Non-intrusive passive wireless self-energy-taking quantum current sensor

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a non-intrusive passive wireless self-energy-taking quantum current sensor. The quantum current sensor comprises a self-energy-taking module and a quantum current sensing module. The self-energy-taking module is used for collecting environment energy of the environment where the tested device is located and converting the environment energy into electric energy so as to supply power to the quantum current sensing module through the converted electric energy; the environment energy comprises at least one of electric energy, light energy and magnetic energy; and the quantum current sensing module is used for sensing a current signal of the detected device under the condition of detecting that the detected device generates the magnetic field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of sensor technology, and in particular to a non-invasive passive wireless self-energy quantum current sensor. Background Art

[0002] With the profound transformation of the global energy structure, the future power grid will enter a new era of large-scale AC / DC hybrid. This change has put forward more urgent demands for wide temperature range and high-precision current sensors, becoming one of the key challenges to ensure the high reliability of the power grid.

[0003] Traditional ammeters have limited application scope because they need to be directly connected to the circuit loop.

[0004] Although the use of electromagnetic induction coils for non-contact measurement can circumvent this problem, it can only capture the change in current and is insufficient for the measurement of constant direct current. Therefore, improvement is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a non-invasive passive wireless self-energy quantum current sensor that can improve the convenience of using quantum current sensors in order to address the above technical problems.

[0006] A non-invasive passive wireless self-energy quantum current sensor, the quantum current sensor comprising a self-energy module and a quantum current sensing module;

[0007] A self-energy collection module is used to collect environmental energy of the environment in which the device under test is located, and convert the environmental energy into electrical energy, so as to power the quantum current sensing module through the converted electrical energy; the environmental energy includes at least one of electrical energy, light energy and magnetic energy;

[0008] The quantum current sensing module is used to sense the current signal of the device under test when a magnetic field generated by the device under test is detected.

[0009] In one embodiment, the quantum current sensing module includes a diamond NV color center magnetic sensing probe, a laser device, a microlens, and a photoelectric conversion submodule;

[0010] Diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe, used to transmit control instructions to the laser equipment when the magnetic field generated by the device under test is detected;

[0011] A laser device for generating a laser beam according to a control instruction;

[0012] A microlens is used to converge the laser beam to the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe to stimulate the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe to generate a fluorescence signal;

[0013] The photoelectric conversion submodule is connected to the laser device and the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe, and is used to convert the reference laser and fluorescence signals emitted by the laser device into current signals of the device under test.

[0014] In one embodiment, the self-energy extraction module includes:

[0015] The DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule is used to collect the electric energy on the DC transmission line in the environment where the device under test is located;

[0016] The laser energy collection submodule is used to collect the light energy generated by the laser device in the environment of the device under test and convert the generated light energy into electrical energy;

[0017] The current transformer energy acquisition submodule is used to collect the magnetic energy of the magnetic field generated by the substation and the conductor in the environment of the device under test, and convert the magnetic energy of the magnetic field into electrical energy;

[0018] The energy storage submodule is connected to the DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule, the laser energy acquisition submodule and the current transformer energy acquisition submodule, and is used to store the electric energy obtained by the DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule, the laser energy acquisition submodule and the current transformer energy acquisition submodule.

[0019] In one of the embodiments, the current transformer energy acquisition submodule acquires energy by intermittent energy acquisition when determining that the current value corresponding to the magnetic energy of the magnetic field is in the first current interval;

[0020] and the current transformer energy acquisition submodule acquires energy by continuously acquiring energy when it is determined that the current value corresponding to the magnetic energy of the magnetic field is located in the second current interval;

[0021] The value of the first current interval is smaller than the value of the second current interval.

[0022] In one embodiment, the energy storage submodule includes:

[0023] The multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitor is connected to the DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule, the laser energy acquisition submodule and the current transformer energy acquisition submodule, and is used to store the electric energy obtained by the DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule, the laser energy acquisition submodule and the current transformer energy acquisition submodule.

[0024] In one embodiment, the laser device comprises:

[0025] A laser, for generating a laser beam according to a control instruction;

[0026] Laser noise suppressor is used to suppress the power noise generated by the laser during operation.

[0027] In one embodiment, the quantum current sensing module further includes:

[0028] The microwave generation and analysis submodule is connected to the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe and the photoelectric conversion submodule, and is used to send an original microwave signal to the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe so that the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe returns a feedback microwave signal corresponding to the original microwave signal. The microwave generation and analysis submodule is also used to determine the magnetic field information of the magnetic field generated by the device under test according to the feedback microwave signal and the current signal output by the photoelectric conversion submodule;

[0029] The microwave radiation substructure is connected to the microwave generation and analysis submodule and is used to reduce the transmission loss and reflection of the original microwave signal.

[0030] In one embodiment, the diamond NV color center magnetic sensing probe includes a diamond NV color center and a microwave conductive antenna, and the quantum current sensing module also includes a microwave modulation submodule;

[0031] The microwave modulation submodule is used to generate a microwave modulation submodule signal and send the microwave modulation submodule signal to the diamond NV color center through a microwave conduction antenna, so as to control the manipulation consistency of the diamond ensemble NV color center through the microwave modulation submodule signal.

[0032] In one embodiment, the quantum current sensing module further includes a temperature calibration submodule, and the temperature calibration submodule is used to suppress the temperature drift of the microwave modulation submodule.

[0033] In one embodiment, the quantum current sensor further includes a shielding shell; the self-energy extraction module and the quantum current sensing module are located in the cavity of the shielding shell.

[0034] In one of the embodiments, the shielding shell includes a conductive metal outer layer, a nanocrystalline soft magnetic inner layer and an equipotential module.

[0035] In one of the embodiments, the electric energy on the DC transmission line in the environment where the device under test is located is converted from magnetic energy, electric energy or light energy.

[0036] In one of the embodiments, the DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule is constructed based on the voltage drop principle of the DC transmission line.

[0037] In one embodiment, the energy storage submodule further includes a voltage converter, which is used to adjust the output voltage of the multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitor according to the working voltage of the quantum current sensing module.

[0038] The above-mentioned non-invasive passive wireless self-energy quantum current sensor uses a self-energy module to collect energy from the environment around the device under test. Through an efficient energy conversion mechanism, the self-energy module can convert this environmental energy into electrical energy, thereby providing the required power for the quantum current sensing module. The self-energy module frees the quantum current sensor from dependence on external power supplies and power cords. Through self-energy technology, the sensor can work independently in any place where there is environmental energy to be collected, which improves its flexibility and convenience of use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum current sensor in one embodiment;

[0040] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum current sensor in another embodiment;

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a shielding shell in one embodiment;

[0042] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a self-energy extraction module in one embodiment;

[0043] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage submodule in one embodiment;

[0044] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum current sensing module in one embodiment;

[0045] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a MEMS quantum current sensing element in one embodiment;

[0046] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a laser device in one embodiment;

[0047] Fig. 9 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a highly integrated ASIC component housing in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a non-invasive passive wireless self-energy quantum current sensor, the quantum current sensor includes a self-energy module 1 and a quantum current sensing module 2;

[0050] The self-energy acquisition module 1 is used to collect the ambient energy of the environment in which the device under test is located, and convert the ambient energy into electrical energy, so as to power the quantum current sensing module through the converted electrical energy.

[0051] The quantum current sensing module 2 is used to sense the current signal of the device under test when detecting that the device under test generates a magnetic field.

[0052] It is understandable that the main function of the self-energy module is to collect the ambient energy of the environment where the device under test (such as wires, circuit boards, etc.) is located and convert this energy into electrical energy. The purpose of this is to achieve self-sufficiency of the sensor, that is, no external power supply is required.

[0053] Among them, environmental energy can include at least one of electrical energy, light energy and magnetic energy. This means that the sensor can be designed and selected according to the type of available energy in the actual application scenario. For example, in an environment with sufficient light, light energy can be selected as the energy source; in a scene with rich electromagnetic environment, electrical energy or magnetic energy can be selected. The converted electrical energy is used to power the quantum current sensing module, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the entire sensor system.

[0054] The core task of the quantum current sensing module is to sense and measure the current signal of the device under test. This is achieved by detecting the magnetic field generated by the device under test. When current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is generated around it. The quantum current sensing module can use this physical phenomenon to indirectly measure the magnitude and direction of the current. The quantum current sensing module uses quantum physics principles or technologies to enhance the accuracy and sensitivity of the measurement. The design of the entire sensor is non-invasive, which means that it does not make direct physical contact with the device under test or change the working state of the device under test. This helps to maintain the accuracy of the measurement and the safety of the device under test.

[0055] The above-mentioned non-invasive passive wireless self-energy quantum current sensor uses a self-energy module to collect energy from the environment around the device under test. Through an efficient energy conversion mechanism, the self-energy module can convert this environmental energy into electrical energy, thereby providing the required power for the quantum current sensing module. The self-energy module frees the quantum current sensor from dependence on external power supplies and power cords. Through self-energy technology, the sensor can work independently in any place where there is environmental energy to be collected, which improves its flexibility and convenience of use.

[0056] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the non-invasive passive wireless self-energy quantum current sensor also includes a wireless communication module 3 and a shielding shell 4.

[0057] It is understandable that in the measurement of ultra-high voltage end current, the real-time and reliability of data are crucial. This is because the stable operation of the power system requires accurate and timely current information for control and protection. In order to meet these needs, the wireless communication module 3 in this embodiment adopts a reliable radio frequency transmission technology based on the industrial wireless network (Wireless Networks for Industrial Automation, WIA) system. The WIA system is a wireless network standard designed specifically for industrial environments, which provides high reliability and low latency communication capabilities. At the same time, short-range wireless laser communication technology for power applications is also used. Laser communication has the characteristics of good directionality and strong anti-interference ability, and is suitable for use in power systems with complex electromagnetic environments. By combining the two communication technologies of radio frequency and laser, a multi-mode complementary communication solution is realized.

[0058] In addition, the wireless communication module 3 in this embodiment can flexibly select the most appropriate communication mode according to the actual environment and usage requirements, thereby ensuring low latency and high reliability of data transmission. The point-to-point wireless communication delay is controlled at ≤100μs, which meets the extremely high real-time requirements of the ultra-high voltage end sensor. At the same time, by optimizing the communication protocol and error handling mechanism, more than 99.999% of high-reliability application requirements are achieved, effectively solving the problem of low latency and high-reliability communication of ultra-high voltage end sensors.

[0059] It is understandable that electromagnetic interference is a serious problem in an ultra-high voltage environment. Strong electromagnetic fields may interfere with the normal operation of the sensor and even cause measurement errors or equipment damage. In order to solve this problem, the shielding shell 4 in this embodiment can provide a physical barrier to block direct interference from external electromagnetic fields.

[0060] Further, such as Figure 3 As shown, the shielding shell 4 includes a conductive metal outer layer, a nanocrystalline soft magnetic inner layer and an equipotential module; wherein,

[0061] The shielding shell 4 is designed as a sleeve type to form a physical barrier. Effectively block direct interference from external electromagnetic fields. Nanocrystalline soft magnetic material: As the inner layer material of the shielding shell, it has excellent magnetic shielding performance. It can further absorb and weaken the residual magnetic field penetrating the shielding shell and reduce the impact of the magnetic field on the sensor. The nanocrystalline structure makes the material have higher magnetic permeability and better magnetic shielding effect. Equipotential technology: Through special design, ensure that the potential at each point inside the shielding shell is equal. Eliminate electromagnetic interference caused by potential difference and improve the measurement accuracy and stability of the sensor; the equipotential module may include equipotential connectors, equipotential wires and other components to achieve potential balance inside the shielding shell.

[0062] Through the application of this combined electromagnetic field shielding technology, the power frequency electromagnetic protection performance of the embodiment is significantly improved, reaching more than 80dB. This performance level is 2 orders of magnitude higher than the existing technology, which means that the sensor can maintain stable operation in a more severe electromagnetic environment and is not affected by external electromagnetic interference. This combined electromagnetic field shielding technology provides a more reliable guarantee for current measurement at the ultra-high voltage end. It can not only improve the measurement accuracy and stability of the sensor, but also extend the service life of the sensor.

[0063] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the self-energy extraction module 1 includes:

[0064] The DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule 10 is used to collect the electric energy on the DC transmission line in the environment where the device under test is located;

[0065] The laser energy collection submodule 11 is used to collect the light energy generated by the laser device in the environment of the device under test and convert the generated light energy into electrical energy;

[0066] The current transformer energy acquisition submodule 12 is used to collect the magnetic energy of the magnetic field generated by the substation and the conductor in the environment where the device under test is located, and convert the magnetic energy of the magnetic field into electrical energy;

[0067] The energy storage submodule 13 is connected to the DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule, the laser energy acquisition submodule and the current transformer energy acquisition submodule, and is used to store the electric energy obtained by the DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule, the laser energy acquisition submodule and the current transformer energy acquisition submodule.

[0068] Among them, the DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule 10 is specifically used to collect electrical energy on the DC transmission line in the environment where the device under test is located. In the DC transmission system, due to factors such as line resistance and contact resistance, there will be a small voltage difference between different points. The DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule uses this voltage difference to extract electrical energy. Through special circuit design and energy conversion technology, the small voltage difference on the DC transmission line can be converted into usable electrical energy, providing continuous power support for the sensor.

[0069] Among them, the laser energy harvesting submodule 11 is used to collect the light energy generated by the laser device in the environment where the device under test is located and convert it into electrical energy. In some scenarios, the laser device will emit a strong light beam. The laser energy harvesting submodule contains photoelectric conversion elements, such as photovoltaic cells, which can efficiently convert the received light energy into electrical energy. This conversion process is based on the photoelectric effect, that is, when photons interact with matter, they can excite electrons, thereby generating current.

[0070] Among them, the current transformer energy acquisition submodule 12 is used to collect the magnetic energy of the magnetic field generated by the substation and the conductor in the environment where the device under test is located, and convert it into electrical energy. In the power system, when the current flows through the conductor, it will generate a surrounding magnetic field, which contains energy. The current transformer energy acquisition submodule uses special magneto-electric conversion technology, such as the principle of magnetic induction, to convert the energy in the magnetic field into electrical energy. This conversion process usually involves components such as magnetic cores and windings, which can sense changes in the magnetic field and generate corresponding currents.

[0071] Specifically, the current transformer energy extraction submodule extracts energy through an intermittent energy extraction method when it is determined that the current value corresponding to the magnetic energy of the magnetic field is located in the first current interval; and the current transformer energy extraction submodule extracts energy through a continuous energy extraction method when it is determined that the current value corresponding to the magnetic energy of the magnetic field is located in the second current interval.

[0072] The value of the first current interval is smaller than the value of the second current interval.

[0073] It is understandable that when the current transformer energy acquisition submodule detects that the current value corresponding to the magnetic energy of the magnetic field falls within the first current interval (the value of this interval is relatively small), the submodule will adopt an intermittent energy acquisition method. In this mode, the energy acquisition process is not continuous, but is carried out at preset time intervals, which can reduce energy consumption and ensure that electric energy can be effectively collected even when the current is small.

[0074] If the current value jumps to the second current interval (the value of this interval is greater than the first current interval), the submodule will switch to the continuous energy extraction mode. In this mode, the energy extraction process is continuous to maximize the use of the abundant magnetic energy under high current conditions and provide sufficient and stable power for the sensor.

[0075] The first current range is set based on the consideration of low current conditions in actual application scenarios, aiming to ensure that sufficient electrical energy can be accumulated through intermittent energy extraction in low current environments. Compared with the first current range, the second current range is set for higher current conditions to make full use of the abundant magnetic energy under these conditions for continuous energy extraction.

[0076] By dynamically adjusting the energy collection method, this embodiment implements an intelligent energy collection strategy, which not only ensures effective energy collection under low current conditions, but also maximizes the collection of electrical energy under high current conditions. The flexible switching between intermittent energy collection and continuous energy collection helps to reduce unnecessary energy loss and improve overall energy efficiency.

[0077] Among them, the energy storage submodule 13 is connected to the above three energy extraction submodules to store the electrical energy they obtain. Due to the instability and intermittency of environmental energy, directly utilizing this energy may not be able to meet the continuous power supply needs of the sensor. The energy storage submodule usually includes energy storage elements, such as batteries or supercapacitors, which can store the electrical energy obtained from the energy extraction submodule and release it to the sensor when needed. Through a reasonable energy management strategy, the energy storage submodule can ensure that the sensor can obtain a stable power supply under various environmental conditions.

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the energy storage submodule 13 includes a multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitor 131 and a voltage converter 132; wherein,

[0079] A multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitor is connected to the DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule, the laser energy acquisition submodule and the current transformer energy acquisition submodule, and is used to store the electric energy obtained by the DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule, the laser energy acquisition submodule and the current transformer energy acquisition submodule;

[0080] The voltage converter is used to adjust the output voltage of the multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitor according to the operating voltage of the quantum current sensing module.

[0081] It is understandable that the multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitor is the core energy storage element in the energy storage submodule, which is responsible for storing the electrical energy obtained from different energy acquisition submodules (such as DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule, laser energy acquisition submodule, and current transformer energy acquisition submodule). These energy acquisition submodules collect environmental energy or energy during the operation of the equipment in their own way (such as using DC voltage difference, laser energy, and electrical energy induced by current transformers), and convert it into electrical energy to supply multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitor storage. Multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitors have the characteristics of high energy density, long life, and fast charging and discharging, which can ensure continuous and stable electrical energy for the quantum current sensing module under complex and changeable working conditions.

[0082] It is understandable that the voltage converter is a key regulating element in the energy storage submodule. It is responsible for adjusting the output voltage of the multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitor according to the working voltage requirements of the quantum current sensing module. Since the quantum current sensing module has specific requirements for the working voltage, and the output voltage of the multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitor may fluctuate with the change of the stored power, it is necessary to use a voltage converter for precise voltage regulation. The voltage converter can ensure the output of a stable and required voltage, providing high-quality power supply for the quantum current sensing module, thereby ensuring its normal operation and measurement accuracy.

[0083] In an exemplary embodiment, the DC voltage difference energy harvesting submodule is constructed based on the voltage drop principle of the DC transmission line. The specific process is: establish an equivalent low-voltage and high-current model of the transmission line, adopt an ultra-high gain boost converter solution, and collect the electricity generated on the high-voltage DC transmission line.

[0084] Among them, the electric energy on the DC transmission line in the environment where the device under test is located is converted from magnetic energy, electric energy or light energy. First, the actual DC transmission line is modeled and equivalent to a low-voltage and high-current circuit model. This model can reflect the relationship between the voltage, current, resistance, inductance and other parameters of the transmission line. Through this model, the voltage drop in the transmission line and the electric energy contained therein can be analyzed and calculated more accurately. Next, in order to efficiently collect the electric energy in the transmission line, a special circuit device, an ultra-high gain boost converter, is required. The ultra-high gain boost converter has the ability to convert low-voltage electric energy into high-voltage electric energy and has a very high boost ratio. In this way, even if the voltage drop in the transmission line is very small, it can be converted into a higher voltage through the boost converter, which facilitates the subsequent electric energy collection and utilization. Through the ultra-high gain boost converter, the low-voltage electric energy in the transmission line can be converted into high-voltage electric energy and collected. The collected electric energy can be stored in an energy storage device (such as a multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitor) for subsequent use.

[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, the laser energy harvesting submodule is based on high-power, high-beam quality laser emission technology, high-power laser shaping technology, and adopts an efficient photoelectric conversion scheme to achieve efficient transmission of energy and collect the electricity generated by the laser.

[0086] Specifically, the laser energy harvesting submodule first emits laser light through a high-power, high-beam-quality laser. These laser beams are highly directional and concentrated, and can be stably transmitted in the air or in a specific medium. During the laser transmission process, high-power laser shaping technology will accurately shape the laser beam. When the shaped laser beam reaches the receiving end, the efficient photoelectric conversion scheme comes into play. It uses advanced photoelectric conversion materials and technologies to efficiently convert the light energy in the laser into electrical energy. This electrical energy is then collected and stored in energy storage devices (such as multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitors) for subsequent use.

[0087] In an exemplary embodiment, the current transformer CT energy acquisition submodule adopts optocoupler automatic control and adaptive switching multi-voltage rectification energy acquisition method to reliably draw power at low currents and continuously draw power at high currents, collecting electricity generated in substations and conductor magnetic fields.

[0088] Among them, the current transformer CT energy acquisition submodule converts the alternating magnetic field around the conductor into sensor electrical energy based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It adopts optocoupler automatic control and adaptive switching multi-voltage rectification energy acquisition method to reliably obtain power at low currents and continuously obtain power at high currents, and collects the electricity generated in the substation and conductor magnetic field.

[0089] Specifically, as a key component for isolating and transmitting signals, the optocoupler device can monitor the current in real time and automatically adjust the energy-harvesting strategy according to the current changes. When the current is small, the optocoupler device will trigger the corresponding control circuit to make the energy-harvesting submodule run in low-power mode, ensuring reliable power supply even under low current conditions.

[0090] The multi-voltage rectifier circuit is a circuit structure that can efficiently increase voltage. It can convert a lower input voltage into a higher output voltage. Adaptive switching technology can automatically adjust the working state of the multi-voltage rectifier circuit according to the current size, ensuring continuous and stable power supply under high current conditions. When the current increases, the adaptive switching technology will adjust the parameters of the multi-voltage rectifier circuit so that it can efficiently handle larger currents, thereby continuously providing sufficient power for the sensor.

[0091] When the current is low, the thyristor is disconnected, and the current transformer CT energy-taking submodule supplies power to the load and energy storage capacitor. The energy-taking modules are connected to multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitors to charge them.

[0092] In order to solve the voltage stability problem caused by lithium-ion supercapacitors, pulse width modulation (PWM) switch and low dropout regulator (LDO) technology are used to design the sensor's power supply voltage management solution. That is, the self-energy module also includes a power management module, which can achieve more than 20 multi-voltage power supplies with an accuracy of 1% under a power supply voltage of 1.2V~15V. The power supply efficiency reaches more than 90%, ensuring the stable operation of the quantum current sensor.

[0093] Specifically, the power management module uses a multi-power supply circuit to achieve comprehensive and efficient use of multiple sources such as DC voltage difference, laser, and ultra-wide range CT, monitors and manages the power generation of the three energy-taking modules and the power of the rechargeable battery, and can directly use the power of the energy-taking module through the DC / DC converter to power other modules of the sensor or use multi-level lithium-ion supercapacitors to power it. It also manages the charging of the battery to prevent overcharging and damage to the battery.

[0094] There is a trigger circuit on the bidirectional thyristor. The MCU (microcontroller unit) on the power control module will adjust the duty cycle of the output PWM according to the relationship between the power required by the load, energy extraction and energy storage, and dynamically control the conduction time of the bidirectional thyristor to achieve the conduction of the thyristor when the current is large. The current transformer CT energy extraction submodule is short-circuited to extract energy and discharge, and the energy storage capacitor supplies power to the load.

[0095] In one embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, the quantum current sensing module 2 includes: a MEMS quantum current sensitive element 21 and a highly integrated ASIC element 22;

[0096] The quantum current sensor module integrates two important units: MEMS quantum current sensitive components and highly integrated ASIC components. This integrated design makes the module small and low-power, which is very suitable for occasions with strict requirements on volume and energy consumption.

[0097] Among them, the MEMS quantum current sensitive element adopts a fiber-free high-integration structure of "multi-wafer stacking + double-stacked grating interference + microlens". This structure breaks through the problem of heterogeneous integration of diamond and silicon, and realizes the integrated integration of 6 devices in a very small volume (1cm³). This highly integrated design not only reduces the size of the component, but also improves its sensitivity and stability. The fiber-free design reduces external interference and improves the accuracy of measurement. Multi-wafer stacking and double-stacked grating interference technology enhance the sensitivity of the component to current, making the measurement more accurate. The addition of microlenses further optimizes the optical path and improves the transmission efficiency of optical signals.

[0098] Among them, the highly integrated ASIC components adopt a highly complex, multi-dimensional channel quantum current sensor closed-loop conditioning ASIC architecture. This architecture realizes the simultaneous excitation of six waves of fine magnetic resonance energy levels, allowing 10 functional modules to be integrated in a very small volume (0.1cm³). The multi-dimensional channel design enables the ASIC components to process multiple input signals simultaneously, improving processing speed and efficiency. The closed-loop conditioning architecture enhances the stability and reliability of the system, making the measurement more accurate and stable. The simultaneous excitation of six waves of fine magnetic resonance energy levels further improves the accuracy and resolution of the measurement.

[0099] The quantum current sensing module in this embodiment achieves miniaturization and reduced power consumption by integrating two units: MEMS quantum current sensitive elements and highly integrated ASIC elements. MEMS quantum current sensitive elements adopt an innovative fiber-free high-integration structure to achieve the integrated integration of multiple devices. The highly integrated ASIC elements achieve high integration and simultaneous excitation of multifunctional modules through complex architecture and sophisticated design. This design not only improves the measurement accuracy and stability of the quantum current sensing module, but also provides it with broad application prospects in miniaturized and low-power applications.

[0100] Optional, such as Figure 7 As shown, the MEMS quantum current sensing element 21 includes a diamond NV color center magnetic sensing probe 210, a laser device 211, a microlens 212, a microwave generation and analysis submodule 213, and a photoelectric conversion submodule;

[0101] Among them, the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe 210 is used to transmit control instructions to the laser device when it detects that the magnetic field generated by the device under test is generated.

[0102] The laser device 211 is used to generate a laser beam according to a control instruction.

[0103] The microlens 212 is used to converge the laser beam to the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe to excite the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe to generate a fluorescence signal.

[0104] The photoelectric conversion submodule 213 is connected to the laser device and the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe, and is used to convert the reference laser and fluorescence signal emitted by the laser device into the current signal of the device under test.

[0105] Among them, the microwave generation and analysis submodule is connected to the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe and the photoelectric conversion submodule, and is used to send the original microwave signal to the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe so that the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe returns a feedback microwave signal corresponding to the original microwave signal. The microwave generation and analysis submodule is also used to determine the magnetic field information of the magnetic field generated by the device under test based on the feedback microwave signal and the current signal output by the photoelectric conversion submodule.

[0106] The MEMS quantum current sensitive element 21 also includes a microwave radiation substructure 214, which is connected to the microwave generation and analysis submodule. Through the impedance matching design technology, the ground plane and the impedance transformation structure are optimized to reduce the transmission loss and reflection of the original microwave signal.

[0107] Optional, diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe is a key component of MEMS quantum current sensitive elements, which uses NV color centers in diamond to detect magnetic fields. NV color centers are a special diamond defect state, which is composed of two C12 atoms replaced by a nitrogen atom and a vacancy V, and appear in pairs. The accuracy and minimum detection limit of magnetic field measurement are closely related to indicators such as the concentration of NV color centers in diamond and decoherence time. A high concentration of NV color centers can improve the sensitivity of measurement, while a long decoherence time helps to maintain the stability of measurement. As a natural quantum sensor, NV color centers have high stability and extremely high sensitivity to magnetic fields, which makes them unique in the field of magnetic field measurement.

[0108] The preparation of diamond NV color centers is a complex and delicate process, which mainly includes two steps:

[0109] 1. Diamond material preparation, including: Growth equipment: MPCVD (microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition) growth equipment is used, which can provide a stable growth environment. Impurity suppression: The ring-shaped quartz glass design effectively suppresses the generation of impurities during the diamond growth process, ensuring the purity of the diamond. Plasma control: The controllable uniform plasma technology is used to improve the uniformity of diamond growth, thereby producing high-purity diamonds with a purity of more than 99.99%. Nitrogen atom doping: During the diamond growth process, nitrogen atoms of about 1-10ppm are synchronously doped, which is the basis for the formation of NV color centers.

[0110] 2. Preparation of diamond NV color centers, including: Electron irradiation and high temperature annealing: Based on the diamond substrate, nitrogen atoms in diamond are converted into NV color centers through electron irradiation. High temperature annealing is then performed to stabilize the structure of the NV color center. In-situ annealing technology: The electron irradiation in-situ annealing technology is used to realize the process of irradiation and annealing, integrating the original two sets of equipment into one set, greatly improving the conversion rate of NV color centers (from 20% to 50%).

[0111] In summary, the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe is the core component of the MEMS quantum current sensitive element. The NV color center prepared here has extremely high magnetic field measurement sensitivity and stability, providing a solid guarantee for the performance of the quantum current sensor.

[0112] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 8 As shown, the laser device includes a laser 2110 and a laser noise suppressor 2111; wherein the laser is used to generate a laser beam according to a control instruction; and the laser noise suppressor is used to suppress the power noise generated by the laser during operation.

[0113] It is understandable that the laser noise suppressor is mainly used to suppress the power noise of the laser and improve the sensitivity of magnetic detection; the laser is mainly used for initializing the quantum state of the NV color center of the diamond ensemble. According to the control instructions input from the outside, the laser is responsible for generating a precisely controlled laser beam. These laser beams have many applications in the field of quantum technology. For example, in this embodiment, they are specifically used for initializing the quantum state of the NV color center of the diamond ensemble. As a popular candidate for quantum bits, the precise initialization of the quantum state of the NV color center is the basis for realizing applications such as quantum computing and quantum sensing.

[0114] It is understandable that the core task of the laser noise suppressor is to suppress the power noise that is inevitably generated during the operation of the laser. These noises may interfere with the initialization process of the quantum state, thereby reducing the sensitivity of magnetic detection. By effectively suppressing these noises, the laser noise suppressor plays a key role in improving the magnetic detection performance of the entire system. The laser noise suppressor may use a variety of technical means to achieve noise suppression, such as active noise control, passive noise isolation, and optical filtering. The combined use of these technologies can significantly reduce the noise component in the laser output, thereby improving the purity and stability of the laser beam.

[0115] In this embodiment, in high-precision applications such as quantum sensing and quantum computing, any tiny noise may have a significant impact on the experimental results. Therefore, the introduction of the laser noise suppressor is crucial to improving the overall performance of the system and the sensitivity of magnetic detection. The collaborative work of the laser and the laser noise suppressor enables the laser device 211 to simultaneously meet the requirements of high power output and low noise level.

[0116] In an exemplary embodiment, the microlens 212 uses its optical properties to converge the laser beam generated by the laser. By precisely adjusting the focal length and position of the lens, it can be ensured that the laser beam is irradiated onto the diamond NV color center magnetic sensing probe with the smallest spot size and the highest energy density. When the laser beam converges and irradiates the diamond NV color center, it will stimulate the electrons in the NV color center to transition from the ground state to the excited state. Subsequently, these excited electrons will spontaneously return to the ground state and release a fluorescent signal. The precise convergence of the microlens 212 ensures that the laser beam can effectively excite the NV color center to produce a fluorescent signal, providing a basis for subsequent magnetic sensing measurements.

[0117] The convergence of the laser beam by the microlens 212 can significantly improve the coupling efficiency between the laser beam and the diamond NV color center magnetic sensing probe, thereby enhancing the intensity of the fluorescence signal. This not only helps to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of magnetic sensing measurement, but also further improves the accuracy and sensitivity of the measurement.

[0118] In an exemplary embodiment, the photoelectric conversion submodule 213 is capable of receiving a reference laser from a laser device and a fluorescence signal generated by a diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe. These optical signals carry important information about the magnetic field or current being measured. The core function of this submodule is to convert the received optical signals (reference laser and fluorescence signal) into electrical signals. This process usually involves the use of photoelectric effect or photoelectric conversion materials to ensure that the optical signal can be efficiently converted into an electrical signal that can be processed and analyzed by subsequent circuits. The converted electrical signal is output in the form of current, and these current signals are directly related to the state of the device under test (such as a magnetic field source or a current source). By measuring and analyzing these current signals, key parameters such as the magnetic field strength, direction or current size of the device under test can be inferred.

[0119] In an exemplary embodiment, the primary task of the microwave generation and analysis submodule is to generate the original microwave signal and send it accurately to the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe. The diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe, due to its unique physical properties, can respond to the received microwave signal, and this response is closely related to the magnetic field state of the environment in which the probe is located. After receiving the microwave signal, the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe will modulate the original microwave signal according to the state of the magnetic field in which it is located, generate a feedback microwave signal, and send it back to the microwave generation and analysis submodule. This feedback signal contains key information about the magnetic field generated by the device under test. After receiving the feedback microwave signal, the microwave generation and analysis submodule will use its built-in high-precision analysis circuit to carefully process and analyze the signal. At the same time, the submodule will also combine the current signal output by the photoelectric conversion submodule. This signal also contains relevant information about the magnetic field, which is converted from the photocurrent generated by the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe under light. By combining these two types of signals, the microwave generation and analysis submodule can accurately parse the detailed magnetic field information of the magnetic field generated by the device under test, such as magnetic field strength, direction, etc.

[0120] In one embodiment, Fig. 9 As shown, it is a structural block diagram of a highly integrated ASIC element 22, and the highly integrated ASIC element 22 includes a digital demodulation submodule 220, a temperature calibration submodule 220 and a microwave modulation submodule 222; wherein,

[0121] The digital demodulation submodule 220 is mainly used for receiving and quickly demodulating the fluorescence signal in the quantum current sensitive element, and realizing the frequency tracking and identification of the fluorescence signal, and generating a digital fast agile signal. The demodulation speed directly affects the measurement speed of the MEMS quantum current sensitive element; the microwave modulation submodule is mainly used for exciting the microwave signal in the MEMS quantum current sensitive element, and directly determines the range, accuracy and speed of the magnetic field measurement;

[0122] The temperature calibration submodule 220 is mainly used to suppress the temperature drift of the ASIC circuit body, so as to ensure the high reliability operation of the ASIC circuit in a wide temperature range environment.

[0123] It is understandable that the main task of the temperature calibration submodule 220 is to suppress the temperature drift (temperature drift) caused by the temperature change of the ASIC circuit body. Temperature drift refers to the deviation of circuit parameters (such as voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, etc.) due to temperature changes, which will affect the performance and accuracy of the circuit.

[0124] Specifically, the temperature calibration submodule first needs to monitor the operating temperature of the ASIC circuit in real time. This is usually achieved through a built-in temperature sensor that can sense temperature changes around the circuit and convert them into electrical signals. Based on the monitored temperature information, the temperature calibration submodule generates corresponding calibration signals or adjusts parameters to compensate for circuit parameter offsets caused by temperature changes. This calibration may involve adjusting the gain, frequency response, or threshold voltage of key components such as amplifiers, filters, and comparators in the circuit. The calibration signal or adjustment parameter will be fed back to the relevant part of the ASIC circuit to correct the error caused by temperature changes in real time. This feedback control mechanism ensures that the circuit can maintain stable performance and accuracy in a wide temperature range environment. Through the continuous operation of the temperature calibration submodule, the ASIC circuit can maintain high reliability under extreme temperature conditions (such as high or low temperature environments). This is especially important for electronic devices that need to work in harsh environments (such as outdoor communication equipment, industrial control systems, etc.).

[0125] Furthermore, the diamond NV color center magnetic sensing probe includes a diamond NV color center and a microwave conductive antenna; a microwave modulation submodule 222, which is used to generate a microwave modulation submodule signal and send the microwave modulation submodule signal to the diamond NV color center through the microwave conductive antenna, so as to control the manipulation consistency of the diamond ensemble NV color center through the microwave modulation submodule signal.

[0126] It is understandable that as the core element of magnetic sensing, the diamond NV color center is extremely sensitive to magnetic field changes due to its unique quantum properties. It can convert magnetic field information into measurable quantum state changes and is a key element in quantum magnetic sensing technology. It is understandable that the microwave transmission antenna is responsible for efficiently transmitting external microwave signals to the diamond NV color center. It acts as a bridge to ensure that the microwave signal can accurately interact with the NV color center, thereby achieving accurate measurement of the magnetic field.

[0127] When the external magnetic field changes, the quantum state of the diamond NV center will change accordingly. The microwave signal applied through the microwave transmission antenna can interact with the NV center, and then the information of the external magnetic field can be inferred by measuring the signal change after this interaction. The microwave modulation submodule is a key part of the quantum current sensing module, which is responsible for generating precisely controllable microwave modulation submodule signals. These signals have specific frequencies, amplitudes and phases, and are an important means to manipulate the consistency of the diamond ensemble NV center. Through the microwave transmission antenna, the microwave modulation submodule signal is sent to the diamond NV center. These signals can precisely manipulate the quantum state of the NV center and ensure that the behavior of each NV center in the diamond ensemble remains consistent. This is crucial to improving the accuracy and stability of magnetic sensing.

[0128] In this embodiment, the temperature calibration submodule is used to suppress the temperature drift of the microwave modulation submodule.

[0129] It is understandable that the core task of the temperature calibration submodule is to ensure that the microwave modulation submodule can maintain stable performance under various temperature conditions. Since electronic equipment generates heat when working, the working environment temperature changes. This temperature change may cause slight changes in the internal circuit parameters of the microwave modulation submodule, thereby affecting its working performance and the accuracy of the output signal. This phenomenon is called temperature drift. In order to effectively deal with this problem, the temperature calibration submodule is integrated into the system. It first monitors the working temperature of the microwave modulation submodule in real time through a high-precision temperature sensor. Once the temperature change is detected, the temperature calibration submodule will respond quickly and generate corresponding calibration signals or adjustment parameters. These calibration signals or adjustment parameters are then applied to the microwave modulation submodule to correct the circuit parameter offset caused by temperature changes in real time. Through this dynamic calibration process, the temperature calibration submodule can significantly suppress the temperature drift of the microwave modulation submodule, ensuring that it can maintain high accuracy and stability in a wide temperature range environment.

[0130] The highly integrated ASIC components in this embodiment, relying on advanced CMOS technology, successfully build a highly complex quantum current sensor ASIC system architecture. This architecture not only cleverly integrates high-difficulty circuits such as microwave conditioning, digital demodulation submodules, and temperature self-compensation, but also achieves high integration of these three functional modules in an extremely compact 0.1cm³ space, and forms a close connection with the detector sensitive elements in a fully closed loop;

[0131] In terms of signal conditioning, the ASIC component uses advanced ASIC technologies such as configurable upper and lower sideband wideband frequency conversion and orthogonal mixing to achieve free adjustment of the conditioned signal with a large double-sideband bandwidth centered on a single frequency point, thereby effectively expanding the bandwidth and achieving a double effect. At the same time, the component also integrates highly complex circuits with a GHz-level frequency modulation range such as local oscillator signals and high-performance microwave signals, and uses an orthogonal mixing structure combined with high-order network matching technology to significantly improve the image suppression ratio of the mixer, further enhancing the accuracy and stability of signal processing;

[0132] In terms of temperature self-compensation, the highly integrated ASIC components use innovative on-chip modulation signal monitoring technology, combined with the mapping relationship between temperature and RF key circuit performance indicators, to dynamically adjust the state and bias of the RF circuit, ensuring the stable operation of the ASIC components in a wide temperature range. This technology not only improves the adaptability of the components, but also provides a strong guarantee for their reliable operation in harsh environments;

[0133] In terms of demodulation and signal generation, this ASIC component is unique. It adopts the advanced solution of "digital demodulation + agile source signal fast generation + DAC fast establishment", based on the principle of digitally controlled oscillators, and cleverly uses digital technologies such as accumulators, mapping modules, and phase amplitude mappers to achieve fast and accurate generation of digital signals with a large frequency modulation range. At the same time, by developing phase-locked loop circuit noise suppression technology based on time domain amplification theory, this component can amplify the input time error, thereby improving the phase-locked loop loop gain and phase noise performance.

[0134] The above-mentioned MEMS quantum current sensing element integrates six core components including diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe, microwave transmission antenna, microwave modulation submodule, etc. in a very small space (1cm³). This highly integrated design not only reduces the size of the component, but also improves its reliability and stability. Compared with traditional quantum magnetic sensing technology, the MEMS quantum current sensing element in this embodiment adopts a fiber-free design. This feature makes the component more concise in structure, while also avoiding the additional complexity and cost brought by optical fiber. In addition, the fiber-free design also helps to improve the adaptability and flexibility of the component, enabling it to be more widely used in various environments.

[0135] The working principle of the above non-invasive passive wireless self-energy quantum current sensor is as follows: The working principle of the non-invasive passive wireless self-energy quantum current sensor is exquisite and efficient. The sensor realizes the effective collection of multi-source energy through three energy acquisition modules: DC voltage difference energy acquisition module, laser energy acquisition module and ultra-wide range current transformer CT energy acquisition module.

[0136] The DC voltage difference energy harvesting submodule uses the voltage difference between different points on the high-voltage DC transmission line to collect electrical energy by setting energy harvesting points. Its energy harvesting power is as high as 1.2W, providing a stable power basis for the sensor. At the same time, the laser energy harvesting submodule focuses on collecting the electrical energy generated by the laser, adding another energy source for the sensor. The ultra-wide range current transformer CT energy harvesting submodule further enhances the energy reserve of the sensor by capturing the electrical energy in the substation and the magnetic field of the conductor with an energy harvesting power of 0.8W.

[0137] In order to ensure the efficient use of these energies, the sensor has a built-in power management module. This module is not only responsible for monitoring and managing the power generation of the three energy extraction modules, but also constantly monitors the power status of the multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitor. When the energy is sufficient, it can directly power the other modules of the sensor through the DC / DC converter; when the energy is insufficient, it will automatically switch to the multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitor for power supply, ensuring that the sensor's comprehensive energy extraction power is not less than 2W in AC and DC scenarios, fully meeting the sensor's power requirements. The sensor also uses the cooperation of supercapacitors and self-energy extraction technology. This design not only ensures a stable supply of energy, but also stores excess electrical energy when there is excess energy. Even in the event of an emergency due to a power outage caused by a power grid failure, the laser energy extraction submodule can start quickly to ensure that the sensor continues to work without external interference.

[0138] In terms of current measurement, the sensor uses a highly integrated, fiber-free MEMS quantum current sensitive element for preliminary measurement. The highly integrated ASIC element fine-tunes the MEMS quantum current sensitive element through three functional modules: digital demodulation submodule, temperature calibration submodule, and microwave modulation submodule. This design not only greatly improves the sensor's range, accuracy, bandwidth, and power consumption performance, but also achieves the current measurement goals of a large range, high accuracy, wide bandwidth, and low power consumption.

[0139] Finally, all collected and processed data will be exchanged with other terminals in real time through wireless communication modules, providing strong technical support for the monitoring and management of power systems. In summary, the non-invasive passive wireless self-energy quantum current sensor has become an indispensable and important part of the power system with its unique working principle and excellent performance.

[0140] The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0141] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A non-invasive passive wireless self-powered quantum current sensor, characterized in that: The non-invasive passive wireless self-energy quantum current sensor comprises a self-energy module and a quantum current sensing module; The self-energy collection module is used to collect environmental energy of the environment in which the device under test is located, and convert the environmental energy into electrical energy, so as to power the quantum current sensing module through the converted electrical energy; the environmental energy includes at least one of electrical energy, light energy and magnetic energy; The quantum current sensing module is used to sense the current signal of the device under test when detecting that the device under test generates a magnetic field.

2. A non-invasive passive wireless self-powered quantum current sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum current sensing module includes a diamond NV color center magnetic sensing probe, a laser device, a microlens and a photoelectric conversion submodule; The diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe is used to transmit control instructions to the laser device when detecting that the magnetic field generated by the device under test; The laser device is used to generate a laser beam according to the control instruction; The microlens is used to converge the laser beam to the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe to excite the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe to generate a fluorescence signal; The photoelectric conversion submodule is connected to the laser device and the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe, and is used to convert the reference laser and the fluorescence signal emitted by the laser device into a current signal of the device under test.

3. A non-invasive passive wireless self-powered quantum current sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The self-energy extraction module comprises: A DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule, used to collect electrical energy on a DC transmission line in an environment where the device under test is located; A laser energy collection submodule, used to collect light energy generated by the laser device in the environment where the device under test is located, and convert the generated light energy into electrical energy; A current transformer energy acquisition submodule, used to collect the magnetic energy of the magnetic field generated by the substation and the conductor in the environment where the device under test is located, and convert the magnetic energy of the magnetic field into electrical energy; The energy storage submodule is connected to the DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule, the laser energy acquisition submodule and the current transformer energy acquisition submodule, and is used to store the electric energy obtained by the DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule, the laser energy acquisition submodule and the current transformer energy acquisition submodule.

4. A non-invasive passive wireless self-powered quantum current sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The current transformer energy acquisition submodule acquires energy in an intermittent energy acquisition manner when determining that the current value corresponding to the magnetic energy of the magnetic field is within the first current interval; and the current transformer energy acquisition submodule acquires energy by continuously acquiring energy when determining that the current value corresponding to the magnetic energy of the magnetic field is in the second current interval; The value of the first current interval is smaller than the value of the second current interval.

5. A non-invasive passive wireless self-powered quantum current sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The energy storage submodule comprises: A multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitor is connected to the DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule, the laser energy acquisition submodule and the current transformer energy acquisition submodule, and is used to store the electric energy obtained by the DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule, the laser energy acquisition submodule and the current transformer energy acquisition submodule.

6. A non-invasive passive wireless self-powered quantum current sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The laser device comprises: A laser, used to generate the laser beam according to the control instruction; The laser noise suppressor is used to suppress the power noise generated by the laser during operation.

7. A non-invasive passive wireless self-powered quantum current sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The quantum current sensing module also includes: a microwave generation and analysis submodule, connected to the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe and the photoelectric conversion submodule, and used to send an original microwave signal to the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe so that the diamond NV color center magnetic sensor probe returns a feedback microwave signal corresponding to the original microwave signal; the microwave generation and analysis submodule is also used to determine the magnetic field information of the magnetic field generated by the device under test according to the feedback microwave signal and the current signal output by the photoelectric conversion submodule; The microwave radiation substructure is connected to the microwave generation and analysis submodule and is used to reduce the transmission loss and reflection of the original microwave signal.

8. The non-invasive passive wireless self-powered quantum current sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diamond NV color center magnetic sensing probe includes a diamond NV color center and a microwave conductive antenna, and the quantum current sensing module also includes a microwave modulation submodule; The microwave modulation submodule is used to generate a microwave modulation submodule signal, and send the microwave modulation submodule signal to the diamond NV color center through the microwave conductive antenna, so as to control the manipulation consistency of the diamond ensemble NV color center through the microwave modulation submodule signal.

9. A non-invasive passive wireless self-powered quantum current sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The quantum current sensing module further includes a temperature calibration submodule, and the temperature calibration submodule is used to suppress the temperature drift of the microwave modulation submodule.

10. The non-invasive passive wireless self-powered quantum current sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum current sensor further comprises a shielding shell; the self-energy extraction module and the quantum current sensing module are located in the cavity of the shielding shell.

11. A non-invasive passive wireless self-powered quantum current sensor according to claim 10, characterized in that: The shielding shell comprises a conductive metal outer layer, a nanocrystalline soft magnetic inner layer and an equipotential module.

12. A non-invasive passive wireless self-powered quantum current sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The electric energy on the DC transmission line in the environment where the device under test is located is converted from magnetic energy, electric energy or light energy.

13. A non-invasive passive wireless self-powered quantum current sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The DC voltage difference energy acquisition submodule is constructed based on the voltage drop principle of the DC transmission line.

14. A non-invasive passive wireless self-powered quantum current sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The energy storage submodule also includes a voltage converter, which is used to adjust the output voltage of the multi-stage lithium-ion supercapacitor according to the operating voltage of the quantum current sensing module.

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