Hard-magnetic based transient temperature field thermal dosimetry device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of transient temperature field thermal dose measuring device and method based on hard magnet, purpose is to solve the problem of large error, insufficient response speed, easy to produce the interference of measured temperature field of existing temperature measurement method.The measuring device is composed of packaging shell, temperature sensing element, buffer sheet, round pipe, slider, spring, base and screw.Temperature sensing element, buffer sheet, round pipe and base are coaxially installed in packaging shell from right to left, round pipe is connected with base through left end internal thread, right end is close to left end face of buffer sheet, slider and spring are coaxially installed in round pipe, right end of spring is connected with left end of slider, left end of spring is fixed on right end face of base.The measuring method is to convert thermal dose into the magnetic field intensity of hard magnet by using the temperature rising demagnetization characteristics of hard magnet, to realize the fast quantitative passive measurement of transient temperature field heat flux.The device is simple, low in cost, strong in anti-interference ability, fast in layout, small in error of measuring method, fast in response speed, and not interfered by measured temperature field.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of measurement and detection, and particularly relates to a transient temperature field thermal dose measuring device and a measuring method, which is a passive measuring device and a measuring method for measuring the thermal dose of a transient temperature field by using the temperature rising demagnetization characteristics of a magnet. BACKGROUND

[0002] In national defense and military activities and industrial production activities, a transient temperature field (the transient temperature field refers to a temperature existing time of seconds or even milliseconds) is often formed in some scenes, such as explosive explosion, gas explosion, and mine blasting. In these cases, the thermal dose of the transient temperature field can be measured to effectively evaluate the damage effect of the temperature field on the surrounding personnel and objects, which is of great significance for practical application, and therefore the related research on the transient temperature field thermal dose measurement has become a research hotspot.

[0003] The existing thermal dose measurement principle of the temperature field is to measure the temperature at a given position to obtain the thermal dose. According to the relationship between the temperature sensing element and the target temperature field, the temperature measurement of the temperature field can be divided into contact temperature measurement and non-contact temperature measurement. The non-contact temperature measurement mainly converts the light signal emitted by the explosion fireball into an electrical signal output, and then obtains the explosion field thermal load parameter according to the relationship between the electrical signal and the temperature. The advantages of non-contact temperature measurement are that the temperature sensing element has a small volume, is free of metal materials, has complete electrical insulation, is not affected by harsh conditions such as high voltage and strong electromagnetic field, can resist chemical corrosion and is pollution-free. The specific methods mainly include: infrared radiation temperature measurement method, fluorescence temperature measurement method, multi-spectral line temperature measurement method, and acoustic temperature measurement method. The basic principle of the infrared radiation temperature measurement method is the blackbody radiation law, which determines the temperature by measuring the infrared light emitted by the measured object and the emissivity. Therefore, this method is greatly affected by the emissivity of the measured object, which usually changes with temperature. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately measure the temperature in the actual measurement process. The fluorescence temperature measurement method uses the fluorescence intensity ratio or fluorescence lifetime of the fluorescent substance excited by heat to realize temperature measurement. However, since the transient temperature field is in a dynamic state of change, it is not possible to apply fluorescent material, and therefore the fluorescence temperature measurement method is not suitable for transient temperature field measurement. The multi-spectral line temperature measurement method obtains the temperature of the measured object according to the ratio between the radiation power of two or more given wavelengths emitted by the measured object, which is suitable for objects with unknown emissivity. However, the target of this method is limited to objects with high radiation energy density. This method can be used for transient temperature field measurement, but the selection of waveband is difficult, and the appropriate waveband needs to be selected according to the measured temperature field. The acoustic temperature measurement method measures the propagation speed of sound waves in a gas medium, and obtains the gas temperature according to the functional relationship between the propagation speed and the absolute temperature of the gas. However, the transient temperature field has a short duration and the temperature changes rapidly, and the frequency of the acoustic temperature measurement is difficult to match.

[0004] The contact temperature measurement methods mainly include pressure temperature measurement method, optical fiber temperature measurement method and thermoelectric temperature measurement method. The pressure temperature measurement method uses pressure as the symbol of temperature, measures the pressure change of constant volume gas to indicate temperature, the optical fiber temperature measurement method is to immerse the optical fiber probe into the heat source to measure temperature, and the thermoelectric temperature measurement method is to indicate temperature according to the corresponding relationship between material temperature and electrical quantity. When the three contact temperature measurement methods are used, the temperature sensing element needs to be directly contacted with the measured object to measure the temperature. The thermocouple is commonly used in the contact temperature measurement method of the explosion field, has the advantages of wide temperature measurement range, high accuracy and no limitation of the temperature measurement environment. However, in the temperature measurement process, the temperature sensing element needs to be fully contacted with the measured object and reach thermal equilibrium, so the contact temperature measurement method also has obvious shortcomings: the heat transfer process between the contact temperature measurement process and the measured object limits the response speed; meanwhile, the contact between the temperature sensing element and the measured object disturbs the temperature field, and the existing measurement method has at least the following technical problems:

[0005] 1. The existing non-contact temperature measurement has the problems of being greatly affected by the emissivity of the measured object, being easily disturbed by other factors, the measured temperature being the surface temperature of the measured object, the surrounding medium easily causing measurement error, and the like, and cannot accurately measure the transient temperature field heat dose.

[0006] 2. The existing contact temperature measurement method has the problems of insufficient response speed, contact with the measured object to disturb the temperature field measurement, and the like,

[0007] which causes errors in the measurement results.

[0008] Since the temperature rise will cause the demagnetization of the magnet, and the higher the temperature, the weaker the magnetism of the magnet. Therefore, the measurement of the transient temperature field heat flux can also be obtained by measuring the demagnetization degree of certain magnets. Through reasonable design, the temperature rise range of the magnet is within its highest working temperature, and some temperature-sensitive magnetic materials are ideal temperature sensing materials for measuring the transient temperature field. The magnetic field strength of the magnet will gradually decrease with the increase of temperature, and when the Curie point is reached, the magnetism completely disappears. Within the working temperature range, when the temperature of the magnet rises and then decreases to room temperature, the residual magnetization strength will also decrease. There is a certain functional relationship between the magnetic field strength and the residual magnetization strength of the magnet and the temperature, and the magnetic field strength can be directly displayed through the magnetic force. In addition, the magnet is usually made of metal material and has good thermal conductivity, so that the magnet can be applied to the quantitative measurement of the transient temperature field heat dose. According to different compositions, the magnet can form various specifications of measurement structure corresponding to different intensity of the transient temperature field to realize more accurate measurement. By selecting magnetic materials with stable performance and wide working temperature range, a stable structure and reliable performance of the transient temperature field heat flux measurement device can be made.

[0009] At present, magnetic materials are mainly applied to the fields of industrial transportation and low-temperature superconductivity, and there is no public report on the preparation of a transient temperature field heat dose measuring device by using magnetic materials. SUMMARY

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a transient temperature field heat dose measuring device and method based on hard magnet, to solve the problems of the existing non-contact temperature measurement method, such as being greatly affected by the emissivity of the measured object, being easily affected by other factors, the measured temperature being the surface temperature of the measured object, and the surrounding medium easily causing measurement error, and to make up for the shortcomings of the existing contact temperature measurement method, such as insufficient response speed and interference of the measured temperature field caused by contact with the measured object. The measuring device has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, strong anti-interference ability, rapid layout, convenient post-processing, and high measurement accuracy, and can be used for measuring transient temperature field heat doses of different intensity levels, providing a new reference for the measurement of transient temperature field heat doses. The measuring method is not affected by the emissivity of the measured object, has small measurement error, fast response speed, and is not disturbed by the measured temperature field. The present application uses the temperature rise and demagnetization characteristics of hard magnet to quantitatively convert the heat dose into the magnetic field strength of hard magnet, thereby realizing the rapid quantitative and passive measurement of transient temperature field heat flux.

[0011] The present application is composed of a packaging shell, a temperature sensing element, a buffer sheet, a circular tube, a slider, a spring, a base, and a bolt. The right end near the temperature sensing element is defined as the right end, and the left end away from the temperature sensing element is defined as the left end. The small disc at the right end of the temperature sensing element is clamped into the annular groove at the right end of the packaging shell, and the right end of the packaging shell is packaged. The base is fixed to the left end of the packaging shell by the bolt, and the left end of the packaging shell is packaged. The temperature sensing element, the buffer sheet, the circular tube, and the base are coaxially installed in the packaging shell from right to left. The circular tube is connected to the base through the left end internal thread, and the right end of the circular tube is tightly attached to the left end face of the buffer sheet. The slider and the spring are coaxially installed in the circular tube from right to left, the right end of the spring is connected to the left end of the slider through the adhesive, and the left end of the spring is fixed to the right end face of the base.

[0012] The packaging shell is cylindrical. The outer diameter D1 of the packaging shell satisfies 0.02m<D1<0.03m, the wall thickness t1 satisfies 0.005m<t1<0.01m, the inner diameter d1=D1-2t1, and the length L1 satisfies 0.08m<L1<0.2m; an annular groove coaxial with the center axis OO' of the packaging shell is machined inward from the outer wall of the right end of the packaging shell, the depth L 12 satisfies 0.0005m<L 12 <0.004m, the inner diameter d 12=4d1 / 5, the outer diameter of the annular groove = D1; the temperature sensing element is inserted into the annular groove of the package shell through the small disc on the right end; the left end face of the package shell is processed with 4 evenly distributed screw holes, the distance between the center of the screw hole and the central axis OO' of the package shell is r1 = (D1+d1) / 4, the mean diameter Φ1 of the screw hole satisfies 0.002m<Φ1<0.004m, and the depth of the screw hole t 11 Meet 0.005m <t 11 <0.015m; the base is fixed to the left end of the package shell by bolts passing through 4 screw holes; the outer wall and left and right end faces of the package shell are coated with a heat insulation layer to prevent heat exchange between the inside and outside of the package shell, thereby achieving a heat insulation effect. The thickness of the heat insulation layer t9 meets 0.00001m <t9<0.001m,导热系数λ1满足0.01W / (m·K)<λ1<0.04W / (m·K)。封装壳体采用金属材料或者有机玻璃制成,要求材料满足:屈服强度σ1> 150MPa, density ρ1>1.0g / cm 3 The requirement principle is that the packaging shell does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to external impact.

[0013] The temperature sensing element is used to absorb the heat of the transient temperature field, causing its own temperature to rise, thereby changing the magnetization strength of the temperature sensing element. The temperature sensing element is in the shape of a two-stage stepped cylinder, consisting of a large disk and a small disk. The thickness of the large disk is t 21 Meet 0.0002m <t 21 <0.001m, the diameter of the large disk D 21 Equal to the inner diameter d1 of the packaging shell. The thickness of the small disk t 22 Equal to the length L of the annular groove on the right end of the packaging shell 12 , the diameter of the small disk D 22 Equal to the inner diameter d of the annular groove at the right end of the packaging shell 12 The temperature sensing element is inserted into the annular groove on the right end of the package shell through a small disc. The temperature sensing element is made of hard magnets with a maximum operating temperature range of 80℃ to 300℃. The material is required to not produce plastic deformation under external impact. The specific requirements of the material are: yield strength σ2>200MPa, density ρ2>2.0g / cm 3 , magnetic induction intensity Br1 meets 12000Gs <Br1<13000Gs,且能在1000℃~10000℃高温下能耐受1秒到10分钟。

[0014] The buffer sheet is used to separate the heat dissipation of the temperature sensing element and other factors of the transient high temperature field from the interference of the internal measuring device. The shape is disc-shaped, the diameter D3 is equal to the inner diameter d1 of the packaging shell, and the thickness t3 satisfies 0.001 m < t3 < 0.003 m. The buffer sheet is made of a high polymer material with good buffer energy absorption performance and strong heat insulation capacity. The specific requirements of the material are that the yield strength σ3 is greater than 30 MPa, the density ρ3 is less than 1.0 g / cm 3 , and the thermal conductivity λ3 is less than 0.4 W / (m·K). The buffer sheet is clamped and fixed between the circular tube and the temperature sensing element in the packaging shell.

[0015] The circular tube is used to limit the movement direction of the slider and can visually record the maximum displacement of the slider during the measurement process. The shape of the circular tube is a cylinder, the length L4 = L1-L 12 -t 21 -t3, the outer diameter D4 is equal to the inner diameter d1 of the packaging shell 1, the wall thickness t4 satisfies 0.001 m < t4 < 0.003 m, and the inner diameter d4 = D4-2t4. The left end of the circular tube is processed with an internal thread, the pitch diameter Φ 41 of the internal thread is equal to the inner diameter d4 of the circular tube, and the length L 41 of the internal thread satisfies 0.005 m < L 41 < 0.008 m. The circular tube is connected with the base through the internal thread. The circular tube is made of a high polymer material with good light transmission and certain strength. The specific requirements of the material are that the light transmission rate is higher than 80%, the yield strength σ4 is greater than 20 MPa, and the density ρ4 is less than 1.2 g / cm 3 . The inner wall surface of the circular tube is polished to reduce the friction when the slider moves. The circular tube is located between the base and the buffer sheet, and the buffer sheet is tightly pressed against the left end of the temperature sensing element.

[0016] The slider is used to reflect the change of the magnetic field strength of the temperature sensing element and slides in the circular tube under the action of the spring and the temperature sensing element. The shape is cylindrical. The cylinder diameter D5 satisfies D5 = d4, and the cylinder length L5 satisfies 0.005 m < L5 < 0.008 m. Four evenly distributed through holes are processed on the end face of the slider, the distance r5 from the center of the through hole to the center of the end face is D5 / 4, and the through hole diameter d 51 satisfies d 51 = D5 / 5. The slider is made of a hard magnetic material. The specific requirements of the material are that the magnetic induction strength Br2 satisfies 2000 Gs < Br2 < 4000 Gs, and the density ρ5 satisfies ρ5 < 9.0 g / cm 3 . The slider is located in the circular tube, the friction coefficient between the slider side and the circular tube is less than 0.01, and the slider side is smeared with colored ink to record the maximum movement position left by the slider in the circular tube.

[0017] Before measuring the transient temperature field, the position of the slider is x1. After the transient temperature field is loaded, the packaging shell is removed, the round tube is removed to record the maximum movement position x2 of the slider, and the displacement ε of the slider is obtained as x1-x2. When interpreting, it should be ensured that the slider no longer moves. The corresponding relationship between the thermal dose (Q) and the displacement (ε) of the present invention is calibrated through the thermal dose-displacement calibration test. According to the displacement of the slider before and after the transient temperature field is loaded, combined with the corresponding relationship between the thermal dose (Q) and the displacement (ε), the thermal dose Q (unit: J / m 2 ), thereby realizing rapid passive quantitative measurement of thermal dose in transient temperature field.

[0018] The slider slides in the tube under the action of the spring and the temperature sensing element, and is used to characterize the change in the magnetization intensity of the temperature sensing element. The slider is disc-shaped, with a diameter D5 equal to the inner diameter d4 of the tube and a thickness L5 of 0.005m. <L5<0.008m。滑块沿轴向加工有4个均匀分布的通孔,通孔中心到中心轴OO’的距离r5=D5 / 4,通孔直径d 51 =D5 / 5. The slider is made of hard magnetic material, and the specific requirements are that the material meets the magnetic induction intensity Br2 of 2000Gs. <Br2<4000Gs,密度ρ5满足ρ5<9.0g / cm 3 The slider is located in the round tube, the side of the slider is polished, and the friction coefficient between the slider and the round tube is less than 0.01. Colored ink is applied to the side of the slider to record the maximum movement position of the slider in the round tube.

[0019] The spring is used to control the displacement of the slider during the measurement process. The spring outer diameter D6 satisfies D6=0.8d4, and the spring initial length L6 satisfies L6=L4-L5-L 41 The spring is made of non-magnetic metal material. The specific requirements are that the spring elastic coefficient k6 meets k6 < 10000N·m and the density ρ6 meets ρ6 > 2.0g / cm 3 , the yield strength satisfies σ6>100MPa; the left and right ends of the spring are ground flat, and the right end of the spring and the left end of the slider, as well as the left end of the spring and the right end of the base are connected by adhesive.

[0020] The base is used to encapsulate the left end of the package shell and install the measuring device. It is in the shape of a two-stage stepped cylinder, consisting of a disc and a cylinder. The diameter of the disc is D 71 Equal to the outer diameter D1 of the package shell, length L 71 Meet 0.005m <L 71 <0.01m. There is a central threaded hole on the left end of the disc. The center diameter of the central threaded hole is Φ 73 Satisfy 0.008m<Φ 73 <0.012m, center threaded hole depth t 73 Meet 0.01m <t73 <0.015m, the sensor device is fixed by connecting the central threaded hole with the fixing. The disc is processed with four uniformly distributed screw through holes, the center of the screw through hole is equal to the distance r7 from the center of the screw hole on the left end face of the packaging shell to the center of the end face, the screw through hole diameter Φ 74 is equal to the screw hole diameter Φ1 on the left end face of the packaging shell, the bolt passes through the screw through hole to connect the base with the packaging shell. The length L 72 of the cylinder is equal to the internal thread length L 41 of the circular tube, the outer thread is processed on the side surface of the cylinder, the outer thread diameter Φ 75 is equal to the internal thread diameter Φ 41 of the left end of the circular tube, the outer thread length is equal to L 72 , which is used to connect the base with the circular tube. The base is made of metal material, and the specific requirement is that the yield strength σ7> 200MPa, ρ7> 2.0g / cm 3 .

[0021] The bolt is used to connect the base with the packaging shell, the thread size Φ8 satisfies Φ8=Φ1, the length L8 satisfies L8=L 71 +t 11 . The specific requirement is that the yield strength σ8> 200MPa, ρ8> 2.0g / cm 3 , and the strength grade is not less than 8.8 level.

[0022] The method for measuring the transient temperature field thermal dose by using the transient temperature field thermal dose measuring device based on the hard magnet is:

[0023] Step 1: carry out thermal dose-displacement calibration test:

[0024] 1.1 Arrange the temperature sensing element, spring and slider according to the relative position in the measuring device on the same horizontal plane, record the initial temperature T0 of the temperature sensing element and the mass m2;

[0025] 1.2 Record the initial position x0 of the slider, use the heating plate (for example: HTL-500EX type heating plate of Shenzhen Boba Science and Technology Co., Ltd., LY-TS1 heating plate of Changzhou Jintan Liangyou Instrument Co., Ltd., XY-1 heating plate of Yancheng Xuan Yuan Heating Equipment Technology Co., Ltd.) to heat the temperature sensing element, and the temperature range is required to be within the working temperature range of the temperature sensing element.

[0026] 1.3 Measure the temperature T1 of the temperature sensing element, combine the specific heat capacity c of the temperature sensing element to obtain the thermal dose Q absorbed by the temperature sensing element, Q=cm2(T1-T0), according to the loading time t, and fit to obtain the thermal dose curve Q(t)

[0027] 1.4 Measure the temperature of the temperature sensing element at the same time, measure the position xh , get the displacement of slider ε = x h - x0, combined with the loading time t, fitting to get the displacement curve ε(t);

[0028] 1.5 combine the thermal dose curve Q(t) with the displacement curve ε(t), to get the corresponding relationship between thermal dose (Q) and displacement (ε);

[0029] Second step, the small disc at the right end of the temperature sensing element is clamped in the annular groove at the right end of the packaging shell, the buffer sheet is installed at the left end of the temperature sensing element, the slider is fixed at the right end of the spring with adhesive, the base is fixed at the left end of the spring with adhesive, the circular tube is fixed at the right end of the base through the internal thread, and the base is fixed at the left end of the packaging shell through the bolt, so as to form a measuring device, which is firmly fixed on the ground or a firm support through the central threaded hole of the base.

[0030] Third step, the explosive is placed at a distance of 3m-5m from the right end of the measuring device, the right end surface of the measuring device faces the center of the explosive, that is, the center of the explosive and the axis of the measuring device are on the central axis OO', it is checked whether the temperature sensing element and the packaging shell are in close contact, and it is ensured that the slider and the circular tube can freely slide, the initial position of the slider (that is, the distance of the slider in the circular tube from the left end of the circular tube) x1 is measured and recorded, and the slider is placed in the circular tube.

[0031] Fourth step, the transient temperature field is obtained by detonating the explosive at the right end of the test device, the temperature sensing element is heated by the explosion field, the temperature does not rise to cause the magnetic force to decrease, the slider is subjected to the pulling force of the spring greater than the magnetic force of the temperature sensing element, the slider generates left acceleration, and the slider slides left in the circular tube, when the slider is balanced again by the pulling force of the spring and the magnetic force of the temperature sensing element, the slider stops moving. After the transient temperature field ends, the distance x2 of the slider in the circular tube from the left end of the circular tube is measured.

[0032] Fifth step, the displacement ε of the slider in the circular tube is calculated, ε = x1-x2.

[0033] Sixth step, according to the displacement ε of the slider in the circular tube, the thermal dose Q (unit: J / m 2 ) of the transient temperature field on the temperature sensing element is found according to the corresponding relationship between thermal dose (Q) and displacement (ε), so that the rapid passive quantitative measurement of the thermal dose of the transient temperature field is realized.

[0034] Seventh step, the base is removed and replaced with a new circular tube, so that the test device can be used again.

[0035] The present application can achieve the following technical effects:

[0036] 1. The present application can obtain the thermal dose of the transient temperature field on the temperature sensing element by measuring the maximum displacement of the slider before and after the experiment, and complete the quantitative test of the thermal dose of the transient temperature field.

[0037] 2. The temperature sensing element material of the present application with different working ranges can be prepared by using different magnet formulas, and the temperature sensing element can also be combined with the slider to form a sensor with a more abundant specification. According to the magnetization intensity of the temperature sensing element and the slider and the elastic coefficient of the spring, a high response speed to the transient temperature field of high, medium and low temperature can be realized, so that the rapid measurement of the thermal dose of different types of transient temperature field can be realized. The test device can be placed in the temperature field to measure the thermal dose at a given position, and is not disturbed by the complex electromagnetic environment, so that the displacement of the slider of the test device is accurate; the test device can measure without reaching the temperature of the transient temperature field, which reduces the disturbance to the measured temperature field and further improves the accuracy of measuring the thermal dose of the explosion field.

[0038] 3. The present application has the characteristics of simple structure, no power supply, convenient to use, simple and intuitive results, low use cost, and can be reused. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application.

[0040] Figure 2 is an axial sectional view of the present application.

[0041] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the packaging shell.

[0042] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the temperature sensing element.

[0043] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the buffer sheet.

[0044] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the circular tube.

[0045] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the slider.

[0046] Figure 8 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the base.

[0047] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] 1. Packaging shell, 2. Temperature sensing element, 3. Buffer sheet, 4. Circular tube, 5. Slider, 6. Spring, 7. Base, 8. Bolt, 9. Thermal insulation layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to facilitate the skilled in the art to understand and implement the patent of the present application, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0050] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the measuring device of the present application. As shown in Figure 1 , the present application is composed of a packaging shell 1, a temperature sensing element 2, a buffer sheet 3, a circular tube 4, a sliding block 5, a spring 6, a base 7, and a bolt 8. The right end close to the temperature sensing element 2 is defined as the right end, and the left end away from the temperature sensing element 2 is defined as the left end. The small disc 22 at the right end of the temperature sensing element 2 is clamped into the annular groove 12 at the right end of the packaging shell 1 to package the right end of the packaging shell 1. The base 7 is fixed to the left end of the packaging shell 1 by the bolt 8 to package the left end of the packaging shell 1. The temperature sensing element 2, the buffer sheet 3, the circular tube 4, and the base 7 are coaxially installed in the packaging shell 1 from right to left. The circular tube 4 is connected with the base 7 through the inner thread 41 at the left end, and the right end of the circular tube 4 is tightly attached to the left end face of the buffer sheet 3. The sliding block 5 and the spring 6 are coaxially installed in the circular tube 4 from right to left, the right end of the spring 6 is connected with the left end of the sliding block 5 through the adhesive, and the left end of the spring 6 is fixed to the right end face of the base 7.

[0051] Figure 2 is an axial sectional view of the present application, Figure 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the packaging shell 1. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the packaging shell 1 is cylindrical. The outer diameter D1 of the packaging shell 1 satisfies 0.02m<D1<0.03m, the wall thickness t1 satisfies 0.005m<t1<0.01m, the inner diameter d1=D1-2t1, and the length L1 satisfies 0.08m<L1<0.2m; the right end of the packaging shell 1 is machined with an annular groove 12 coaxial with the central axis OO’ of the packaging shell 1 from the outer wall inward, the depth L 12 of the annular groove 12 satisfies 0.0005m<L 12 <0.004m, the inner diameter d 12 of the annular groove 12 =4d1 / 5, the outer diameter of the annular groove 12=D1; the temperature sensing element 2 is clamped into the annular groove 12 of the packaging shell 1 through the small disc 22 at the right end; the left end face of the packaging shell 1 is machined with four evenly distributed screw holes 11, the distance r1=(D1+d1) / 4 between the center of the screw hole 11 and the central axis OO’ of the packaging shell 1 satisfies 0.002m<Φ1<0.004m, the depth t 11 of the screw hole 11 satisfies 0.005m<t 11<0.015m; the base 7 is fixed to the left end of the packaging shell 1 through the four bolt holes 11 by bolts 8; the outer side wall and the left and right end faces of the packaging shell 1 are coated with a heat insulation layer 9, so that there is no heat exchange between the inside and outside of the packaging shell 1, thereby achieving the heat insulation effect. The thickness t9 of the heat insulation layer 9 satisfies 0.00001m < t9 < 0.001m, and the thermal conductivity λ1 satisfies 0.01W / (m·K) < λ1 < 0.04W / (m·K). The packaging shell 1 is made of metal material or organic glass, and the material is required to satisfy: yield strength σ1 > 150MPa, density ρ1 > 1.0g / cm 3 , and the principle is that the packaging shell 1 does not produce plastic deformation under external impact.

[0052] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the temperature sensing element 2. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4 , the temperature sensing element 2 is used to absorb the heat of the transient temperature field, causing its own temperature rise, thereby changing the magnetization of the temperature sensing element 2. The temperature sensing element 2 is shaped as a two-stage stepped cylinder, composed of a large disc 21 and a small disc 22. The thickness t 21 of the large disc 21 satisfies 0.0002m < t 21 < 0.001m, and the diameter D 21 of the large disc 21 is equal to the inner diameter d1 of the packaging shell 1. The thickness t 22 of the small disc 22 is equal to the length L 12 of the annular groove 12 at the right end of the packaging shell 1, and the diameter D 22 of the small disc 22 is equal to the inner diameter d 12 of the annular groove 12 at the right end of the packaging shell 1. The temperature sensing element 2 is clamped into the annular groove 12 at the right end of the packaging shell 1 through the small disc 22, and the temperature sensing element 2 is made of hard magnet with a highest working temperature range of 80℃-300℃, and the material is required to satisfy that it does not produce plastic deformation under external impact, and the specific requirements of the material satisfy: yield strength σ2 > 200MPa, density ρ2 > 2.0g / cm 3 , magnetic induction intensity Br1 satisfies 12000Gs < Br1 < 13000Gs, and can withstand 1 second to 10 minutes at a high temperature of 1000℃-10000℃.

[0053] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the buffer sheet 3. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the buffer sheet 3 is used to isolate the heat dissipation of the temperature sensing element 2 and other factors of transient high temperature field from the interference of the internal measuring device, and is in the shape of a disc with a diameter D3 equal to the inner diameter d1 of the packaging shell 1 and a thickness t3 satisfying 0.001 m < t3 < 0.003 m. The buffer sheet 3 is made of a high polymer material with good buffer energy absorption performance and strong heat insulation capacity, and the material specifically satisfies a yield strength σ3 > 30 MPa, a density ρ3 < 1.0 g / cm 3 , and a thermal conductivity λ3 < 0.4 W / (m·K); the buffer sheet 3 is clamped and fixed between the circular tube 4 and the temperature sensing element 2 in the packaging shell 1.

[0054] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the circular tube 4. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 6 , the circular tube 4 is used to limit the movement direction of the slider 5 and can visually record the maximum displacement of the slider 5 during the measurement process. The circular tube 4 is in the shape of a cylinder with a length L4 = L1-L 12 -t 21 -t3, an outer diameter D4 equal to the inner diameter d1 of the packaging shell 1, a wall thickness t4 satisfying 0.001 m < t4 < 0.003 m, and an inner diameter d4 = D4-2t4. The left end of the circular tube 4 is provided with an internal thread 41 with a diameter Φ 41 equal to the inner diameter d4 of the circular tube 4, and a length L 41 of the internal thread 41 satisfying 0.005 m < L 41 < 0.008 m, and the circular tube 4 is connected with the base 7 through the internal thread 41. The circular tube 4 is made of a high polymer material with good light transmission and certain strength, and the material specifically satisfies a light transmission rate higher than 80%, a yield strength σ4 > 20 MPa, and a density ρ4 < 1.2 g / cm 3 ; the inner wall surface of the circular tube 4 is polished to reduce friction when the slider 5 moves; and the circular tube 4 is between the base 7 and the buffer sheet 3 to tightly press the buffer sheet 3 against the left end of the temperature sensing element 2.

[0055] As shown in Figure 2 , the spring 6 is used to control the displacement of the slider during the measurement process. The outer diameter D6 of the spring satisfies D6 = 0.8d4, and the initial length L6 of the spring satisfies L6 = L4-L5-L 41 ; the spring is made of a non-magnetic metal material, and specifically satisfies a spring elastic coefficient k6 satisfying k6 < 10000 N·m, a density ρ6 satisfying ρ6 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , and a yield strength satisfying σ6 > 100 MPa; the left and right two ports of the spring 6 are ground flat, and the right end of the spring 6 and the left end of the slider 5, and the left end of the spring 6 and the right end of the base 7 are connected through a cementing agent.

[0056] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the slider 5. As shown inFigure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, the slider 5 slides in the circular tube 4 under the action of the spring 6 and the temperature sensing element 2, which is used to characterize the change in the magnetization intensity of the temperature sensing element 2. The slider 5 is in the shape of a disk, and its diameter D5 is equal to the inner diameter d4 of the circular tube 4, and the thickness L5 satisfies 0.005m <L5<0.008m。滑块5沿轴向加工有4个均匀分布的通孔51,通孔51中心到中心轴OO’的距离r5=D5 / 4,通孔51直径d 51 =D5 / 5. The slider 5 is made of hard magnetic material, and the specific requirement is that the material meets the magnetic induction intensity Br2 of 2000Gs. <Br2<4000Gs,密度ρ5满足ρ5<9.0g / cm 3 ; The slider 5 is located in the circular tube 4, the side of the slider 5 is polished, and the friction coefficient between the slider 5 and the circular tube 4 is less than 0.01. The side of the slider 5 is smeared with colored ink to record the maximum movement position of the slider 5 in the circular tube 4.

[0057] Figure 8 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the base 7. Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, the base 7 is used to package the left end of the package shell 1 and install the measuring device. It is in the shape of a two-stage stepped cylinder and consists of a disk 71 and a cylinder 72. The diameter D of the disk 71 is 71 Equal to the outer diameter D1 of the packaging shell 1, length L 71 Meet 0.005m <L 71 <0.01m. The left end face of the disk 71 is processed with a central threaded hole 73, the center diameter of the central threaded hole 73 is Φ 73 Satisfy 0.008m<Φ 73 <0.012m, center threaded hole 73 depth t 73 Meet 0.01m <t 73 <0.015m, the sensor device is fixed by connecting the center threaded hole 73 to the fixed object. The disc 71 is processed with 4 evenly distributed screw holes 74. The distance r7 between the center of the screw hole 74 and the center of the end face is equal to the distance r1 between the center of the screw hole 11 on the left end face of the packaging shell 1 and the center of the end face. The median diameter of the screw hole 74 is Φ 74 The length L of the cylinder 72 is equal to the diameter Φ1 of the screw hole 11 on the left end face of the package shell 1. 72 Equal to the length L of the internal thread 41 of the round tube 4 41 The side of the cylinder 72 is processed with an external thread 75, and the middle diameter of the external thread 75 is Φ 75 Equal to the middle diameter of the internal thread at the left end of the round tube 4 Φ 41 , the length of the external thread is equal to L 72 The base 7 is made of metal material, and the specific requirements are that the material meets the yield strength σ7>200MPa, ρ7>2.0g / cm 3 .

[0058] The screw 8 has a thread size of Φ8, which satisfies Φ8 = Φ1, and a length L8, which satisfies L8 = L 71 +t 11 The material of the screw 8 satisfies a yield strength σ8 > 200 MPa, a density ρ8 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , and a strength grade no less than 8.8.

[0059] The main parameters of one embodiment of the application are as follows: D1 = 0.03 m, t1 = 0.005 m, d1 = 0.02 m, L1 = 0.09 m, r1 = 0.0125 m, L 12 = 0.0025 m, d 12 = 0.016 m, Φ1 = 0.002 m, t 11 = 0.01 m, t 22 = 0.0006 m, t3 = 0.0015 m, L4 = 0.0854 m, t4 = 0.002 m, d4 = 0.016 m, L 41 = 0.006 m, L5 = 0.005 m, r5 = 0.004 m, d 51 = 0.0032 m, L6 = 0.744 m, D6 = 0.0128 m, L 71 = 0.005 m, t 73 = 0.012 m, Φ 73 = 0.01 m, t9 = 0.00005 m. The packaging shell 1, the base (7) and the screw (8) are all made of steel, the steel has a yield strength σ1 = 300 MPa and a density ρ1 = 7.8 g / cm 3 ; the temperature sensing element (2) is made of a neodymium-iron-boron magnet, has a yield strength σ2 = 800 MPa, a density ρ2 = 7.45 g / cm 3 , and a magnetic induction intensity Br1 = 12500 Gs; the buffer sheet (3) is made of high-density polyethylene, has a yield strength σ3 = 30 MPa, a density ρ3 = 0.93 g / cm 3 , and a thermal conductivity λ3 = 0.35 W / (m·K); the circular tube (4) is made of acrylic, has a light transmittance of 92%, a yield strength σ4 = 81 MPa, and a density ρ4 = 1.18 g / cm 3 ; the slider (5) is made of a neodymium-iron-boron magnet, has a yield strength σ5 = 800 MPa, a density ρ5 = 7.45 g / cm3, and a magnetic induction intensity Br2 = 2000 Gs; the spring (6) is made of stainless steel, has an elastic coefficient k6 = 100 N·m, a density ρ6 satisfying ρ6 = 7.93 g / cm 3 , and a yield strength satisfying σ6 = 350 MPa.

[0060] The method for measuring the thermal dose of the transient temperature field by the measuring device designed according to the above parameters is:

[0061] First step: carry out thermal dose-displacement calibration test:

[0062] 1.1 Arrange the temperature-sensing element 2, spring 6 and slider 5 according to the relative positions in the measuring device on the same horizontal plane, record the initial temperature T0 of the temperature-sensing element and the mass m2;

[0063] 1.2 Record the initial position x0 of the slider 5, use the HTL-500EX heating plate of Shenzhen Bobaike Biological Technology Co., Ltd. to heat the temperature-sensing element (2), and require the temperature rising range to be within the working temperature range of the temperature-sensing element 2.

[0064] 1.3 Measure the temperature T1 of the temperature-sensing element 2, combine the specific heat capacity c of the temperature-sensing element 2 to obtain the thermal dose Q absorbed by the temperature-sensing element 2, Q = cm2(T1-T0), and according to the loading time t, fit the thermal dose curve Q(t)

[0065] 1.4 Measure the temperature of the temperature-sensing element 2 at the same time, measure the position x of the slider 5 h , obtain the displacement ε of the slider 5 = x h -x0, combine the loading time t, and fit the displacement curve ε(t);

[0066] 1.5 Combine the thermal dose curve Q(t) and the displacement curve ε(t) to obtain the corresponding relationship between the thermal dose (Q) and the displacement (ε);

[0067] Second step, clamp the small disc 22 at the right end of the temperature-sensing element 2 in the annular groove 12 at the right end of the packaging shell 1, install the buffer sheet 3 at the left end of the temperature-sensing element 2, fix the slider 5 with adhesive at the right end of the spring 6, fix the base 7 with adhesive at the left end of the spring 6, fix the circular tube 4 through the internal thread 41 at the right end of the base 7, fix the base 7 through the bolt 8 at the left end of the packaging shell 1, and form the measuring device, which is firmly fixed on the ground or a firm support through the central threaded hole 73 of the base 7.

[0068] Third step, place the explosive at a distance of 3m-5m from the right end of the measuring device, the right end surface of the measuring device faces the center of the explosive, that is, the center of the explosive and the axis of the measuring device are both on the central axis OO', check whether the temperature-sensing element 2 and the packaging shell 1 are in close contact, and ensure that the slider 5 and the circular tube 4 can slide freely, measure and record the initial position of the slider 5 (i.e. the distance of the slider 5 in the circular tube 4 from the left end of the circular tube 4) x1=0.002m, smear colored ink on the side wall of the slider 5, and place the slider 5 into the circular tube 4.

[0069] Fourth step, through the explosion of explosives (equivalent to 30 kg of TNT in this experiment) at the right end of the test device to get the transient temperature field, the temperature of the temperature sensor 2 is not rising to cause the magnetic force to decrease, so that the sliding block 5 is subjected to the pulling force of the spring 6 greater than the magnetic force of the temperature sensor 2, so that the sliding block 5 generates left acceleration, and the sliding block 5 slides to the left in the circular tube 4, when the sliding block 5 is subjected to the pulling force of the spring 6 and the magnetic force of the temperature sensor 2 again balanced, the sliding block 5 stops moving. After the transient temperature field ends, the distance x2 = 0.015 m of the sliding block 5 in the circular tube 4 from the left end of the circular tube 4 is measured.

[0070] Fifth step, calculate the displacement ε of the sliding block 5 in the circular tube 4, ε = x1-x2 = 0.013 m.

[0071] Sixth step, according to the displacement ε of the sliding block 5 in the circular tube, according to the corresponding relationship between the heat dose (Q) and the displacement (ε), the heat dose Q (unit: J / m 2 ) of the temperature sensor 2 in the transient temperature field is found, and the heat dose Q = 161.21 kJ / m 2 at a distance of 4 m from the explosion center is obtained.

[0072] Seventh step, by removing the base 7 and replacing the new circular tube 4, so as to realize the reuse of the test device.

[0073] The heat dose measurement method is simple, the physical process is clear, and can be used for the measurement of heat dose of explosive explosion, gas explosion and other complex and severe temperature fields, and is a new choice for heat dose measurement.

[0074] The above embodiment is only one embodiment of the present application, and the specific structure and size can be adjusted according to actual needs, it should be pointed out that for ordinary skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, these all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device based on hard magnets, characterized in that A transient temperature field thermal dose measuring device based on a hard magnet is composed of a packaging shell (1), a temperature sensing element (2), a buffer sheet (3), a round tube (4), a slider (5), a spring (6), a base (7), and a bolt (8); the end close to the temperature sensing element (2) is defined as the right end, and the end away from the temperature sensing element (2) is defined as the left end; the small disc (22) at the right end of the temperature sensing element (2) is inserted into the annular groove (12) at the right end of the packaging shell (1) to package the right end of the packaging shell (1); the base (7) is fixed to the packaging shell (1) by the bolt (8) The left end of the packaging shell (1) is packaged; the temperature sensing element (2), the buffer sheet (3), the round tube (4), and the base (7) are coaxially installed in the packaging shell (1) from right to left; the round tube (4) is connected to the base (7) through the left end internal thread (41), and the right end of the round tube (4) is in close contact with the left end surface of the buffer sheet (3); the slider (5) and the spring (6) are coaxially installed in the round tube (4) from right to left, the right end of the spring (6) is connected to the left end of the slider (5) through a binder, and the left end of the spring (6) is fixed to the right end surface of the base (7) through a binder; The encapsulating shell (1) is cylindrical; the outer diameter of the encapsulating shell (1) is D1, the wall thickness is t1, the inner diameter d1 = D1-2t1, and the length is L1; an annular groove (12) coaxial with the central axis OO' of the encapsulating shell (1) is machined from the outer wall inward at the right end of the encapsulating shell (1), and the depth of the annular groove (12) is L 12 , the inner diameter of the annular groove (12) is d 12 , the outer diameter of the annular groove (12) = D1; the left end face of the packaging shell (1) is processed with four evenly distributed screw holes (11), the distance between the center of the screw hole (11) and the central axis OO' of the packaging shell (1) is r1, and the middle diameter of the screw hole (11) is Φ1; the base (7) is fixed to the left end of the packaging shell (1) by bolts (8) passing through the four screw holes (11); the outer side wall and the left and right end faces of the packaging shell (1) are coated with a heat insulation layer (9) so that there is no heat exchange between the inside and outside of the packaging shell (1); the packaging shell (1) is made of metal material or organic glass, and it is required that the packaging shell (1) does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to external impact; The temperature sensing element (2) is used to absorb the heat of the transient temperature field, causing its own temperature to rise, thereby changing the magnetization intensity of the temperature sensing element (2); the temperature sensing element (2) is in the shape of a two-stage stepped cylinder, consisting of a large disk (21) and a small disk (22); the thickness of the large disk (21) is t 21 , the diameter D of the large disk (21) 21 Equal to the inner diameter d1 of the packaging shell (1); the thickness t of the small disc (22) 22 Equal to the length L of the annular groove (12) at the right end of the packaging shell (1) 12 , the diameter D of the small disk (22) 22 Equal to the inner diameter d of the annular groove (12) at the right end of the packaging shell (1) 12 The temperature sensing element (2) is inserted into the annular groove (12) at the right end of the package shell (1) through the small disc (22). The temperature sensing element (2) is made of a hard magnet that does not produce plastic deformation under external impact. The buffer sheet (3) is used to isolate the heat dissipation of the temperature sensing element (2) and the interference of other factors of the transient high temperature field on the inside of the measuring device. The shape of the buffer sheet is a disk, the diameter D3 of which is equal to the inner diameter d1 of the packaging shell (1), and the thickness is t3; the buffer sheet (3) is made of a polymer material, is located between the circular tube (4) and the temperature sensing element (2), and is clamped and fixed in the packaging shell (1) by the circular tube (4) and the temperature sensing element (2); The circular tube (4) is used to limit the movement direction of the slider (5) and record the maximum displacement of the slider (5) during the measurement process; the circular tube (4) is cylindrical in shape, and its length L4 = L1-L 12 -t 21 -t3, the outer diameter D4 is equal to the inner diameter d1 of the packaging shell (1), the wall thickness is t4, and the inner diameter d4 = D4-2t4; the left end of the circular tube 4 is processed with an internal thread 41, and the circular tube (4) is connected to the base (7) through the internal thread (41); the circular tube (4) is made of polymer material; the inner wall surface of the circular tube (4) is polished, the circular tube (4) is located between the base (7) and the buffer plate (3), and the buffer plate (3) is pressed tightly against the left end of the temperature sensing element (2); The slider (5) slides in the circular tube (4) under the action of the spring (6) and the temperature sensing element (2) to characterize the change in the magnetization intensity of the temperature sensing element (2); the slider (5) is in the shape of a disc, and its diameter D5 is equal to the inner diameter d4 of the circular tube (4); the slider (5) is processed with four evenly distributed through holes (51) along the axial direction; the slider (5) is made of hard magnetic material; the slider (5) is located in the circular tube (4); the side of the slider (5) is polished and smeared with colored ink to record the maximum movement position of the slider (5) in the circular tube (4); The spring (6) is used to control the displacement of the slider during the measurement process and is made of non-magnetic metal material; the left and right ends of the spring (6) are ground flat; The base (7) is used to encapsulate the left end of the encapsulation shell (1) and to install the measuring device. The base (7) is in the shape of a two-stage stepped cylinder and is composed of a disc (71) and a cylinder (72). The diameter D of the disc (71) is 71 The diameter of the cylinder (72) is equal to the outer diameter D1 of the package shell (1); a central threaded hole (73) is processed on the left end face of the disk (71), and the sensor device is fixed by connecting the central threaded hole (73) with a fixed object; the disk (71) is processed with four evenly distributed screw holes (74), and bolts (8) pass through the screw holes (74) to connect the package shell (1) and the base (7); the length of the cylinder (72) is L 72 Equal to the length L of the internal thread (41) of the round tube (4) 41 The side of the cylinder (72) is processed with an external thread (75) to connect with the round tube (4); the base (7) is made of metal material.

2. The hard magnet-based transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that The outer diameter D1 of the encapsulation housing (1) satisfies 0.02 m < D1 < 0.03 m, the wall thickness t1 satisfies 0.005 m < t1 < 0.01 m, and the length L1 satisfies 0.08 m < L1 < 0.2 m; the depth L of the annular groove (12) 12 satisfies 0.0005 m < L 12 < 0.004 m, and the inner diameter d of the annular groove (12) 12 = 4d1 / 5; the distance r1 between the center of the screw hole (11) and the central axis OO' of the encapsulation housing (1) is r1 = (D1 + d1) / 4, the pitch diameter Φ1 of the screw hole (11) satisfies 0.002 m < Φ1 < 0.004 m, and the depth t of the screw hole (11) 11 satisfies 0.005 m < t 11 < 0.015 m; the thickness t9 of the heat insulation layer (9) satisfies 0.00001 m < t9 < 0.001 m.

3. The transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device based on hard magnets according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness t of the large disk (21) of the temperature sensing element (2) is 21 Meet 0.0002m <t 21 <0.001m; the thickness t3 of the buffer sheet (3) satisfies 0.001m <t3<0.003m。 4. The hard magnet-based transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that The wall thickness t4 of the circular tube (4) satisfies 0.001 m < t4 < 0.003 m, and the pitch diameter Φ of the internal thread (41) machined at the left end of the circular tube (4) 41 is equal to the inner diameter d4 of the circular tube (4), and the length L of the internal thread (41) 41 satisfies 0.005 m < L 41 < 0.008 m.

5. The transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device based on hard magnets according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness L5 of the slider (5) satisfies 0.005 m < L5 < 0.008 m; the distance r5 from the center of the through hole (51) of the slider (5) to the central axis OO' is r5 = D5 / 4, and the diameter d of the through hole (51) 51 = D5 / 5; the friction coefficient between the side surface of the slider (5) and the circular tube (4) is less than 0.

01.

6. The hard magnet-based transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that The outer diameter D6 of the spring (6) satisfies D6=0.8d4, and the initial length L6 of the spring (6) satisfies L6=L4-L5-L 41 .

7. The hard magnet-based transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that The length L of the disc (71) of the base (7) 71 Meet 0.005m <L 71 <0.01m; the center diameter of the threaded hole (73) on the left end face of the disk (71) is Φ 73 Satisfy 0.008m<Φ 73 <0.012m, depth t of the central threaded hole (73) 73 Meet 0.01m <t 73 <0.015m; the distance r7 between the center of the screw hole (74) on the disk (71) and the center of the end face circle is equal to the distance r1 between the center of the screw hole (11) on the left end face of the package shell (1) and the center of the end face circle, and the median diameter of the screw hole (74) is Φ 74 Equal to the diameter Φ1 of the screw hole (11) on the left end face of the package shell (1); the length L of the cylinder (72) of the base (7) 72 Equal to the length L of the internal thread (41) of the round tube (4) 41 The outer thread (75) on the side of the cylinder (72) is equal to the length L of the cylinder (72) 72 , external thread (75) middle diameter Φ 75 Equal to the middle diameter of the internal thread at the left end of the round tube (4) 41 .

8. The hard magnet-based transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that The thread size Φ8 of the bolt (8) satisfies Φ8=Φ1, and the length L8 satisfies L8=L 71 +t 11 .

9. The hard magnet-based transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that The metal material or plexiglass used for the encapsulation housing (1) satisfies: yield strength σ1 > 150 MPa, density ρ1 > 1.0 g / cm 3 ; The hard magnet used for the temperature sensing element (2) requires the maximum operating temperature range to be between 80°C and 300°C, and the yield strength σ2 > 200 MPa, density ρ2 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , the magnetic induction intensity Br1 satisfies 12000 Gs < Br1 < 13000 Gs, and it can withstand 1 second to 10 minutes at high temperatures of 1000°C to 10000°C; The polymer material used for the buffer sheet (3) requires the yield strength σ3 > 30 MPa, density ρ3 < 1.0 g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ3 < 0.4 W / (m·K); The polymer material used for the circular tube (4) requires the light transmittance to be higher than 80%, yield strength σ4 > 20 MPa, density ρ4 < 1.2 g / cm 3 ; The hard magnetic material used for the slider (5) satisfies the magnetic induction intensity Br2 satisfies 2000 Gs < Br2 < 4000 Gs, density ρ5 satisfies ρ5 < 9.0 g / cm 3 ; The non-magnetic metal material used for the spring (6) requires the spring elastic coefficient k6 to satisfy k6 < 10000 N·m, density ρ6 satisfies ρ6 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , yield strength satisfies σ6 > 100 MPa; The metal material used for the base (7) satisfies yield strength σ7 > 200 MPa, density ρ7 > 2.0 g / cm 3 ; The thermal conductivity λ1 of the heat insulation layer (9) satisfies 0.01 W / (m·K) < λ1 < 0.04 W / (m·K); The material used for the bolt (8) satisfies yield strength σ8 > 200 MPa, ρ8 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , and the strength grade is not lower than 8.8 grade.

10. A method for measuring transient temperature field thermal dose using the hard magnet-based transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1: Conduct thermal dose-displacement calibration test: 1.1 Arrange the temperature sensing element (2), spring (6) and slider (5) on the same horizontal plane according to their relative positions in the measuring device, and record the initial temperature T0 and mass m2 of the temperature sensing element; 1.2 Record the initial position x0 of the slider (5), and use a heating plate to heat the temperature sensing element (2), requiring that the temperature rise range of the temperature sensing element (2) is within the operating temperature range of the temperature sensing element (2); 1.3 Measure the temperature T1 of the temperature sensing element (2), and combine it with the specific heat capacity c of the temperature sensing element (2) to obtain the thermal dose Q absorbed by the temperature sensing element (2), Q = cm2 (T1-T0), and according to the loading time t, obtain the thermal dose curve Q(t); 1.4 While measuring the temperature of the temperature sensing element (2), measure the position x of the slider (5) h , we get the displacement of slider (5) ε=x h -x0, combined with the loading time t, the displacement curve ε(t) is fitted; 1.5 Combine the thermal dose curve Q(t) with the displacement curve ε(t) to obtain the corresponding relationship between thermal dose (Q) and displacement (ε); In the second step, the small disc (22) at the right end of the temperature sensing element (2) is clamped in the annular groove (12) at the right end of the packaging shell (1), the buffer sheet (3) is installed at the left end of the temperature sensing element (2), the slider (5) is fixed to the right end of the spring (6) with a binder, the base (7) is fixed to the left end of the spring (6) with a binder, the round tube (4) is fixed to the right end of the base (7) through the internal thread (41), and the base (7) is fixed to the left end of the packaging shell (1) through the screw (8), thereby forming a measuring device, which is firmly fixed to the ground or a solid support through the central threaded hole (73) of the base (7); The third step is to place the explosive at a distance of 3m to 5m from the right end of the measuring device, with the right end face of the measuring device facing the center of the explosive, that is, the center of the explosive and the axis of the measuring device are both on the central axis OO', check whether the temperature sensing element (2) and the packaging shell (1) are in close contact, and ensure that the slider (5) and the circular tube (4) can slide freely, measure and record the initial position of the slider (5), that is, the distance x1 of the slider (5) in the circular tube (4) from the left end of the circular tube (4), smear colored ink on the side wall of the slider (5), and place the slider (5) in the circular tube (4); The fourth step is to obtain a transient temperature field by detonating explosives at the right end of the test device. The temperature sensing element (2) is heated by the explosion field, and the temperature rise causes the magnetism to decrease, so that the pulling force of the spring (6) on the slider (5) is greater than the magnetic force of the temperature sensing element (2), causing the slider (5) to generate a leftward acceleration, and the slider (5) slides to the left in the circular tube (4). When the pulling force of the spring (6) on the slider (5) and the magnetic force of the temperature sensing element (2) are balanced again, the slider (5) stops moving; after the transient temperature field ends, the distance x2 of the slider (5) from the left end of the circular tube (4) is measured; Step 5: Calculate the displacement ε of the slider (5) in the circular tube 4, ε = x1-x2; The sixth step is to find the thermal dose Q of the transient temperature field on the temperature sensing element (2) according to the displacement ε of the slider (5) in the circular tube and the corresponding relationship between thermal dose (Q) and displacement (ε). The unit of Q is J / m 2 , realizing fast passive quantitative measurement of thermal dose in transient temperature field; In the seventh step, the test device can be reused by removing the base (7) and replacing it with a new round tube (4).

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