Project site selection suitability analysis method and system for GIS space superposition calculation

Abstract

According to the project site selection suitability analysis method and system based on GIS space superposition calculation, qualitative and quantitative analysis is carried out by comprehensively considering multiple influence factors, the suitability of project site selection is evaluated more comprehensively by utilizing a geographic information system (GIS), big data analysis and artificial intelligence, an optimal site selection scheme is found, and the project site selection suitability is improved. Therefore, the economical efficiency and sustainability of the project are improved, a project decision maker is helped to make a more scientific, accurate and sustainable decision, and the efficiency and benefits of the project are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geographical geological analysis applications, and in particular to a method and system for analyzing the suitability of engineering site selection based on GIS spatial overlay calculation. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and rapid economic development, engineering project construction has become an important part of modern social development. However, different engineering projects have different requirements for site selection, so suitability analysis is needed.

[0003] In the prior art, the methods for analyzing the suitability of project site selection mainly include the following:

[0004] (1) Judgment based on experience: Judgment is mainly based on the experience of professionals. First, the geological, hydrological, climatic and other natural conditions of the project site are investigated and analyzed, and then the degree of impact of these conditions on the project is judged based on experience. The advantage of this method is that it is simple and easy to implement, but it is highly subjective and it is difficult to guarantee the accuracy and objectivity of the analysis results.

[0005] (2) Prediction based on mathematical models: By building a mathematical model, the natural conditions of the project site are simulated and analyzed to predict their impact on the project. Commonly used mathematical models include regression analysis, gray prediction, neural network, etc. The advantage of this method is that it can provide quantitative prediction results, but it requires a large amount of data support and a complex calculation process.

[0006] In the existing technology, the project site suitability analysis method has the following objective shortcomings:

[0007] (1) Lack of comprehensive analysis: Existing technologies often only consider the impact of a single factor or a few factors on project site selection, while ignoring the comprehensive effects of multiple factors. For example, judgments based on experience often only consider certain intuitive natural conditions, while ignoring social, economic, environmental and other influencing factors. This may lead to inaccurate and incomplete analysis results.

[0008] (2) Data support and accuracy issues: Analytical methods based on mathematical models require a large amount of data support and high calculation accuracy. However, due to the limitations of data acquisition and processing, there are often problems such as low data quality and insufficient data volume, which will affect the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results.

[0009] (3) Technical complexity and cost issues: Analytical methods based on mathematical models require high technical support and high costs, which limits the application of these methods in small and medium-sized projects.

[0010] These objective shortcomings limit the wide application and accuracy of existing technologies in engineering site suitability analysis. Summary of the invention

[0011] The purpose of the technical solution of the present invention is to research and develop more advanced, comprehensive and objective analysis methods and technologies to improve the success rate and social benefits of engineering projects.

[0012] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical solution of the present invention provides a method for analyzing the suitability of engineering site selection by GIS spatial overlay calculation, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Collect the primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data of the designated analysis area. The primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data are used to describe the topographic data, geological data, climate data, hydrological data and vegetation data of the project area, classify the spatial data and attribute data, and perform data cleaning, format conversion and benchmark unification to obtain pre-processed spatial data and pre-processed attribute data;

[0014] The spatial data after preprocessing and the attribute data after preprocessing are fused with the spatial data and the attribute data after preprocessing, and a single factor database corresponding to the primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data is established. The single factor database is compiled into a corresponding data layer according to the corresponding data features to form a single factor original data layer; at the same time, the gridding function of the geographic information system is used to divide the primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data into a number of regular geographic space grid units, and the space and attributes of each regular geographic space grid unit are the same;

[0015] The single factor original data layer is divided into regular geographic space grid units to obtain single factor data. Based on the single factor data, the difficulty of groundwater exploitation and construction cost, low foundation bearing capacity, groundwater water richness, structural strength or anti-floating measures, chemical element analysis in groundwater, groundwater utilization value, chemical ion composition, long-term climate, rock and soil type, topography and geological conditions, site collapse, landslide, mud-rock flow disaster frequency and scope, spatial feature type are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and evaluated, and multiple membership tables with suitability index and suitability level are generated;

[0016] The spatial data on different layers in multiple membership tables are superimposed at the same spatial position to obtain the superimposed spatial layer, and the attribute data on different layers are combined and assigned to the superimposed spatial layer to obtain the suitability index and suitability level corresponding to the superimposed spatial layer;

[0017] According to the suitability index and suitability grade corresponding to the superimposed spatial layer, combined with the actual situation of the designated analysis area, an engineering site suitability analysis and evaluation map is generated.

[0018] Preferably, the primary indicator data include topography, geology, vegetation, surface water system, and human engineering activities; the secondary indicator single factor data include landform, minimum groundwater burial depth, groundwater richness, groundwater quality, climate characteristics, rock and soil characteristics, landslides, vegetation type, surface water depth, and ground space feature type.

[0019] Preferably, the terrain data in the single factor database is compiled into a terrain slope layer according to the characteristics of the terrain data.

[0020] Preferably, the geological data in the single factor database is compiled into a geological stability layer according to the characteristics of the geological data.

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention also provides a system for analyzing the suitability of an engineering site selection by using GIS spatial overlay calculation, which adopts the above-mentioned method for analyzing the suitability of an engineering site selection by using GIS spatial overlay calculation, and comprises:

[0022] The single factor layer data acquisition and processing module is used to collect the primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data of the specified analysis area. The primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data are used to describe the topographic data, geological data, climate data, hydrological data and vegetation data of the project area, classify the spatial data and attribute data, and perform data cleaning, format conversion and benchmark unification to obtain the pre-processed spatial data and pre-processed attribute data; use geographic information system technology to perform spatial and attribute data fusion on the pre-processed spatial data and pre-processed attribute data, establish a single factor database corresponding to the primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data, and compile the single factor database into corresponding data layers according to the corresponding data features to form a single factor original data layer;

[0023] The geospatial grid module is used to divide the primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data into a number of regular geospatial grid units by using the gridding function of the geographic information system while the single factor layer data collection and processing module is processing. The space and attributes of each regular geospatial grid unit are the same;

[0024] The single factor original data layer is divided into regular geographic space grid units to obtain single factor data. Based on the single factor data, the difficulty of groundwater exploitation and construction cost, low foundation bearing capacity, groundwater water richness, structural strength or anti-floating measures, chemical element analysis in groundwater, groundwater utilization value, chemical ion composition, long-term climate, rock and soil type, topography and geological conditions, site collapse, landslide, mud-rock flow disaster frequency and scope, spatial feature type are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and evaluated, and multiple membership tables with suitability index and suitability level are generated;

[0025] The spatial overlay calculation module is used to overlay the spatial data on different layers in multiple membership tables at the same spatial position to obtain the overlay spatial layer, and to combine the attribute data on different layers and assign them to the overlay spatial layer to obtain the suitability index and suitability level corresponding to the overlay spatial layer;

[0026] The project site suitability analysis and evaluation module is used to generate a project site suitability analysis and evaluation map based on the suitability index and suitability grade corresponding to the superimposed spatial layer and the actual situation of the specified analysis area.

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention proposes a method and system for analyzing the suitability of engineering site selection and fortification construction. By comprehensively considering multiple influencing factors for qualitative and quantitative analysis, and using geographic information system (GIS), big data analysis, and artificial intelligence, the suitability of engineering site selection is more comprehensively evaluated, and the optimal site selection plan is found, thereby improving the economy and sustainability of the project, helping engineering decision makers make more scientific, accurate and sustainable decisions, and improving the efficiency and benefits of the project. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the composition of an engineering site suitability analysis system for GIS spatial overlay calculation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A flow chart of a method for analyzing the suitability of an engineering site selection using GIS spatial overlay calculations provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application equally.

[0031] See also Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a GIS spatial overlay calculation system for project site suitability analysis, which provides a scientific basis for the project site selection process and can improve the accuracy of project site selection. The system uses single factor layer data collection and processing 12, performs single factor layer analysis and evaluation 13, combines geographic space grid 14, generates single factor analysis and evaluation grid unit 15, performs spatial overlay calculation 16, and finally realizes the output of project site suitability analysis and evaluation map 17. The details are as follows:

[0032] The engineering site suitability analysis 11 is based on various data collected by single factor layer data collection and processing 12, including topography, geology, vegetation, surface water system, human engineering activities and other primary indicator data. It also includes secondary indicator single factor data such as topography, minimum groundwater burial depth, groundwater water richness, groundwater quality, climate characteristics, rock and soil characteristics, landslide, vegetation type, vegetation breast diameter, surface water depth, ground space type, etc. After data cleaning, format conversion, benchmark unification, space and attribute information fusion and other processing, each single factor data layer is established.

[0033] The geospatial grid 14 divides the research area into a number of regular geospatial grids according to research requirements, and each grid has the same geographical features and attributes.

[0034] In the single factor analysis evaluation grid unit 15, each single factor layer data is divided according to a regular geographic space grid to obtain factor data of each grid unit. Each grid unit is qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated to form an evaluation result of the regular grid unit.

[0035] The spatial superposition calculation 16 performs spatial superposition calculation on the evaluation results of each regular grid unit to obtain a comprehensive evaluation result of each grid. The spatial superposition calculation can adopt weighted average, weighted superposition and other methods to comprehensively consider the influence of each single factor.

[0036] The engineering site suitability analysis and evaluation diagram 17 is used to conduct an engineering site suitability analysis and evaluation based on the results of spatial superposition calculation and the actual conditions of the study area. The evaluation results are expressed in a graphical form to form an engineering site suitability analysis and evaluation diagram.

[0037] The following combination Figure 2 This paper introduces the specific implementation steps of a project site suitability analysis method based on geographic information system (GIS) spatial overlay calculation:

[0038] Step S0: Specify the analysis area and start the project site suitability analysis.

[0039] Step S1, data access: By accessing relevant data, including but not limited to topographic data, geological data, climate data, hydrological data, vegetation data, etc. of the project area, a basic database for project site selection is constructed.

[0040] Step S200: Fusion of spatial and attribute data: Using geographic information system (GIS) technology, the spatial data and attribute data are fused to form a comprehensive data set with spatial location information and various attribute information, providing a comprehensive data basis for subsequent suitability analysis.

[0041] Step S201, single factor raw data layer compilation. The various types of data received are processed and converted to be compiled into single factor raw data layers. For example, terrain data can be compiled into terrain slope layers, and geological data can be compiled into geological stability layers.

[0042] Step S210, geospatial grid division. Using the grid division function of the Geographic Information System (GIS), the project area is divided into a number of regular geospatial grid units. Each grid unit has relatively consistent geospatial features and attribute information.

[0043] Step S3, single factor layer grid clipping. Use the single factor original data layer to clip the geographic space grid to obtain the single factor data of each grid unit. These single factor data can be directly used for subsequent suitability analysis.

[0044] Step S4: Single factor analysis and evaluation of grid units: Based on the single factor data, suitability analysis and evaluation are performed on each grid unit.

[0045] The minimum buried depth of groundwater that affects the project affects the difficulty of groundwater exploitation and construction costs in the project site selection area. The shallower the groundwater level, the easier it is to exploit. However, excessive development will cause the groundwater level to drop, which will reduce the bearing capacity of the foundation. At the same time, the buried depth of the groundwater level will also affect the strength and stress conditions of the foundation. Based on the groundwater level lines and buried depth maps of the area to be evaluated, the water level is divided into different areas, and then the membership table of each area for the suitability of the project site selection is determined.

[0046] The water richness of groundwater is an indicator of the water-yielding capacity of underground aquifers. The size of this indicator directly affects the difficulty of groundwater control in underground space development. The groundwater richness of a region is determined based on the unit water yield and aquifer thickness data. In areas with abundant water richness, it is easy to cause seepage erosion, sudden surges, and pipe surges, which can cause safety accidents such as instability of the foundation pit slope or damage to the supporting structure. Groundwater can exert a floating effect on underground structures. If the structural strength or anti-floating measures are not sufficient, it is easy to cause damage to underground structures. Therefore, areas with abundant water richness are not conducive to engineering construction and have low safety.

[0047] The impact of groundwater quality on project site selection mainly considers the chemical elements in groundwater, which have an impact on the utilization value of groundwater; at the same time, underground structures, such as the upper surface of concrete, will produce varying degrees of sulfate erosion when in contact with groundwater, and the degree of erosion is related to the type of cement and the specific content of chemical elements. Based on the groundwater geological environment monitoring data of the site to be evaluated, the chemical ion composition of the groundwater in the site is obtained, the groundwater quality is judged, and the degree of subordination of the groundwater quality in each region to the suitability of the site selection project is determined by the type of site selection project.

[0048] The impact of climate characteristics in climate data on project site selection mainly considers long-term climate, and the impact of immediate / short-term climate can be ignored. Climate characteristics include whether it is rainy and humid, whether there is frozen soil thawing, etc.

[0049] Soil and rock are the environmental carriers of underground projects. Due to the different formation processes and natural accumulation of rocks and soils, their composition materials and engineering properties are also different. Different rock combinations have different effects on the construction and stability of foundation projects. For example, areas with sandstone and conglomerate combinations are suitable for shallow foundation construction, while areas with granite and gneiss combinations are suitable for deep foundation construction. Based on the survey data, the rock and soil type of the area to be evaluated is obtained. In the single-factor fuzzy evaluation, the evaluation is carried out based on the underground rock and soil layer factors to determine the degree of suitability of each area for the project site selection.

[0050] The topography and geomorphology affect the stability of ground buildings and facilities and the difficulty of engineering construction. If the terrain slope of the site is large and the landform is complex, it will increase the difficulty and cost of engineering construction. When selecting a site for an engineering project, the topography and geomorphology must be fully considered, and a relatively flat and stable geological condition must be selected. Through the survey of the topography and geomorphology, a membership table for the suitability of the engineering site is obtained.

[0051] Landslides caused by geological disasters affect the safety of engineering construction and the stability of engineering operation. The formation of landslides is closely related to geological conditions. If the geological conditions at the site of the project are unstable, landslides are prone to occur, thus affecting the safety and stability of the project. In engineering design, it is necessary to consider the impact of landslides and take corresponding measures, such as strengthening the earthquake resistance and anti-sliding capabilities of the project, to reduce the impact of landslides on the project. According to the frequency and scope of collapse, landslides, and debris flows at the site to be evaluated, determine the degree of affiliation of landslides to the suitability of the project site.

[0052] The current status of ground space utilization affects the feasibility of project site selection and construction, and also affects the efficiency of project construction. If the ground space has been utilized to a high degree, it is not suitable for ground engineering development and utilization. Existing squares, open spaces, and green spaces on the ground are beneficial for project site selection and development. By statistically analyzing the types of spatial features in the area to be evaluated, the degree of subordination of ground space utilization to project site suitability is obtained.

[0053] Specific methods may include, but are not limited to: constructing an evaluation model, calculating the suitability index of grid units, assigning corresponding suitability grades, etc.

[0054] Step S5, spatial overlay calculation. Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial overlay calculation is mainly used for comprehensive analysis of multiple thematic layers. It is a traditional spatial analysis method determined by the regional and multi-level characteristics of GIS. The principle of GIS spatial overlay analysis relies on adding the spatial attribute information scattered on different layers together at the same spatial position to form a new layer. The attributes of this layer are composed of the attributes of the superimposed layers. This combination can be the result of a simple logical merger or a complex function operation. The suitability evaluation results of each grid unit are spatially overlaid, and the various suitability indicators of each grid unit are comprehensively considered to obtain the comprehensive suitability level of each grid unit.

[0055] Step S6: Project site suitability analysis and evaluation map. The results of the spatial overlay calculation are presented in a graphical manner to generate a project site suitability analysis and evaluation map. This map can intuitively display the suitability area of ​​the project and provide a decision-making basis for project site selection.

[0056] Step 7. End.

[0057] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for analyzing the suitability of an engineering site selection by using GIS spatial overlay calculation, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0058] (1) Improving the accuracy and reliability of site selection: By comprehensively considering multiple influencing factors, including topography, geology, vegetation, surface water systems, and human engineering activities, the suitability of the project site can be evaluated more comprehensively, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of site selection.

[0059] (2) Reduce the risk and uncertainty of site selection: By conducting qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple influencing factors, the subjectivity and uncertainty in the site selection process can be reduced, thereby reducing the risk and uncertainty of site selection.

[0060] (3) Improve the economy and sustainability of site selection: By analyzing the suitability of the project site, the optimal site selection plan can be found, thereby improving the economy and sustainability of the project. For example, choosing a suitable site can reduce land use and environmental damage, and reduce project costs and operating expenses.

[0061] (4) Improve the scientificity and fairness of decision-making: Through objective analysis and evaluation, human interference and subjectivity in the decision-making process can be avoided, thus improving the scientificity and fairness of decision-making.

[0062] (5) Realize intelligent and visualized analysis: By using modern technical means, such as geographic information system (GIS), big data analysis, and artificial intelligence, it is possible to realize intelligent and visualized analysis of project site suitability and improve the efficiency and accuracy of analysis.

[0063] (6) These technical effects can help project decision makers make more scientific, accurate and sustainable decisions, improve the efficiency and benefits of the project, and at the same time, help protect the environment and social interests and promote sustainable development.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing the suitability of engineering site selection based on GIS spatial overlay calculation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Collect the primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data of the designated analysis area. The primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data are used to describe the topographic data, geological data, climate data, hydrological data and vegetation data of the project area, classify the spatial data and attribute data, and perform data cleaning, format conversion and benchmark unification to obtain pre-processed spatial data and pre-processed attribute data; The spatial data after preprocessing and the attribute data after preprocessing are fused with the spatial data and the attribute data after preprocessing, and a single factor database corresponding to the primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data is established. The single factor database is compiled into a corresponding data layer according to the corresponding data features to form a single factor original data layer; at the same time, the gridding function of the geographic information system is used to divide the primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data into a number of regular geographic space grid units, and the space and attributes of each regular geographic space grid unit are the same; The single factor original data layer is divided into regular geographic space grid units to obtain single factor data. Based on the single factor data, the difficulty of groundwater exploitation and construction cost, low foundation bearing capacity, groundwater water richness, structural strength or anti-floating measures, chemical element analysis in groundwater, groundwater utilization value, chemical ion composition, long-term climate, rock and soil type, topography and geological conditions, site collapse, landslide, mud-rock flow disaster frequency and scope, spatial feature type are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and evaluated, and multiple membership tables with suitability index and suitability level are generated; The spatial data on different layers in multiple membership tables are superimposed at the same spatial position to obtain the superimposed spatial layer, and the attribute data on different layers are combined and assigned to the superimposed spatial layer to obtain the suitability index and suitability level corresponding to the superimposed spatial layer; According to the suitability index and suitability grade corresponding to the superimposed spatial layer, combined with the actual situation of the designated analysis area, an engineering site suitability analysis and evaluation map is generated.

2. The engineering site suitability analysis method of GIS spatial overlay calculation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first-level indicator data include topography, geology, vegetation, surface water system, and human engineering activities; the second-level indicator single factor data include landform, minimum groundwater burial depth, groundwater water richness, groundwater quality, climate characteristics, rock and soil characteristics, landslides, vegetation type, surface water depth, and ground space feature type.

3. The engineering site suitability analysis method of GIS spatial overlay calculation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The terrain data in the single factor database is compiled into a terrain slope layer according to the characteristics of the terrain data.

4. The method for analyzing the suitability of engineering site selection by GIS spatial overlay calculation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geological data in the single factor database are compiled into a geological stability layer according to the characteristics of the geological data.

5. A system for analyzing the suitability of an engineering site selection by using GIS spatial overlay calculation, using the method for analyzing the suitability of an engineering site selection by using GIS spatial overlay calculation as claimed in claim 1, comprising: The single factor layer data collection and processing module is used to collect the primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data of the specified analysis area. The primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data are used to describe the topographic data, geological data, climate data, hydrological data and vegetation data of the project area, classify the spatial data and attribute data, and perform data cleaning, format conversion and benchmark unification to obtain the pre-processed spatial data and pre-processed attribute data; Use geographic information system technology to fuse the preprocessed spatial data and preprocessed attribute data, establish a single factor database corresponding to the primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data, and compile the single factor database into corresponding data layers according to the corresponding data features to form a single factor original data layer; The geospatial grid module is used to divide the primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data into a number of regular geospatial grid units by using the gridding function of the geographic information system while the single factor layer data collection and processing module is processing. The space and attributes of each regular geospatial grid unit are the same; The single factor original data layer is divided into regular geographic space grid units to obtain single factor data. Based on the single factor data, the difficulty of groundwater exploitation and construction cost, low foundation bearing capacity, groundwater water richness, structural strength or anti-floating measures, chemical element analysis in groundwater, groundwater utilization value, chemical ion composition, long-term climate, rock and soil type, topography and geological conditions, site collapse, landslide, mud-rock flow disaster frequency and scope, spatial feature type are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and evaluated, and multiple membership tables with suitability index and suitability level are generated; The spatial overlay calculation module is used to overlay the spatial data on different layers in multiple membership tables at the same spatial position to obtain the overlay spatial layer, and to combine the attribute data on different layers and assign them to the overlay spatial layer to obtain the suitability index and suitability level corresponding to the overlay spatial layer; The project site suitability analysis and evaluation module is used to generate a project site suitability analysis and evaluation map based on the suitability index and suitability grade corresponding to the superimposed spatial layer and the actual situation of the specified analysis area.

Images