Energy storage device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides energy storage equipment, and relates to the technical field of energy, the energy storage equipment comprises a battery and a heat storage device, the battery is a solid oxide battery, the battery comprises an anode layer, an electrolyte layer and a cathode layer, the electrolyte layer is located between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and the battery further comprises an anode channel and a cathode channel; the heat storage device comprises a device shell and a heat storage medium, and the heat storage medium is located in the device shell; the energy storage equipment has a first state and a second state, in the first state, external current exists between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and the heat storage medium is used for absorbing heat of gas exhausted by the anode channel; and in the second state, the current value of the external current between the anode layer and the cathode layer is zero, and the heat storage medium is used for heating the gas entering the anode channel. According to the technical scheme, the temperature difference of the solid oxide battery in the starting and stopping states can be reduced, and the starting time of the solid oxide battery is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of energy technology, and in particular to an energy storage device. Background Art

[0002] Solid oxide batteries can not only operate in fuel cell mode, as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) to convert chemical energy into electrical energy; solid oxide batteries can also operate in electrolysis mode, as a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) to convert electrical energy into chemical energy. This bidirectional energy conversion capability makes solid oxide batteries highly flexible and have great application potential.

[0003] However, in the related art, the operating temperature of solid oxide batteries is usually high (for example, the operating temperature is usually between 550℃ and 1000℃). Since fixed oxide batteries are mostly made of ceramic materials, the start-up and stop time of fixed oxide batteries is too long. For example, the start-up or stop adopts a heating rate of no more than 3℃ / min, so the start-up time is usually 4h to 12h. Frequent cycling of solid oxide batteries between room temperature and high temperature will greatly reduce their lifespan. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides an energy storage device, which can reduce the temperature difference between a solid oxide battery in a start-up and stop state, and shorten the start-up time of the solid oxide battery.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present application provides an energy storage device, which includes a battery and a heat storage device. The battery is a solid oxide battery, which includes an anode layer, an electrolyte layer and a cathode layer, wherein the electrolyte layer is located between the anode layer and the cathode layer. The battery also includes an anode channel and a cathode channel, wherein the anode channel is used to guide internal gas to the anode layer, and the cathode channel is used to guide internal gas to the cathode layer. The heat storage device includes a device shell and a heat storage medium, wherein the heat storage medium is located in the device shell. The energy storage device has a first state and a second state. In the first state, an external current is present between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and the heat storage medium is used to absorb heat from the gas discharged from the anode channel. In the second state, the current value of the external current between the anode layer and the cathode layer is zero, and the heat storage medium is used to heat the gas entering the anode channel.

[0007] The anode layer of the battery can be a fuel electrode, and the cathode layer of the battery can be an air electrode or an oxygen electrode. The anode channel can guide hydrogen or water (water vapor) to the anode layer, and the gas generated by the reaction in the anode layer will also be discharged to the outside of the battery through the anode channel. The cathode channel can guide air to the cathode layer, and the gas generated by the reaction in the cathode layer will also be discharged through the cathode channel.

[0008] Among them, in the first state, the battery is in a working state, for example, the battery is used as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) or a solid oxide water electrolysis cell (SOEC), there is an external current between the anode layer and the cathode layer of the battery, the gas in the anode channel will exchange heat with the heat storage medium, and the heat storage device can store the heat generated by the battery. For example, in the case where the battery is used as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the battery converts the hydrogen in the anode layer into water (water vapor) and releases electricity, so that there is a current between the anode layer and the cathode layer. Since the discharge process of the battery is exothermic, part of the heat of the battery can be taken out by the gas in the anode channel, and the heat storage medium exchanges heat with the gas discharged from the anode channel, so that the heat storage device obtains a large amount of heat and stores it. For another example, in the case where the battery is used as a solid oxide water electrolysis cell (SOEC), the water (water vapor) in the anode layer is converted into hydrogen by an external current. Although the electrolysis process is an endothermic reaction, under the action of the battery's own impedance, the battery will heat up and gradually present a thermal equilibrium. After the external current between the anode layer and the cathode layer reaches a certain level, the excess heat generated by the battery will also be stored in the heat storage device.

[0009] When the energy storage device is in the second state, there is no external current between the anode layer and the cathode layer (the battery has no external current, and it is understandable that the battery has no internal current either), which means that the battery is in a standby state (the battery stops running). The gas entering the anode channel is heated by the heat storage medium, so that the heat storage device reversely supplies the stored heat to the battery to maintain the temperature of the battery, reducing the temperature difference between the battery in the start and stop states. When the battery needs to be started, the battery only needs to increase its temperature a small amount to reach the battery's starting temperature, shortening the battery's starting time (for example, from starting in hours to starting in minutes).

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the heat storage medium includes at least one of water, oil, fluorine-containing liquid, organic phase change heat storage material, molten salt phase change heat storage material, alloy phase change heat storage material or composite phase change heat storage material.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, in a first state, the gas temperature at the inlet of the anode channel is lower than the gas temperature at the outlet of the anode channel; in a second state, the gas temperature at the inlet of the anode channel is higher than the gas temperature at the outlet of the anode channel.

[0012] When the energy storage device is in the first state, the gas discharged from the anode channel takes away part of the heat of the battery, making the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the anode channel higher (higher than the temperature of the gas at the inlet of the anode channel). The high-temperature gas discharged from the anode channel transfers heat to the heat storage medium and is absorbed by the heat storage medium, so that the heat storage device stores heat from the battery. When the energy storage device is in the second state, the battery stops running, and the gas will first exchange heat with the heat storage medium before entering the anode channel (the heat storage medium heats the gas entering the anode channel). The temperature of the gas after the heat exchange increases, and enters the anode channel from the inlet of the anode channel, so that the temperature of the battery increases. After the lower temperature part of the battery absorbs the heat of the gas in the anode channel, the temperature of the gas in the anode channel will drop, and then it will be discharged from the outlet of the anode channel. That is, in the second state, the heat storage device reversely heats the battery to maintain the temperature of the battery.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the energy storage device also includes a first flow channel and a first driving member, the inlet of the anode channel and the outlet of the anode channel are both connected to the first flow channel, and the first driving member is used to drive the gas in the anode channel to circulate between the anode channel and the first flow channel; in the first state and the second state, at least a portion of the first flow channel exchanges heat with the heat storage medium.

[0014] The first flow channel is connected to both the inlet and outlet of the anode channel. Driven by the first driving member, the gas discharged from the anode channel outlet by the battery can return to the inlet of the anode pipe through the first flow channel. When the energy storage device is in the first state, the gas in the first flow channel (the gas discharged into the first flow channel by the anode channel) exchanges heat with the heat storage medium, and the heat of the battery can be stored in the heat storage device. When the energy storage device is in the second state, the gas in the first flow channel exchanges heat with the heat storage medium, and then the heat-exchanged gas is re-introduced into the anode channel through the first flow channel, so that the heat in the heat storage device can be supplied to the battery, and the temperature of the battery can be maintained when the battery stops running.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the heat storage device also includes a gas-liquid separator, which is used to separate gas and liquid. The first flow channel includes a first section and a second section, the first section connects the outlet of the anode channel and the gas-liquid separator, and the second section connects the gas-liquid separator and the inlet of the anode channel; in the first state, a part of the first section exchanges heat with the heat storage medium, and in the second state, a part of the second section exchanges heat with the heat storage medium.

[0016] The gas-liquid separator can separate gas and liquid by condensation. For example, the gas-liquid separator can separate hydrogen and liquid water in the first flow channel. In the first state, the gas in the anode channel will flow into the first section first after being discharged, and the gas discharged from the anode channel will exchange heat with the heat storage medium in the first section, so that the heat storage medium stores heat. After the gas in the first section exchanges heat with the heat storage medium, it will flow into the gas-liquid separator and separate the liquid from the gas. The gas after gas-liquid separation flows back to the anode channel through the second section. In the second state, the gas after gas-liquid separation enters the second section, and the gas in the second section exchanges heat with the heat storage medium with a higher temperature again. The gas in the second section is heated by the heat storage device, and the gas flows back into the anode channel after the temperature rises.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, in the first state and the second state, a portion of the first section and a portion of the second section both exchange heat with the heat storage medium.

[0018] A portion of the first section exchanges heat with the heat storage medium, so that the heat storage device can store heat in the first state. A portion of the second section exchanges heat with the heat storage medium, so that the heat storage device can heat and keep the battery warm in the second state.

[0019] In an optional embodiment, the first driving member is connected to the second section, the first driving member is located downstream of the gas-liquid separator, and the first driving member is located upstream of a portion of the second section for exchanging heat with a heat storage medium.

[0020] In some cases, the first drive component (e.g., a pump) has poor high temperature resistance, and a high operating temperature may affect the normal operation of the first drive component. The temperature of the gas flowing through the gas-liquid separator into the second section will decrease, and the temperature of the gas entering the second section is relatively low before being heated by the heat storage device. The first drive component is arranged in the lower temperature part of the second section, so that the ambient temperature of the first drive component is relatively low, reducing the possibility of damage to the first drive component.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, the energy storage device also includes a water tank, a second flow channel and a second driving member, the second flow channel connects the water tank and the second section, the second driving member is connected to the second flow channel and is used to drive the water in the water tank to flow into the second section through the second flow channel; the position of the second section for communicating with the second flow channel is located upstream of the part of the second section for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium.

[0022] When the battery is used as a reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC), the battery has both an electrolysis mode and a fuel cell mode. In the electrolysis mode, the battery converts electrical energy into chemical energy as a solid oxide water electrolysis cell (SOEC), and in the fuel cell mode, the battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Among them, when the battery is in the electrolysis mode, the battery electrolysis process consumes water, and the water tank can supply water to the battery.

[0023] In the second state, water can be introduced into the second section through the water tank and the second driving member. The water is heated into high-temperature steam by the heat storage device in the second section and then enters the anode channel, thereby raising the temperature of the battery and keeping the battery warm when the battery stops running.

[0024] In addition, in some cases, the second driving component (eg, a pump) has poor high temperature resistance, so the ambient temperature of the second driving component is relatively low, thereby reducing the possibility of damage to the second driving component.

[0025] In an optional embodiment, the energy storage device further includes a hydrogen storage device, which is connected to the second section, and the position of the second section for connecting to the hydrogen storage device is located upstream of the portion of the second section for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium.

[0026] In order to facilitate the storage of hydrogen, the hydrogen storage device is connected to the second section, and the hydrogen storage device can store hydrogen after gas-liquid separation by the gas-liquid separator. In addition, the connection position between the hydrogen storage device and the second section is located downstream of the gas-liquid separator. When the hydrogen storage device releases hydrogen, the hydrogen entering the anode channel will be heated by the heat storage device. For example, in the second state, the hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage device is heated to high-temperature hydrogen by the heat storage device in the second section and then enters the anode channel, raising the temperature of the battery and keeping the battery warm when the battery stops running.

[0027] In an optional embodiment, the first section for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium is located inside the device shell.

[0028] A portion of the first section is located inside the device shell, which facilitates heat exchange between the first section and the heat storage medium inside the device shell. This direct heat exchange method (no additional heat exchanger is required) has higher heat exchange efficiency and reduces heat loss generated by the first section and the heat storage medium during the heat exchange process.

[0029] In an optional embodiment, the second section for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium is located inside the device shell.

[0030] A portion of the second section is located inside the device shell, which facilitates heat exchange between the second section and the heat storage medium inside the device shell. This direct heat exchange method (no additional heat exchanger is required) has higher heat exchange efficiency and reduces heat loss generated during the heat exchange process between the second section and the heat storage medium.

[0031] In an optional embodiment, in the first state, the heat storage medium absorbs heat from the gas exhausted from the cathode channel.

[0032] When the energy storage device is in the first state, in addition to recovering and storing the heat in the anode channel, the heat storage device can also store the heat in the cathode channel. For example, when the battery is used as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the battery is exothermic, and the gas discharged through the cathode channel can also take out part of the heat of the battery. The heat storage medium exchanges heat with both the gas discharged from the anode channel and the gas discharged from the cathode channel, so that the heat storage device obtains and stores more heat. For another example, when the battery is used as a solid oxide water electrolysis cell (SOEC), part of the excess heat generated by the battery will be taken out of the battery through the gas discharged from the anode channel and the gas discharged from the cathode channel, and stored in the heat storage device by heat exchange. The gas discharged from the anode channel and the gas discharged from the cathode channel exchange heat with the heat storage medium together, making the battery heat utilization rate higher.

[0033] In an optional embodiment, the energy storage device also includes a third flow channel and a third driving member, the outlet of the cathode channel is connected to the third flow channel, and the third driving member is used to drive the gas in the cathode channel to flow in the cathode channel and the third flow channel; in the first state, a portion of the third flow channel exchanges heat with the heat storage medium.

[0034] The third flow channel is connected to the outlet of the cathode channel. Under the drive of the third driving member, the gas in the cathode channel can be discharged to the outside of the battery through the third flow channel. When the energy storage device is in the first state, the gas in the third flow channel (the gas discharged into the third flow channel by the cathode channel) exchanges heat with the heat storage medium, and the heat of the battery can be stored in the heat storage device, thereby improving the utilization rate of the battery heat and enabling the heat storage device to store more heat. When the battery stops running, the heat storage device can provide heat and keep the battery warm for a longer period of time.

[0035] In an optional embodiment, the portion of the third flow channel used for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium is located inside the device shell.

[0036] A portion of the third flow channel is located inside the device shell, which facilitates heat exchange between the gas in the third flow channel and the heat storage medium in the device shell. This direct heat exchange method (no additional heat exchanger is required) has a higher heat exchange efficiency and reduces the heat loss generated by the third flow channel and the heat storage medium during the heat exchange process.

[0037] In an optional embodiment, in the second state, the heat storage medium heats the gas entering the cathode channel.

[0038] When the energy storage device is in the second state, the heat storage medium can heat both the gas entering the anode channel and the gas entering the cathode channel, so that more heat stored in the heat storage device can be supplied to the battery, better maintaining the battery temperature, further reducing the temperature difference between the battery in the start and stop states, and shortening the battery startup time.

[0039] In an optional embodiment, the gas in the anode channel includes at least one of water vapor or hydrogen, and the gas in the cathode channel includes oxygen.

[0040] When the energy storage device is in the first state, if the battery is used as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the hydrogen (H2) in the anode channel reacts at the anode layer to generate hydrogen ions (H + ) and electrons, the electrons pass through the loop to the cathode layer, and the oxygen (O2) in the cathode channel combines with the electrons at the cathode layer to become oxygen ions (O 2- ), oxygen ions (O 2- ) pass through the electrolyte layer to the anode layer, and the hydrogen ions (H + ) in the anode layer and oxygen ions (O 2- ) reacts to produce water (H2O).

[0041] When the energy storage device is in the first state, if the battery is used as a solid oxide water electrolysis battery (SOEC), when an external current is applied between the anode layer and the cathode layer, the water vapor (H2O) introduced from the anode channel reacts at the anode layer to decompose into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen ions (O 2- ), oxygen ions (O 2- ) passes through the electrolyte layer to the cathode layer and produces oxygen (O2).

[0042] In addition, both water vapor and hydrogen can exist in the anode channel, and the ratio of water vapor and hydrogen is adjusted according to the mode of the cell. For example, if the cell is used as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the amount of hydrogen in the anode channel is increased, and if the cell is used as a solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC), the amount of water vapor in the anode channel is increased.

[0043] In an optional embodiment, the energy storage device further includes a shell, the shell includes a heat insulation layer, the battery is located inside the shell, and the heat storage device is located outside the shell.

[0044] The shell has a heat-insulating layer, which can keep the internal battery warm, reduce the heat loss of the battery in the second state (battery stops running), and reduce the temperature difference between the battery in the start and stop states.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, the material of the thermal insulation layer includes at least one of magnesium oxide, silicate, aluminum oxide or silicon dioxide. For example, the material of the thermal insulation layer includes aerogel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery in a fuel cell mode provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery in electrolysis mode provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of another battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of another battery provided in an embodiment of the present application in a fuel cell mode or an electrolysis mode;

[0051] Figure 6 A system diagram of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 7 A system diagram of another energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 8 A system diagram of another energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Fig. 9 A system diagram of another energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Fig.10 A system diagram of another energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Fig.11 A system diagram of another energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the structure of a shell provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0058] Reference numerals:

[0059] 100-energy storage device; 10-battery cabinet; 1-cabinet; 2-battery; 21-anode layer; 22-electrolyte layer; 23-cathode layer; 24-anode channel; 25-cathode channel; 26-battery sheet; 27-connector; 3-power distribution device; 4-pipeline; 41-first flow channel; 411-first section; 4111-first outlet main flow channel; 4112-first outlet branch flow channel; 412-second section; 4121-first inlet main flow channel; 4122-first inlet branch flow channel; 42-second flow channel; 43-third flow channel; 43 1-second outlet main channel; 432-second outlet branch channel; 44-fourth channel; 5-shell; 20-heat storage device; 201-device shell; 202-heat storage medium; 30-power supply / power consumption device; 401-first drive member; 402-second drive member; 403-third drive member; 50-gas-liquid separator; 60-water tank; 70-hydrogen storage device; 801-first heat exchanger; 802-second heat exchanger; 803-third heat exchanger; 901-first heat exchange tube; 902-second heat exchange tube; 903-third heat exchange tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0061] In this application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used only for descriptive purposes to distinguish one element from another element, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0062] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, "plurality" means two or more.

[0063] In addition, in this application, the words "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.

[0064] In the drawings of the embodiments of the present application, physical structures such as components and assemblies are represented by guide lines; structures composed of multiple components are represented by brackets or guide lines with solid arrows; hollow structures such as openings, holes, spaces, and cavities are represented by guide lines with hollow arrows.

[0065] An energy storage device 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 1 The structure of an energy storage device 100 is shown as an example. Figure 1 The energy storage device 100 includes a battery cabinet 10 and a heat storage device 20 (e.g., a heat storage tank), wherein the battery cabinet 10 includes a cabinet 1, a battery 2, a power distribution device 3, and a pipe 4. The cabinet 1 can be any structure that can serve as a device housing, for example, the cabinet 1 can be a metal cabinet. The battery 2 and the power distribution device 3 are both located in the cabinet 1, a portion of the pipe 4 is located in the cabinet 1, and another portion of the pipe 4 extends out of the cabinet 1 and is connected to other devices (e.g., the heat storage device 20).

[0066] Reference Figure 1 The heat storage device 20 includes a device shell 201 and a heat storage medium 202. The device shell 201 can be any structure capable of storing the heat storage medium 202. For example, the device shell 201 can be a tank, a box, etc., and the present application does not impose any specific restrictions on this. The heat storage medium 202 is located in the device shell 201, and the heat storage medium 202 is used to store heat. For example, the heat storage medium 202 includes at least one of water, oil, fluorine-containing liquid, organic phase change heat storage material, molten salt phase change heat storage material, alloy phase change heat storage material, or composite phase change heat storage material.

[0067] Among them, the battery 2 in the cabinet 1 is a solid oxide battery, and the battery 2 can also be called a reversible solid oxide battery (Reversible Solid Oxide Cell, rSOC). The battery 2 can be used as a solid oxide fuel cell (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, SOFC), and the battery 2 can convert chemical energy into electrical energy. In addition, the battery 2 can also be used as a solid oxide electrolysis cell (Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell, SOEC), and the battery 2 can convert electrical energy into chemical energy.

[0068] Figure 2 The structure of a battery 2 is shown as an example. Figure 2 The battery 2 includes an anode layer 21, an electrolyte layer 22 and a cathode layer 23, wherein the electrolyte layer 22 is located between the anode layer 21 and the cathode layer 23, wherein the anode layer 21 of the battery 2 may be a fuel electrode, and the cathode layer 23 of the battery 2 may be an air electrode or an oxygen electrode. In addition, the battery 2 also includes an anode channel 24 and a cathode channel 25, wherein the anode channel 24 is used to guide the internal gas (e.g., hydrogen and / or water) to the anode layer 21, and the gas generated by the reaction of the anode layer 21 is also discharged to the outside of the battery 2 through the anode channel 24; the cathode channel 25 is used to guide the internal gas (e.g., air) to the cathode layer 23, and the gas generated by the reaction of the cathode layer 23 is also discharged to the outside of the battery 2 through the cathode channel 25.

[0069] The energy storage device 100 has a first state and a second state. In the first state, the battery 2 is in operation. In the second state, the battery 2 is in standby mode (the battery 2 stops operating).

[0070] In one example, the energy storage device 100 is in the first state, the battery 2 has a fuel cell mode, referring to Figure 2 ( Figure 2 In the fuel cell mode, the battery 2 acts as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and the battery 2 converts the hydrogen in the anode layer 21 into water and releases electricity, so that there is an external current between the anode layer 21 and the cathode layer 23 (the battery 2 has an external current). For example, hydrogen (H2) is introduced into the anode channel 24, and oxygen (O2) is introduced into the cathode channel. The oxygen in the cathode channel 25 reacts at the cathode layer 23 to become oxygen ions (O 2- ), oxygen ions (O 2- ) passes through the electrolyte layer 22 to reach the anode layer 21, and the hydrogen in the anode channel 24 reacts with oxygen ions at the anode layer 21 to generate water (H2O), and the water generated at the anode layer 21 and the unreacted hydrogen are discharged from the anode channel 24.

[0071] Figure 2 The hollow arrow at the entrance of the anode channel 24 indicates the inflow direction of the gas, and the hollow arrow at the exit of the anode channel 24 indicates the outflow direction of the gas; similarly, the hollow arrow at the entrance of the cathode channel 25 indicates the inflow direction of the gas, and the hollow arrow at the exit of the cathode channel 25 indicates the outflow direction of the gas. In addition, the hollow arrow on the circuit where the power supply / power consumption device 30 (power consumption device in fuel cell mode, or load) is located indicates the direction of the external current of the battery 2 (external current between the anode layer 21 and the cathode layer 23). It can be understood that when the battery 2 is in the fuel cell mode, the external current of the battery 2 flows from the anode layer 21 to the cathode layer 23.

[0072] In another example, the energy storage device 100 is in the first state, the battery 2 has an electrolysis mode, Figure 3 The battery 2 is shown in the electrolysis mode. Figure 3In the electrolysis mode, the cell 2 acts as a solid oxide water electrolysis cell (SOEC), and converts the water in the anode layer 21 into hydrogen through an external current applied by the power supply / power consumption device 30 (power supply device in the electrolysis mode, such as a photovoltaic module). For example, water is introduced into the anode channel 24, and when an external current is applied between the anode layer 21 and the cathode layer 23, the water introduced from the anode channel 24 reacts and decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen ions at the anode layer 21, and the oxygen ions pass through the electrolyte layer 22 to reach the cathode layer 23 and produce oxygen. The hydrogen generated at the anode layer 21 and the unreacted water are discharged from the anode channel 24. In addition, air can be introduced into the cathode channel 25 to discharge the oxygen generated in the cathode layer 23.

[0073] Figure 3 The hollow arrow at the entrance of the anode channel 24 indicates the inflow direction of the gas, and the hollow arrow at the exit of the anode channel 24 indicates the outflow direction of the gas; similarly, the hollow arrow at the entrance of the cathode channel 25 indicates the inflow direction of the gas, and the hollow arrow at the exit of the cathode channel 25 indicates the outflow direction of the gas. In addition, the hollow arrow on the circuit where the power supply / power consumption device 30 is located indicates the direction of the external current of the battery 2, that is, when the battery 2 is in the electrolysis mode, the external current of the battery 2 flows from the cathode layer 23 to the anode layer 21.

[0074] By comparison Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that in the fuel cell mode ( Figure 2 The direction of the external current between the anode layer 21 and the cathode layer 23 is different from that in the electrolysis mode ( Figure 3 In the mode described above, the directions of external currents between the anode layer 21 and the cathode layer 23 are opposite.

[0075] In another example, when the energy storage device 100 is in the first state, the battery 2 has a fuel cell mode and an electrolysis mode, that is, when the energy storage device 100 is in the first state, the battery 2 can switch between the fuel cell mode and the electrolysis mode. It can be understood that when the energy storage device 100 is in the first state, no matter whether the battery 2 is in the fuel cell mode or the electrolysis mode, there is an external current between the anode layer 21 and the cathode layer 23 of the battery 2.

[0076] When the energy storage device 100 is in the second state, the battery 2 stops working, that is, there is no external current between the anode layer 21 and the cathode layer 23 (the battery 2 has no external current, and it can be understood that the battery 2 also has no internal current), or in other words, the current value of the external current between the anode layer 21 and the cathode layer 23 is zero.

[0077] Figure 4 The structure of another battery 2 is shown as an example. The battery 2 can be understood as a battery stack. Figure 4The battery 2 includes a plurality of battery cells 26, each of which includes an anode layer 21, an electrolyte layer 22 and a cathode layer 23. In each battery cell 26, the electrolyte layer 22 is located between the anode layer 21 and the cathode layer 23. In addition, the battery 2 also includes a plurality of connecting sheets 27, each of which is located between two connecting sheets 27. After the plurality of connecting sheets 27 are combined, an anode channel 24 and a cathode channel 25 are formed inside the battery. Taking one of the connecting sheets 27 (connecting sheet 27a) as an example, one side of the connecting sheet 27a faces the cathode layer 23 of the battery cell 26a, and the other side faces the anode layer 21 of the battery cell 26b. The connecting sheet 27 has two mutually isolated sub-channels (sub-channel a and sub-channel b). The sub-channel a of the connecting sheet 27a guides the gas to the cathode layer 23 of the battery cell 26a, and the sub-channel b of the connecting sheet 27a guides the gas to the anode layer 21 of the battery cell 26b. After multiple connecting sheets 27 are combined, the sub-channels a of each connecting sheet 27 are interconnected to form a cathode channel 25, and the sub-channels b of each connecting sheet 27 are interconnected to form an anode channel 24. The anode channel 24 can guide the internal gas to the anode layer 21 of each battery cell 26, and the cathode channel 25 can guide the internal gas to the cathode layer 23 of each battery cell 26.

[0078] In addition, refer to Figure 4 The connecting piece 27 between two battery cells 26 can also play the role of connecting adjacent battery cells 26 in series, that is, multiple battery cells 26 can be connected in series through multiple connecting pieces 27. Figure 5 The example shows Figure 4 In the case of the battery 2 in the fuel cell mode or the electrolysis mode, refer to Figure 5 The plurality of battery cells 26 connected in series are electrically connected to the power supply / power consumption device 30 , and in the first state, an external current is provided between the anode layer 21 and the cathode layer 23 of any battery cell 26 of the battery 2 .

[0079] Since the discharge process of the battery 2 is exothermic, the battery 2 will generate a large amount of heat in the fuel cell mode. In addition, although the electrolysis process of the battery 2 (the battery 2 is in the electrolysis mode) is an endothermic reaction, the battery 2 will generate heat under the action of the impedance of the battery 2 itself. For example, under the action of the impedance, when the working current (the external current between the cathode layer 23 and the anode layer 21) reaches the thermoneutral potential, the battery 2 as a whole is in thermal equilibrium. If the current continues to increase, and after the external current between the cathode layer 23 and the anode layer 21 reaches a certain level, the battery 2 will generate excess heat (for example, the electric-heat conversion rate reaches 10% to 20%).

[0080] Therefore, when the energy storage device 100 is in the first state, the gas discharged from the anode channel 24 can exchange heat with the heat storage medium 202 (the gas discharged from the anode channel 24 will take away part of the heat of the battery 2). For example, the operating temperature of the heat storage device 20 is not higher than the operating temperature of the battery 2, and the heat of the battery 2 is stored in the heat storage device 20 after the heat exchange. For example, when the battery 2 is in the fuel cell mode, the battery 2 acts as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and the heat storage device 20 can store a large amount of heat; for another example, when the battery 2 is in the electrolysis mode, the battery 2 acts as a solid oxide water electrolysis cell (SOEC), and as the external current of the battery 2 increases, the heat storage device 20 can also store a small amount of heat.

[0081] That is, when the energy storage device 100 is in the first state, the gas discharged from the anode channel 24 takes away part of the heat of the battery 2, so that the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the anode channel 24 is higher, and the high-temperature gas discharged from the anode channel 24 transfers the heat to the heat storage medium 202, so that the heat storage device 20 stores the heat from the battery 2.

[0082] Among them, the heat stored in the heat storage device 20 can keep the battery 2 warm when the battery 2 is not working, that is, when the energy storage device 100 is in the second state (battery 2 stops running), the heat storage medium 202 exchanges heat with the anode channel 24, so that the heat storage device 20 reversely supplies the stored heat to the battery 2, thereby maintaining the temperature of the battery 2. For example, before the gas enters the anode channel 24, it will first exchange heat with the heat storage medium 202, and the heat storage medium 202 will heat the gas entering the anode channel 24. The gas heated by heat exchange enters the anode channel 24 from the entrance of the anode channel 24, so that the temperature of the battery 2 is increased. After the lower temperature part of the battery 2 absorbs the heat of the anode channel 24, the temperature of the gas in the anode channel 24 will drop, and then be discharged from the outlet of the anode channel 24. In this way, the battery 2 absorbs the heat from the heat storage device 20, reducing the temperature difference between the battery 2 in the start and stop states. When the battery 2 needs to be started, it only needs to increase a small amount of temperature to reach the start temperature of the battery 2, shortening the start time of the battery 2 (quick start and stop in minutes).

[0083] There are many ways for the gas discharged from the anode channel 24 to exchange heat with the heat storage medium 202. In one example, Figure 6 A system diagram of an energy storage device 100 is shown as an example. Figure 6 The energy storage device 100 includes a first flow channel 41, at least a portion of which is formed in the pipe 4, and the inlet of the anode channel 24 and the outlet of the anode channel 24 are both connected to the first flow channel 41. The energy storage device 100 also includes a first driving member 401, which can be located in the cabinet 1 (the structure of the cabinet 1 is referred to as Figure 1), the first driving member 401 may also be located outside the cabinet 1, and the present application does not impose any specific restrictions on this. The first driving member 401 is connected to the first flow channel 41, and the first driving member 401 (for example, an air pump) is used to drive the gas in the anode channel 24 to circulate between the anode channel 24 and the first flow channel 41 (the hollow arrow on the first flow channel 41 indicates the flow direction of the gas). When the energy storage device 100 is in the first state and the second state, at least a portion of the first flow channel 41 exchanges heat with the heat storage medium 202, for example, a portion of the first flow channel 41 is located in the device shell 201.

[0084] When the energy storage device 100 is in the first state (battery 2 is in fuel cell mode or electrolysis mode), the gas in the first flow channel 41 (gas discharged into the first flow channel 41 by the anode channel 24) exchanges heat with the heat storage medium 202, so that the heat of the battery 2 can be stored in the heat storage device 20.

[0085] That is, after the gas discharged from the anode channel 24 takes away part of the heat of the battery 2, the gas temperature at the outlet of the anode channel 24 is higher. After the high-temperature gas discharged from the anode channel 24 enters the device shell 201, the heat will be transferred to the heat storage medium 202 and absorbed by the heat storage medium 202, so that the heat storage device 20 stores the heat from the battery 2. The temperature of the gas in the first flow channel 41 decreases after heat exchange with the heat storage medium 202, and the gas after heat exchange returns to the entrance of the anode channel 24. After the gas at the entrance of the anode channel 24 re-enters the anode channel 24, the gas in the anode channel 24 will react in the anode layer 21 and take away part of the heat of the battery 2 again, and be discharged from the outlet of the anode channel 24 again. The gas discharged from the outlet of the anode channel 24 is heated again and continues to exchange heat with the heat storage medium 202, so that the heat storage device 20 continues to store heat.

[0086] When the energy storage device 100 is in the second state (battery 2 stops running), the gas in the first flow channel 41 still circulates, for example, hydrogen still flows in the first flow channel 41, reducing the possibility of aging of the anode layer 21 of the battery 2. The gas in the first flow channel 41 exchanges heat with the heat storage medium 202 to increase the temperature, and then the heated gas is re-introduced into the anode channel 24 through the first flow channel 41. The heat storage medium 202 heats the gas entering the anode channel 24, and the heat in the heat storage device 20 can be supplied to the battery 2. When the battery 2 stops running, the temperature of the battery 2 is maintained by the heat supplied by the heat storage device 20.

[0087] That is, when the energy storage device 100 is in the second state, the gas discharged from the outlet of the anode channel 24 will exchange heat with the heat storage medium 202, the temperature of the gas after the heat exchange will increase, and the gas will re-enter the anode channel 24 from the inlet of the anode channel 24, so that the temperature of the battery 2 will increase. After the lower temperature part of the battery 2 absorbs the heat of the gas in the anode channel 24, the temperature of the gas in the anode channel 24 will drop, and then it will be discharged from the outlet of the anode channel 24, and continue to exchange heat with the heat storage medium 202, continuously supply heat to the battery 2, and reduce the temperature difference between the battery 2 in the start and stop states.

[0088] exist Figure 6 In the example shown, a portion of the first flow channel 41 is located in the device shell 201, so that the gas in the first flow channel 41 can exchange heat with the heat storage medium 202 in the device shell 201. This direct heat exchange method has a higher heat exchange efficiency and reduces the heat loss generated by the first flow channel 41 and the heat storage medium 202 during the heat exchange process. In some other examples, the first flow channel 41 may not extend into the device shell 201. In this example, an additional heat exchange device may be provided to assist the first flow channel 41 in exchanging heat with the heat storage device 20.

[0089] In some examples, reference Figure 6 , the gas (all or part) discharged from the outlet of the anode channel 24 can be recycled and re-enter the anode channel 24 from the inlet of the anode channel 24. For example, the hydrogen produced by the battery 2 in the electrolysis mode is discharged from the outlet of the anode channel 24 and then returns to the anode channel 24 for use by the battery 2 in the fuel cell mode.

[0090] In some examples, reference Figure 6 The energy storage device 100 further includes a water tank 60 and a second driving member 402. Driven by the second driving member 402 (e.g., a water pump), the water tank 60 is used to supply water to the battery 2 in the electrolysis mode. The water tank 60 and the second driving member 402 may be located in the cabinet 1 (the structure of the cabinet 1 is shown in FIG. 1 ). Figure 1 ), the water tank 60 and the second driving member 402 may also be located outside the cabinet 1, or the water tank 60 and the second driving member 402 may be located inside the cabinet 1 and outside the cabinet 1, and the present application does not impose any specific restrictions on this. In addition, the energy storage device 100 further includes a second flow channel 42, which is connected to the water tank 60 and the inlet of the anode channel 24, for example, Figure 6 In the example shown, the second flow channel 42 is connected to the first flow channel 41 to achieve communication between the second flow channel 42 and the inlet of the anode channel 24. The second driving member 402 is used to drive the water in the water tank 60 to flow into the first flow channel 41 through the second flow channel 42, and then flow into the anode channel 24 through the first flow channel 41.

[0091] In some examples, the hydrogen discharged from the battery 2 in the electrolysis mode can also be stored for use by the battery 2 in the fuel cell mode. Figure 6 The energy storage device 100 further includes a hydrogen storage device 70, which can store and release hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen storage device 70 is located outside the battery cabinet 10, and the present application does not specifically limit the structure and form of the hydrogen storage device 70. When the battery 2 is in the electrolysis mode, the hydrogen discharged from the anode channel 24 of the battery 2 can enter the hydrogen storage device 70 for storage. When the battery 2 is in the fuel cell mode, the hydrogen storage device 70 provides hydrogen for the anode channel 24 of the battery 2.

[0092] In some examples, the energy storage device 100 further includes a gas-liquid separator 50. Figure 7 Another system diagram of an energy storage device 100 is shown as an example. Figure 7 , the gas-liquid separator 50 can cool the water vapor and then discharge the liquid water formed after the water vapor is cooled. For example, when the battery 2 is in the fuel cell mode, the battery 2 acts as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and the water vapor discharged from the anode channel 24 can be condensed into liquid water in the gas-liquid separator 50 and then discharged to the outside of the first flow channel 41, and other gases (for example, hydrogen) in the gas-liquid separator 50 will continue to flow in the first flow channel 41 after passing through the gas-liquid separator 50. For another example, when the battery 2 is in the electrolysis mode, the battery 2 acts as a solid oxide water electrolysis cell (SOEC), and the water vapor that has not reacted in the anode channel 24 can enter the gas-liquid separator 50 through the first flow channel 41, and condense into liquid water in the gas-liquid separator 50 and then discharge to the outside of the first flow channel 41, and other gases (for example, hydrogen) in the gas-liquid separator 50 will continue to flow in the first flow channel 41 after passing through the gas-liquid separator 50.

[0093] exist Figure 7 In the example shown, the gas-liquid separator 50 is not connected to the water tank 60. In some other examples, the gas-liquid separator 50 is connected to the water tank 60, and the water discharged from the gas-liquid separator 50 can flow into the water tank 60 for storage, providing a water source for the battery 2 in the electrolysis mode.

[0094] In the example where the energy storage device 100 includes a gas-liquid separator 50, refer to Figure 7, the first flow channel 41 includes a first section 411 and a second section 412, the first section 411 is connected to the outlet of the anode channel 24 and the gas-liquid separator 50, and the second section 412 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 50 and the inlet of the anode channel 24. When the energy storage device 100 is in the first state (battery 2 is running) and the second state (battery 2 is not running), a part of the first section 411 and a part of the second section 412 both exchange heat with the heat storage medium. That is, when the energy storage device 100 is in the first state, a part of the first section 411 and a part of the second section 412 both exchange heat with the heat storage medium, and, when the energy storage device 100 is in the second state, a part of the first section 411 and a part of the second section 412 both exchange heat with the heat storage medium.

[0095] There are many ways to exchange heat between a portion of the first section 411 and the heat storage medium 202. For example, Figure 7 The first section 411 for heat exchange with the heat storage medium 202 is located in the device shell 201. The direct heat exchange method has a higher heat exchange efficiency and reduces the heat loss generated by the first section 411 and the heat storage medium 202 during the heat exchange process. For another example, in some other examples, an additional heat exchange device can be provided to assist the first section 411 in heat exchange with the heat storage device 20.

[0096] There are also many ways to exchange heat between a portion of the second section 412 and the heat storage medium 202. For example, Figure 7 , the portion of the second section 412 used for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium 202 is located in the device shell 201. For another example, in some other examples, an additional heat exchange device may be provided to assist the second section 412 in exchanging heat with the heat storage device 20.

[0097] When the energy storage device 100 is in the first state (fuel cell mode or electrolysis mode), the gas in the anode channel 24 will flow into the first section 411 after being discharged, and the gas discharged from the anode channel 24 will exchange heat with the heat storage medium 202 in the first section 411, thereby heating the heat storage medium 202 and allowing the heat storage medium 202 to store heat. After exchanging heat with the heat storage medium 202, the gas in the first section 411 will flow into the gas-liquid separator 50, and the liquid will be separated from the gas. The gas after gas-liquid separation will flow back to the anode channel through the second section 412. When the energy storage device 100 is in the second state (battery 2 is not running), the gas discharged from the anode channel 24 will enter the second section 412 after gas-liquid separation through the gas-liquid separator 50. The gas in the second section 412 will exchange heat with the heat storage medium 202 with a higher temperature again, and the gas in the second section 412 will be heated by the heat storage medium 202. After the temperature of the gas in the second section 412 rises, it will flow back into the anode channel 24 to heat and keep the battery 2 warm.

[0098] exist Figure 7In the example shown, the second section 412 has a portion with a higher temperature and a portion with a lower temperature. For example, the temperature of the gas in the second section 412 is lower just after passing through the gas-liquid separator 50, and the temperature of the gas discharged from the gas-liquid separator 50 is lower before exchanging heat with the heat storage device 20. Therefore, the portion of the second section 412 that exchanges heat with the heat storage device 20 (the position indicated by the hollow arrow S1) to the gas-liquid separator 50 belongs to the portion with a lower temperature of the second section 412, and the portion of the second section 412 that exchanges heat with the heat storage device 20 (the position indicated by the hollow arrow S1) to the entrance of the anode channel 24 belongs to the portion with a higher temperature of the second section 412.

[0099] Some devices in the energy storage device 100 that are not resistant to high temperatures can be connected to the lower temperature portion of the second section 412, for example, Figure 7 , the first driving member 401 (for example, a pump) has poor high temperature resistance, and a high operating temperature may affect the normal operation of the first driving member 401. The first driving member 401 is connected to the second section 412, so that the first driving member 401 is located downstream of the gas-liquid separator 50, and the first driving member 401 is located upstream of the part of the second section 412 used for heat exchange with the heat storage medium 202 (the position indicated by the hollow arrow S1). The first driving member 401 is arranged in the lower temperature part of the second section 412, so that the operating temperature of the first driving member 401 is lower, and the possibility of damage to the first driving member 401 is reduced.

[0100] For another example, the second flow channel 42 is connected to the water tank 60 and the second section 412, the second driving member 402 is connected to the second flow channel 42, and the position of the second section 412 for communicating with the second flow channel 42 (the position indicated by the hollow arrow S2) is located upstream of the part of the second section 412 for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium 202 (the position indicated by the hollow arrow S1). The ambient temperature of the second driving member 402 is low, reducing the possibility of damage to the second driving member 402.

[0101] In addition, in order to facilitate the storage of hydrogen, refer to Figure 7 The hydrogen storage device 70 is connected to the second section 412, and the position of the second section 412 for connecting with the hydrogen storage device 70 (the position indicated by the hollow arrow S3) is located downstream of the gas-liquid separator 50, so that the hydrogen storage device 70 can store hydrogen after gas-liquid separation by the gas-liquid separator 50.

[0102] The "upstream" and "downstream" described in the above example can be determined based on the flow path of the gas, or can be determined by referring to the following method. For example, if the gas in the first section 411 flows from a of the first section 411 to b of the first section 411, then a of the first section 411 is located upstream of b of the first section 411; for another example, if the gas in the second section 412 flows from c of the second section 412 to d of the second section 412, then c of the second section 412 is located upstream of d of the second section 412.

[0103] According to the above judgment method, Figure 7 In the example shown, the gas in the second section 412 first flows to the first driving member 401, then flows to the position of the second section 412 for communicating with the hydrogen storage device 70 (the position indicated by the hollow arrow S3), then flows to the position of the second section 412 for communicating with the second flow channel 42 (the position indicated by the hollow arrow S2), and then flows to the part of the second section 412 for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium 202 (the position indicated by the hollow arrow S1). Then, in Figure 7 In the example shown, the first driving member 401 is located upstream of the position of the second section 412 for communicating with the hydrogen storage device 70 (the position indicated by the hollow arrow S3), the position of the second section 412 for communicating with the hydrogen storage device 70 (the position indicated by the hollow arrow S3) is located upstream of the position of the second section 412 for communicating with the second flow channel 42 (the position indicated by the hollow arrow S2), and the position of the second section 412 for communicating with the second flow channel 42 (the position indicated by the hollow arrow S2) is located upstream of the part of the second section 412 for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium 202 (the position indicated by the hollow arrow S1).

[0104] In addition, Figure 7 In the example shown, the energy storage device 100 is in the second state (battery 2 is not running), and the heat of the heat storage device 20 can be transferred to the battery 2 through hydrogen, the heat of the heat storage device 20 can be transferred to the battery 2 through water, or the heat of the heat storage device 20 can be transferred to the battery 2 through hydrogen and water.

[0105] For example, when the energy storage device 100 is in the second state, the first driving member 401 is started and the second driving member 402 is turned off. Driven by the first driving member 401, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 70 can flow in the second section 412 and heat up after flowing through the heat storage device 20. The heated gas enters the anode channel 24 to heat the battery 2.

[0106] For another example, when the energy storage device 100 is in the second state, the second driving member 402 is started and the first driving member 401 is turned off. Driven by the second driving member 402, the water in the water tank 60 can flow in the second section 412 and heat up after passing through the heat storage device 20. The heated gas (water vapor) enters the anode channel 24 and heats the battery 2.

[0107] For another example, when the energy storage device 100 is in the second state, both the first driving member 401 and the second driving member 402 are started. Driven by the first driving member 401 and the second driving member 402, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 70 and the water in the water tank 60 can flow in the second section 412, and heat up after passing through the heat storage device 20. The heated gas (water vapor and hydrogen) enters the anode channel 24 to heat the battery 2.

[0108] When the energy storage device 100 is in the first state, in addition to the anode channel 24 exchanging heat with the heat storage device 20, in some examples, the cathode channel 25 may also exchange heat with the heat storage device 20, that is, when the energy storage device 100 is in the first state, the heat storage medium 202 may also absorb the heat of the exhaust gas from the cathode channel 25. For example, Figure 8 The system diagram of another energy storage device 100 is shown as an example. When the battery 2 is in the fuel cell mode, the battery 2 acts as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The discharge process of the battery 2 is exothermic, and the gas discharged from the cathode channel 25 can also take out part of the heat of the battery 2. For another example, when the battery 2 is in the electrolysis mode, the battery 2 acts as a solid oxide water electrolysis cell (SOEC), part of the excess heat generated by the battery 2 will be taken out of the battery 2 through the gas discharged from the anode channel 24 and the gas discharged from the cathode channel 25, and stored in the heat storage device 20 by heat exchange. In this example, the heat storage medium 202 exchanges heat with both the gas discharged from the anode channel 24 and the gas discharged from the cathode channel 25, so that the heat storage device 20 obtains and stores more heat. In this way, the utilization rate of the heat of the battery 2 will be higher, and when the battery 2 stops running, the heat storage device 20 can provide heat and keep the battery 2 warm for a longer period of time.

[0109] The cathode channel 25 can exchange heat with the heat storage device 20 in any suitable manner. In one example, refer to Figure 8, the energy storage device 100 further includes a third flow channel 43 and a fourth flow channel 44. For example, at least a portion of the third flow channel 43 is formed in the pipe 4, and at least a portion of the fourth flow channel 44 is formed in the pipe 4. The outlet of the cathode channel 25 is connected to the third flow channel 43, and the inlet of the cathode channel 25 is connected to the fourth flow channel 44. The energy storage device 100 further includes a third driving member 403, which is connected to the fourth flow channel 44. The third driving member 403 (for example, an air pump) is used to drive the gas in the cathode channel 25 to flow in the cathode channel 25 and the third flow channel 43 (the hollow arrow on the third flow channel 43 indicates the flow direction of the gas), and a portion of the third flow channel 43 is located in the device shell 201. When the energy storage device 100 is in the first state, the portion of the third flow channel 43 located in the device shell 201 exchanges heat with the heat storage medium 202, and the heat storage medium 202 is heated by the gas in the third flow channel 43 (the gas discharged into the third flow channel 43 by the cathode channel 25), so that more heat of the battery 2 can be stored in the heat storage device 20.

[0110] The third driving member 403 may be located in the cabinet 1 (the structure of the cabinet 1 is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ), the third driving member 403 may also be located outside the cabinet 1, and the present application does not impose any specific limitation on this.

[0111] In another example, the third flow channel 43 can exchange heat with the heat storage device 20 through a heat exchange device, and in this example, if the first flow channel 41 also needs to exchange heat with the heat storage device 20 through a heat exchange device, the first flow channel 41 and the third flow channel 43 can share the heat exchange device. Fig. 9 A system diagram of another energy storage device 100 is shown as an example. Fig. 9 The energy storage device 100 further includes a first heat exchanger 801 (heat exchange device, for example, a plate heat exchanger) and a first heat exchange tube 901. The first flow channel 41 and the third flow channel 43 both pass through the first heat exchanger 801. In the example where the first flow channel 41 includes a first section 411 and a second section 412, the first section 411 and the second section 412 both pass through the first heat exchanger 801. A portion of the first heat exchange tube 901 is located in the heat storage device 20, and the first heat exchange tube 901 is also connected to the heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 801. Through the first heat exchanger 801, the gas in the first section 411, the gas in the second section 412, and the gas in the third flow channel 43 can all exchange heat with the gas in the first heat exchange tube 901. The gas in the first heat exchange tube 901 is driven by a driving device (for example, an air pump) to circulate the gas in the first heat exchange tube 901. In this way, when the energy storage device 100 is in the first state and the second state, heat exchange between the battery 2 and the heat storage device 20 can also be achieved.

[0112] In the example where the energy storage device 100 further includes a first heat exchanger 801 and a first heat exchange tube 901, the first heat exchanger 801 may be located in the cabinet 1 (the structure of the cabinet 1 is shown in FIG. 1 ). Figure 1 ), the first heat exchanger 801 may also be located outside the cabinet 1, and this application does not impose any specific restrictions on this. It should be noted that when the first heat exchanger 801 is located inside the cabinet 1, a portion of the first heat exchange pipe 901 extends into the cabinet 1 and communicates with the first heat exchanger 801.

[0113] In some other examples, the first section 411 and the third flow channel 43 share a heat exchanger to exchange heat with the heat storage device 20, and the second section 412 exchanges heat with the heat storage device 20 alone through another heat exchanger. Fig.10 A system diagram of another energy storage device 100 is shown as an example. Fig.10 The energy storage device 100 also includes a second heat exchanger 802 (heat exchange device, such as a plate heat exchanger), a second heat exchange tube 902 , a third heat exchanger 803 (heat exchange device, such as a plate heat exchanger) and a third heat exchange tube 903 .

[0114] The first section 411 and the third flow channel 43 pass through the second heat exchanger 802, a portion of the second heat exchange tube 902 is located in the device shell 201, and the second heat exchange tube 902 is connected to the heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 802. Through the second heat exchanger 802, the gas in the first section 411 and the gas in the third flow channel 43 can exchange heat with the gas in the second heat exchange tube 902, so as to achieve heat exchange between the battery 2 and the heat storage device 20. That is, when the energy storage device 100 is in the first state, the gas discharged from the anode channel 24 and the cathode channel 25 can heat the heat storage device 20 through the second heat exchanger 802, so that the heat storage device 20 stores heat.

[0115] The second section 412 passes through the third heat exchanger 803, a portion of the third heat exchange tube 903 is located in the device shell 201, and the third heat exchange tube 903 is connected to the heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger 803. Through the third heat exchanger 803, the gas in the second section 412 can exchange heat with the gas in the third heat exchange tube 903 to achieve heat exchange between the battery 2 and the heat storage device 20. That is, when the energy storage device 100 is in the second state, the heat storage device 20 can heat the gas entering the anode channel 24 through the third heat exchanger 803 to maintain the temperature of the battery 2.

[0116] exist Fig.10In the example shown, the heat exchange can be carried out in a targeted manner by controlling the second heat exchanger 802 (or the second heat exchange tube 902) and the third heat exchanger 803 (or the third heat exchange tube 903). For example, when the energy storage device 100 is in the first state, only the second heat exchanger 802 and the second heat exchange tube 902 are operated, and the heat storage device 20 is heated by the gas in the first section 411 and the gas in the third flow channel 43. For another example, when the energy storage device 100 is in the second state, only the third heat exchanger 803 and the third heat exchange tube 903 are operated, and the gas in the second section 412 is heated by the heat storage device 20.

[0117] In some other examples, the third flow channel 43 may also be connected to both the outlet and the inlet of the cathode channel 25, that is, a portion of the gas circulates in the cathode channel 25 and the third flow channel 43. When the energy storage device 100 is in the second state (battery 2 stops running), the heat storage device 20 can also reversely supply the stored heat to the battery 2 through the heat exchange between the heat storage medium 202 and the cathode channel 25. That is, when the energy storage device 100 is in the second state, the heat storage medium 202 can heat both the gas entering the anode channel 24 and the gas entering the cathode channel 25, so that the heat stored in the heat storage device 20 can be supplied to the battery 2 more, and the temperature of the battery 2 can be better maintained, further reducing the temperature difference between the battery 2 in the start and stop states, and shortening the start time of the battery 2.

[0118] Fig.11 A system diagram of another energy storage device 100 is shown as an example. Fig.11 In this example, the battery 2 is provided with multiple. The first section 411 includes a first outlet main channel 4111 and multiple first outlet branch channels 4112, and the multiple first outlet branch channels 4112 are all connected to the first outlet main channel 4111; the second section 412 includes a first inlet main channel 4121 and multiple first inlet branch channels 4122, and the multiple first inlet branch channels 4122 are all connected to the first inlet main channel 4121. Each first inlet branch channel 4122 is connected to the inlet of an anode channel 24, each first outlet branch channel 4112 is connected to the outlet of an anode channel 24, and the first outlet main channel 4111 and the first inlet main channel 4121 are both connected to the gas-liquid separator 50. In this way, the gas in the first inlet main channel 4121 can flow into the multiple first inlet branch channels 4122, and enter the corresponding anode channel 24 through the multiple first inlet branch channels 4122, and then converge to the first outlet main channel 4111 through the multiple first outlet branch channels 4112. A portion of the first outlet main channel 4111 exchanges heat with the heat storage medium 202 . For example, a portion of the first outlet main channel 4111 is located in the device shell 201 and contacts the heat storage medium 202 .

[0119] Reference Fig.11 The third flow channel 43 includes a second outlet main flow channel 431 and a plurality of second outlet branch flow channels 432, wherein the plurality of second outlet branch flow channels 432 are all connected to the second outlet main flow channel 431, and each second outlet branch flow channel 432 is connected to the outlet of a corresponding cathode channel 25, so that the gas in the plurality of cathode channels 25 is collected to the second outlet main flow channel 431 through the plurality of second outlet branch flow channels 432. Part of the second outlet main flow channel 431 exchanges heat with the heat storage medium 202, for example, part of the second outlet main flow channel 431 is located in the device shell 201 and contacts the heat storage medium 202.

[0120] In some other examples, the first flow channel 41 for gas circulation may not be provided. For example, the inlet of the anode channel 24 is connected to the pipeline a (not shown in the drawings), and the outlet of the anode channel 24 is connected to the pipeline b (not shown in the drawings), wherein the pipeline a and the pipeline b are not connected to each other, that is, the gas discharged from the outlet of the anode channel 24 will not re-enter the anode channel 24 from the inlet of the anode channel 24. In this example, a portion of the pipeline a and the pipeline b may each be located in the device shell 201 of the heat storage device 20, so that both the pipeline a and the pipeline b can exchange heat with the heat storage device 20. When the energy storage device 100 is in the first state (battery 2 is in the fuel cell mode or the electrolysis mode), the heat storage medium 202 stores heat in the heat storage device 20 by exchanging heat with the pipe b. When the energy storage device 100 is in the second state (battery 2 stops running), the heat storage medium 202 heats the gas inside the pipe a by exchanging heat with the pipe a. After the gas inside the pipe a enters the anode channel 24, the heat can be transferred to the battery 2 to maintain the temperature of the battery 2 and keep the battery 2 warm.

[0121] In some examples, the battery 2 can be kept warm. For example, the energy storage device 100 further includes a housing 5. Fig.12 The structure of a housing 5 is shown as an example. Fig.12 The housing 5 is located in the cabinet 1, and the battery 2 is located in the housing 5. The housing 5 has a heat-insulating layer, and the battery 2 inside can be kept warm by the housing 5. The material of the heat-insulating layer includes at least one of magnesium oxide, silicate, aluminum oxide or silicon dioxide. For example, the material of the heat-insulating layer includes aerogel. The heat loss of the battery 2 in the second state (battery 2 stops running) can be reduced by the heat-insulating layer, and the temperature difference of the battery 2 in the start and stop states is reduced.

[0122] In some examples, both water vapor and hydrogen can exist in the anode channel 24, and the ratio of water vapor and hydrogen is adjusted according to the mode (electrolysis mode or fuel cell mode) of the cell 2. For example, if the cell 2 is in the fuel cell mode and acts as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the amount of hydrogen in the anode channel 24 is increased, and if the cell 2 is in the electrolysis mode and acts as a solid oxide water electrolysis cell (SOEC), the amount of water vapor in the anode channel 24 is increased.

[0123] In some examples, the gas in the cathode channel 25 may be air. When the battery 2 needs to consume the oxygen in the cathode channel 25 , the oxygen comes from the air in the cathode channel 25 .

[0124] In some examples, the energy storage device 100 can monitor the working mode of the battery 2 (e.g., electrolysis mode, fuel cell mode), various parameters of the battery 2 (e.g., voltage, current, temperature, etc. of the battery 2), or various parameters of the gas in the pipeline 4 (e.g., flow, pressure, temperature, etc. of the gas in the pipeline 4) to determine the state of the battery 2 and control the heat exchange between the battery 2 and the heat storage device 20. For example, when the energy storage device 100 is in the second state, the heat storage device 20 will provide heat according to the temperature feedback from the battery 2 and the pipeline 4.

[0125] In some examples, the energy storage device 100 of the present application can replace a generator. For example, the energy storage device 100 can be used in a diesel power generation scenario; for another example, the energy storage device 100 can be used as a backup power supply for a data center; for another example, the energy storage device 100 can be used as a backup power supply for a base station.

[0126] In some examples, energy storage device 100 may also be used as a hydrogen-to-electricity conversion unit in a hydrogen energy storage system.

[0127] In some examples, the energy storage device 100 of the present application can be used as a power source for chemical parks with large heat demand or sufficient waste heat, wherein the heat storage device 20 can be connected to the heat demand device or waste heat generating device of the chemical park.

[0128] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized in that: include: A battery, wherein the battery is a solid oxide battery, the battery comprises an anode layer, an electrolyte layer and a cathode layer, the electrolyte layer is located between the anode layer and the cathode layer, the battery further comprises an anode channel and a cathode channel, the anode channel is used to guide internal gas to the anode layer, and the cathode channel is used to guide internal gas to the cathode layer; A heat storage device, the heat storage device comprising a device shell and a heat storage medium, the heat storage medium being located in the device shell; The energy storage device has a first state and a second state, In the first state, there is an external current between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and the heat storage medium absorbs the heat of the gas discharged from the anode channel; In the second state, the current value of the external current between the anode layer and the cathode layer is zero, and the heat storage medium is heated by the gas entering the anode channel.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the first state, the gas temperature at the inlet of the anode channel is lower than the gas temperature at the outlet of the anode channel; In the second state, the gas temperature at the inlet of the anode channel is higher than the gas temperature at the outlet of the anode channel.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The energy storage device further includes a first flow channel and a first driving member, the inlet of the anode channel and the outlet of the anode channel are both in communication with the first flow channel, and the first driving member is used to drive the gas in the anode channel to circulate between the anode channel and the first flow channel; In the first state and the second state, at least a portion of the first flow channel exchanges heat with the heat storage medium.

4. The energy storage device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat storage device further includes a gas-liquid separator, which is used to separate gas and liquid, the first flow channel includes a first section and a second section, the first section is connected to the outlet of the anode channel and the gas-liquid separator, and the second section is connected to the gas-liquid separator and the inlet of the anode channel; In the first state, a portion of the first section exchanges heat with the heat storage medium, and in the second state, a portion of the second section exchanges heat with the heat storage medium; or, In the first state and the second state, a portion of the first section and a portion of the second section both exchange heat with the heat storage medium.

5. The energy storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first driving member is connected to the second section, the first driving member is located downstream of the gas-liquid separator, and the first driving member is located upstream of a portion of the second section used for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium.

6. The energy storage device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The energy storage device further includes a water tank, a second flow channel, and a second driving member, wherein the second flow channel connects the water tank and the second section, and the second driving member is connected to the second flow channel, and the second driving member is used to drive the water in the water tank to flow into the second section through the second flow channel; The position of the second section for communicating with the second flow channel is located upstream of the portion of the second section for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium.

7. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: The energy storage device further includes a hydrogen storage device, which is in communication with the second section, and a position of the second section for communicating with the hydrogen storage device is located upstream of a portion of the second section for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium.

8. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that: The first section, which is used for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium, is located inside the device shell.

9. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that: The portion of the second section used for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium is located inside the device shell.

10. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: In the first state, the heat storage medium is used to absorb heat from the gas exhausted from the cathode channel.

11. The energy storage device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The energy storage device further includes a third flow channel, the outlet of the cathode channel is in communication with the third flow channel, and in the first state, a portion of the third flow channel exchanges heat with the heat storage medium.

12. The energy storage device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The portion of the third flow channel used for exchanging heat with the heat storage medium is located inside the device shell.

13. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The gas in the anode channel includes at least one of water vapor or hydrogen, and the gas in the cathode channel includes oxygen.

14. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: The energy storage device further comprises a shell, the shell comprises a heat insulating layer, the battery is located inside the shell, and the heat storage device is located outside the shell.

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