Double-sided metalized safety film capacitor for new energy automobile

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-sided metallization safety film capacitor for a new energy automobile, and relates to the technical field of new energy automobile capacitors, the double-sided metallization safety film capacitor comprises a device body, two groups of series element assemblies are installed in the device body, and transverse micro-nano electrostatic guide rails are symmetrically installed at the side ends of the two groups of series element assemblies; under the cooperation of the semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjusting assembly and the series element assembly, when the operation edge of the outer layer second dielectric film is punctured, the whole body can rapidly and accurately eject a conductive polymer to the punctured part, repair is completed under the action of an electric field, the insulation and conductivity of the metallized film are recovered, and the service life of the metallized film is prolonged. The capacitor effectively solves the problem that a traditional capacitor can only be scrapped or lacks an effective repairing means after edge breakdown, so that the overall performance is reduced or even fails, greatly improves the capability of the capacitor for coping with edge faults, guarantees the normal use of the whole capacitor, achieves a self-repairing function, and prolongs the service life of the capacitor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of capacitors for new energy vehicles, and in particular to a double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles. Background Art

[0002] Capacitors are generally used in three places in cars: energy storage, motors, and electronic controls. In the design of the power supply part of new energy vehicles, high-voltage capacitors are required for smoothing and filtering applications. The working environment inside the car is usually harsh, requiring capacitors to have strong high temperature resistance, high reliability, and long life. Film capacitors have greater advantages than aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Therefore, the first generation of Toyota Prius hybrid cars used aluminum electrolytic capacitors, and the second generation Prius began to use film capacitors. From the study of the electrical properties of film capacitors, it can be seen that compared with electrolytic capacitors, it has the advantages of high operating voltage, strong overvoltage resistance, wide operating temperature range, good high-frequency characteristics, and simple structure and low cost.

[0003] At present, during the use of capacitors in new energy vehicles, due to the edge effect, the electric field lines will be distorted at the edges, resulting in the electric field strength in the edge area being higher than other areas. When the capacitor is subjected to a higher voltage or in an overvoltage condition, such as a voltage spike impact in the automotive electrical system, this uneven electric field distribution makes it easier for the edge area to reach the breakdown field strength of the dielectric, thereby inducing the breakdown of the metallized film, resulting in the overall use of the capacitor being affected. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles, so as to solve the problem proposed in the above-mentioned background technology that during the use of new energy vehicle capacitors, due to the edge effect, the electric field lines will be distorted at the edges, resulting in the electric field strength in the edge area being higher than other areas. When the capacitor is subjected to a higher voltage or in an overvoltage condition, such as a voltage spike impact in the automotive electrical system, this uneven electric field distribution makes it easier for the edge area to reach the breakdown field strength of the dielectric, thereby causing the breakdown of the metallized film, resulting in the overall capacitor use being affected.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles, comprising a body, wherein two groups of series-connected element sub-assemblies are installed inside the body, and the side ends of the two groups of series-connected element sub-assemblies are symmetrically installed with transverse micro-nano electrostatic guide rails, and the inside of the transverse micro-nano electrostatic guide rails is slidably connected with a conductive electrode saddle block, and the side ends of the conductive electrode saddle block are fastened with a semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment component, and the semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment component is located on the outer peripheral side of the two groups of series-connected element sub-assemblies;

[0006] The semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment component includes a semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail, the interior of the semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail is slidably connected with a conductive sliding electrode, the interior of the conductive sliding electrode is installed with a fine-tuning driver, the front end of the fine-tuning driver is connected with a self-repairing circuit detection end, the interior of the self-repairing circuit detection end is installed with an array-type micro-detection sensor group, the front end of the self-repairing circuit detection end is installed with a conductive polymer injection end, the side end of the conductive polymer injection end is connected with a polymer guiding microfluidic tube, the side end of the polymer guiding microfluidic tube is connected with a polymer storage chamber, the interior of the polymer storage chamber is slidably connected with a transverse rod body, and the left and right ends of the transverse rod body are tightly connected to the two side surfaces of the device body.

[0007] Preferably, the series element assembly includes an external electrode element structure, and the side ends of the external electrode element structure are respectively connected to a first dielectric film and a second dielectric film, the side end of the first dielectric film is installed with a metal-plated anode electrode film, and the side end of the second dielectric film is installed with a cathode electrode film.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of groups of equally divided and equally spaced non-electroplating film grooves are arranged on the surface of the metal electroplating anode film, a plurality of groups of barium titanate-based ceramic electrode points are connected inside the non-electroplating film grooves, and aggregated metal ion microcapsules are arranged inside the plurality of groups of barium titanate-based ceramic electrode points.

[0009] Preferably, the first dielectric film and the second dielectric film include an aluminum layer, a nickel layer, a zinc layer, a silicon dioxide nanocoating and a stepped dielectric layer alternately stacked; the stepped dielectric layer includes a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer, the first dielectric layer adopts a lithium niobate crystal structure with a high dielectric constant and a high breakdown field strength, and the central area of ​​the second dielectric layer adopts a polyimide structure with a low dielectric constant and good insulation properties.

[0010] Preferably, the aluminum layer is located at the side position of the external electrode element structure, which is close to the outer surface of the external electrode element structure, the nickel layer is arranged at the bottom of the aluminum layer, the zinc layer is located at the side position of the nickel layer, the silicon dioxide nanocoating covers the surface of the zinc layer, and the silicon dioxide nanocoating is located at the outermost surface.

[0011] Preferably, the side end of the external electrode element structure is connected to a terminal through an aluminum wire, a fast fuse is installed outside the side end of the external electrode element structure, the center end of the fast fuse is connected to an overvoltage protector, and a temperature protector is installed on the side end of the overvoltage protector. The fast fuse and the overvoltage protector work together, so that when an abnormal current appears in the circuit and causes the melting threshold of the fast fuse to be triggered, the fast fuse can cut off the current path in time to prevent excessive current from damaging the external electrode element structure, the first dielectric film and the second dielectric film.

[0012] Preferably, the overvoltage protector is used to maintain the voltage within a safe range by means of shunting, voltage limiting, etc. when the circuit voltage exceeds a set threshold, thereby indirectly protecting the fast fuse from false blowing due to overvoltage and ensuring that the external electrode element structure is not impacted by overvoltage. The temperature protector is interconnected with the fast fuse and the overvoltage protector through lines, and the temperature protector is used to monitor the external electrode element structure and the surrounding environment temperature.

[0013] Preferably, a phase change material column is installed on the outer peripheral side of the external electrode element structure, a heat conductive metal sheet is installed on the side of the phase change material column, a heat conductive heat dissipation end is installed on the side end of the phase change material column, and the heat conductive heat dissipation end is located on the back surface of the device body.

[0014] Preferably, a current conductive member is connected to the back side end of the device body, a current control valve is connected to the side end of the current conductive member, a current control generator is connected to the bottom of the current control valve, and the side end of the current conductive member is electrically connected to the conductive sliding electrode and the conductive electrode saddle block in sequence through lines.

[0015] Preferably, water-proof covers are installed on the top and bottom of the device body, and desiccant sealing plates are installed on the left and right sides of the water-proof covers.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. In the present invention, with the cooperation of the semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment component, the array type micro detection sensor group inside the conductive sliding electrode monitors the operation of the series element component in real time during the scanning process, so that the detected data is transmitted to the control processor of the new energy vehicle through the external signal transmission line. The control processor analyzes and judges according to the received data. When the array type micro detection sensor group detects that the electric field strength of a certain area on the outer peripheral side of the series element component is abnormal or the temperature is too high, the control processor sends an instruction to the fine adjustment driver in the semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment component, so that the fine adjustment driver accurately adjusts the position of the conductive sliding electrode, so that the self-repairing circuit detection end is aligned with the suspected fault point. The self-repairing circuit detection end further performs detailed detection on the suspected fault point to determine the type and degree of the fault. When it is analyzed and judged to be the metallized film In the event of local breakdown, the control processor starts the conductive polymer injection end. Under the instruction of the control processor, the conductive polymer injection end extracts an appropriate amount of conductive polymer material from the polymer storage chamber through the polymer guide microfluidic tube, and accurately injects it to the breakdown part of the metallized film. The conductive polymer injected to the breakdown part quickly fills the breakdown channel under the action of the electric field and its own characteristics, and restores the insulation and conductivity of the metallized film. When the edge is broken down, the conductive polymer can be quickly and accurately injected to the breakdown part and repaired under the action of the electric field, thereby restoring the insulation and conductivity of the metallized film. This effectively solves the problem that traditional capacitors usually have to be scrapped or lack effective repair methods after edge breakdown, resulting in overall performance degradation or even failure. This greatly improves the ability of the capacitor to cope with edge failures and ensures the normal use of the overall capacitor.

[0018] 2. In the present invention, the first dielectric film and the second dielectric film are alternately stacked by aluminum layer, nickel layer, zinc layer, silicon dioxide nano-coating and stepped dielectric layer in cooperation with the series element assembly, so that during the charging and discharging operation, the metal electroplated anode electrode film begins to accumulate positive charge. Due to the installation of the non-electroplated film groove and the barium titanate-based ceramic electrode point on its surface, the electric field forms a uniform distribution in these areas, which is beneficial to the subsequent improvement of the capacitor performance, while the cathode electrode film begins to accumulate negative charge, forming an electric field between the first dielectric film and the second dielectric film. The first dielectric layer of the lithium niobate crystal structure in the first dielectric film has a high dielectric constant and a high breakdown field strength characteristic, which is close to the metal electroplated anode electrode. The membrane area effectively improves the uniformity of the electric field distribution, allowing more charges to be stored in this area, increasing the capacitance value, while the polyimide structure of the second dielectric layer reduces the overall polarization loss of the dielectric in the central area and improves the quality factor of the capacitor. Secondly, during the charging process, the silicon dioxide nano-coating plays an insulating and protective role to prevent charge leakage to the external environment, and cooperates with the above-mentioned semi-arc shape memory alloy guide adjustment component to operate the outer second dielectric film to achieve self-repair function and extend the service life of the capacitor. In this process, the structure of the first dielectric film and the second dielectric film can provide a certain guidance and constraint effect for the migration of metal ions, ensuring that the repair process is carried out within a controllable range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles according to the present invention from a side view;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the body of a double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position structure of the series-connected element components in a double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a series-connected element assembly in a double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 The invention relates to a double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A;

[0025] Figure 7It is a schematic structural cross-sectional diagram of a first dielectric film and a second dielectric film in a double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 The invention relates to a double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at B;

[0027] Fig. 9 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer in a double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles.

[0028] In the figure: 1, anti-water cover; 2, terminal; 3, body; 4, current control generator; 5, desiccant sealing plate; 6, current conductive part; 7, heat dissipation end; 8, current control valve; 9, fast fuse; 10, overvoltage protector; 11, temperature protector; 12, series element assembly; 120, external electrode element structure; 121, first dielectric film; 122, metal electroplating anode film; 123, cathode film; 124, non-electroplating film groove; 125, barium titanate-based ceramic electrode point; 126, aggregated metal ion microcapsule; 13. Phase change material column; 14. Heat-conducting metal sheet; 15. Horizontal micro-nano electrostatic guide; 16. Semi-arc shape memory alloy guide adjustment component; 161. Semi-arc shape memory alloy guide; 162. Conductive sliding electrode; 163. Self-repairing circuit detection end; 164. Conductive polymer injection end; 165. Polymer guide microfluidic tube; 17. Horizontal rod; 18. Polymer storage chamber; 19. Aluminum layer; 20. Nickel layer; 21. Zinc layer; 22. Silicon dioxide nano-coating; a1. First dielectric layer; a2. Second dielectric layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the implementation regulations described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1: In the present invention, referring to Figure 1 - Fig. 9As shown: a double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles, comprising a body 3, two groups of series-connected element components 12 are installed inside the body 3, and the side ends of the two groups of series-connected element components 12 are symmetrically installed with transverse micro-nano electrostatic guide rails 15, and the inside of the transverse micro-nano electrostatic guide rail 15 is slidably connected with a conductive electrode saddle block, and the side end of the conductive electrode saddle block is fastened with a semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment component 16, and the semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment component 16 is located on the outer peripheral side of the two groups of series-connected element components 12;

[0031] The semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment component 16 includes a semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail 161, the interior of the semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail 161 is slidably connected with a conductive sliding electrode 162, the interior of the conductive sliding electrode 162 is installed with a fine-tuning driver, the front end of the fine-tuning driver is connected with a self-repairing circuit detection end 163, the interior of the self-repairing circuit detection end 163 is installed with an array-type micro-detection sensor group, the front end of the self-repairing circuit detection end 163 is installed with a conductive polymer injection end 164, the side end of the conductive polymer injection end 164 is connected with a polymer guiding microfluidic tube 165, the side end of the polymer guiding microfluidic tube 165 is connected with a polymer storage chamber 18, the interior of the polymer storage chamber 18 is slidably connected with a transverse rod body 17, and the left and right ends of the transverse rod body 17 are tightly connected to the two side surfaces of the device body 3.

[0032] In a specific scheme, when the capacitor starts to work, the two groups of series-connected element components 12 are in a powered-on state to store and release electric charge. At the same time, the conductive electrode saddle block on the transverse micro-nano electrostatic guide rail 15 moves according to a preset trajectory through the generated current field under the action of the current conductive member 6, so that the movement of the conductive electrode saddle block drives the semi-arc shape memory alloy guide adjustment component 16 to move circumferentially around the series-connected element component 12, and simultaneously the conductive sliding electrode 162 drives the self-repairing circuit detection end 163 and related structures located inside the semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail 161 to form an adjustment under the action of the current conductive member 6, so that scanning detection can be performed on different positions on the outer peripheral side of the series-connected element component 12. During the scanning process, the array type micro detection sensor group inside the sliding electrode 162 monitors the electric field intensity distribution, local current density, temperature change electrical performance parameters of the series element sub-assembly 12 in real time, so that the detected data is transmitted to the control processor of the new energy vehicle through the external signal transmission line. The control processor analyzes and judges according to the received data. When the array type micro detection sensor group detects that the electric field intensity of a certain area on the outer peripheral side of the series element sub-assembly 12 is abnormal or the temperature is too high, the control processor sends an instruction to the fine adjustment driver in the semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment component 16, so that the fine adjustment driver accurately adjusts the position of the conductive sliding electrode 162, so that the self-repairing circuit detection end 163 is aligned with the suspected fault point, and the self-repairing circuit detection end 163 is aligned with the suspected fault point. The measuring end 163 further performs detailed detection on the suspected fault point to determine the type and degree of the fault. When the analysis determines that the metallized film is partially broken down, the control processor starts the conductive polymer injection end 164. Under the instruction of the control processor, the conductive polymer injection end 164 extracts an appropriate amount of conductive polymer material from the polymer storage chamber 18 through the polymer delivery microfluidic tube 165, and accurately injects it to the breakdown part of the metallized film. The conductive polymer injected to the breakdown part quickly fills the breakdown channel under the action of the electric field and its own characteristics, and restores the insulation and conductive properties of the metallized film. In the repair process, the control processor continuously monitors the changes in the electrical performance parameters of the repair part, and adjusts the injection amount and injection time of the conductive polymer according to the feedback information. , ensuring that the repair effect is optimal. At the same time, the transverse rod 17 in the polymer storage chamber 18 can automatically adjust the polymer supply pressure through the built-in micro pump according to the consumption of the polymer, ensuring that the conductive polymer can be stably delivered to the conductive polymer injection end 164. After completing the self-repair, the control processor still adjusts the working state of the capacitor according to the performance parameters of the repaired series element subassembly 12, so that when the electrical performance of the repaired area decreases slightly, the control processor can adaptively adjust the charging and discharging strategy of the overall capacitor, reduce the working current or voltage, so as to extend the service life of the repaired part, and ensure that the overall working performance of the capacitor can still meet the needs of new energy vehicles. When the edge is broken down as a whole,It can quickly and accurately spray the conductive polymer onto the breakdown site and complete the repair under the action of the electric field, restoring the insulation and conductivity of the metallized film. It effectively solves the problem that traditional capacitors usually have to be scrapped or lack effective repair methods after edge breakdown, resulting in overall performance degradation or even failure. It greatly improves the ability of capacitors to cope with edge failures and ensures the normal use of the overall capacitor.

[0033] Embodiment 2: In the present invention, according to Figure 3 - Figure 7 and Fig. 9 As shown, the series element assembly 12 includes an external electrode element structure 120, and the side ends of the external electrode element structure 120 are respectively connected to a first dielectric film 121 and a second dielectric film. The side end of the first dielectric film 121 is installed with a metal-plated anode electrode film 122, and the side end of the second dielectric film is installed with a cathode electrode film 123.

[0034] A plurality of equally spaced non-electroplating film grooves 124 are arranged on the surface of the metal electroplating anode electrode film 122, a plurality of barium titanate-based ceramic electrode points 125 are arranged inside the non-electroplating film grooves 124, and aggregated metal ion microcapsules 126 are arranged inside the plurality of barium titanate-based ceramic electrode points 125.

[0035] The first dielectric film 121 and the second dielectric film include an aluminum layer 19, a nickel layer 20, a zinc layer 21, a silicon dioxide nano-coating 22 and a stepped dielectric layer alternately stacked;

[0036] The stepped dielectric layer includes a first dielectric layer a1 and a second dielectric layer a2. The first dielectric layer a1 adopts a lithium niobate crystal structure with high dielectric constant and high breakdown field strength, and the central area of ​​the second dielectric layer a2 adopts a polyimide structure with low dielectric constant and good insulation performance.

[0037] The aluminum layer 19 is located at the side of the external electrode element structure 120, and is close to the outer surface of the external electrode element structure 120. The nickel layer 20 is arranged at the bottom of the aluminum layer 19. The zinc layer 21 is located at the side of the nickel layer 20. The silicon dioxide nano-coating 22 covers the surface of the zinc layer 21, and the silicon dioxide nano-coating 22 is located at the outermost surface.

[0038] In a specific scheme, first, the first dielectric film 121 and the second dielectric film are stacked and installed in sequence at the side end of the external electrode element structure 120. For the first dielectric film 121, the aluminum layer 19 is first laid to ensure that it is tightly attached to the side outer surface of the external electrode element structure 120, and then the nickel layer 20 is laid on the bottom of the aluminum layer 19, and then the zinc layer 21 is placed at the side of the nickel layer 20, and finally the surface of the zinc layer 21 is covered with a silicon dioxide nano-coating 22 to form a preliminary structure of the first dielectric film 121, so that a stepped dielectric layer is constructed, and a lithium niobate crystal structure with a high dielectric constant and a high breakdown field strength is laid as the first dielectric layer a1 on the side close to the metal electroplating anode film 122, and then a low dielectric constant and good insulating performance polymer is laid. The imide structure is laid on the first dielectric layer a1 as the second dielectric layer a2 to complete the assembly of the stepped dielectric layer, and then the metal electroplated anode film 122 is installed on the side end of the first dielectric film 121, and the cathode film 123 is installed on the side end of the second dielectric film, and a plurality of groups of equally spaced non-electroplated film grooves 124 are processed on the surface of the metal electroplated anode film 122, and then a plurality of groups of barium titanate-based ceramic electrode points 125 are connected and arranged inside the non-electroplated film grooves 124, and metal ion microcapsules 126 are placed inside the barium titanate-based ceramic electrode points 125. Afterwards, when the capacitor is connected to the circuit and starts charging, the current flows in from the external electrode element structure 120, passes through the aluminum layer 19, and the aluminum layer 19 can effectively conduct the current due to its good conductivity. After being evenly dispersed in the nickel layer 20, the nickel layer 20, with its high melting point and chemical stability, can withstand the passage of current while preventing damage to the dielectric film structure due to local overheating or chemical reaction, thereby ensuring that the current is stably transmitted to the zinc layer 21. Under the action of the current, the electron distribution of the zinc layer 21 changes. At the same time, the metal electroplated anode film 122 begins to accumulate positive charges. Due to the installation of the non-electroplated film groove 124 and the barium titanate-based ceramic electrode point 125 on its surface, the electric field forms a uniform distribution in these areas, which is beneficial to the subsequent improvement of the capacitor performance. The cathode film 123 begins to accumulate negative charges, forming an electric field between the first dielectric film 121 and the second dielectric film. The lithium niobate crystals in the first dielectric film 121 The first dielectric layer a1 of the structure effectively improves the uniformity of the electric field distribution in the area close to the metal electroplated anode film 122 due to its high dielectric constant and high breakdown field strength characteristics, so that more charge can be stored in this area, increasing the capacitance value, while the polyimide structure of the second dielectric layer a2 reduces the overall polarization loss of the dielectric in the central area and improves the quality factor of the capacitor. Secondly, during the charging process, the silicon dioxide nano-coating 22 plays an insulating and protective role to prevent the charge from leaking to the external environment. When the circuit requires the capacitor to discharge, the positive charge on the metal electroplated anode film 122 flows to the cathode film 123 through the external circuit. In this process, the electric field force drives the charge to move and releases the stored electrical energy, which is the same as the above-mentioned charging process.The current passes through the aluminum layer 19, the nickel layer 20, the zinc layer 21 and other structures in sequence. Through the above-mentioned synergistic effect, the stable output of the discharge current is ensured and the energy loss is reduced. During the discharge process, the electric field between the first dielectric film 121 and the second dielectric film is gradually weakened, and the polarization state of the dielectric is gradually restored. At the same time, the structural characteristics of the step dielectric layer continue to play a role. The first dielectric layer a1 of the lithium niobate crystal structure can withstand the reverse electric field impact that may be generated during the discharge process to prevent dielectric breakdown, while the second dielectric layer a2 of the polyimide structure maintains a low loss and improves the discharge efficiency. During the use of the capacitor, if the metal electroplated anode film 122 is damaged due to overvoltage, overcurrent or other factors, it will cause local electric field abnormality. When the titanium The metal ion microcapsules 126 inside the barium acid-based ceramic electrode point 125 play a role. When an abnormal change in the electric field is detected, the metal ion microcapsules 126 rupture and release metal ions. When the metal ions released therein migrate and deposit to the damaged part under the action of the electric field, they fill the tiny conductive channels caused by the damage, thereby restoring the local conductivity and insulation of the metal electroplated anode electrode film 122, and cooperating with the above-mentioned semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment component 16 to operate on the outer second dielectric film to achieve self-repair function and extend the service life of the capacitor. In this process, the structure of the first dielectric film 121 and the second dielectric film can provide a certain guidance and constraint for the migration of metal ions, ensuring that the repair process is carried out within a controllable range.

[0039] Embodiment 3: In the present invention, according to Figure 1 - Figure 4 As shown, the side end of the external electrode element structure 120 is connected to the terminal 2 through an aluminum wire, a fast fuse 9 is installed outside the side end of the external electrode element structure 120, an overvoltage protector 10 is connected to the center end of the fast fuse 9, and a temperature protector 11 is installed on the side end of the overvoltage protector 10. The fast fuse 9 and the overvoltage protector 10 form a cooperative operation, so that when an abnormal current appears in the circuit and causes the melting threshold of the fast fuse 9 to be triggered, the fast fuse 9 can cut off the current path in time to prevent excessive current from damaging the external electrode element structure 120, the first dielectric film 121 and the second dielectric film.

[0040] The overvoltage protector 10 is used to maintain the voltage within a safe range by means of shunting, voltage limiting, etc. when the circuit voltage exceeds a set threshold, thereby indirectly protecting the fast fuse 9 from false blowing due to overvoltage, and ensuring that the external electrode element structure 120 is not impacted by overvoltage. The temperature protector 11 is interconnected with the fast fuse 9 and the overvoltage protector 10 through lines, and the temperature protector 11 is used to monitor the external electrode element structure 120 and the surrounding environment temperature.

[0041] A phase change material column 13 is installed on the outer peripheral side of the external electrode element structure 120, a heat conductive metal sheet 14 is installed on the side of the phase change material column 13, and a heat conductive heat dissipation end 7 is installed on the side end of the phase change material column 13, and the heat conductive heat dissipation end 7 is located on the back surface of the device body 3.

[0042] The back side end of the body 3 is connected to a current conductive member 6, the side end of the current conductive member 6 is connected to a current control valve 8, the bottom of the current control valve 8 is connected to a current control generator 4, and the side end of the current conductive member 6 is electrically connected to a conductive sliding electrode 162 and a conductive electrode saddle block in sequence through lines.

[0043] Water-proof covers 1 are installed on the top and bottom of the body 3 , and desiccant sealing plates 5 are installed on the left and right sides of the water-proof cover 1 .

[0044] In a specific solution, when the capacitor is connected to the electrical system of a new energy vehicle and starts to operate, current flows in from the terminal 2, passes through the aluminum wire to the external electrode element structure 120, and then performs charge storage and release operations in the series element assembly 12. As described above, an electric field is formed between the metal electroplated anode electrode film 122 and the cathode electrode film 123, and the storage and release of electric energy are achieved through the synergistic effect of the first dielectric film 121 and the second dielectric film. During this process, the temperature protector 11 continuously monitors the temperature of the external electrode element structure 120 and the surrounding environment, and transmits the temperature data in real time to the above-mentioned The control processor, at the same time, the current conductive member 6 transmits the current information to the control processor. The control processor accurately controls the current size through the current control generator 4 and the current control valve 8 according to these data and the preset working parameters to ensure that the capacitor works in the best state and avoids damage to the capacitor due to overcurrent or current instability. The fast fuse 9 and the overvoltage protector 10 are in standby state, continuously monitoring the current and voltage in the circuit. Once an abnormal current appears in the circuit and causes the melting threshold of the fast fuse 9 to be triggered, the fast fuse 9 immediately cuts off the current path to prevent excessive current from damaging the external electrode. The element structure 120, the first dielectric film 121 and the second dielectric film are damaged. When the circuit voltage exceeds the set threshold, the overvoltage protector 10 maintains the voltage within a safe range by means of shunting, voltage limiting, etc., indirectly protecting the fast fuse 9 from false melting caused by overvoltage, and protecting the external electrode element structure 120 from the impact of overvoltage. When the capacitor generates heat during operation due to internal resistance loss, energy conversion during charging and discharging, etc., the heat is first transferred to the external electrode element structure 120, and then quickly transferred to the phase change material column 13 through the heat conductive metal sheet 14, and the phase change The material column 13 undergoes a phase change according to the absorbed heat, so that a large amount of heat is absorbed in the process of changing from solid to liquid, thereby reducing the temperature rise rate inside the capacitor. When the capacitor stops working or the temperature drops, the phase change material column 13 will change from liquid to solid, releasing the heat absorbed previously, realizing heat storage and release regulation, and maintaining the relative stability of the internal temperature of the capacitor. At the same time, the heat conductive heat dissipation end 7 dissipates part of the heat absorbed by the phase change material column 13 to the surrounding environment, further enhancing the heat dissipation effect, ensuring that the capacitor operates within an appropriate temperature range, and improving its working reliability and service life.

[0045] The wiring diagram of the current control generator 4, fast fuse 9, overvoltage protector 10, temperature protector 11 and array type micro detection sensor in the present invention belongs to the common knowledge in the field, and its working principle is a well-known technology. The model is selected according to the actual use, so the control method and wiring arrangement of the current control generator 4, fast fuse 9, overvoltage protector 10, temperature protector 11 and array type micro detection sensor are no longer explained in detail.

[0046] The method of using the device and the working principle are as follows: first, the first dielectric film 121 and the second dielectric film are stacked and installed in sequence at the side end of the external electrode element structure 120. For the first dielectric film 121, the aluminum layer 19 is first laid to ensure that it is tightly attached to the side outer surface of the external electrode element structure 120, and then the nickel layer 20 is laid on the bottom of the aluminum layer 19, and then the zinc layer 21 is placed at the side of the nickel layer 20, and finally the surface of the zinc layer 21 is covered with a silicon dioxide nano-coating 22 to form the preliminary structure of the first dielectric film 121, so that a stepped dielectric layer is constructed, and a lithium niobate crystal structure with a high dielectric constant and a high breakdown field strength is laid as the first dielectric layer a1 on the side close to the metal electroplating anode film 122, and then a low dielectric constant and good insulation layer is laid on the surface of the zinc layer 21. The polyimide structure with good energy is laid on the first dielectric layer a1 as the second dielectric layer a2 to complete the assembly of the stepped dielectric layer, and then the metal electroplating anode film 122 is installed on the side end of the first dielectric film 121, and the cathode film 123 is installed on the side end of the second dielectric film, and a plurality of groups of equally divided and equally spaced non-electroplating film grooves 124 are processed on the surface of the metal electroplating anode film 122, and then a plurality of groups of barium titanate-based ceramic electrode points 125 are connected and arranged inside the non-electroplating film grooves 124, and metal ion microcapsules 126 are placed inside the barium titanate-based ceramic electrode points 125. Afterwards, when the capacitor is connected to the circuit and starts charging, the current flows in from the external electrode element structure 120, passes through the aluminum layer 19, and the aluminum layer 19 can effectively transfer the capacitor to the capacitor due to its good conductivity. After the current is evenly distributed to the nickel layer 20, the nickel layer 20, with its high melting point and chemical stability, can withstand the passage of current while preventing damage to the dielectric film structure due to local overheating or chemical reaction, thereby ensuring that the current is stably transmitted to the zinc layer 21. Under the action of the current, the electron distribution of the zinc layer 21 changes. At the same time, the metal electroplated anode film 122 begins to accumulate positive charges. Due to the installation of the non-electroplated film groove 124 and the barium titanate-based ceramic electrode point 125 on its surface, the electric field forms a uniform distribution in these areas, which is beneficial to the subsequent improvement of the capacitor performance. The cathode film 123 begins to accumulate negative charges, forming an electric field between the first dielectric film 121 and the second dielectric film. The lithium niobate crystals in the first dielectric film 121 are connected to the cathode film 123, and the cathode film 123 is connected to the cathode film 123. The first dielectric layer a1 of the body structure effectively improves the uniformity of the electric field distribution in the area close to the metal electroplated anode film 122 due to its high dielectric constant and high breakdown field strength characteristics, so that more charge can be stored in this area, increasing the capacitance value, while the polyimide structure of the second dielectric layer a2 reduces the overall polarization loss of the dielectric in the central area and improves the quality factor of the capacitor. Secondly, during the charging process, the silicon dioxide nano-coating 22 plays an insulating and protective role to prevent the charge from leaking to the external environment. When the circuit requires the capacitor to discharge, the positive charge on the metal electroplated anode film 122 flows to the cathode film 123 through the external circuit. In this process, the electric field force drives the charge to move and releases the stored electrical energy, which is the same as the above-mentioned charging process.The current passes through the aluminum layer 19, the nickel layer 20, the zinc layer 21 and other structures in sequence. Through the above-mentioned synergistic effect, the stable output of the discharge current is ensured and the energy loss is reduced. During the discharge process, the electric field between the first dielectric film 121 and the second dielectric film gradually weakens, and the polarization state of the dielectric is gradually restored. At the same time, the structural characteristics of the step dielectric layer continue to play a role. The first dielectric layer a1 of the lithium niobate crystal structure can withstand the reverse electric field impact that may be generated during the discharge process to prevent dielectric breakdown, while the second dielectric layer a2 of the polyimide structure maintains a low loss and improves the discharge efficiency. During the use of the capacitor, if the metal electroplated anode film 122 is damaged due to overvoltage, overcurrent or other factors, it will cause local electric field abnormality. The aggregated metal ion microcapsules 126 located inside the barium titanate-based ceramic electrode point 125 play a role. When an abnormal change in the electric field is detected, the aggregated metal ion microcapsules 126 rupture and release metal ions. When the released metal ions migrate and deposit to the damaged part under the action of the electric field, they fill the tiny conductive channels caused by the damage, thereby restoring the local conductivity and insulation of the metal electroplated positive electrode film 122. When the capacitor starts to work, the two groups of series-connected element components 12 are in a powered-on state to store and release charges. At the same time, the conductive electrode saddle block on the transverse micro-nano electrostatic guide rail 15 moves according to a preset trajectory through the generated current field under the action of the current conductive member 6, so that the movement of the conductive electrode saddle block drives the semi-arc The shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment component 16 performs circumferential movement around the series element component 12, and synchronously enables the conductive sliding electrode 162 to drive the self-repairing circuit detection end 163 and related structures located inside the semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail 161 to form an adjustment under the action of the current conductive member 6, so as to perform scanning detection on different positions on the outer circumference of the series element component 12. During the scanning process, the array-type micro-detection sensor group inside the conductive sliding electrode 162 monitors the electric field intensity distribution, local current density, and temperature change electrical performance parameters of the series element component 12 in real time, so that the detected data is transmitted to the control processor of the new energy vehicle through an external signal transmission line. The control processor analyzes and judges according to the received data. When the array-type micro-detection sensor group When the detection sensor group detects that the electric field strength of a certain area on the outer peripheral side of the series element assembly 12 is abnormal or the temperature is too high, the control processor sends an instruction to the fine-tuning driver in the semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment assembly 16, so that the fine-tuning driver accurately adjusts the position of the conductive sliding electrode 162, so that the self-repairing circuit detection end 163 is aligned with the suspected fault point, and the self-repairing circuit detection end 163 further performs a detailed detection on the suspected fault point to determine the type and degree of the fault. When the analysis determines that it is a local breakdown of the metallized film, the control processor starts the conductive polymer injection end 164. Under the instruction of the control processor, the conductive polymer injection end 164 extracts an appropriate amount of conductive polymer material from the polymer storage chamber 18 through the polymer guide microfluidic tube 165.And it is precisely sprayed onto the breakdown part of the metallized film. Under the action of the electric field and its own characteristics, the conductive polymer sprayed onto the breakdown part quickly fills the breakdown channel and restores the insulation and conductive properties of the metallized film. In the repair process, the control processor continuously monitors the changes in the electrical performance parameters of the repaired part, and adjusts the spraying amount and spraying time of the conductive polymer according to the feedback information to ensure that the repair effect is optimal. At the same time, the transverse rod 17 in the polymer storage chamber 18 can automatically adjust the supply pressure of the polymer through the built-in micro pump according to the consumption of the polymer, so as to ensure that the conductive polymer can be stably delivered to the conductive polymer injection end 164. After completing the self-repair, the control processor adjusts the performance parameters of the repaired series element subassembly 12 according to the performance parameters of the repaired series element subassembly 12. The working state of the old capacitor is adjusted, so that when the electrical performance of the repaired area is slightly reduced, the control processor can adaptively adjust the charging and discharging strategy of the overall capacitor, reduce the working current or voltage, so as to extend the service life of the repaired part, and ensure that the overall working performance of the capacitor can still meet the needs of new energy vehicles. When the edge is broken down as a whole, the conductive polymer can be quickly and accurately sprayed to the breakdown part and the repair is completed under the action of the electric field, so as to restore the insulation and conductive properties of the metallized film, and effectively solve the problem that traditional capacitors can only be scrapped or lack of effective repair methods after edge breakdown, resulting in overall performance degradation or even failure. It greatly improves the ability of the capacitor to cope with edge failures, ensures the normal use of the overall capacitor, and is externally The second dielectric film of the first dielectric film 121 is operated to realize the self-repair function and prolong the service life of the capacitor. In this process, the structure of the first dielectric film 121 and the second dielectric film can provide a certain guidance and constraint for the migration of metal ions, ensuring that the repair process is carried out within a controllable range. At the same time, after the current flows into the terminal 2, it passes through the aluminum wire to reach the external electrode element structure 120, and then the charge storage and release operation is performed in the series element assembly 12. As described above, an electric field is formed between the metal electroplated anode electrode film 122 and the cathode electrode film 123, and the storage and release of electric energy are realized through the synergistic effect of the first dielectric film 121 and the second dielectric film. In this process, the temperature protector 11 continuously monitors the external electrode element structure 120 and the surrounding The ambient temperature is measured and the temperature data is transmitted to the control processor in real time. At the same time, the current conductive member 6 transmits the current information to the control processor. The control processor accurately controls the current size through the current control generator 4 and the current control valve 8 according to these data and the preset working parameters to ensure that the capacitor works in the best state and avoids damage to the capacitor caused by overcurrent or current instability. The fast fuse 9 and the overvoltage protector 10 are in standby state and continuously monitor the current and voltage in the circuit. Once an abnormal current appears in the circuit and causes the melting threshold of the fast fuse 9 to be triggered, the fast fuse 9 immediately cuts off the current path to prevent excessive current from causing damage to the external electrode element structure 120, the first dielectric film 121 and the second dielectric film.When the circuit voltage exceeds the set threshold, the overvoltage protector 10 maintains the voltage within a safe range by means of shunting, voltage limiting, etc., indirectly protecting the fast fuse 9 from false melting caused by overvoltage, and ensuring that the external electrode element structure 120 is not impacted by overvoltage. When the capacitor generates heat during operation due to internal resistance loss, energy conversion during charging and discharging, etc., the heat is first transferred to the external electrode element structure 120, and then quickly transferred to the phase change material column 13 through the heat conductive metal sheet 14. The phase change material column 13 undergoes a phase change according to the absorbed heat, so that a large amount of heat is absorbed during the process of changing from solid to liquid, thereby reducing the temperature rise rate inside the capacitor. When the capacitor stops working or the temperature drops, the phase change material column 13 will change from liquid to solid again, releasing the previously absorbed heat, realizing heat storage and release regulation, and maintaining the relative stability of the internal temperature of the capacitor.

[0047] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles, characterized in that: The device comprises a body (3), wherein two groups of serially connected element subassemblies (12) are installed inside the body (3), and transverse micro-nano electrostatic guide rails (15) are symmetrically installed on the side ends of the two groups of serially connected element subassemblies (12), and the inside of the transverse micro-nano electrostatic guide rail (15) is slidably connected with a conductive electrode saddle block, and the side end of the conductive electrode saddle block is fastened with a semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment component (16), and the semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment component (16) is located on the outer peripheral side of the two groups of serially connected element subassemblies (12); The semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail adjustment component (16) comprises a semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail (161), the interior of the semi-arc shape memory alloy guide rail (161) is slidably connected to a conductive sliding electrode (162), the interior of the conductive sliding electrode (162) is provided with a fine-tuning driver, the front end of the fine-tuning driver is connected to a self-repairing circuit detection end (163), the interior of the self-repairing circuit detection end (163) is provided with an array type micro-detection sensor group, the front end of the self-repairing circuit detection end (163) is provided with a conductive polymer injection end (164), the side end of the conductive polymer injection end (164) is connected to a polymer guide microfluidic tube (165), the side end of the polymer guide microfluidic tube (165) is connected to a polymer storage chamber (18), the interior of the polymer storage chamber (18) is slidably connected to a transverse rod body (17), and the left and right ends of the transverse rod body (17) are tightly connected to the two side surfaces of the device body (3).

2. The double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The series element assembly (12) comprises an external electrode element structure (120), the side ends of the external electrode element structure (120) are respectively connected to a first dielectric film (121) and a second dielectric film, the side ends of the first dielectric film (121) are installed with a metal-plated anode electrode film (122), and the side ends of the second dielectric film are installed with a cathode electrode film (123).

3. The double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of equally spaced non-electroplating film grooves (124) are arranged on the surface of the metal electroplating anode electrode film (122); a plurality of barium titanate-based ceramic electrode points (125) are arranged inside the non-electroplating film grooves (124); and aggregated metal ion microcapsules (126) are arranged inside the plurality of barium titanate-based ceramic electrode points (125).

4. The double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first dielectric film (121) and the second dielectric film are formed by alternately stacking an aluminum layer (19), a nickel layer (20), a zinc layer (21), a silicon dioxide nano-coating (22), and a stepped dielectric layer; The stepped dielectric layer includes a first dielectric layer (a1) and a second dielectric layer (a2), wherein the first dielectric layer (a1) adopts a lithium niobate crystal structure with a high dielectric constant and a high breakdown field strength, and the central region of the second dielectric layer (a2) adopts a polyimide structure with a low dielectric constant and good insulation performance.

5. The double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that: The aluminum layer (19) is located at the side of the external electrode element structure (120), and is close to the outer surface of the external electrode element structure (120); the nickel layer (20) is arranged at the bottom of the aluminum layer (19); the zinc layer (21) is located at the side of the nickel layer (20); the silicon dioxide nano-coating (22) covers the surface of the zinc layer (21), and the silicon dioxide nano-coating (22) is located at the outermost surface.

6. The double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side end of the external electrode element structure (120) is connected to a terminal (2) via an aluminum wire, a fast fuse (9) is installed on the outside of the side end of the external electrode element structure (120), an overvoltage protector (10) is connected to the center end of the fast fuse (9), and a temperature protector (11) is installed on the side end of the overvoltage protector (10), and the fast fuse (9) and the overvoltage protector (10) form a cooperative operation, so that when an abnormal current appears in the circuit and causes the melting threshold of the fast fuse (9) to be triggered, the fast fuse (9) can cut off the current path in time to prevent excessive current from causing damage to the external electrode element structure (120), the first dielectric film (121) and the second dielectric film.

7. The double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: The overvoltage protector (10) is used to maintain the voltage within a safe range by means of current shunting, voltage limiting, etc. when the circuit voltage exceeds a set threshold, thereby indirectly protecting the fast fuse (9) from false blowing due to overvoltage, and protecting the external electrode element structure (120) from the impact of overvoltage. The temperature protector (11) is interconnected with the fast fuse (9) and the overvoltage protector (10) through a circuit, and the temperature protector (11) is used to monitor the temperature of the external electrode element structure (120) and the surrounding environment.

8. The double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: A phase change material column (13) is installed on the outer peripheral side of the external electrode element structure (120), a heat conductive metal sheet (14) is installed on the side of the phase change material column (13), a heat conductive heat dissipation end (7) is installed on the side end of the phase change material column (13), and the heat conductive heat dissipation end (7) is located on the back surface of the device body (3).

9. The double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back side end of the body (3) is connected to a current conductive member (6), the side end of the current conductive member (6) is connected to a current control valve (8), the bottom of the current control valve (8) is connected to a current control generator (4), and the side end of the current conductive member (6) is electrically connected to a conductive sliding electrode (162) and a conductive electrode saddle block in sequence through a line.

10. The double-sided metallized safety film capacitor for new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: Water inlet prevention covers (1) are installed on the top and bottom of the device body (3), and desiccant sealing plates (5) are installed on the left and right sides of the water inlet prevention cover (1).

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