Photovoltaic disconnection detection method and system, medium, program product and terminal

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic disconnection detection method and system, a medium, a program product and a terminal, a master node responds to a photovoltaic master station instruction to execute an initialization operation, acquires link channel data from a slave node through meter reading, executes disconnection detection based on the link channel data and returns to a disconnection slave node, and meanwhile supports direct communication and relay communication. And generating a deviation score or calculating RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) parameter summarization and marking broken line slave nodes through multi-round meter reading and offset point detection. The power generation efficiency and the power output of the photovoltaic system are improved, the troubleshooting time and the maintenance cost are reduced, the potential safety hazards such as poor electrical connection, local overheating, electric arcs and fire disasters are reduced, and the photovoltaic power generation system is suitable for large photovoltaic power stations and complex photovoltaic system networks and has wide application prospects and market potential. Meanwhile, the automation degree and the intelligent level of the photovoltaic system can be improved, the necessity of manual intervention is reduced, and the overall operation and maintenance efficiency and the cost effectiveness are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the photovoltaic field, and in particular to a photovoltaic disconnection detection method, system, medium, program product and terminal. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation is an important direction for the development of global renewable energy. It plays an increasingly important role in energy transformation due to its significant advantages of cleanliness, efficiency and sustainability. With the continuous advancement of photovoltaic technology, large-scale photovoltaic power stations are increasingly used in industrial, commercial and public infrastructure fields. However, the stable operation of photovoltaic power generation systems faces many technical challenges, among which the health of power transmission lines is directly related to the power generation efficiency and economy of the entire system. In practical applications, the line network of photovoltaic power stations is usually extremely complex, such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, it consists of hundreds or even thousands of photovoltaic modules and connection nodes. Traditional fault detection methods mainly rely on manual inspections and static tests, which have many limitations such as low efficiency, high cost, and poor real-time performance. Especially in large-scale photovoltaic power stations or those with complex geographical environments, traditional detection methods have been unable to meet the needs of fast and accurate fault location. Existing photovoltaic system disconnection detection technologies mainly include manual inspections, static voltage tests, and basic signal strength monitoring, but these methods have problems such as low efficiency, limited accuracy, and weak anti-interference capabilities.

[0003] Specifically, manual inspections are time-consuming, incomplete, and prone to missed inspections; static voltage testing has limited accuracy and is difficult to accurately locate specific fault nodes; basic signal strength monitoring has low anti-interference capabilities and detection accuracy. The main technical challenges faced by these traditional technical solutions include low detection efficiency, insufficient positioning accuracy, limited applicability, and weak anti-interference capabilities. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art mentioned above, the purpose of the present application is to provide a photovoltaic line break detection method, system, medium, program product and terminal, which are used to solve the problems of low detection efficiency, insufficient positioning accuracy, limited applicability and weak anti-interference ability in the existing photovoltaic system line break detection technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose and other related purposes, the first aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic line break detection method, which is applied to a master node, and the master node is communicatively connected to a photovoltaic master station and is communicatively connected to one or more slave nodes; the method comprises: in response to a line break detection instruction sent by the photovoltaic master station, performing an initialization operation; performing a meter reading operation on each of the slave nodes to obtain link channel data of each slave node; and performing a line break detection operation based on the link channel data of all slave nodes to obtain and send back the broken slave nodes of the photovoltaic master station.

[0006] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the communication method between the master node and each slave node includes one or more of the following communication methods: direct communication, in which the master node directly establishes a communication connection with each slave node; relay communication, in which a communication connection is established between the master node and one or more slave nodes through forwarding by a repeater.

[0007] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, when the communication mode between the master node and each slave node is the direct communication, the process of performing a meter reading operation on each slave node to obtain link channel data of each slave node includes: performing multiple rounds of meter reading operations on each slave node to obtain multiple link channel data, and the link channel data is the RSSI parameters between the master node and the current slave node; performing an offset point detection operation on the multiple link channel data to generate a deviation score for each slave node, and obtaining the corresponding disconnected slave node based on the deviation score.

[0008] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, a disconnection detection operation is performed based on link channel data of all slave nodes to obtain and send back the disconnected slave node of the photovoltaic master station, including: performing a Z-Score operation on multiple link channel data to generate a deviation of each slave node; if the absolute value of the deviation of the current slave node is greater than a preset threshold and the deviation of the current slave node is negative, marking the current node as a disconnected slave node of the photovoltaic master station.

[0009] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, when the communication mode between the master node and each slave node is the relay communication, the following steps are performed: a meter reading operation is performed on each of the slave nodes to obtain multiple link channel data, and the link channel data is the RSSI parameters between the current slave node and other slave nodes: for each slave node, the sum of the RSSI parameters between the current slave node and other slave nodes is calculated to generate a summary parameter of the slave node; the minimum value is extracted from the summary parameters of all slave nodes, and the corresponding slave node is marked as a disconnected slave node of the photovoltaic master station.

[0010] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the process of performing a meter reading operation on each of the slave nodes to obtain the link channel data of each slave node includes: performing multiple rounds of meter reading operations on each slave node at a preset period to obtain multiple rounds of link channel data of each slave node; storing the multiple rounds of link channel data of each slave node in a corresponding sliding window of a preset size, and performing weighted calculation on the real-time link channel data in the sliding window to generate smoothed link channel data of the current slave node.

[0011] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose and other related purposes, the second aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic line break detection system, including: a photovoltaic master station: used to send a line break detection instruction to a master node; a master node: used to perform an initialization operation in response to the line break detection instruction sent by the photovoltaic master station; perform a meter reading operation on each of the slave nodes to obtain the link channel data of each slave node; based on the link channel data of all slave nodes, perform a line break detection operation to obtain and send back the broken slave node of the photovoltaic master station; a slave node: used to upload the link channel data of the current slave node.

[0012] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose and other related purposes, the third aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and the computer program implements the photovoltaic line break detection method when executed by a processor.

[0013] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose and other related purposes, the fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program code. When the computer program code is run on a computer, the computer implements the photovoltaic line break detection method.

[0014] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose and other related purposes, the fifth aspect of the present application provides an electronic terminal, including a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory; the processor executes the computer program to implement the photovoltaic line break detection method.

[0015] As described above, the photovoltaic disconnection detection method, system, medium, program product and terminal of the present application have the following beneficial effects: the present application significantly improves the power generation efficiency and power output of the photovoltaic system, effectively reduces the troubleshooting time and maintenance cost, improves the reliability and safety of the photovoltaic system, and reduces safety hazards such as poor electrical connection, local overheating, arcing and fire. At the same time, it improves the automation and intelligence level of the photovoltaic system, reduces the necessity of manual intervention, and improves the overall operation and maintenance efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It is especially suitable for large-scale photovoltaic power stations and complex photovoltaic system networks, and has broad application prospects and market potential. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic system of the prior art of the photovoltaic line break detection method of the present application is shown.

[0017] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a process flow of an embodiment of a photovoltaic line break detection method of the present application is shown.

[0018] Figure 3 A flow chart of another embodiment of the photovoltaic line break detection method of the present application is shown.

[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of direct communication in an embodiment of the photovoltaic line break detection method of the present application is shown.

[0020] Figure 5 An RSSI signal diagram without disconnection and sliding window processing in an embodiment of a photovoltaic line break detection method of the present application is shown.

[0021] Figure 6 The RSSI signal diagram of the photovoltaic line break detection method in an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0022] Figure 7 A graph showing an RSSI signal without a broken circuit after sliding window processing in an embodiment of a photovoltaic broken line detection method of the present application is shown.

[0023] Figure 8 The RSSI signal diagram after sliding window processing of the disconnection in an embodiment of the photovoltaic disconnection detection method of the present application is shown.

[0024] Fig. 9 The RSSI signal diagram when there is no relay communication disconnection in an embodiment of the photovoltaic line break detection method of the present application is shown.

[0025] Fig.10 The RSSI signal diagram without a circuit break under relay communication in one embodiment of the photovoltaic line break detection method of the present application is shown.

[0026] Fig.11 The RSSI signal diagram of a disconnection under relay communication in an embodiment of a photovoltaic disconnection detection method of the present application is shown.

[0027] Fig.12 A signaling diagram of an embodiment of a photovoltaic line break detection system of the present application is shown.

[0028] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the structure of direct communication in an embodiment of the photovoltaic line break detection system of the present application is shown.

[0029] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the structure of relay communication in an embodiment of a photovoltaic line break detection system of the present application is shown.

[0030] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of a photovoltaic line break detection terminal of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following describes the embodiments of the present application through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0032] Before further explaining the present application in detail, the nouns and terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are explained. The nouns and terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are subject to the following interpretations:

[0033] <1> Photovoltaic disconnection detection: In photovoltaic power generation systems, professional monitoring technology and equipment are used to identify and locate electrical connection interruptions inside solar cells or interconnecting wires in solar panel modules, including disconnected welding points, partial or complete wire breakage, electrode detachment and other defects, and evaluate their potential impact on power generation performance and system reliability.

[0034] <2> Meter reading operation: In the communication network and metering system, the master node actively sends data reading instructions to the slave node (metering device) according to the specific communication protocol and timing to obtain the communication process of key data such as its current energy consumption and status. It is the core technical means to realize remote metering, monitoring and management.

[0035] <3> Link channel data: In a communication system, it describes the physical characteristics, transmission parameters, and performance indicators of the channel during information transmission, including but not limited to bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, attenuation characteristics, etc. It is the key basis for evaluating communication quality.

[0036] <4> RSSI signal: Received Signal Strength Indicator, is an important indicator used to quantify signal strength in wireless communications. It reflects the degree of signal attenuation during transmission from the transmitter to the receiver, and is of great significance to signal quality and communication stability.

[0037] <5> Direct communication: In a communication network, terminal devices directly establish point-to-point connections and exchange data without going through intermediate nodes. It has the characteristics of low latency and high communication efficiency.

[0038] <6> Relay communication: In scenarios where the communication network coverage is limited or the signal attenuation is severe, a communication method is used to forward signals through relay nodes to expand the communication coverage and improve the signal transmission quality.

[0039] <7> Deviation detection operation: In the field of signal processing and data analysis, it is used to identify and locate specific points in a data sequence that deviate from the expected or standard value and evaluate their potential impact on system performance and data integrity.

[0040] <8> Deviation score: A quantitative indicator used to measure the degree of deviation between actual measurement values ​​or observed data and ideal or expected values. It is calculated through a mathematical model and reflects the deviation state and abnormality of the system or process.

[0041] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, first Figure 2 Detailed description. Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of a photovoltaic disconnection detection method in an embodiment of the present application is shown. The photovoltaic disconnection detection method in this embodiment is applied to a master node in a photovoltaic system, and the method mainly includes the following steps:

[0042] Step S21: In response to the disconnection detection instruction sent by the photovoltaic master station, an initialization operation is performed.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present application, the master node is communicatively connected to the photovoltaic master station and is communicatively connected to one or more slave nodes. The photovoltaic master station is used to collect data from various photovoltaic components and subsystems (such as inverters, combiner boxes, etc.), monitor and record these data in real time, and fully understand the operating status of the system. Preferably, the master station is equipped with a user interaction interface and provides users with visual monitoring data and system status for operators to view in real time, and generate operation reports and analysis reports.

[0044] In this embodiment, since the inverter is connected to multiple strings of photovoltaic panels at the same time, when a disconnection occurs at a slave node, the string current where the photovoltaic panel is located will drop rapidly, while the currents of the remaining strings will not be affected. Based on this principle, when the inverter in the photovoltaic system detects that a photovoltaic component has a disconnection abnormality, it will actively report the abnormal information to the master station, so that the master station can obtain the disconnection fault location by sending a query command to the master node.

[0045] It should be noted that the inverter can effectively detect abnormal disconnection of photovoltaic modules through real-time monitoring and analysis of current, voltage and power. When it is detected that the current of a certain component or series circuit drops significantly or is zero, the voltage fluctuates abnormally, the total power generation power drops, or the communication between components is interrupted, the inverter will determine that there may be a disconnection fault in the photovoltaic system. These abnormalities are manifested as current drop, voltage instability, power reduction and communication failure. The inverter can quickly identify the problem and take corresponding measures through this information, and report it to the master station, so that the master station can send a disconnection detection instruction to the master node.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present application, the master node refers to the local communication module where the concentrator is located. The concentrator is used to connect and coordinate multiple slave nodes (such as solar panels, inverters, environmental sensors, etc.) in a photovoltaic system. The concentrator can effectively integrate the data collected from the slave nodes, perform preliminary processing and analysis, and is responsible for forwarding the data to the photovoltaic master station or the cloud.

[0047] Furthermore, the communication between the photovoltaic master station and the master node complies with the "Electricity Information Collection System Communication Protocol Part 2: Concentrator Local Communication Module Interface" issued by the State Grid. According to the State Grid protocol, the extended 05H_F118 command is used to send the abnormal power generation serial number information to the master node. After receiving the information, the master node will detect the corresponding string. The frame format has been clearly defined in the protocol and will not be repeated here. The content format of the extended 05H_F118 is shown in Table 1. On the basis of this protocol, in order to improve the reliability of the system, this embodiment specifically expands the disconnection detection command to enhance the fault detection and response capabilities.

[0048] Data content Data Format Number of bytes Serial Number BIN 1

[0049] Table 1: Serial number information format of disconnection detection command

[0050] In one embodiment of the present application, the initialization of the master node includes one or more of the following detection contents: performing hardware self-test to confirm component status, loading operating system and application, configuring network parameters (such as IP address and gateway), setting communication protocol (such as Modbus or TCP / IP), scanning and identifying slave nodes in the network, initializing system operation parameters, setting log record and monitoring system, performing security check, and performing function and performance test and necessary system debugging. After completing this initialization operation, the master node can perform data acquisition and data analysis operations of the slave node.

[0051] Step S22: performing a meter reading operation on each of the slave nodes to obtain link channel data of each slave node.

[0052] In one embodiment of the present application, the slave node refers to a combination of each photovoltaic panel and a local communication module. When the master node communicates with each slave node, a unique communication address is assigned to each slave node so that the master node can identify and distinguish different slave nodes. The master node transmits data with the slave node through this unique communication address and transmits the collected data to the master station. In the event of a fault, the master node reports the address of the slave node so that the master station can find the actual physical location through the address, thereby locating the disconnection fault. The extended 06H_F118 content format is shown in Table 2.

[0053] Data content Data Format Number of bytes address BIN 1

[0054] Table 2: Address format of disconnected slave nodes

[0055] In one embodiment of the present application, the disconnection detection process of the master node is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. When the master node receives the disconnection detection command from the master station, it performs initialization operations and reads the meters of each slave node, collects the voltage and current information of each photovoltaic panel, and determines the communication status between each slave node. If communication failure is found, it will be prioritized as one of the possible disconnection fault locations. Subsequently, the master node will send link instruction queries to the slave nodes in the specified string one by one, and wait for the response of each site. During this process, the master node will evaluate the link channel quality data between each site. By analyzing the link channel quality data of each slave node, the master node can further determine the fault location and report the identified fault location to the photovoltaic master station.

[0056] In one embodiment of the present application, in one embodiment of the present application, the master node performs data collection and link quality query on each slave node, and obtains the link channel quality data reported by each slave node. These quality data mainly include two key indicators: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and received signal strength indicator (RSSI). In the fault diagnosis process, SNR is difficult to be used as an independent disconnection detection criterion because of its large variation and unclear characteristics. In contrast, RSSI, as a direct measure of signal strength, can more accurately reflect the actual state of the communication link. When the RSSI value between a certain site and the master node is significantly reduced, it indicates that the link may be abnormal. Therefore, the master node can capture and judge possible disconnection faults in a timely manner by continuously monitoring the changes in RSSI, providing effective technical support for the operation and maintenance of the photovoltaic system.

[0057] It is worth mentioning that the advantage of using RSSI for disconnection detection is that RSSI belongs to narrowband carrier communication. Narrowband carrier communication has the characteristics of efficient spectrum utilization, long-distance transmission, strong anti-interference ability, low power consumption, real-time monitoring and high reliability, making it an ideal choice for disconnection detection in photovoltaic systems. RSSI is a signal strength indicator in narrowband carrier communication, which can reflect the transmission quality and strength of the signal. By monitoring the changes in RSSI, disconnection faults can be quickly discovered and alarm signals can be triggered, thereby reducing the downtime and power generation losses of the photovoltaic system.

[0058] In this embodiment, by generating a deviation score or calculating an RSSI parameter summary through multiple rounds of meter reading and offset point detection, the disconnected slave node can be accurately marked. This method can effectively improve the operating efficiency and reliability of the system, reduce maintenance workload and downtime. Therefore, RSSI is used for disconnection detection because it can provide real-time signal strength information, quickly detect disconnection faults, and trigger an alarm signal, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the photovoltaic system. At the same time, the low power consumption characteristics and strong anti-interference ability of RSSI also make it particularly suitable for equipment that requires long-term operation and is difficult to maintain frequently, such as remote sensors.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present application, the communication method between the master node and each slave node includes one or more of the following communication methods: direct communication, in which the master node directly establishes a communication connection with each slave node; relay communication, in which a communication connection is established between the master node and one or more slave nodes through forwarding by a repeater.

[0060] In one embodiment of the present application, the process of performing a meter reading operation on each of the slave nodes to obtain the link channel data of each slave node includes: performing multiple rounds of meter reading operations on each slave node at a preset period to obtain multiple rounds of link channel data of each slave node; storing the multiple rounds of link channel data of each slave node in a corresponding sliding window of a preset size, and performing weighted calculation on the real-time link channel data in the sliding window to generate smoothed link channel data of the current slave node.

[0061] In this embodiment, a sliding window algorithm is used to realize real-time monitoring of RSSI, so as to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of node disconnection detection, and effectively filter the instantaneous fluctuation of the signal. In an exemplary manner, a sliding window with a fixed size of 4 is used, and the last 4 RSSI values ​​are statistically analyzed each time, so as to provide sufficient historical data for trend analysis while maintaining real-time performance. Its weight distribution is shown in Formulas 1 to 3, and a linear increasing strategy is adopted to give higher weights to the most recent data points. The weight sum is calculated and normalized by linearly increasing the initial weights w1, w2, w3, and w4 to ensure that the weight sum is 1. The data processing flow follows that the window starts from the initial position of the data stream, moves one data point at a time, and calculates the weighted average of RSSI based on the weighted method at each window position, thereby realizing sensitive capture and trend analysis of signal strength changes.

[0062] w1=1,w2=2,w3=3,w4=4 (Formula 1)

[0063] sum_weights=w1+w2+w3+w4=10 (Formula 2)

[0064]

[0065] The sliding window algorithm provides an accurate and dynamic analysis method for RSSI monitoring, which can capture subtle changes in signal strength in real time. By carefully tracking the continuous data stream, the algorithm can not only effectively identify instantaneous interference and emergencies, but also effectively suppress misjudgments caused by random fluctuations. When the RSSI drops significantly, the algorithm can quickly and accurately capture this trend and provide a timely warning and protection mechanism for the system. This dynamic and adaptive signal processing method significantly improves the reliability and intelligent monitoring level of the communication network, and provides strong technical support for fault diagnosis in complex communication environments.

[0066] It should be explained that the sliding window algorithm is an efficient data processing technology, which is mainly used for real-time analysis and processing of continuous data streams. The basic principle is to define a fixed-size window on the data sequence, which moves dynamically along the data stream. At each window position, the algorithm performs specific calculation operations on the data in the window, such as averaging, statistical features, or pattern recognition. As the window slides, the earliest data is removed and the latest data is included, realizing continuous and efficient real-time analysis of the data stream. This method not only significantly reduces the computational complexity, but also can capture dynamic changes in the data stream in a timely manner. It is widely used in signal processing, time series analysis and other fields.

[0067] Step S23: Based on the link channel data of all slave nodes, a disconnection detection operation is performed to obtain and send back the disconnected slave node of the photovoltaic master station.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present application, when the communication mode between the master node and each slave node is the direct communication, the process of performing a meter reading operation on each slave node to obtain link channel data of each slave node includes: performing multiple rounds of meter reading operations on each slave node to obtain multiple link channel data, and the link channel data is the RSSI parameter between the master node and the current slave node; performing an offset point detection operation on the multiple link channel data to generate a deviation score for each slave node, and obtaining the corresponding disconnected slave node based on the deviation score.

[0069] Furthermore, based on the link channel data of all slave nodes, a disconnection detection operation is performed to obtain and send back the disconnected slave node of the photovoltaic master station, and the process includes: performing a Z-Score operation on multiple link channel data to generate a deviation of each slave node; if the absolute value of the deviation of the current slave node is greater than a preset threshold, and the deviation of the current slave node is negative, the current node is marked as a disconnected slave node of the photovoltaic master station.

[0070] In this embodiment, although RSSI can effectively locate disconnection faults in most scenarios, its inherent volatility and instability may lead to errors in fault location determination. Figure 4 In the circuit shown, when a line break occurs at both ends of the inverter, the RSSI values ​​of all slave nodes in the string of nodes will show a downward trend. At this time, the minimum RSSI value cannot accurately correspond to the actual line break position, which will directly lead to misjudgment of line break detection. When a line break occurs at both ends of the inverter, the RSSI values ​​of the master node and all slave nodes in the string will show approximately horizontal fluctuation characteristics. This abnormal phenomenon is likely to be caused by the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the inverter for the string impedance. Therefore, there are significant limitations in simply relying on the minimum value of RSSI to determine the fault location. Therefore, in this embodiment, multiple rounds of data collection and Z-Score operation are performed.

[0071] Among them, Z-score refers to the standard score or standardized score, which is a statistical indicator used to quantify the degree of deviation of a data point from the mean of a data set. It accurately reflects the relative distance between the original score and the average value by calculating the number of standard deviations of the data point from the mean. In the fault diagnosis of photovoltaic systems, the Z-score operation is used to analyze the RSSI parameters between the master node and each slave node. Specifically, by calculating the Z-score of the RSSI parameter of each slave node, abnormal nodes that deviate from the normal range can be identified. This method can not only detect anomalies in a single measurement, but also comprehensively evaluate the results of multiple rounds of tests, and finally determine and report the most likely faulty node. The Z-score operation is shown in Formula 4.

[0072]

[0073] Where X is the value of the data point, μ is the mean of the data set, and σ is the standard deviation of the data set. When the Z-score is 0, it means that the data point is equal to the mean; when the Z-score is positive, it means that the data point is higher than the mean, and the larger the value, the farther away from the mean; when the Z-score is negative, it means that the data point is lower than the mean, and the smaller the value, the farther away from the mean. By calculating the Z-score, you can effectively identify outliers in the data set.

[0074] In this embodiment, in traditional statistical methods, a Z-score whose absolute value exceeds a specific threshold is usually regarded as an abnormality. However, in the disconnection detection of this embodiment, the judgment criteria are more precise and specific. Specifically, the corresponding node is regarded as a potential fault node only when the Z-score is negative and its absolute value exceeds the preset threshold. This method not only pays attention to the degree of deviation of the data, but also pays special attention to the downward trend of the signal strength. Through this strict screening mechanism, the accuracy of disconnection fault detection can be significantly improved, and false alarms caused by random fluctuations can be effectively filtered out. This judgment strategy fully takes into account the fluctuation characteristics of RSSI, and can more accurately locate communication nodes that may have abnormalities, providing more reliable technical support for fault diagnosis of photovoltaic systems.

[0075] Figure 5 and Figure 6 The RSSI fluctuation diagrams in this embodiment are shown in the case of no circuit breakage and circuit breakage. Figure 5 It can be seen that without any processing, the RSSI has a large fluctuation range. The unit of the RSSI parameter is decibel meter (dBM), which indicates the strength of the signal; Figure 6 The figure shows the RSSI signal diagram after a line break occurs between slave node 3 and the inverter. When the RSSI between slave node 3 (green line) and the master node is collecting data, the RSSI parameter of slave node 3 fluctuates greatly, and its RSSI parameter is not continuously at the minimum value. At this time, if the commonly used line break detection is used, the line break fault location judgment will fail.

[0076] Further, Figure 7 and Figure 8 The RSSI fluctuation graph after using the weighted sliding window algorithm is shown. It can be seen that after adding the weighted sliding window to count RSSI data, RSSI becomes more stable, and the instability of RSSI can be avoided, which causes the failure of disconnection detection to determine the fault location. After processing the data through the weighted sliding algorithm, each round of RSSI is evaluated through Z-score to determine whether it exceeds the set threshold. Only when it exceeds the threshold can it be determined that there is a disconnection fault at the connection between the two ends of the slave node.

[0077] In one embodiment of the present application, when the communication mode between the master node and each slave node is the relay communication, the following steps are performed: a meter reading operation is performed on each of the slave nodes to obtain multiple link channel data, and the link channel data is the RSSI parameters between the current slave node and other slave nodes: for each slave node, the sum of the RSSI parameters between the current slave node and other slave nodes is calculated to generate a summary parameter of the slave node; the minimum value is extracted from the summary parameters of all slave nodes, and the corresponding slave node is marked as a disconnected slave node of the photovoltaic master station.

[0078] In this embodiment, the communication mode between the master node and each slave node is the relay communication. The reason is that in large-scale photovoltaic power plants, since the power lines can extend to several thousand meters, the traditional direct communication mode faces significant challenges. Therefore, the master node usually establishes a communication link with the remote slave node with the help of a relay station. However, this indirect communication mode makes it extremely difficult to directly obtain the RSSI parameters between the master node and the slave node, which directly affects the accuracy of disconnection detection.

[0079] Through systematic experimental research, it was found that when a line break occurs, the RSSI between the node at the fault location and the surrounding nodes shows a downward trend, but the decline is relatively limited. Based on this key observation, this embodiment introduces a fault identification strategy based on the sum of RSSI between slave nodes. Specifically, in the scenario where the master node identifies the existence of a relay site, by analyzing the comprehensive change characteristics of the RSSI between slave nodes, the potential line break fault location can be effectively evaluated and accurately located. This method not only breaks through the technical limitations of direct communication, but also provides a reliable and flexible technical path for fault diagnosis of complex photovoltaic systems.

[0080] Specifically, the collected RSSI parameters of the master node and each slave node, and the slave node and the remaining summary nodes are shown in Table 3.

[0081] Master Node From Node 1 Slave Node 2 Slave Node 3 Slave Node 4 Master Node 0x33 0x32 0x00 0x00 From Node 1 0x2A 0x54 0x4D 0x1D Slave Node 2 0x31 0x4A 0x4F 0x2D Slave Node 3 0x00 0x4C 0x49 0x22 Slave Node 4 0x00 0x29 0x2B 0x28

[0082] Table 3: RSSI parameters of master and slave nodes under relay communication.

[0083] As shown in Table 3, the RSSI parameters between the master node and the slave node, and between the slave nodes are expressed in hexadecimal. The first row of data shows that the RSSI received by the master node from slave node 1 is 0x33, the RSSI received by slave node 2 is 0x32, and the RSSI of slave nodes 3 and 4 are both 0. At the same time, the signal strength mark between each station and itself is empty, indicating that there is no corresponding signal strength measurement. Slave nodes 3 and 4 communicate with the master node through relay. In this case, due to the particularity of relay transmission, the RSSI of the master node and the two slave nodes are both displayed as 0. If the traditional communication detection method is used, it is likely to mistakenly determine that there is a disconnection fault between slave nodes 3 and 4. However, the actual situation may be completely different. In this case, the actual fault location is the connection line between slave node 4 and the master node.

[0084] In this embodiment, a highly flexible design scheme is provided for relay communication, supporting two communication modes: independent repeaters and slave node relays. At the communication architecture level, dedicated repeaters can be deployed as independent signal forwarding devices to ensure the stability and reliability of the communication link; at the same time, the relay multiplexing mechanism of the slave node is also supported, so that slave nodes with good performance can also serve as relay nodes, expanding the coverage of the communication network without adding additional hardware. Specifically, when the length of the circuit string exceeds the ideal transmission distance of the carrier communication, a site with good communication status can be selected for relaying. These relay nodes, on the premise of completing their own communication with the master node, can also be responsible for forwarding data to sites that cannot communicate directly with the master node. This flexible relay strategy not only improves the communication efficiency of the network, but also provides a more cost-effective networking solution for large-scale distributed.

[0085] In one embodiment of the present application, for each slave node, the process of calculating the sum of RSSI parameters between the current slave node and other slave nodes is shown in Formula 5.

[0086]

[0087] RSSI x (i) represents the signal strength received by slave node x from slave node i, num_secondary_node represents the number of slave nodes, that is, f(x) represents the sum of the signal strengths received by slave node x from the remaining slave nodes. When the function f(x) reaches the minimum value, it is a disconnection fault node.

[0088] Fig. 9 The signal characteristics of the communication path between slave node 3 and the master node in a non-relay communication scenario are demonstrated. When slave node 1 or slave node 2 is introduced as a relay node, the method corresponding to direct communication cannot measure slave node 3. Due to the indirectness of the communication path, the signal strength between the master node and the slave node is difficult to obtain directly. This signal shielding phenomenon causes the conventional disconnection detection algorithm to fail and the fault point cannot be accurately located. However, by accurately collecting and deeply analyzing the RSSI between each node on the relay path, the technical limitations of the traditional method have been broken. This method can accurately identify the communication characteristics in the relay scenario, accurately locate the potential disconnection fault location, and significantly improve the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of complex communication networks.

[0089] In the experiment of this embodiment, by forcing the slave node 3 to adopt the relay communication mode, a complex communication scenario in a large-scale power station is simulated, and a disconnection fault between the slave node 3 and the inverter is artificially created. Fig.10 and Fig.11 The fluctuation characteristics of the sum of RSSI parameters between slave nodes in the two cases of normal communication and disconnection fault are shown respectively. By comparison, it can be found that when a disconnection fault occurs, the sum of the signal strength between slave node 3 and slave nodes 1 and 2 is significantly lower than the sum of the signal strength between other nodes. This key feature enables this method to accurately locate the specific location of the disconnection fault in a relay communication environment, that is, accurately locate it at both ends of slave node 3. This innovative fault diagnosis method not only overcomes the limitations of traditional detection algorithms, but also provides an effective solution for rapid fault location in complex communication networks.

[0090] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" represent examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.

[0091] In the embodiments of the present application, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "plurality" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc or abc, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0092] Fig.12 is a signaling diagram of the photovoltaic line break detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application. Fig.12 As shown, the system includes a photovoltaic master station, a master node and a slave node.

[0093] Photovoltaic master station: used to send disconnection detection instructions to the master node;

[0094] The master node is used to perform an initialization operation in response to a disconnection detection instruction sent by the photovoltaic master station; perform a meter reading operation on each of the slave nodes to obtain link channel data of each slave node; perform a disconnection detection operation based on the link channel data of all slave nodes to obtain and send back the disconnected slave node of the photovoltaic master station;

[0095] Slave node: used to upload the link channel data of the current slave node.

[0096] In one embodiment of the present application, the master station first issues a disconnection detection start command to notify the master node to monitor. Then, the master node starts to collect data from each slave node and evaluates the communication status with these slave nodes. After acquiring the data, the master node will send instructions to the slave node, requesting further confirmation of the link status, and finally report the collected information and fault location information to the master station. Through this series of communication and data feedback, the system can effectively identify and locate disconnection faults in the network.

[0097] Fig.13 The system structure diagram of a direct communication between the master node and the slave node in one embodiment of the present invention is shown. When the master node and the slave node communicate directly, the master node directly collects the RSSI parameters of each slave node and determines the abnormal slave node by the Z-Score threshold. The concentrator collects the current generated by multiple photovoltaic modules or photovoltaic series circuits and transmits it to the inverter.

[0098] Fig.14The system structure diagram of relay communication between the master node and the slave node in one embodiment of the present invention is shown. When the master node communicates with the slave node by relay, the master node collects the sum of the RSSI received by each slave node and the other slave nodes through the relay site, and determines the disconnected node based on the minimum summary parameter.

[0099] It should be understood that the specific process of each module executing the above corresponding steps has been described in detail in the above method embodiment, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0100] It should also be understood that the division of modules in the embodiments of the present application is schematic and is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into a processor, or may exist physically separately, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated modules may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules.

[0101] Fig.15 is a schematic block diagram of a terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.15 As shown, the terminal includes: at least one processor 1501, a memory 1502, at least one network interface 1503 and a user interface 1505. The various components in the device are coupled together through a bus system 1504. It can be understood that the bus system 1504 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. In addition to the data bus, the bus system 1504 also includes a power bus, a control bus and a status signal bus. However, for the sake of clarity, Fig.15 In the specification, various buses are labeled as bus systems.

[0102] The user interface 1505 may include a display, a keyboard, a mouse, a trackball, a click gun, keys, buttons, a touch pad or a touch screen.

[0103] It is understood that the memory 1502 can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, and can also include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), which is used as an external cache. By way of exemplary but not limiting explanation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), synchronous static random access memory (SSRAM). The memory described in the embodiments of the present application is intended to include but is not limited to these and any other suitable categories of memory.

[0104] The memory 1502 in the embodiment of the present application is used to store various categories of data to support the operation of the electronic terminal 1500. Examples of these data include: any executable program for operating on the electronic terminal 1500, such as an operating system 15021 and an application 15022; the operating system 15021 includes various system programs, such as a framework layer, a core library layer, a driver layer, etc., for implementing various basic services and processing hardware-based tasks. The application 15022 may include various applications, such as a media player (Media Player), a browser (Browser), etc., for implementing various application services. The photovoltaic line break detection method provided in the embodiment of the present application may be included in the application 15022.

[0105] The method disclosed in the above embodiment of the present application can be applied to the processor 1501, or implemented by the processor 1501. The processor 1501 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of the hardware in the processor 1501 or an instruction in the form of software. The above processor 1501 may be a general processor, a digital signal processor (DSP, Digital Signal Processor), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The processor 1501 can implement or execute the various methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application. The general processor 1501 may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. In combination with the steps of the accessory optimization method provided in the embodiment of the present application, it can be directly embodied as a hardware decoding processor to execute, or it can be executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module can be located in a storage medium, which is located in a memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.

[0106] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic terminal 1500 may be implemented by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), DSP, programmable logic device (PLD), or complex programmable logic device (CPLD) to execute the aforementioned method.

[0107] According to the method provided in the embodiments of the present application, the present application also provides a computer program product, which includes: computer program code, when the computer program code is run on a computer, the computer executes the photovoltaic line break detection method of any embodiment shown in the above embodiments.

[0108] According to the method provided in the embodiments of the present application, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a program code. When the program code runs on a computer, the computer executes the photovoltaic line break detection method of any embodiment shown in the above embodiments.

[0109] The terms "component", "module", "system", etc. used in this specification are used to represent computer-related entities, hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable file, an execution thread, a program and / or a computer. By way of illustration, both applications running on a computing device and a computing device can be components. One or more components may reside in a process and / or an execution thread, and a component may be located on a computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components may be executed from various computer-readable media having various data structures stored thereon. Components may, for example, communicate through local and / or remote processes according to signals having one or more data packets (e.g., data from two components interacting with another component between a local system, a distributed system and / or a network, such as the Internet interacting with other systems through signals).

[0110] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks and steps described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0111] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0112] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0113] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0114] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0115] In the above embodiments, the functions of each functional unit can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions (programs). When loading and executing computer program instructions (programs) on a computer, the process or function according to the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from a website site, computer, server or data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (Digital Subscriber Line, DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode to another website site, computer, server or data center. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that contains one or more available media integrated. Available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, tapes), optical media (e.g., high-density digital video discs (DVDs), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid state disks (SSDs)).

[0116] If the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, etc., various media that can store program codes.

[0117] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

[0118] In summary, the present application provides a photovoltaic disconnection detection method, system, medium, program product and terminal. The present application provides an efficient photovoltaic disconnection detection method, which performs initialization operations by the master node responding to the photovoltaic master station instruction, obtains link channel data from the slave node meter reading, performs disconnection detection based on the link channel data and returns the disconnected slave node, supports direct communication and relay communication, generates deviation scores or calculates parameter summaries to mark disconnected slave nodes through multiple rounds of meter reading and offset point detection. Improve the power generation efficiency and power output of the photovoltaic system, reduce troubleshooting time and maintenance costs, reduce safety hazards such as poor electrical connection, local overheating, arc and fire, and is suitable for large photovoltaic power stations and complex photovoltaic system networks, with broad application prospects and market potential. At the same time, it can also improve the automation and intelligence level of the photovoltaic system, reduce the necessity of manual intervention, and improve the overall operation and maintenance efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the present application effectively overcomes the various shortcomings in the prior art and has a high industrial utilization value.

[0119] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Anyone familiar with the technology may modify or change the above embodiments without violating the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present application shall still be covered by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic line break detection method, characterized in that: The method is applied to a master node, the master node is communicatively connected to a photovoltaic master station, and is communicatively connected to one or more slave nodes; the method comprises: In response to the disconnection detection instruction sent by the photovoltaic master station, perform an initialization operation; Performing a meter reading operation on each of the slave nodes to obtain link channel data of each slave node; Based on the link channel data of all slave nodes, a disconnection detection operation is performed to obtain and send back the disconnected slave node of the photovoltaic master station.

2. The photovoltaic line break detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication mode between the master node and each slave node includes one or more of the following communication modes: Direct communication, the master node directly establishes a communication connection with each slave node; Relay communication: a communication connection is established between the master node and one or more slave nodes through a repeater.

3. The photovoltaic line break detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the communication mode between the master node and each slave node is the direct communication, the process of performing a meter reading operation on each slave node to obtain link channel data of each slave node includes: Perform multiple rounds of meter reading operations on each of the slave nodes to obtain multiple link channel data, where the link channel data is the RSSI parameter between the master node and the current slave node; An offset point detection operation is performed on a plurality of link channel data to generate a deviation score for each slave node, and a corresponding disconnected slave node is acquired based on the deviation score.

4. The photovoltaic line break detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The process of performing a disconnection detection operation based on the link channel data of all slave nodes to obtain and send back the disconnected slave nodes of the photovoltaic master station includes: A Z-Score operation is performed on multiple link channel data to generate a deviation of each slave node; if the absolute value of the deviation of the current slave node is greater than a preset threshold and the deviation of the current slave node is negative, the current node is marked as a disconnected slave node of the photovoltaic master station.

5. The photovoltaic line break detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the communication mode between the master node and each slave node is the relay communication, the following steps are performed: A meter reading operation is performed on each of the slave nodes to obtain a plurality of link channel data, where the link channel data is the RSSI parameter between the current slave node and other slave nodes: For each slave node, the sum of the RSSI parameters between the current slave node and other slave nodes is calculated to generate a summary parameter of the slave node; the minimum value is extracted from the summary parameters of all slave nodes, and the corresponding slave node is marked as a disconnected slave node of the photovoltaic master station.

6. The photovoltaic line break detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of performing a meter reading operation on each slave node to obtain link channel data of each slave node includes: Performing multiple rounds of meter reading operations on each slave node at a preset period to obtain multiple rounds of link channel data of each slave node; The multi-round link channel data of each slave node is stored in a corresponding sliding window of a preset size, and a weighted calculation is performed on the real-time link channel data in the sliding window to generate the smoothed link channel data of the current slave node.

7. A photovoltaic line break detection system, characterized in that: include: Photovoltaic master station: used to send disconnection detection instructions to the master node; Master node: used to execute initialization operation in response to the disconnection detection instruction sent by the photovoltaic master station; Performing a meter reading operation on each of the slave nodes to obtain link channel data of each slave node; performing a disconnection detection operation based on the link channel data of all slave nodes to obtain and send back the disconnected slave node of the photovoltaic master station; Slave node: used to upload the link channel data of the current slave node.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the photovoltaic line break detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

9. A computer program product, characterized in that The computer program product includes computer program codes, and when the computer program codes are executed on a computer, the computer is enabled to implement the photovoltaic line break detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. An electronic terminal comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that: The processor executes the computer program to implement the photovoltaic line break detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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