Efficient liquid hydrogen vaporization method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen vaporization, and discloses a high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method which comprises the following steps: monitoring the temperature, flow and pressure of liquid hydrogen in real time; a self-adaptive feedback control system is adopted, and the liquid hydrogen flow and the working state of a heat exchanger are adjusted according to monitored data; the design of the heat exchanger is optimized by utilizing the quantum thermodynamics principle; the flow state of liquid hydrogen is simulated through the computational fluid mechanics technology, and the flow path of the liquid hydrogen in the heat exchanger is optimized; a heat pump effect is introduced, heat is extracted from a low-temperature environment through a reverse Carnot cycle and is transmitted to liquid hydrogen, and the self-adaptive feedback control system processes real-time data of the temperature, the flow and the pressure of the liquid hydrogen through a fuzzy control algorithm. Through the self-adaptive feedback control system, the temperature, flow and pressure of the liquid hydrogen are monitored in real time, and the flow of the liquid hydrogen and the working state of the heat exchanger are automatically adjusted according to data, so that the effect of accurately controlling the vaporization process of the liquid hydrogen is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen vaporization, in particular to a high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method. Background Art

[0002] Liquid hydrogen refers to liquid hydrogen obtained by liquefying hydrogen at extremely low temperatures. It is usually in liquid form at a temperature of about -253°C. Liquid hydrogen has the advantages of high density, convenient storage and transportation, and is therefore widely used in aerospace, hydrogen energy and other fields. As a clean energy, liquid hydrogen has become an important choice for future energy conversion and storage due to its zero emissions and high energy density.

[0003] However, the use of liquid hydrogen usually requires it to be converted from liquid to gas for application. In this process, the vaporization technology of liquid hydrogen is particularly important. Liquid hydrogen vaporization is mainly achieved by heating liquid hydrogen to raise its temperature above its boiling point, thereby converting liquid hydrogen into gaseous hydrogen. In the prior art, the vaporization methods of liquid hydrogen are generally divided into several types: heating methods based on heat exchangers, direct heating methods, and methods that rely on heating of the fuel cell stack.

[0004] Among the traditional methods of vaporizing liquid hydrogen, the most common approach is to use an external heat source to heat the liquid hydrogen to the vaporization temperature. Such methods usually rely on a heat exchanger to complete the vaporization by exchanging heat between the heat source and the liquid hydrogen. Although these methods can achieve the vaporization of liquid hydrogen, they face some problems. First, the heat source is often unstable, and the temperature of the liquid hydrogen will fluctuate, which in turn affects the vaporization efficiency. Secondly, the design of the heat exchanger mostly uses traditional materials with low thermal conductivity, resulting in poor heat transfer efficiency, which in turn increases energy consumption.

[0005] In addition, the flow stability of liquid hydrogen is also an important factor in the process of liquid hydrogen vaporization. Existing liquid hydrogen flow control systems often lack effective design, resulting in turbulence or uneven flow of liquid hydrogen in the pipeline, which affects the uniformity of heat transfer and further reduces the efficiency of liquid hydrogen vaporization.

[0006] At the same time, the traditional liquid hydrogen vaporization system mainly relies on external heat sources to provide heat, which leads to high energy consumption and dependence on ambient temperature. In some cold environments, the effect of the external heat source will be greatly reduced, which in turn affects the smooth vaporization of liquid hydrogen. Therefore, the existing technology still has major deficiencies in the stability, thermal efficiency and energy efficiency of liquid hydrogen vaporization.

[0007] To this end, the present invention proposes a high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method to solve the deficiencies of the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method, which solves the problems of low liquid hydrogen vaporization efficiency, high energy consumption and poor system stability in the prior art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions: A high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Real-time monitoring of the temperature, flow rate and pressure of liquid hydrogen;

[0011] S2, using an adaptive feedback control system to adjust the liquid hydrogen flow and the working state of the heat exchanger according to the monitored data;

[0012] S3. Optimize the design of heat exchangers using the principles of quantum thermodynamics;

[0013] S4. Use computational fluid dynamics technology to simulate the flow state of liquid hydrogen and optimize the flow path of liquid hydrogen in the heat exchanger;

[0014] S5. Introduce the heat pump effect to extract heat from the low-temperature environment through the reverse Carnot cycle and transfer it to liquid hydrogen.

[0015] Preferably, the adaptive feedback control system processes real-time data of liquid hydrogen temperature, flow rate and pressure through a fuzzy control algorithm, and automatically calculates and outputs an optimal control signal based on the data.

[0016] Preferably, the quantum thermodynamics principle optimizes the heat transfer capacity of the heat exchanger through quantum tunneling effect and quantum thermal conductivity effect, and the heat exchanger uses graphene film or carbon nanotubes as thermal conductive materials.

[0017] Preferably, the computational fluid dynamics technology simulates the velocity, pressure and temperature distribution of the liquid hydrogen flow according to the Navier-Stokes equations to optimize the design of the heat exchanger flow channel.

[0018] Preferably, the heat pump effect extracts heat in a low temperature environment and transfers it to liquid hydrogen through the reverse Carnot cycle principle.

[0019] Preferably, the feedback control system automatically adjusts the liquid hydrogen flow rate and the working state of the heat exchanger by setting thresholds of liquid hydrogen temperature, flow rate and pressure.

[0020] Preferably, the arrangement structure of the nanomaterials in the heat exchanger is optimized to reduce thermal resistance and improve heat transfer efficiency.

[0021] Preferably, the adaptive feedback control system controls the temperature and flow rate of liquid hydrogen in each stage of vaporization based on real-time monitoring data and fuzzy logic calculation results.

[0022] Preferably, the heat pump system adjusts the working parameters of the reverse Carnot cycle to achieve that liquid hydrogen can maintain an efficient vaporization state under different temperature conditions.

[0023] The present invention provides a high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The present invention achieves the effect of accurately controlling the liquid hydrogen vaporization process by using an adaptive feedback control system to monitor the temperature, flow rate and pressure of liquid hydrogen in real time and automatically adjust the liquid hydrogen flow rate and the working state of the heat exchanger according to the data. Compared with the traditional fixed temperature control system in the prior art, this solution solves the problem of unstable vaporization efficiency caused by liquid hydrogen temperature fluctuations, so that the liquid hydrogen vaporization process always remains in the best operating state.

[0025] 2. The quantum thermodynamics principle of the present invention optimizes the design of the heat exchanger, adopts high thermal conductivity materials and nanostructures, and significantly improves the heat transfer efficiency. Compared with the heat exchangers using traditional materials and designs in the prior art, this solution solves the problems of uneven heat transfer and low efficiency, ensuring that liquid hydrogen can be vaporized more quickly and efficiently.

[0026] 3. The present invention introduces the heat pump effect, extracts heat from the low-temperature environment through the reverse Carnot cycle and transfers it to liquid hydrogen, achieving the technical effect of efficient vaporization even in a low-temperature environment. Compared with traditional technical solutions that rely on high-temperature heat sources, this innovation reduces dependence on external heat sources, reduces energy consumption, and improves the energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0027] 4. The present invention uses computational fluid dynamics technology to simulate the flow state of liquid hydrogen and optimize the flow path of liquid hydrogen in the heat exchanger, which significantly improves the flow stability and heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger. Compared with the solutions with imperfect flow channel design in the prior art, the present invention effectively reduces the turbulence and uneven flow in the liquid hydrogen flow, ensuring uniform heat transfer and efficient vaporization of liquid hydrogen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the steps of a high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Please see attached Figure 1The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for efficiently vaporizing liquid hydrogen, comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1. Real-time monitoring of the temperature, flow rate and pressure of liquid hydrogen;

[0032] In the high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method of the present invention, it is first necessary to monitor the important parameters of liquid hydrogen such as temperature, flow rate and pressure in real time. This process is the basis for the system to accurately adjust the liquid hydrogen vaporization process. Through this monitoring step, the system can obtain real-time data on the state of liquid hydrogen and provide a key basis for subsequent adaptive feedback control, heat exchanger design optimization, fluid dynamics simulation and effective application of heat pump effect.

[0033] In this embodiment, the real-time monitoring of the temperature, flow rate and pressure of the liquid hydrogen is accomplished by a plurality of sensors, which are respectively installed at different positions of the liquid hydrogen circulation pipeline and can accurately measure the temperature, flow rate and pressure of the liquid hydrogen in various states.

[0034] Specifically, the temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of liquid hydrogen in real time, the flow meter is used to measure the flow rate of liquid hydrogen, and the pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure of liquid hydrogen in the pipeline. The data from these sensors will be fed back to the system controller in real time, and the controller will determine the actual state of liquid hydrogen based on these data.

[0035] Generally speaking, temperature, flow rate and pressure are the key factors affecting the vaporization efficiency of liquid hydrogen. Therefore, the accuracy of monitoring data is crucial to the performance of the entire system.

[0036] Specifically, the temperature range of liquid hydrogen is generally controlled within a narrow range, usually close to the boiling point of liquid hydrogen. The flow rate of liquid hydrogen needs to be adjusted according to the needs of the system to ensure that the liquid hydrogen can be vaporized continuously and stably. The pressure of liquid hydrogen will also affect the vaporization rate of liquid hydrogen, so it must be strictly monitored.

[0037] In a possible implementation, the sensor is connected to the control system in real time via a communication module. The control system calculates the actual state of the liquid hydrogen based on the data fed back by the sensor, and provides a basis for subsequent adjustments.

[0038] For example, the temperature sensor measures the temperature T of liquid hydrogen. LH , the flow meter measures the flow rate Q of liquid hydrogen LH , while the pressure sensor monitors the pressure of liquid hydrogen in real time LH .

[0039] After these data are processed by the control system, corresponding adjustment signals are output to adjust the liquid hydrogen flow, temperature or pressure in subsequent steps.

[0040] In liquid hydrogen temperature monitoring, the reading of the temperature sensor can be expressed as:

[0041] T LH =f(T sensor )

[0042] Among them, T sensor represents the temperature detected by the sensor, and f(·) is the mapping function between the sensor and the actual liquid hydrogen temperature.

[0043] For flow monitoring, the flow meter reading can be expressed as:

[0044] Q LH =f(Q sensor )

[0045] Among them, Q sensor is the flow rate value detected by the flow meter, and f(·) is the mapping function between the flow meter and the actual liquid hydrogen flow rate.

[0046] In pressure monitoring, the reading of the pressure sensor can be expressed as:

[0047] P LH =f(P sensor )

[0048] Among them, P sensor is the pressure value measured by the sensor, and f(·) is the mapping function between the pressure sensor and the actual pressure of liquid hydrogen.

[0049] In this embodiment, the real-time data of liquid hydrogen temperature, flow rate and pressure are transmitted to the control system through a standardized communication protocol. The control system performs real-time calculations based on these data to determine the current state of liquid hydrogen and provide important references for subsequent adjustments. This monitoring step provides the necessary basic data for the effective operation of the subsequent adaptive feedback control system.

[0050] In an alternative implementation, sensors for temperature, flow, and pressure may use a standard interface that is compatible with the control system, ensuring that data can be accurately and quickly transmitted to the system.

[0051] Temperature sensors can be thermocouples or RTD types, flow meters can be turbine flow meters or ultrasonic flow meters, and pressure sensors can be piezoelectric or capacitive sensors. All of these sensors can provide high-precision, high-response speed monitoring data, ensuring that the system can quickly respond to changes in the state of liquid hydrogen.

[0052] Specifically, the sensor can feed back signals to the adaptive feedback control system through a closed-loop system, and the system will automatically adjust the liquid hydrogen flow rate or the working state of the heat exchanger according to the changes in the sensor data. In this way, the temperature, flow rate and pressure of the liquid hydrogen are always kept within the optimal range, thereby ensuring efficient and stable vaporization of the liquid hydrogen.

[0053] S2, using an adaptive feedback control system to adjust the liquid hydrogen flow and the working state of the heat exchanger according to the monitored data;

[0054] In the method of the present invention, real-time monitoring of the temperature, flow rate and pressure of liquid hydrogen (step S1) provides necessary data support for subsequent adaptive feedback control. Step S2 is to further adjust the liquid hydrogen state data obtained in the aforementioned step S1 through an adaptive feedback control system to ensure that the liquid hydrogen can be vaporized stably and efficiently.

[0055] Specifically, the control system ensures that liquid hydrogen is vaporized under optimal conditions by adjusting the liquid hydrogen flow rate and the working state of the heat exchanger, thereby improving the liquid hydrogen vaporization efficiency and avoiding instability caused by excessively high or low flow rate, temperature or pressure.

[0056] In this embodiment, the feedback control system includes an adaptive control module, which uses the real-time data from step S1 to automatically adjust the liquid hydrogen flow rate and the operating parameters of the heat exchanger.

[0057] Specifically, after data such as the temperature, flow rate and pressure of liquid hydrogen are input into the control system, the system calculates the actual state of the liquid hydrogen based on these data and decides how to adjust the flow rate and the working state of the heat exchanger to maintain the optimal operating conditions during the liquid hydrogen vaporization process. This process is calculated in real time through the fuzzy logic of the control system or other suitable algorithms.

[0058] Generally, when the temperature of liquid hydrogen changes greatly or the system load fluctuates, the liquid hydrogen flow rate or the power of the heat exchanger may need to be adjusted. In order to ensure that liquid hydrogen can be vaporized stably and efficiently, the control system needs to judge the current status based on real-time data and make appropriate adjustments.

[0059] For example, if the temperature of liquid hydrogen is low, the system may need to increase the heating power of the heat exchanger or increase the flow rate of liquid hydrogen to ensure that sufficient heat is transferred to the liquid hydrogen to accelerate the vaporization process. Conversely, if the temperature of liquid hydrogen is too high, the control system may reduce the flow rate or reduce the power of the heat exchanger to avoid overheating.

[0060] As an option, the control system can use fuzzy logic control (FLC) algorithm to process the temperature, flow and pressure data of liquid hydrogen. Fuzzy control can adapt to the nonlinear characteristics of the system and flexibly respond to various changes in the liquid hydrogen vaporization process. The core of the fuzzy controller is to make decisions for the system based on the current monitoring data and output control signals through the set fuzzy rule base.

[0061] Specifically, the fuzzy rule base can formulate a series of control rules according to the real-time status of liquid hydrogen, such as "if the liquid hydrogen temperature is low, increase the heat exchanger power" or "if the flow rate is too low, increase the flow rate." The controller outputs corresponding adjustment signals based on these rules to adjust the flow rate and the working status of the heat exchanger.

[0062] Specifically, the control system calculates the target parameters (such as flow adjustment value and heat exchanger power) based on the liquid hydrogen temperature, flow rate and pressure parameters fed back by the sensor. The calculation formula can be expressed as follows:

[0063] ΔQ LH =f(T LH ,P LH ,Q LH )

[0064] Among them, ΔQ LH is the liquid hydrogen flow adjustment value, T LH , P LH , Q LH are the temperature, pressure and flow rate of liquid hydrogen respectively, and f(·) is the regulation function calculated by the control system based on fuzzy rules or other algorithms.

[0065] In addition, the adjustment of heat exchanger power can also be obtained by a similar calculation method:

[0066] ΔP HE =g(T LH ,Q LH ,P LH )

[0067] Among them, ΔP HE is the heat exchanger power adjustment value, and g(·) is the heat exchanger power adjustment function.

[0068] In some embodiments, in order to ensure rapid response and efficient adjustment of the system, the control system can also use a PID (proportional-integral-differential) control algorithm to adjust the flow rate and heat exchanger power. The PID control algorithm quickly obtains the adjustment amount by comprehensively calculating the real-time monitoring and historical data of the liquid hydrogen state, ensuring that the liquid hydrogen is always maintained within the appropriate temperature, flow rate and pressure range during the vaporization process.

[0069] In one possible implementation, the control system can also combine historical data and prediction algorithms to predict the changing trend of the liquid hydrogen vaporization process and make adjustments in advance to avoid drastic fluctuations in the liquid hydrogen state. The predictive control method can be implemented by introducing a mathematical model of the liquid hydrogen vaporization process or a prediction model based on machine learning.

[0070] Specifically, the control system dynamically adjusts the liquid hydrogen flow and heat exchanger power by comparing the predicted values ​​of temperature, flow and pressure with real-time data, further improving the system's adaptability and stability.

[0071] For example, if it is predicted that the temperature of liquid hydrogen will be low at the next moment, the system can increase the heat exchanger power or liquid hydrogen flow rate in advance to reduce the impact of low temperature on the vaporization process.

[0072] In this embodiment, all these adjustment processes are subject to real-time, automatic feedback control during the liquid hydrogen vaporization process without manual intervention. This control method can effectively improve the vaporization efficiency of liquid hydrogen while reducing energy waste and system instability.

[0073] Through the application of this feedback control system, the temperature, flow rate and pressure of liquid hydrogen can be maintained within the optimal range throughout the vaporization process, thereby ensuring efficient energy conversion and high stability during the vaporization process of liquid hydrogen.

[0074] S3. Optimize the design of heat exchangers using the principles of quantum thermodynamics;

[0075] In the aforementioned steps, by real-time monitoring of the temperature, flow rate and pressure of liquid hydrogen (step S1) and the adaptive feedback control system adjusting the liquid hydrogen flow rate and the working state of the heat exchanger (step S2), the present invention further utilizes the principles of quantum thermodynamics to optimize the design of the heat exchanger to maximize the heat transfer efficiency, thereby improving the vaporization efficiency of liquid hydrogen.

[0076] Specifically, the design of the heat exchanger is optimized in this step to efficiently transfer heat from the heat source to the liquid hydrogen in a shorter time, thereby accelerating the vaporization process of the liquid hydrogen.

[0077] In this embodiment, the design optimization of the heat exchanger is based on the core principles of quantum thermodynamics, including quantum tunneling effect and quantum thermal conductivity effect.

[0078] Specifically, by using nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene films inside the heat exchanger to improve its thermal conductivity and optimize the microstructure of the heat exchanger, this optimized design enables heat to be transferred from the heat source to liquid hydrogen with higher efficiency, avoiding the heat loss problem existing in traditional designs.

[0079] In general, the design of the heat exchanger must ensure rapid and uniform heat transfer, especially the vaporization process of liquid hydrogen requires a large amount of heat input.

[0080] Liquid hydrogen has a high latent heat of vaporization, so the heat exchanger needs to provide heat effectively and efficiently to maintain the continuous vaporization of liquid hydrogen. Through the introduction of quantum thermodynamics principles, the design of the heat exchanger not only focuses on improving thermal conductivity, but also considers the optimization of the heat transfer path between liquid hydrogen and the heat source.

[0081] As an alternative, the heat exchanger's optimized design uses the theory of "quantum tunneling" in quantum thermodynamics. The quantum tunneling effect describes the phenomenon that particles, when encountering a potential obstacle, may pass through the obstacle instead of going around it.

[0082] In the design of heat exchangers, the use of nanomaterials with quantum tunneling effects can make heat transfer at the microscopic scale more efficient. Through this effect, heat can penetrate the originally relatively isolated heat conduction path, thereby reducing heat loss.

[0083] Specifically, the application of quantum thermal conductivity effect in nanomaterials enables these materials to have higher thermal conductivity in low-temperature environments. Nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes can provide more stable and efficient heat transfer channels during the vaporization process of liquid hydrogen due to their excellent thermal conductivity.

[0084] The nanostructure design inside the heat exchanger can optimize the heat transfer efficiency between liquid hydrogen and the heat source and reduce heat loss caused by temperature difference.

[0085] In one possible implementation, the heat exchanger is designed to use carbon nanotube arrays or graphene films as heat transfer media. These nanomaterials can greatly improve the overall thermal conductivity of the heat exchanger, and have a higher specific surface area, which can fully contact with liquid hydrogen in a shorter time, thereby increasing the heat transfer rate.

[0086] Specifically, the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes can be several times that of conventional materials, and the thermal conductivity of graphene is the highest among currently known materials. These properties make it an ideal material for optimizing heat exchanger design.

[0087] Heat transfer efficiency Q of heat exchanger heat It can be expressed as:

[0088] Q heat = k·A·ΔT

[0089] Among them, k is the thermal conductivity coefficient, which represents the thermal conductivity of the material, A is the effective heat exchange area of ​​the heat exchanger, and ΔT is the temperature difference between liquid hydrogen and the heat source.

[0090] When optimizing heat exchanger design, increasing the value of k and thus Q can be achieved by selecting highly thermally conductive materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes. heat , thereby improving heat transfer efficiency.

[0091] By optimizing the material and structural design inside the heat exchanger, A can be further expanded, and the heat transfer rate can be controlled by controlling the temperature difference ΔT between liquid hydrogen and the heat source.

[0092] In one possible implementation, in addition to the selection of materials, the efficiency of heat transfer is further improved by optimizing the internal structure of the heat exchanger, such as increasing the surface area through microstructure design or adopting a multi-stage heat exchange solution.

[0093] This design not only optimizes the vaporization rate of liquid hydrogen, but also provides a stable heat conduction channel between the heat source and liquid hydrogen, ensuring that heat transfer is not uneven, thereby avoiding a decrease in vaporization efficiency due to local overheating or overcooling.

[0094] As another option, the design of the heat exchanger can combine the quantum thermal conductivity effect and nano heat conduction technology to adopt a multi-layer composite structure. The materials of each layer can be optimized according to different heat conduction requirements.

[0095] For example, graphene is used as the main thermal conductive material on the heat source side, while carbon nanotube arrays with a higher specific surface area are used on the liquid hydrogen contact side. Through this composite design, the heat transfer efficiency during the liquid hydrogen vaporization process can be further improved.

[0096] S4. Use computational fluid dynamics technology to simulate the flow state of liquid hydrogen and optimize the flow path of liquid hydrogen in the heat exchanger;

[0097] In the aforementioned steps S1 and S2, the temperature, flow rate and pressure data of the liquid hydrogen have been monitored in real time by sensors and adjusted by the feedback control system. Based on these data, step S4 simulates the flow state of the liquid hydrogen by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology to further optimize the flow path of the liquid hydrogen in the heat exchanger. Through this process, the turbulence in the flow of liquid hydrogen can be reduced, ensuring that the heat transfer process is more stable and uniform, thereby improving the vaporization efficiency of the liquid hydrogen.

[0098] In this embodiment, CFD technology is used to simulate the flow of liquid hydrogen in the heat exchanger and calculate the velocity field, pressure field and temperature field of the liquid hydrogen flow. Through CFD simulation, it is possible to predict the flow pattern of liquid hydrogen in the heat exchanger, analyze the possible flow unevenness and turbulence phenomena, and optimize the flow channel design of the heat exchanger based on these results.

[0099] Specifically, CFD simulation takes into account factors such as the heat exchange effect between liquid hydrogen and the heat source, the viscosity of the fluid, the flow velocity, and the temperature distribution.

[0100] In general, the flow state of liquid hydrogen directly affects the efficiency of the heat exchanger. The flow of liquid hydrogen in a heat exchanger is usually complex, and there may be turbulence, uneven flow, etc., which will lead to reduced heat transfer efficiency. Therefore, in step S4, CFD simulation simulates the flow state of liquid hydrogen, which plays an important role in optimizing the design of the heat exchanger and improving the heat exchange efficiency. Through this simulation, unstable factors in the flow process of liquid hydrogen can be discovered and eliminated, ensuring that the flow of liquid hydrogen is more stable, thereby improving the efficiency of the entire vaporization process.

[0101] Alternatively, CFD simulations can employ common numerical solutions, such as the standard model based on the Navier-Stokes equations to simulate liquid hydrogen flows.

[0102] The Navier-Stokes equation can accurately describe the velocity, pressure and temperature distribution in the flow of liquid hydrogen, and then calculate the flow state of liquid hydrogen in the heat exchanger. Specifically, the Navier-Stokes equation can be expressed as:

[0103]

[0104] Among them, ρ is the density of liquid hydrogen, v is the flow velocity vector of liquid hydrogen, p is the pressure of liquid hydrogen, μ is the dynamic viscosity of liquid hydrogen, and f is the external force.

[0105] By numerically solving the Navier-Stokes equation, detailed information on the flow state of liquid hydrogen is obtained, and the flow channel design in the heat exchanger is further optimized.

[0106] Specifically, during the CFD simulation process, the flow path of liquid hydrogen can be optimized by adjusting the geometry of the flow channel inside the heat exchanger. For example, a gradual flow channel design can be used to reduce the sharply changing flow channel section to reduce the occurrence of turbulence;

[0107] Alternatively, by setting up multiple parallel flow channels, liquid hydrogen can be more evenly distributed to each area of ​​the heat exchanger. These designs can significantly improve the flow state of liquid hydrogen, reduce uneven heat distribution, and improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0108] In one possible implementation, CFD simulation can be combined with turbulence models (such as the Reynolds-averaged equations, RANS models) to further simulate and optimize the turbulent behavior of liquid hydrogen. Turbulence is a complex phenomenon in liquid hydrogen flow that may lead to flow instability and decreased heat transfer efficiency.

[0109] Therefore, simulating the flow state through the turbulence model can help design a more efficient flow path layout and reduce the impact of turbulence on system efficiency.

[0110] The Reynolds average equation in the turbulence model is expressed as:

[0111]

[0112] in, is the average velocity component of liquid hydrogen flow, u′ i u′ j is the turbulent momentum stress term.

[0113] By optimizing the flow channel design, the occurrence of turbulence can be reduced and the flow path of liquid hydrogen can be optimized, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0114] In some embodiments, CFD simulation can also be combined with optimization algorithms to further optimize the flow channel design. For example, optimization methods such as genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization (PSO) can be used to find the optimal flow channel shape and layout after multiple simulation calculations. These optimization methods can select the most suitable solution from multiple design solutions, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the liquid hydrogen vaporization process.

[0115] S5, introduce the heat pump effect, extract heat from the low temperature environment through the reverse Carnot cycle, and transfer it to liquid hydrogen;

[0116] In the aforementioned step S3, more efficient heat transfer has been achieved by optimizing the design of the heat exchanger through quantum thermodynamics. On this basis, step S5 further improves the vaporization efficiency of liquid hydrogen by introducing a heat pump effect, especially a reverse Carnot cycle.

[0117] The core of the heat pump effect is to extract heat from the low-temperature environment and transfer it to liquid hydrogen, thereby accelerating the vaporization process of liquid hydrogen. In this way, the thermal energy in the low-temperature environment can be effectively utilized, reducing dependence on traditional external heat sources and improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0118] In this embodiment, the heat pump system adopts the reverse Carnot cycle principle, which absorbs heat from the low-temperature environment and transfers it to the liquid hydrogen, so that the liquid hydrogen obtains more heat, thereby accelerating its vaporization. During the operation of the heat pump, the heat exchange between the liquid hydrogen and the low-temperature environment is completed through the heat pump system, and the liquid hydrogen can also obtain sufficient heat in the low-temperature environment to improve the vaporization efficiency.

[0119] Specifically, the heat pump system includes components such as compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator. In the heat pump system, the refrigerant in the low-temperature area absorbs heat from the low-temperature environment through the evaporator, enters the compressor to be compressed, and then releases the heat into the liquid hydrogen through the condenser.

[0120] In this way, the heat pump can effectively extract heat from the low-temperature environment and transfer it to the liquid hydrogen, thereby increasing the vaporization rate of the liquid hydrogen.

[0121] In some embodiments, the working principle of the heat pump is based on the reverse Carnot cycle, and its thermal efficiency (η) can be calculated by the following formula:

[0122]

[0123] Where η is the efficiency of the heat pump, T cold is the temperature of the low temperature environment, T hot is the temperature of the high temperature environment where liquid hydrogen is located.

[0124] Specifically, the reverse Carnot cycle theory points out that the amount of heat that a heat pump can extract from a low-temperature environment is limited, and its efficiency is inversely proportional to the temperature difference between low and high temperatures. Therefore, choosing the right temperature difference is one of the key factors in improving the efficiency of the heat pump effect.

[0125] By designing a reasonable heat pump system and optimizing the temperature control of the liquid hydrogen vaporization process, the energy efficiency improvement brought by the heat pump effect can be maximized.

[0126] As an option, the heat pump system can combine data such as the temperature, flow rate and pressure of liquid hydrogen to automatically adjust the operating status of the heat pump through a feedback control system.

[0127] For example, when the temperature of liquid hydrogen is low, the control system can automatically increase the power of the heat pump to ensure that the liquid hydrogen can quickly reach the required temperature and vaporize at the optimal temperature.

[0128] Specifically, changes in liquid hydrogen temperature can be monitored in real time through sensors and fed back to the heat pump system. The control system automatically adjusts the heat pump power according to temperature changes.

[0129] Generally, heat from the low-temperature environment is extracted through a heat pump system of the reverse Carnot cycle and transferred to liquid hydrogen. This process not only improves the vaporization efficiency of liquid hydrogen, but also avoids the reliance on external heat sources in traditional heating methods. In this way, the heat pump system can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the system and improve the overall energy efficiency.

[0130] Specifically, after the heat pump effect is introduced, the vaporization process of liquid hydrogen will become more efficient and stable. Under the action of the heat pump system, the temperature of liquid hydrogen can be maintained in a relatively stable range, avoiding large fluctuations in the temperature of liquid hydrogen due to changes in the external environment. Therefore, the introduction of the heat pump system not only improves the vaporization efficiency of liquid hydrogen, but also enhances the stability of the system.

[0131] In one possible implementation, the design of the heat pump could incorporate advanced materials and technologies to further improve efficiency.

[0132] For example, the use of low-temperature heat transfer materials and high-efficiency compressors can further improve the energy efficiency of the heat pump, making the vaporization process of liquid hydrogen more efficient. The heat pump system is combined with the dynamic feedback adjustment of the temperature, flow rate and pressure of liquid hydrogen, so that the entire system can automatically adapt to changes under different working conditions, thereby always maintaining the best liquid hydrogen vaporization efficiency under different working conditions.

[0133] Through the application of this heat pump effect, the present invention can efficiently utilize the heat in the low-temperature environment, reduce the demand for external energy, and reduce the energy consumption of the system, thereby making the liquid hydrogen vaporization process more economical and sustainable. At the same time, the introduction of the heat pump effect also enhances the adaptive ability of the system, enabling it to flexibly respond to changes in the external environment and improve the intelligence level of the system.

[0134] In summary, the present invention provides a high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method, which significantly improves the efficiency and stability of the liquid hydrogen vaporization process by integrating an adaptive feedback control system, quantum thermodynamic optimization design, fluid dynamics simulation, and heat pump effect technology. The method monitors the temperature, flow rate, and pressure of liquid hydrogen in real time, dynamically adjusts the liquid hydrogen flow rate and the state of the heat exchanger, and ensures that the liquid hydrogen is vaporized under optimal conditions. At the same time, the heat exchanger design is optimized using the principles of quantum thermodynamics to improve the heat transfer efficiency and reduce heat loss. The heat pump effect is introduced to extract heat from the low-temperature environment through the reverse Carnot cycle and effectively transfer it to the liquid hydrogen, further improving the vaporization efficiency. In addition, computational fluid dynamics technology is used to optimize the liquid hydrogen flow path to ensure that the heat exchange process is uniform and efficient. The overall solution not only improves the vaporization efficiency of liquid hydrogen, but also reduces energy consumption, and has high energy efficiency and stability.

[0135] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Real-time monitoring of liquid hydrogen temperature, flow rate and pressure; Adopting adaptive feedback control system to adjust liquid hydrogen flow and working state of heat exchanger according to monitored data; Using quantum thermodynamic principles to optimize the design of heat exchangers; Computational fluid dynamics technology is used to simulate the flow state of liquid hydrogen and optimize the flow path of liquid hydrogen in the heat exchanger; The heat pump effect is introduced to extract heat from the low-temperature environment through the reverse Carnot cycle and transfer it to liquid hydrogen.

2. A high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive feedback control system processes the real-time data of liquid hydrogen temperature, flow rate and pressure through a fuzzy control algorithm, and automatically calculates and outputs an optimal control signal based on the data.

3. The high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum thermodynamics principle optimizes the heat transfer capacity of the heat exchanger through the quantum tunneling effect and the quantum thermal conductivity effect. The heat exchanger uses graphene film or carbon nanotube as a thermal conductive material.

4. The high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The computational fluid dynamics technology simulates the velocity, pressure and temperature distribution of liquid hydrogen flow according to the Navier-Stokes equations, and optimizes the design of the heat exchanger flow channel.

5. The high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat pump effect extracts heat in a low temperature environment and transfers it to liquid hydrogen through the reverse Carnot cycle principle.

6. The high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feedback control system automatically adjusts the liquid hydrogen flow rate and the working state of the heat exchanger by setting thresholds of liquid hydrogen temperature, flow rate and pressure.

7. The high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arrangement structure of the nanomaterials in the heat exchanger is optimized to reduce thermal resistance and improve heat transfer efficiency.

8. The high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive feedback control system controls the temperature and flow rate of liquid hydrogen in each stage of vaporization based on real-time monitoring data and fuzzy logic calculation results.

9. The high-efficiency liquid hydrogen vaporization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat pump effect adjusts the working parameters of the reverse Carnot cycle to achieve that liquid hydrogen can maintain an efficient vaporization state under different temperature conditions.

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