A pulse detonation based combined cooling, heating and power system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of energy cascade utilization, and discloses a cold heat and power cogeneration system based on pulse detonation, which comprises a pulse detonation turbine engine, which is used for mixing and burning compressed external air and injected fuel to generate fuel gas with a first pressure; and an air compression device, which is used for performing secondary work compression on the work-compressed external air to generate compressed air with a second pressure, and inputting the compressed air into a bearing cavity, a turbine disc cavity and turbine blades in the pulse detonation turbine engine, the second pressure being higher than the first pressure. The air compression device outputs air with a pressure higher than the pressure of the fuel gas in the pulse detonation turbine engine, so that the pressure requirement can be met, the internal cavities of the pulse detonation turbine engine are sealed, the blades are cooled, the output power caused by the increase of the traditional mechanical structure can be avoided, and the cycle thermal efficiency and the thermal-to-electric efficiency can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy cascade utilization technology, specifically to a combined cooling, heating and power system based on pulse detonation. Background Technology

[0002] Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems are energy supply systems that integrate heating, cooling, and power generation processes based on cascaded energy utilization. Currently, conventional CCHP systems consist of a gas turbine / boiler, generator, refrigerant, heat exchanger, and control system. In the gas turbine, the rotor components rely on bearings for positioning and rotation. These bearings operate under certain temperature limitations. To prevent bearing failure due to high temperatures, a portion of the gas is typically introduced from the compressor outlet as a sealing gas to prevent high-temperature combustion gases from entering the bearing cavity. Additionally, a portion of the compressor outlet airflow is introduced into the turbine blades to form a cooling film, isolating the high-temperature combustion gases and preventing turbine blade erosion. However, gas turbines rely on isobaric combustion, resulting in low cycle thermal efficiency and limited potential for significant improvement in heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency.

[0003] In existing technologies, under the same engine inlet parameters, pulse detonation turbine engines based on isochoric combustion have higher cycle thermal efficiency and heat-to-electricity efficiency than gas turbines based on isobaric combustion, which can effectively improve power generation quality. However, there are a series of practical application problems with pulse detonation turbine engines. For example, it is necessary to seal the turbine disk cavity, bearing cavity, and other cavities with bleed air to prevent high-temperature gas from entering the cavity and causing component failure. After compression by the compressor, the gas flow temperature can reach 800-900K, and the temperature can be further increased by about 1000K when mixed with fuel for combustion. At this point, the turbine blades need to be cooled to prevent blade ablation. Therefore, in gas turbines, a portion of the compressor outlet gas flow (the highest pressure point) is often drawn out to seal the cavity and cool the turbine blades. However, pulse detonation has a self-pressurizing characteristic, and the highest pressure point is at the detonation chamber outlet. Drawing out gas from the compressor outlet for sealing and cooling cannot meet the pressure requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a combined cooling, heating and power system based on pulse detonation to solve the problem of sealing and cooling that cannot be achieved when using a pulse detonation turbine engine.

[0005] This invention provides a combined cooling, heating and power system based on pulse detonation, the system comprising:

[0006] The pulse detonation turbine engine is used to compress the input outside air and mix and burn the compressed outside air with the injected fuel to generate combustion gas at the first pressure.

[0007] An air compression device is connected to a pulse detonation turbine engine to perform secondary compression on the outside air after it has been compressed, generating compressed air at a second pressure. This compressed air is then input into the bearing cavity, turbine disk cavity, and turbine blades within the pulse detonation turbine engine. The second pressure is higher than the first pressure.

[0008] The pulse detonation-based combined cooling, heating, and power system provided in this invention utilizes a pulse detonation turbine engine to compress incoming ambient air. This compressed air is then mixed with injected fuel for combustion, generating combustion gas at a first pressure. Simultaneously, an air compressor further compresses the compressed air to generate compressed air at a second pressure, which is then supplied to the bearing chamber, turbine disk chamber, and turbine blades within the pulse detonation turbine engine. This invention outputs air at a pressure higher than the combustion gas pressure within the pulse detonation turbine engine, meeting pressure requirements and effectively sealing the internal cavities of the pulse detonation turbine engine while cooling the blades. This avoids the reduction in output power caused by adding traditional mechanical structures and effectively improves cycle thermal efficiency and heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency.

[0009] In one optional embodiment, the pulse detonation turbine engine includes: an intake manifold for inputting ambient air; a compressor for compressing the ambient air; a pulse detonation combustion chamber for mixing and burning the compressed ambient air with injected fuel to generate gas at a first pressure and a first temperature; a gas turbine for converting the internal energy of the gas into first kinetic energy and driving the compressor based on the first kinetic energy; a power turbine for converting the internal energy of the gas into second kinetic energy; and an exhaust system for outputting the gas based on a gas distribution structure.

[0010] This invention provides power, heat and cooling through a pulse detonation turbine engine, which can provide higher cycle thermal efficiency and heat-to-electricity efficiency, meet user needs, and thus improve user satisfaction.

[0011] In one alternative embodiment, the system further includes: a generator connected to a power turbine for converting second kinetic energy into electrical energy; a heating device connected to an exhaust device for providing heat based on the gas; and a cooling device connected to the exhaust device for providing cooling based on the gas.

[0012] This invention provides a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system by incorporating a generator, heating equipment, and cooling equipment, thus meeting the user's cooling, heating, and power supply needs at different times.

[0013] In one optional embodiment, the air inlet of the air compressor is connected to the air outlet of the compressor, and a water-cooled heat exchanger is provided between the air inlet of the air compressor and the air outlet of the compressor. The water-cooled heat exchanger is used to exchange heat between the outside air after it has been compressed and the input tap water to generate domestic hot water at a second temperature. The air outlet of the air compressor is connected to the bearing cavity, the turbine disk cavity and the turbine blades respectively based on the air distribution structure, so as to seal the bearing cavity and the turbine disk cavity with compressed air and to cool the turbine blades with compressed air.

[0014] This invention uses a water-cooled heat exchanger to cool the outside air inside the pulse detonation turbine engine, where the temperature and pressure have increased after compression. On the one hand, it can generate domestic hot water through heat exchange to meet users' water needs and improve energy efficiency. On the other hand, it can seal the cavity and cool the turbine blades based on the cooled compressed air to meet the pressure requirements of the pulse detonation turbine engine.

[0015] In one alternative embodiment, the input end of the generator is connected to the power turbine via a speed reducer, which reduces the first speed of the power turbine to a second speed; the output end of the generator is connected to an air compressor, a heating device, a cooling device and / or an external electrical appliance to provide electrical energy.

[0016] This invention connects the generator and the power turbine of the pulse detonation turbine engine through a reducer, which can match the rotational speeds of the engine and the generator shafts. This allows the generator's mechanical energy to be converted into electrical energy based on the engine's kinetic energy, thus meeting the electricity needs of users and the electrical needs of equipment in the combined cooling, heating and power system.

[0017] In one alternative implementation, if the pulse detonation turbine engine is configured as a turboshaft engine or a turboprop engine, a power output shaft is provided inside the pulse detonation turbine engine, and a generator is driven based on the power output shaft; if the pulse detonation turbine engine is configured as a turbofan engine or a turbojet engine, a turbine is provided inside the pulse detonation turbine engine, and a generator is driven based on the turbine.

[0018] This invention expands the applicability of combined cooling, heating and power systems by setting up suitable kinetic energy transmission devices between different types of engines and generators, enabling the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy in different product models.

[0019] In some alternative implementations, a one-way valve is provided at the front end of the pulse detonation combustion chamber to prevent back pressure transmission within the pulse detonation combustion chamber.

[0020] This invention, by installing a one-way valve in the pulse detonation combustion chamber, can prevent the pressure from being transmitted upstream when the detonation wave propagates to both ends, while the detonation wave propagating downstream is discharged towards the turbine. That is, after the gas is discharged from the pulse detonation combustion chamber, the resulting expansion wave propagates upstream of the pulse detonation combustion chamber, and the pressure at the head of the pulse detonation combustion chamber gradually decreases until the gas flow from the compressor outlet can smoothly flow into the detonation chamber. At this time, the pulse detonation combustion chamber begins the next cycle.

[0021] In one alternative implementation, the fuel is petroleum exhaust gas or biomass energy.

[0022] This invention uses petroleum waste gas or biomass energy as fuel, which can improve resource utilization and reduce pollution in scenarios such as animal husbandry, agriculture, or oil extraction.

[0023] In one alternative implementation, the compressor is an axial compressor, a centrifugal compressor, or a combined compressor.

[0024] This invention uses different types of compressors to provide air at a certain temperature and pressure to the pulse detonation combustion chamber, thereby atomizing and mixing it with the injected fuel to form a combustible mixture. After ignition, a detonation wave is generated, which drives the turbine rotor to generate kinetic energy.

[0025] In one alternative implementation, the air inlet of the air compressor is connected to the outside atmosphere.

[0026] This invention directly uses the external atmosphere as the air intake of the air compressor, which can improve the applicability of the air compressor and achieve sealing and cooling of the pulse detonation combustion chamber in different scenarios.

[0027] This invention primarily addresses the technical problem of low cycle thermal efficiency and heat-to-electricity efficiency when using conventional gas turbines as the output power equipment in combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems. It can be applied to industries such as large-scale animal husbandry and agriculture, simultaneously meeting users' power generation, heating, and cooling needs. This invention can fully utilize biomass energy (such as biogas) or petroleum waste gas generated by these industries, reducing waste gas treatment costs. It also provides a technical solution for solving the problems of bleed air sealing and turbine cooling in pulse detonation turbine engines. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a conventional combined cooling, heating and power system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a combined cooling, heating and power system based on pulse detonation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a combined cooling, heating and power system based on pulse detonation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of a combined cooling, heating and power system based on pulse detonation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main flow path and fuel supply location of a pulse detonation-based combined cooling, heating and power system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 The present invention relates to the change in airflow pressure within the pulse detonation turbine engine and air compressor of a pulse detonation combined cooling, heating and power system based on pulse detonation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the high-pressure air flow path at the air compressor outlet of a pulse detonation combined cooling, heating and power system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100-Pulse detonation turbine engine; 101-Intake duct; 102-Compressor; 103-Pulse detonation combustion chamber; 104-Gas turbine; 105-Power turbine; 106-Exhaust device; 107-Power take-off shaft; 200-Air compression equipment; 300-Generator; 400-Heating equipment; 500-Refrigeration equipment; 600-Reducer; 700-Water-cooled heat exchanger. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] This invention is applicable to applications in industries such as animal husbandry, agriculture, or oil extraction that require the simultaneous provision of electricity, heat, and cooling. Currently, conventional combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems, such as... Figure 1As shown, it consists of a gas turbine / boiler, generator, refrigerant, heat exchanger, and control system. The gas turbine works as follows: outside air is compressed by the compressor, increasing its pressure and temperature. It then flows into the combustion chamber, mixes with injected fuel, and burns. The resulting high-temperature, high-pressure gas impacts the turbine, driving the turbine to rotate the compressor and an externally connected generator at high speed, thus outputting electrical power. The refrigeration unit works as follows (taking a lithium bromide absorption chiller as an example): using waste heat from the exhaust gas as the working heat source, when the lithium bromide aqueous solution is heated in the generator, the water in the solution continuously vaporizes, increasing the solubility of the lithium bromide aqueous solution in the generator. It then enters the absorber; the water vapor enters the condenser, is cooled by the cooling water in the condenser, and condenses into high-pressure, low-temperature liquid water; when the water in the condenser enters the evaporator through a throttling valve, it rapidly expands and vaporizes, absorbing a large amount of heat from the refrigerant water in the evaporator during vaporization, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling. The working principle of a heat exchanger is as follows: the waste heat of the exhaust gas is used as the working heat source (heat source fluid). The heat source and cold source fluids flow in the pipes inside the heat exchanger and exchange heat on the pipe walls, which can provide the required heat load.

[0039] Currently, most combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems are designed for regional or large building complexes. However, when applied to industries such as animal husbandry (animal feeding) and agriculture (greenhouse vegetables), CCHP systems can improve automation, meet the supply needs of cooling, heating, and power at different times, and utilize biomass energy (biogas, etc.) as fuel, enabling energy reuse, greatly improving energy efficiency, and reducing pollution. Furthermore, existing CCHP systems often use gas turbines, but gas turbines operate on isobaric combustion, and their component efficiency and cycle thermal efficiency have essentially reached their limits, making significant performance improvements difficult. Therefore, cycle thermal efficiency is low, and heat-to-electricity efficiency is also difficult to improve significantly, easily leading to resource waste.

[0040] Replacing the compressor with a pulse detonation turbine engine based on isochoric combustion improves the cycle thermal efficiency. However, the highest pressure point is at the combustion chamber outlet, where bleed air from the compressor outlet cannot meet the pressure requirements for sealing and cooling. Therefore, problems such as bleed air sealing and turbine cooling need to be solved. If conventional mechanical devices (axial flow, centrifugal compressors, etc.) are used to pressurize the compressor outlet airflow, the efficiency is low and the pressure ratio is difficult to achieve. In addition, some power needs to be provided to drive the mechanical devices to achieve the pressurization effect, which will affect the thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0041] Therefore, this embodiment of the invention provides a combined cooling, heating and power system based on pulse detonation, which uses an air compression device to seal and cool the pulse detonation turbine engine to improve the cycle thermal efficiency and heat-to-electricity efficiency.

[0042] According to embodiments of the present invention, a combined cooling, heating and power system based on pulse detonation is provided. It should be noted that, as used below, the term "module" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that performs a predetermined function. Although the apparatus described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0043] This embodiment provides a combined cooling, heating and power system based on pulse detonation. Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a combined cooling, heating and power system based on pulse detonation according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the system includes: a pulse detonation turbine engine 100, used to compress incoming ambient air and mix the compressed ambient air with injected fuel for combustion to generate combustion gas at a first pressure; and an air compression device 200, connected to the pulse detonation turbine engine 100, used to perform secondary compression on the compressed ambient air to generate compressed air at a second pressure, and input the compressed air into the bearing cavity, turbine disk cavity, and turbine blades within the pulse detonation turbine engine 100, wherein the second pressure is higher than the first pressure.

[0044] Specifically, in embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system also includes: a generator 300 connected to the pulse detonation turbine engine 100 for converting kinetic energy into electrical energy; a heating device 400 connected to the pulse detonation turbine engine 100 for providing heating based on the gas; and a cooling device 500 connected to the pulse detonation turbine engine 100 for providing cooling based on the gas. This embodiment of the invention provides a combined cooling, heating, and power system integrating heating, cooling, and power generation, meeting users' cooling, heating, and power supply needs at different times and improving user satisfaction. The pulse detonation turbine engine 100 is a novel concept engine that uses high-temperature, high-pressure gas generated by pulsed detonation waves to generate thrust. It compresses gas directly in the combustion chamber using the detonation waves generated by detonation combustion, thereby generating power. The detonation waves generated by detonation combustion rapidly increase the pressure and temperature of the gas (pressure can reach 100 atmospheres, temperature can reach 2000℃), thus possessing advantages such as high thermal cycle efficiency and simple structure. Figure 3 As shown, taking industries such as animal husbandry, agriculture, or oil extraction as examples, the fuel provided to the pulse detonation turbine engine 100 is biomass energy (e.g., biogas produced from animal husbandry sites, fuel produced from the decay of vegetable stalks in greenhouses, etc.) or petroleum exhaust gas, which can improve resource utilization and reduce pollution. For example, Figure 4As shown, the heating equipment 400 uses a waste heat exchanger for exhaust gas, and the refrigeration equipment 500 uses a lithium bromide absorption chiller. Its working principle is the same as that of related equipment in a conventional combined cooling, heating and power system. It can also be replaced with other equipment that can provide heating and cooling, such as an evaporator, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0045] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 4As shown, the pulse detonation turbine engine 100 of this embodiment includes: an air intake 101 for inputting outside air; a compressor 102 for compressing the outside air, which can be configured as an axial compressor, a centrifugal compressor, or other types of combined compressors; and a pulse detonation combustion chamber 103 for mixing and burning the compressed outside air with injected fuel to generate combustion gas at a first pressure and a first temperature. The pulse detonation combustion chamber 103 is a multi-tube pulse detonation combustion chamber, which ensures successful detonation before... It should be noted that the configuration of the multi-tube pulse detonation combustion chamber and the type of obstacles within the detonation chamber are not restricted and can be replaced with other components based on isochoric combustion, such as a wave rotor; a gas turbine 104, used to convert the internal energy of the gas into first kinetic energy, and based on the first kinetic energy to drive the compressor 102; a power turbine 105, used to convert the internal energy of the gas into second kinetic energy, and based on the second kinetic energy to drive the generator 300; and an exhaust device 106, used to output the gas to the heating equipment 400, the refrigeration equipment 500, and the outside atmosphere based on the gas distribution structure. The working principle of the pulse detonation turbine engine 100 is as follows: outside air flows through the intake duct 101, is compressed by the compressor 102, and the airflow pressure and temperature increase. It then flows into the multi-tube pulse detonation combustion chamber 103, mixes with the injected fuel, and is ignited and burned. In the combustion chamber, the mixing ratio of fuel and air is crucial. When fuel and air are filled into the combustion chamber in an appropriate ratio, efficient detonation combustion can be achieved. When fuel and air are introduced into the combustion chamber, there are two initiation methods: direct initiation and indirect initiation. Direct initiation involves the ignition device triggering a violent chemical reaction, instantly releasing enormous energy and forming a powerful detonation wave. Indirect initiation involves the ignition device igniting the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber, generating a series of compression waves. These compression waves then develop into shock waves, which heat and compress the unreacted mixture, creating an explosion center and forming a strong shock wave. This shock wave couples with the reaction zone to form overdrive detonation, eventually establishing a stable detonation wave as the wave velocity decreases. Because the detonation combustion process is extremely short (milliseconds) and propagates rapidly (approximately 2000 m / s), the pressure inside the combustion chamber is difficult to reach equilibrium in a short time. Detonation combustion is generally considered to be approximately isochoric combustion, thus significantly improving thermal cycle efficiency. The resulting high-temperature, high-pressure gas impacts the gas turbine 104 and power turbine 105 after exiting the combustion chamber, converting the internal energy of the gas into kinetic energy after passing through the turbine. The power generated by the kinetic energy of the gas turbine 104 is used to drive the compressor 102 again, and the power generated by the kinetic energy of the power turbine 105 is used to drive the generator 300 and other auxiliary devices. Then the gas is discharged into the heating equipment 400, the cooling equipment 500 and the outside atmosphere through the exhaust device 106 with the gas distribution structure.

[0046] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 4As shown, if the pulse detonation turbine engine 100 of this embodiment is configured as a turboshaft engine or a turboprop engine, then the pulse detonation turbine engine 100 is equipped with a power output shaft 107, and the generator 300 is driven to work based on the output power of the power output shaft 107. Since both turboshaft engines and turboprop engines drive rotors or propellers and accessory devices (including generators, etc.) through a power turbine shaft, their working process includes air compression, combustion, energy conversion, and power output, which will not be elaborated further here. Furthermore, because the engine rotor speed is as high as tens of thousands of revolutions per minute, while conventional generators do not require such high speeds, a reducer 600 is needed to match the speeds of the engine and the generator, thereby realizing the conversion of the generator's mechanical energy into electrical energy based on the engine's kinetic energy. In this embodiment of the invention, the input end of the generator 300 is connected to the power output shaft 107 connected to the power turbine 105 via a reducer 600. The output end of the generator 300 is connected to the air compressor 200, heating equipment 400, cooling equipment 500, and / or external electrical equipment to provide the electrical load required by each electrical device, meeting the power demand of the electrical equipment in the combined cooling, heating, and power system. Alternatively, the air compressor 200, heating equipment 400, and cooling equipment 500 can also be powered by an external power source, expanding the application scenarios; this is not a limitation here. In summary, this embodiment of the invention adopts a dual-rotor structure, with the gas turbine 104 and compressor 102 forming the gas generator rotor, and the power turbine 105, power output shaft 107, and accessory devices forming a single rotor. Furthermore, the engine can also be derived into a three-rotor structure, etc., which is not limited here.

[0047] In some optional embodiments, if the pulse detonation turbine engine 100 of this invention is configured as a turbofan engine or a turbojet engine, then the pulse detonation turbine engine 100 is equipped with a turbine, and the turbine drives a generator. That is, the turbine converts the thermal energy in the high-temperature and high-pressure gas into mechanical energy, which is then connected to the generator 300 for power output, thereby driving the generator 300 to work. This invention expands the applicability of combined cooling, heating, and power systems by setting up suitable kinetic energy transmission devices between different types of engines and generators. It can achieve the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy in different product models. The specific model selection is determined by the user according to actual needs and is not limited here.

[0048] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 5As shown, the air compressed by the compressor 102 flows into the pulse detonation combustion chamber 103 and is atomized and mixed with the fuel injected from the fuel supply position to form a combustible mixture, which is then ignited and burned. Under the continuous superposition of shock waves, a detonation wave is formed at a certain position in the pulse detonation combustion chamber 103. The detonation wave propagates to both ends. Therefore, a one-way valve (which can be a pneumatic valve / mechanical valve) is provided at the head of the pulse detonation combustion chamber 103 to prevent the pressure in the detonation chamber from being transmitted upstream. The detonation wave propagating downstream is discharged to the turbine. That is, after the exhaust gas is discharged from the pulse detonation combustion chamber 103, the resulting expansion wave propagates upstream of the pulse detonation combustion chamber 103, and the pressure at the head of the pulse detonation combustion chamber 103 gradually decreases. The pulse detonation combustion chamber 103 is in a low-pressure state until the airflow from the compressor 102 outlet can smoothly flow into the pulse detonation combustion chamber 103. At this time, the pulse detonation combustion chamber 103 begins the next cycle.

[0049] In some alternative embodiments, the airflow direction formed within the pulse detonation combustion chamber 103 is as follows: Figure 5 As indicated by the middle arrow, to prevent the high-temperature airflow in the main flow channel from entering the turbine disk cavity, bearing cavity, and other cavities formed inside the pulse detonation turbine engine 100, this embodiment of the invention uses gas compressed by the air compressor 200 to seal the cavities, while simultaneously cooling the turbine blades. The air compressor 200 can be an air compressor or other air-compressible equipment or mechanical structure. Taking the air compressor as an example, part of the air compressed by the compressor 102 flows into the pulse detonation combustion chamber 103 to participate in combustion, and part flows into the water-cooled heat exchanger 700 to exchange heat with the input tap water to generate domestic hot water, meeting user water needs and improving energy utilization. The air temperature decreases after heat exchange and flows into the air compressor along the pipeline. The air compressor performs work to pressurize the air, making the outlet air pressure higher than the gas pressure at the outlet of the pulse detonation combustion chamber 103 (this is the highest pressure point of the pulse detonation turbine engine 100), meeting the pressure requirements of the pulse detonation turbine engine. The airflow pressure changes in the air compressor and the pulse detonation turbine engine 100 are as follows: Figure 6As shown, the gas pressure at the outlet of the pulse detonation combustion chamber 103 is the highest in the entire axial direction of the pulse detonation turbine engine. The air pressure at other locations is relatively low, while the air pressure at the air compressor outlet is higher than the gas pressure at the outlet of the pulse detonation combustion chamber 103, thus achieving a tight seal of the cavity. Simultaneously, a gas distribution structure is provided at the air compressor outlet, dividing the generated high-pressure outlet air into two parts. One part is introduced into the bearing cavity, etc., to seal the cavity, while the other part is introduced into the turbine blades, forming a cooling film on the blade surface, thereby isolating the high-temperature gas and cooling the blades. This embodiment of the invention can simultaneously solve the problems of bleed air sealing and blade cooling in the pulse detonation turbine engine 100. The flow direction of the high-pressure air at the air compressor outlet is as follows... Figure 7 As shown, the flow trajectory of the high-pressure air from the air compressor outlet within the turbine blades and turbine disk cavity, the trajectory of the high-pressure air from the air compressor outlet ejected from the turbine blades, and the flow trajectory of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas formed by combustion in the pulse detonation combustion chamber 103 are respectively included.

[0050] In some alternative embodiments, if the water-cooled heat exchanger 700 is not provided, the air inlet of the air compressor can be directly connected to the outside atmosphere. The input outside air is compressed to perform work, and the compressed gas is used to seal the cavity. Since the temperature of the compressed air is lower than the temperature of the combustion gas in the detonation combustion chamber, it can be introduced into the turbine blades to cool them, thereby expanding the system's application scenarios.

[0051] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, the exhaust device 106 of the pulse detonation turbine engine 100 is provided with an air intake port, which introduces a portion of the high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gas into the exhaust waste heat exchanger and the refrigeration unit through a gas distribution structure, serving as the working heat source for these two devices. The exhaust waste heat exchanger operates primarily based on the principle of heat exchange, utilizing the temperature difference between different gases for heat exchange. Specifically, the high-temperature combustion gas acts as the working heat source for the heat exchange process. When the high-temperature combustion gas passes through the hot-side channel of the heat exchanger, the heat it carries is transferred through the heat exchanger wall to the cooling medium (such as water, air, or other fluid) located in the cold-side channel. In this process, the high-temperature combustion gas is cooled, while the cooling medium is heated, achieving heat transfer and recovery. There are various types of exhaust waste heat exchangers, commonly including finned tube heat exchangers, plate-fin heat exchangers, and spiral tube heat exchangers, which are not limited here. The refrigeration unit achieves heat transfer and cooling through the circulation of a working fluid (refrigerant). The process includes compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation, with the high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gas serving as the working heat source for the evaporation process. The heating and cooling systems can meet the heating or cooling needs of users at different times, while the remaining high-temperature and high-pressure gas flows into the outside atmosphere through the exhaust device 106.

[0052] The pulse detonation-based combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system provided in this invention utilizes a pulse detonation turbine engine to compress incoming ambient air. This compressed air is then mixed with injected fuel for combustion, generating combustion gas at a first pressure. Simultaneously, an air compressor further compresses the compressed air to generate compressed air at a second pressure. This compressed air is then fed into the bearing cavity, turbine disk cavity, and turbine blades within the pulse detonation turbine engine. The first and second pressures are set according to the specific operating conditions of the CCHP system, with the second pressure being higher than the first pressure, but this is not explicitly defined. This invention outputs air at a pressure higher than the combustion gas pressure within the pulse detonation turbine engine, meeting pressure requirements. This seals the internal cavity of the pulse detonation turbine engine and cools the blades, preventing a reduction in output power due to the addition of traditional mechanical structures. It also effectively improves cycle thermal efficiency and heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency. Furthermore, using petroleum waste gas or biomass energy as fuel reduces the cost of treating such waste gases, significantly improves energy utilization, and reduces pollution.

[0053] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A combined cooling, heating and power system based on pulse detonation, characterized in that, The system includes: The pulse detonation turbine engine is used to compress the input outside air and mix and burn the compressed outside air with the injected fuel to generate combustion gas at the first pressure. An air compression device is connected to the pulse detonation turbine engine to perform secondary compression on the outside air after it has been compressed to generate compressed air at a second pressure, and to input the compressed air into the bearing cavity, turbine disk cavity and turbine blades in the pulse detonation turbine engine. The second pressure is higher than the first pressure.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse detonation turbine engine includes: The air intake is used to input the outside air; An air compressor is used to compress the outside air. The pulse detonation combustion chamber is used to mix and burn the outside air after it has been compressed by work and the injected fuel to generate gas at the first pressure and the first temperature. A gas turbine is used to convert the internal energy of the gas into a first kinetic energy and drive the compressor based on the first kinetic energy. A power turbine is used to convert the internal energy of the gas into a second kinetic energy; An exhaust device for outputting the gas based on a gas distribution structure.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: A generator, connected to the power turbine, is used to convert the second kinetic energy into electrical energy; A heating device, connected to the exhaust device, is used to provide heat based on the gas; A refrigeration device, connected to the exhaust device, is used for refrigeration based on the gas.

4. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air inlet of the air compressor is connected to the air outlet of the compressor, and a water-cooled heat exchanger is provided between the air inlet of the air compressor and the air outlet of the compressor. The water-cooled heat exchanger is used to exchange heat between the outside air after it has been compressed and the input tap water to generate domestic hot water at a second temperature. The air outlet of the air compressor is connected to the bearing cavity, turbine disk cavity and turbine blade respectively based on the air distribution structure, for sealing the bearing cavity and the turbine disk cavity with the compressed air and cooling the turbine blade with the compressed air.

5. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The input end of the generator is connected to the power turbine via a reducer, which is used to reduce the first speed of the power turbine to a second speed. The output terminal of the generator is connected to the air compressor, the heating equipment, the refrigeration equipment and / or external electrical equipment to provide electrical energy.

6. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, If the pulse detonation turbine engine is configured as a turboshaft engine or a turboprop engine, then the pulse detonation turbine engine is provided with a power output shaft, and the generator is driven based on the power output shaft; If the pulse detonation turbine engine is configured as a turbofan engine or a turbojet engine, then the pulse detonation turbine engine is equipped with a turbine, and the generator is driven based on the turbine.

7. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, A one-way valve is provided at the front end of the pulse detonation combustion chamber to prevent pressure back transmission within the pulse detonation combustion chamber.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel is petroleum waste gas or biomass energy.

9. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The compressor is an axial flow compressor, a centrifugal compressor, or a combined compressor.

10. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The air inlet of the air compressor is connected to the outside atmosphere.

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