 311 is used to drive anchor bolts into the well wall, and the shotcrete support device 312 is used to spray concrete. In this method, operators need to be lowered to the rear support platform 3 via a bucket 16 to operate the anchor drilling rig 311 and the shotcrete support device 312. First, the anchor drilling rig 311 is used to drive anchor bolts into the well wall, then a mesh is manually hung on the well wall, and then the shotcrete support device 312 is used to spray concrete to complete the anchor mesh shotcrete support of the well wall. As needed, the anchor drilling rig 311 can also be rotated circumferentially along the rear support platform 3 and moved up and down relative to the rear support platform 3 to facilitate operation. In this method, the rotation and lifting of the anchor drilling rig 311 can be achieved by any existing method, and this application does not limit this.

[0084] The second method: The shaft excavation system also includes a surface derrick system 1, which includes a derrick 11, at least one second hoist 14, and at least one second reel 15. The second reel 15 is mounted on the derrick 11. The second suspension rope wound on the second hoist 14 passes over the corresponding second reel 15 and connects to a casting template 17. This method is mainly applicable to situations where the shaft support design requires a concrete shaft wall. Here, the number of second hoists 14 and second reels 15 is the same. The second hoist 14 can be a winch. The casting template 17 is suspended by the corresponding hoist and suspension rope (steel wire rope) and lowered in a timely manner according to the excavation depth. In this method, operators also need to be lowered to the rear supporting platform 3 via a bucket 16. The operators then perform corresponding operations on the casting template 17 to complete the concrete pouring of the shaft wall.

[0085] The specific support method for the well wall can be selected according to needs, or other support methods can be used. This embodiment is only for illustrative purposes.

[0086] In practical applications, derrick 11 can adopt Figure 1 The frame structure shown in the diagram has each hoist mounted on the ground. Alternatively, the derrick 11 can also be a gantry crane, integrating each hoist and sheave unit onto it. The aforementioned ground drilling system 2 has rotation and lifting / lowering functions. The output end of the rotary drive device 22 is connected to the drill rod and outputs rotational power; the lifting drive device 21 drives the drill rod to move up and down. The lifting drive device 21 can be implemented using a telescopic hydraulic cylinder. Corresponding ground electrical components will also be installed to control the operation of each hoist, rotary drive device 22, and lifting drive device 21.

[0087] The aforementioned rear support platform 3 and the support shoe device 4 are connected as a whole. A rear support device 31 is installed on the rear support platform 3. The rear support device 31 includes downhole electrical control components 313, hydraulic system components, and fluid components. It is optionally equipped with the aforementioned anchor drilling rig 311 and shotcrete support device 312. The downhole electrical control components 313 control the corresponding actions of the aforementioned excavation device 6, excavation swing arm device 7, support shoe device 4, sliding drive component, muck removal device 8, muck removal swing arm device 9, anchor drilling rig 311, and shotcrete support device 312. Specifically, it controls the actions of the aforementioned telescopic drive component 623, head rotation drive component 63, excavation swing arm device 7, support shoe cylinder, sliding drive component, swing cylinder 83, muck removal swing arm device 9, anchor drilling rig 311, and shotcrete support device 312. The hydraulic system components supply hydraulic oil to the aforementioned cylinders, and the fluid components supply lubricating grease and pump station coolant, etc.

[0088] The entire system integrates all the electrical, hydraulic (e.g., hydraulic oil), and fluid (e.g., lubricating grease, pump station coolant, etc.) devices required by the downhole main unit system (the corresponding electrical, hydraulic, and fluid devices are the aforementioned downhole electrical control components 313, hydraulic system components, and fluid components), as well as the anchor drilling rig 311, shotcreting and other devices selected according to project needs, all on the upper part of the main unit. This weakens the load-bearing capacity of the surface derrick 11, eliminating the need for a costly redesign of the derrick 11. The surface derrick 11 is only used for suspending the casting template 17 and raising and lowering the bucket 16.

[0089] In summary, the shaft excavation system in this embodiment is a combined contour-following excavation system. As the excavation depth increases, the depth direction is continued by extending the drill rod on the ground. After excavation is completed, each support shoe structure 42 is retracted. By continuously disassembling the drill rod on the ground, the entire underground main system, consisting of the excavation device 6 and the rear-supporting platform 3 equipped with the rear-supporting device 31, is brought out of the well. Compared with the prior art, it introduces conventional drilling technology and cantilever excavation technology, weakens the suspension system of the ground derrick 11, and makes disassembly safe and convenient. Due to the cantilever excavation, it is multi-purpose, covering various strata and shafts of different diameters, and the equipment has high reusability. The combined design and innovative construction method improve the mechanization of shaft construction. At the same time, the whole machine has strong scalability and high integration. It effectively solves the problems of complex equipment, long installation cycle, and poor scalability of existing shaft engineering equipment.

[0090] Furthermore, this application also provides a method for excavating a vertical shaft, using the aforementioned vertical shaft excavation system. The method includes:

[0091] S1. The lifting drive device 21 drives the rotary drive device 22 to descend, so as to drive the downhole main system to descend through the drill pipe device 23, so that the excavation device 6 can be inserted into the excavation face at a preset depth.

[0092] S2. Excavation operation is carried out using the excavation device 6; specifically, excavation operation is carried out by rotating the rotary frame 5 under the drive of the drill rod device 23, rotating the excavation head 61, and / or oscillating radially around the rotary frame 5.

[0093] S3. Use the slag removal device 8 to clean up rock debris; generally, after there is a certain amount of rock debris on the excavation surface, rock debris cleaning can be started at the same time as excavation to improve construction efficiency.

[0094] S4. If the stroke of a drill rod section is used up, the lifting drive device 21 drives the rotary drive device 22 to rise, and a drill rod section is connected above the current top drill rod. Then the connected drill rod is connected to the rotary drive device 22.

[0095] S5. Repeat steps S1-S4 until the excavation reaches the preset excavation depth.

[0096] S6. Use the lifting drive device 21 to drive the rotary drive device 22 to rise, thereby moving the drill rod device 23 upward.

[0097] S7. Remove the top section of the drill pipe;

[0098] S8. Repeat steps S6 and S7 until the downhole main unit system is successfully removed from the well.

[0099] This method uses the aforementioned shaft excavation system for construction and achieves the same results.

[0100] Furthermore, between steps S1 and S2, the process includes extending each support shoe structure 42 of the support shoe device 4 radially and tightening it against the well wall. Additionally, in step S3, after the rock debris has been cleared, each support shoe structure 42 needs to be retracted radially.

[0101] To better understand the above construction methods, the construction process of each of the four parts—excavation, muck removal, support, and dismantling—will be described separately below:

[0102] (1) Excavation: The support shoe structures 42 of the support shoe device 4 support the well wall to reduce the vibration generated by the operation of the excavation head 61 and play a stabilizing role in the excavation device 6. Under the combined action of the head rotation drive 63 (such as a motor), the excavation swing arm device 7 (such as a swing arm cylinder), and the drill rod, the excavation head 61 generates actions such as self-rotation, radial position adjustment, and large circumferential rotation, and finally covers the entire excavation face to complete the excavation of the entire excavation face.

[0103] (2) Slag removal: Taking the slag removal device 8 with a bucket device as an example, when the rock slag is being transported, the bucket 16 is lowered to the bottom of the well, and the rock slag at the bottom of the well is transported out of the well by the action of the bucket 82. The rock slag of the entire excavation face is cleaned up by the slag removal swing arm device 9 (such as swing arm cylinder) and the rotation of the drill rod.

[0104] (3) Deepening of the wellbore: The excavation head 61 is inserted into the excavation face at a certain depth for excavation. After the excavation face is completely excavated and the rock debris is cleared, the support shoe structures 42 are retracted, and the drill rod device 23 is lowered to a certain depth for the next cycle of excavation. When the stroke of a drill rod section is used up, the drill rod is continued on the ground for depth extension.

[0105] (4) Support: When the well wall requires anchor mesh spraying support, the anchor drill rig 311 and the spraying support device 312 are used to carry out anchor mesh spraying support for the well wall; the circumferential direction is covered by the circumferential rotation of the drill rod, and the vertical direction is covered by the vertical lifting of the drill rod. When the well wall requires concrete pouring, a pouring template 17 is configured. The pouring template is set above the excavation device 6 and suspended by the wire rope on the ground derrick system 1; the well wall is poured by pouring template 17, and the formwork is demolded when the concrete solidifies. It is then suspended and lowered by the wire rope on the ground derrick system 1 for the next cycle of pouring operation.

[0106] (5) Dismantling: When the predetermined excavation depth is reached, the casting template 17 is lifted out of the well by steel wire rope; each support shoe structure 42 is retracted, and the excavation device 6, the rear supporting platform 3 and the rear supporting device 31 are removed from the well as a whole by continuously dismantling the drill rod on the ground.

[0107] The above are merely illustrative embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft excavation system, characterized in that, include: The ground drilling rig system (2) includes a lifting drive device (21), a rotary drive device (22), and a drill rod device (23). The drill rod device (23) includes multiple drill rods spliced ​​together along its axial direction. The lifting drive device (21) can drive the rotary drive device (22) to move up and down, and the rotary drive device (22) can drive the drill rod device (23) to rotate. The downhole main unit system includes a rear support platform (3), a rotary frame (5), an excavation device (6), and a slag removal device (8). The rear support device (31) is provided on the rear support platform (3). The drill rod device (23) can pass through the rear support platform (3) and be fixedly connected to the rotary frame (5) so as to drive the rotary frame (5) to rotate. The excavation device (6) is hinged to the rotary frame (5) and can swing radially along the rotary frame (5). The slag removal device (8) is used to realize slag removal. Among them, the bottom drill rod (231) of the drill rod device (23) connected to the rotary frame (5) is a hollow structure. The bottom drill rod (231) is provided with a sliding drive and a support slide column (24) arranged vertically. The sliding drive is connected to the support slide column (24) and can drive the support slide column (24) to move up and down, so that the support slide column (24) extends out of the rotary frame (5) and is used to support on the excavation surface, or so that the support slide column (24) retracts into the rotary frame (5); The excavation device (6) includes a rotatable excavation head (61), and the excavation device (6) also includes a fixed box (621) and a sliding box (622) that are slidably connected to each other. The upper end of the fixed box (621) is hinged to the rotary frame (5). A telescopic drive (623) is provided between the fixed box (621) and the sliding box (622) for driving the sliding box (622) to slide relative to the fixed box (621). The excavation head (61) and the sliding box (622) are rotatably connected.

2. The shaft excavation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ground drilling system (2) also includes a drill jamming device for clamping the corresponding drill rod when splicing or dismantling the drill rod.

3. The shaft excavation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A conical seat (241) is connected to the bottom end of the supporting slide (24), and the outer diameter of the conical seat (241) gradually increases from top to bottom.

4. The shaft excavation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The excavation device (6) also includes a box structure (62) and a head rotation drive (63). The excavation head (61) is rotatably disposed at the bottom of the box structure (62). The head rotation drive (63) is disposed inside the box structure (62) and can drive the excavation head (61) to rotate. The excavation head (61) is a cutting head, a wheeled cutter head, or a breaker hammer. The bottom of the rotary frame (5) is also provided with an excavation swing arm device (7). The upper end of the excavation swing arm device (7) is hinged to the rotary frame (5), and the lower end of the excavation swing arm device (7) is hinged to the box structure (62).

5. The shaft excavation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical shaft excavation system also includes a ground derrick system (1), which includes a derrick (11), at least one first hoist (12), and at least one first sheave (13), the first sheave (13) being mounted on the derrick (11); the slag removal device (8) is a bucket device or a scraper conveyor, the upper end of the slag removal device (8) is hinged to the bottom of the rotary frame (5), and the slag removal device (8) can swing radially along the rotary frame (5); The first suspension rope wound on the first hoist (12) passes around the corresponding first sheave (13) and is connected to a bucket (16). The slag discharge device (8) can cooperate with the bucket (16) to discharge slag.

6. The shaft excavation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A support shoe device (4) is also provided between the rear supporting platform (3) and the slewing frame (5), and the support shoe device (4) is rotatably connected to the slewing frame (5).

7. The shaft excavation system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The support shoe device (4) includes an annular support shoe support frame (41) and multiple sets of support shoe structures (42) circumferentially spaced on the support shoe support frame (41). The support shoe structures (42) can move radially along the slewing frame (5) and can be used to brace against the well wall. The bottom of the rear supporting platform (3) is connected to the top of the support shoe support frame (41), and the support shoe support frame (41) is connected to the slewing frame (5) through a slewing bearing (43).

8. The shaft excavation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rear supporting device (31) includes a bolt drilling rig (311) and a shotcrete support device (312).

9. The shaft excavation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shaft excavation system also includes a ground derrick system (1), which includes a derrick (11), at least one second hoist (14), and at least one second wheel (15), which is mounted on the derrick (11); The second suspension rope wound on the second hoist (14) passes around the corresponding second second wheel (15) and is connected to a casting template (17).

10. A method for excavating and constructing a vertical shaft, characterized in that, The shaft excavation system as described in any one of claims 1-9 is used for construction, and the shaft excavation construction method includes: S1. Use the lifting drive device (21) to drive the rotary drive device (22) to descend, so as to drive the downhole main unit system to descend through the drill pipe device (23) and so that the excavation device (6) can be inserted into the excavation face at a preset depth. S2. Excavation operation is carried out using the excavation device (6); S3. Use the slag removal device (8) to clean up the rock slag; S4. If the stroke of a drill rod section is used up, the lifting drive device (21) drives the rotary drive device (22) to rise, and a drill rod section is connected above the current top drill rod. Then the connected drill rod is connected to the rotary drive device (22). S5. Repeat steps S1-S4 until the excavation reaches the preset excavation depth. S6. Use the lifting drive device (21) to drive the rotary drive device (22) to rise so as to move the drill rod device (23) upward; S7. Remove the top section of the drill pipe; S8. Repeat steps S6 and S7 until the downhole main unit system is successfully discharged from the well.

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