Airflow-assisted wheat seed feeding device and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a wheat airflow-assisted seed throwing device and a working method thereof. The seed charging device comprises a furrow opener, a seed metering device, a seed charging device and a seed pressing device; the working method comprises the following steps: the front blade of the furrow opener cuts a soil layer to form a seed furrow, and the lengthened soil baffle prevents the soil from falling back to the seed furrow; the seed-metering wheel rotates to separate single wheat seeds from the seed cup, and the seed-metering device discharges uniform seed flow; the seed-metering device is an air suction type or mechanical precise seed-metering device; after entering the seed throwing device, seeds move along the seed throwing pipe in an accelerated manner under the acceleration action of air flow; the seeds leave the seed feeding device at a preset seed feeding speed, and the seed pressing wheel rolls the seeds to fix the seeds on the seedbed at the moment that the seeds are in contact with the seed furrows. The mechanical collision between the seeds and the seed throwing device is reduced, the problem of seed backflow is avoided, the condition that the seed distance stability is reduced due to soil clogging of the seed pressing wheel is avoided, and self-adaptive adjustment of the seed throwing speed and zero-speed seed throwing are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a wheat airflow-assisted seeding device and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Precision uniform sowing of wheat is an efficient planting technology with the characteristics of saving seeds, saving water, and increasing yield. It improves the ventilation and light transmission of wheat groups by optimizing the spatial layout of crops, thereby improving the canopy structure, increasing effective tillering, and increasing the accumulation of dry matter after flowering, and finally achieving the goal of saving costs and high yield. Relevant patent documents disclose a variety of precision wheat seeding devices. For example, the Chinese patent document with application publication number CN202310633247.6 discloses an air-suction wheat seeding device, which provides a reference scheme for realizing the mechanized operation of precision uniform sowing of wheat. The precision wheat seeding device improves the sowing accuracy in the seeding link, but the conventional gravity seeding cannot effectively maintain the uniformity of the seed flow. In the seeding link, wheat seeds are prone to collide with the wall of the seeding tube, thereby changing the movement state of the seeds, and ultimately resulting in a significant reduction in the stability of the grain spacing. Compared with conventional gravity seeding, airflow-assisted seeding accelerates the movement of seeds by introducing airflow in the seed guide tube, reducing the probability of collision between seeds and the tube wall during seeding, so as to ensure a higher stability of grain spacing, and has significant advantages under high-speed operation conditions. The Chinese patent documents with application publication numbers CN201880072964.3 and CN201780025121.3 disclose a sowing part for a precision pneumatic seeder and its adjustment method, which realizes seed acceleration by applying positive pressure airflow to the seeding tube, and changes the air pressure according to the seed type, and finally realizes uniform and orderly seeding. Similarly, the Chinese patent document with application publication number CN202310212724.1 discloses a ring gap-injected seed airflow guiding device and method for high-speed precision sowing operation; the Chinese patent document with application publication number CN202310500795.1 discloses a high-speed seeder and its energy dissipation and airflow-assisted seed guiding device and method; the Chinese patent document with application publication number CN202323599578.7 discloses a seeder air-blowing seeding device; the Chinese patent document with application publication number CN201811471157.7 discloses a wheat pneumatic accelerated sowing device.

[0003] The above patents disclose airflow-assisted seeding devices of different structural types, but there are the following problems:

[0004] 1. The inconsistency between the airflow and the seed movement direction can easily lead to seed backflow;

[0005] 2. The seeding speed cannot be automatically adjusted when the seeds are out of the seeding device;

[0006] 3. The seed pressing wheel slips and the soil is covered too early, causing the soil to accumulate on the seed pressing wheel.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a wheat airflow-assisted seeding device and a working method thereof to overcome the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a wheat airflow-assisted seeding device, which is characterized by comprising:

[0009] A furrow opener, a seeding device, a seeding device and a seeding pressing device; the furrow opener includes: a furrow opener fixing seat, a furrow opener shovel handle and a furrow opener front blade; the seeding device includes: a seeding device fixing seat, a fastening bolt, a seed cup, a seeding wheel, a bearing seat and a seeding shaft; the seeding pressing device includes: a seeding wheel and an extended soil retaining plate;

[0010] A through hole is provided on the furrow opener fixing seat, which is bolted to the installation hole of the wheat airflow auxiliary seeding device of the seeder frame; the furrow opener shovel handle cooperates with the furrow opener fixing seat and is fixedly connected by bolts; the furrow opener front edge is fixedly connected to the furrow opener shovel handle;

[0011] A threaded through hole is arranged on the seeding device fixing seat, which is fixedly connected with the furrow opener shovel handle by fastening bolts; the inner concave outer edge of the seed cup cooperates with the outer edge of the seeding wheel to form a seeding unit; the bearing seat is fixedly connected with the seeding device fixing seat by bolts, and a set of bearing seats is installed on each side of the left and right sides of the seeding device fixing seat; the seeding shaft cooperates coaxially with the inner ring of the bearing seat and is fixed by a set screw; the seeding shaft cooperates coaxially with the seeding wheel and drives the seeding wheel to rotate;

[0012] The seeding device is fixed to the furrow opener shovel handle and fits tightly with the outer edge of the seeding wheel;

[0013] The seed pressing wheel has a hub motor inside, and both ends of the motor shaft are provided with threads; the extended retaining plate is fixedly connected to the furrow opener shovel handle; the motor shaft of the seed pressing wheel passes through the through hole at the tail of the extended retaining plate and is fixedly connected to the extended retaining plate through a nut.

[0014] The seeding device comprises: a seed unloading device, an air pipe joint, an ejector, a seeding pipe joint, a seeding pipe, a speed sensor, and a seeding pipe clamp;

[0015] The top of the seed unloading device has an inner concave outer edge, which fits with the outer edge of the seed wheel;

[0016] The air pipe joint has threads and is fixedly connected to the ejector through the threads;

[0017] The seeding pipe joint connects the ejector and the seeding pipe;

[0018] The seeding tube is a slender hard pipe, the inner diameter of which is larger than the length of the wheat seeds. The seeding tube includes: a vertical section, a curved section and a horizontal section; a speed sensor is installed in the horizontal section;

[0019] The seeding tube clamp is coaxially matched with the seeding tube to fix the seeding tube and the furrow opener shovel handle.

[0020] The inner concave outer edge of the seed unloading device has the same radius R as the seeding wheel; the upper part of the seed unloading device is provided with a seed unloading cone hole with a cone angle of α, and the seed unloading cone hole is close to the seed unloading area of ​​the seeding wheel.

[0021] The ejector comprises: an upper shell, a sealing ring, a rectifier, and a lower shell; the upper shell, the rectifier and the lower shell have through holes of equal diameter, and the three are coaxially installed; the lower end of the upper shell has an internal thread, and the upper end of the lower shell has an external thread, the upper shell and the lower shell are connected and fastened to the rectifier through threads, and a closed air cavity is formed at the same time; the upper and lower ends of the rectifier are provided with sealing grooves, and the sealing ring is installed in the sealing groove; the lower end of the rectifier has evenly distributed air holes, and the air cavity is connected to the tapered hole at the upper end of the lower shell through the air holes; the tapered angle of the tapered hole on the lower shell is β, and the angle between the axis of the air hole and the vertical direction is β.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the wheat airflow-assisted seeding device also includes a seeding speed monitoring system: the seeding speed monitoring system includes: an operating speed detection device, a control unit, an electric proportional valve opening control device, an air pressure sensor and a speed sensor; the operating speed detection device is used to obtain the operating speed of the seeder; the control unit is used to perform the seeding speed monitoring task; the electric proportional valve opening control device is used to control the electric proportional valve opening; the air pressure sensor is used to monitor the seeding air pressure in real time; the speed sensor is used to monitor the seeding speed in real time.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the wheat airflow-assisted seeding device also includes a seed pressing wheel speed monitoring system: the seed pressing wheel speed monitoring system includes: a control unit, an operating speed detection device, and an encoder; the control unit is used to perform the seed pressing wheel speed monitoring task; the operating speed detection device is used to obtain the operating speed of the seeder; the encoder is used to monitor the actual rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel in real time.

[0024] Another object of the present invention is to provide a working method of the wheat airflow-assisted seeding device according to the present invention, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0025] The front blade of the furrow opener cuts through the soil layer to open a seed furrow, and the extended soil retaining plate prevents the soil from falling back into the seed furrow; the seeding wheel rotates to separate single wheat seeds from the seed cup, and the seeding device discharges a uniform seed flow; the seeding device is an air suction or mechanical precision seeding device; after the seeds enter the seeding device, they accelerate along the seeding tube under the acceleration of the airflow; the seeds leave the seeding device at a preset seeding speed, and the moment the seeds come into contact with the seed furrow, the seed pressing wheel crushes the seeds to fix them on the seed bed.

[0026] The wheat airflow-assisted seeding device comprises a seeding speed monitoring system; the control unit of the seeding speed monitoring system performs the seeding speed monitoring task; the operation speed detection device is a Doppler radar; the control unit is a single-chip microcomputer;

[0027] The steps of the seeding speed monitoring task include:

[0028] Step S101: measuring the sowing speed of wheat seeds when they leave the sowing tube under different sowing air pressure conditions through bench tests, and establishing a mathematical model between air pressure and sowing speed;

[0029] Step S102: programming the air pressure-seeding speed mathematical model and burning the program into the single chip microcomputer;

[0030] Step S103: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the seeding speed monitoring task;

[0031] Step S104: Doppler radar monitors the machine tool operating speed and sends a machine tool operating speed signal to the single chip microcomputer;

[0032] Step S105: using the machine tool operating speed in step S104 as the target value of the sowing speed, the single chip microcomputer obtains a matching theoretical sowing air pressure value according to the air pressure-sowing speed mathematical model, and calculates the corresponding electric proportional valve opening;

[0033] Step S106: the single chip microcomputer outputs a signal to control the opening of the electric proportional valve to achieve seeding air pressure control;

[0034] Step S107: The air pressure sensor monitors the air pressure for seeding in real time and sends the air pressure for seeding as a feedback signal to the single chip microcomputer;

[0035] Step S108: The single chip microcomputer calculates the relative error between the actual value and the theoretical value of the seeding air pressure, and adjusts the opening of the electric proportional valve through a closed-loop control algorithm;

[0036] Step S109: The speed sensor monitors the sowing speed in real time and sends the sowing speed as a feedback signal to the single chip microcomputer;

[0037] Step S110: the single chip microcomputer calculates the relative error between the actual value and the target value of the sowing speed, and adjusts the opening of the electric proportional valve again through a closed-loop control algorithm;

[0038] Step S111: The single chip microcomputer receives the feedback signals of the sowing air pressure and the sowing speed, and outputs the signals in real time to control the opening of the electric proportional valve, so as to realize the real-time monitoring of the sowing speed.

[0039] The wheat airflow-assisted seeding device comprises a seed pressing wheel speed monitoring system; the control unit of the seed pressing wheel speed monitoring system performs the seed pressing wheel speed monitoring task; the operation speed detection device is a Doppler radar; the control unit is a single-chip microcomputer;

[0040] The steps of the seed pressing wheel speed change monitoring task include:

[0041] Step S201: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the seed pressing wheel speed change monitoring task;

[0042] Step S202: Doppler radar monitors the machine tool operating speed and sends a machine tool operating speed signal to the single chip microcomputer;

[0043] Step S203: taking the machine tool operating speed in step S202 as the target value, calculating the corresponding rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel under the pure rolling condition;

[0044] ω=V / r

[0045] In the formula, ω is the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel, V is the machine operating speed, and r is the radius of the seed pressing wheel;

[0046] Step S204: taking the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel in step S203 as the target value, calculating the corresponding PWM wave under the rotation speed condition, the single chip microcomputer outputs a PWM wave with a specific duty cycle to the driver, and the rotation of the wheel hub motor drives the seed pressing wheel to rotate;

[0047] Step S205: the encoder monitors the actual rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel in real time, and the single chip microcomputer receives the rotation speed signal of the seed pressing wheel;

[0048] Step S206: After receiving the information of the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel, the single chip microcomputer determines whether the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel is zero. If so, an alarm signal of the seed pressing wheel being locked in the soil is issued; if not, the process proceeds to step S207;

[0049] Step S207: determine whether the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel is equal to the target rotation speed, if so, go to step S202; if not, go to step S208;

[0050] Step S208: The single chip microcomputer calculates the relative error between the actual rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel and the target rotation speed, and changes the PWM wave signal according to the closed-loop control algorithm until the target rotation speed is reached, thereby realizing the speed change monitoring of the seed pressing wheel.

[0051] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0052] In view of the defects of the prior art described in the background technology, the present invention discloses a wheat airflow-assisted seeding device and its working method. In view of the problem of seed backflow caused by the inconsistency between the airflow and the seed movement direction, a wheat airflow-assisted seeding device is provided based on the airflow wall effect; in view of the problem that the seeding speed cannot be automatically adjusted, a seeding speed monitoring system is provided to realize the adaptive adjustment function of the seeding speed; in view of the problem of soil accumulation in the seed pressing wheel, a seed pressing wheel speed change monitoring system is provided to realize the active speed change function of the seed pressing wheel, and an extended soil retaining plate is provided to prevent the seeds from being covered by the falling soil too early after falling into the seed bed, resulting in soil accumulation in the seed pressing wheel. Specific beneficial effects include:

[0053] 1. Through the cooperation between the seed unloading device and the seeding wheel, the seeding device can stably receive the uniform seed flow discharged by the precision seeding device, reducing the mechanical collision between the seeds and the seeding device;

[0054] 2. Based on the airflow wall effect, an ejector is provided to ensure that the airflow and seed movement direction are consistent, thus avoiding the problem of seed backflow;

[0055] 3. Provide a sowing speed monitoring system, which changes the sowing air pressure in real time according to the machine operation speed, changes the sowing speed of wheat seeds, and realizes adaptive sowing speed adjustment and zero-speed sowing;

[0056] 4. Premature soil covering can be avoided by using extended soil retaining plates, and a seed pressing wheel speed monitoring system is provided to realize active speed change of the seed pressing wheel, thus preventing the seed pressing wheel from causing soil congestion and reducing the stability of the seed spacing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a wheat airflow-assisted seeding device of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a seeding device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the seed unloading device and the seeding wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a seed unloading device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of an ejector according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 6 It is a schematic isometric diagram of a rectifier according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the working principle of the seeding speed monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the working principle of the seed pressing wheel speed change monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Among them, 1: furrow opener fixing seat, 2: seeding device fixing seat, 3: fastening bolt, 4: furrow opener shovel handle, 5: furrow opener front blade, 6: seed cup, 7: seeding wheel, 8: bearing seat, 9: seeding shaft, 10: seeding device, 11: seed pressing wheel, 12: extended soil retaining plate; 10-1: seed unloading device, 10-2: air pipe joint, 10-3: ejector, 10-4: seeding pipe joint, 10-5: seeding pipe, 10-6: speed sensor, 10-7: seeding pipe clamp, 10-3-1: upper shell, 10-3-2: lower shell, 10-3-3: air hole, 10-3-4: air cavity, 10-3-5: sealing ring, 10-3-6: rectifier, 10-3-7: sealing groove, 7-1: mold hole, 10-1-1: unloading cone hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The present invention provides a wheat airflow-assisted seeding device and a working method thereof, which will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0067] like Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention shown in the figure discloses a wheat airflow-assisted seeding device, comprising: a furrow opener, a seeding device, a seeding device 10 and a seed pressing device; the furrow opener comprises: a furrow opener fixing seat 1, a furrow opener shovel handle 4 and a furrow opener front blade 5; the seeding device comprises: a seeding device fixing seat 2, a fastening bolt 3, a seed cup 6, a seeding wheel 7, a bearing seat 8 and a seeding shaft 9; the seed pressing device comprises: a seed pressing wheel 11 and an extended soil retaining plate 12;

[0068] A through hole is provided on the furrow opener fixing seat 1, which is bolted to the installation hole of the wheat airflow auxiliary seeding device of the seeder frame; the furrow opener shovel handle 4 cooperates with the furrow opener fixing seat 1 and is fixedly connected by bolts; the furrow opener front blade 5 is fixedly connected to the furrow opener shovel handle 4;

[0069] A threaded through hole is provided on the seeding device fixing seat 5, which is fixedly connected to the furrow opener shovel handle 4 by fastening bolts 3; the inner concave outer edge of the seed cup 6 cooperates with the outer edge of the seeding wheel 7 to form a seeding unit; the bearing seat 8 is fixedly connected to the seeding device fixing seat 2 by bolts, and a set of bearing seats is installed on each side of the left and right sides of the seeding device fixing seat 2; the seeding shaft 9 is coaxially matched with the inner ring of the bearing seat 8 and fixed by a set screw; the seeding shaft 9 is coaxially matched with the seeding wheel and drives the seeding wheel 7 to rotate;

[0070] The seeding device 10 is fixed to the furrow opener shovel handle 4 and fits closely with the outer edge of the seeding wheel 7;

[0071] The seed pressing wheel 11 has a hub motor inside, and both ends of the motor shaft have threads; the extended earth retaining plate 12 is fixedly connected to the furrow opener shovel handle 4; the motor shaft of the seed pressing wheel 11 passes through the through hole at the tail of the extended earth retaining plate 12 and is fixedly connected to the extended earth retaining plate 12 through a nut.

[0072] The wheat airflow-assisted seeding device in this embodiment constitutes a wheat precision seeding unit. The wheat precision seeding unit includes: a furrow opener fixing seat 1, a seeding device fixing seat 2, a fastening bolt 3, a furrow opener shovel handle 4, a furrow opener front blade 5, a seed cup 6, a seeding wheel 7, a bearing seat 8, a seeding shaft 9, a seeding device 10, a seeding wheel 11, and an extended soil retaining plate 12;

[0073] The furrow opener fixing seat 1 is provided with a through hole and is fixed to the seeder frame by U-shaped bolts;

[0074] The furrow opener shovel handle 4 cooperates with the furrow opener fixing seat 1 and is fastened by bolts;

[0075] The front edge 5 of the furrow opener is fixed to the shovel handle 4 of the furrow opener by welding;

[0076] The seeding device fixing seat 2 is provided with a threaded through hole, and is fixed to the furrow opener shovel handle 4 by a fastening bolt 3;

[0077] The concave outer edge of the seed cup 6 cooperates with the outer edge of the seed wheel 7 to form a precision seed meter;

[0078] The bearing seat 8 is fixed to the seeding device fixing seat 2 by bolts, and a set of bearing seats is installed on the left and right sides of the seeding device fixing seat 2;

[0079] The seeding shaft 9 is coaxially matched with the inner ring of the bearing seat 8 and is fixed by a set screw;

[0080] The seeding shaft 9 is coaxial with the seeding wheel and drives the seeding wheel 7 to rotate;

[0081] The seeding device 10 is fixed to the furrow opener shovel handle 4 and fits closely with the outer edge of the seeding wheel 7;

[0082] The seed pressing wheel 11 has a hub motor inside, and both ends of the motor shaft are threaded; the extended retaining plate 12 is fixed to the furrow opener shovel handle 4 by welding, and its tail has a through hole; the motor shaft of the seed pressing wheel 11 passes through the through hole and is fastened by a nut.

[0083] During operation, the front blade 5 of the furrow opener cuts the soil layer to open the seed furrow, and the extended soil retaining plate 12 prevents the soil from falling back into the seed furrow, avoiding premature soil covering and causing soil congestion in the seed wheel 11. The seeding wheel 7 rotates to separate single wheat seeds from the seed cup 6, and the seeding device discharges a uniform seed flow.

[0084] In an optional embodiment, the seed metering device is an air suction type or mechanical precision seed metering device. After the seeds enter the seeding device 10, they accelerate along the seeding tube under the acceleration of the airflow. The seeds leave the seeding device at a preset seeding speed. At the moment when the seeds contact the seed groove, the seed pressing wheel rolls the seeds to fix them to the seed bed to prevent the seeds from bouncing and reducing the stability of the seed spacing. Those skilled in the art should know that the corresponding seeding speed is set according to the specific implementation environment, and it is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0085] The seeding device 10 comprises: a seed unloading device 10-1, an air pipe joint 10-2, an ejector 10-3, a seeding pipe joint 10-4, a seeding pipe 10-5, a speed sensor 10-6, and a seeding pipe clamp 10-7;

[0086] The top of the seed unloading device 10-1 has a concave outer edge, which fits with the outer edge of the seed wheel 7;

[0087] The air pipe joint 10-2 has threads and is fixedly connected to the ejector 10-3 via the threads;

[0088] The seeding pipe joint 10-4 connects the ejector 10-3 and the seeding pipe 1-5;

[0089] The seeding pipe 1-5 is a thin and long hard pipe, the inner diameter of which is larger than the length of the wheat seeds, and the seeding pipe 1-5 comprises: a vertical section, a curved section and a horizontal section; a speed sensor 10-6 is installed in the horizontal section;

[0090] The seeding tube clamp 10-7 is coaxially matched with the seeding tube 10-5 to fix the seeding tube 10-5 to the furrow opener shovel handle 4.

[0091] In a specific embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the seeding device 10 includes: a seed unloading device 10-1, an air pipe joint 10-2, an ejector 10-3, a seeding pipe joint 10-4, a seeding pipe 10-5, a speed sensor 10-6, and a seeding pipe clamp 10-7; the air pipe joint 10-2 has threads and is fixed to the ejector 10-3 by threads; the seeding pipe joint 10-4 connects the ejector 10-3 and the seeding pipe 1-5; the seeding pipe 10-5 is a slender hard pipe, whose inner diameter is greater than the length of wheat seeds, and is composed of a vertical section, a curved section and a horizontal section, and the speed sensor 10-6 is installed on the horizontal section; the seeding pipe clamp 10-7 is coaxially matched with the seeding pipe 10-5, and fixes the seeding pipe to the furrow opener shovel handle 4.

[0092] The inner concave outer edge of the seed unloading device 10 - 1 has the same radius R as the seed wheel 11 ; the upper part of the seed unloading device 10 - 1 has a seed unloading cone hole 10 - 1 - 1 with a cone angle of α, and the cone hole is close to the seed unloading area of ​​the seed wheel 7 .

[0093] In a specific embodiment, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the upper part of the seed unloading device 10-1 has a concave outer edge, which is in contact with the outer edge of the seeding wheel 7. A shaped hole 7-1 is arranged on the seeding device, and seeds are adsorbed on the shaped hole 7-1 to realize seeding. The concave outer edge and the seeding wheel 11 have the same radius R; the upper part of the concave outer edge has a seed unloading cone hole 10-1-1 with a cone angle of α, and the seed unloading cone hole 10-1-1 is close to the seed unloading area of ​​the seeding wheel. Those skilled in the art should know the specific value of the cone angle α according to the specific application scenario, and no specific limitation is made in this embodiment.

[0094] During operation, wheat seeds are unloaded in the unloading area, and the initial velocity direction of the seeds unloading coincides with the axis of the unloading device 10-1. In the process of the seeds entering the seeding device 10, the mechanical collision between the seeds and the wall surface is effectively avoided, thereby stabilizing the uniformity of the seed flow.

[0095] The ejector 10-3 comprises: an upper shell 10-3-1, a sealing ring 10-3-5, a rectifier 10-3-6, and a lower shell 10-3-2; the upper shell 10-3-1, the rectifier 10-3-6 and the lower shell 10-3-2 have equal-diameter through holes, and the three are coaxially installed; the lower end of the upper shell 10-3-1 has an internal thread, and the upper end of the lower shell 10-3-2 has an external thread, and the upper shell 10-3-1 and the lower shell 10-3-2 are connected and fastened to the rectifier 10-3-6 by threads. , and at the same time, a closed air cavity 10-3-4 is formed; the upper and lower ends of the rectifier 10-3-6 have sealing grooves 10-3-7, and the sealing ring 10-3-5 is installed in the sealing groove 10-3-7; the lower end of the rectifier 10-3-6 has evenly distributed air holes 10-3-3, and the air cavity 10-3-4 is connected to the conical hole at the upper end of the lower shell 10-3-2 through the air hole 10-3-3; the cone angle of the conical hole on the lower shell 10-3-2 is β, and the angle between the axis of the air hole 10-3-3 and the vertical direction is β.

[0096] In a specific embodiment, Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the ejector 10-3 is composed of an upper shell 10-3-1, a sealing ring 10-3-5, a rectifier 10-3-6, and a lower shell 10-3-2; the upper shell 10-3-1, the rectifier 10-3-6 and the lower shell 10-3-2 have equal-diameter through holes, and the three are coaxially installed; the lower end of the upper shell 10-3-1 has an internal thread, and the upper end of the lower shell 10-3-2 has an external thread. The upper shell 10-3-1 and the lower shell 10-3-2 are connected by threads and fastened to the rectifier 10-3-6 , and at the same time, a closed air cavity 10-3-4 is formed; the upper and lower ends of the rectifier 10-3-6 have sealing grooves 10-3-7, and the sealing ring 10-3-5 is installed in the sealing groove 10-3-7; the lower end of the rectifier 10-3-6 is evenly distributed with air holes 10-3-3, and the air cavity 10-3-4 is connected to the conical hole at the upper end of the lower shell 10-3-2 through the air hole 10-3-3; the cone angle of the conical hole on the lower shell 10-3-2 is β, and the angle between the axis of the air hole 10-3-3 and the vertical direction is β;

[0097] In this embodiment, the value range of the cone angle β is between 0 and 90 degrees.

[0098] During operation, the air compressor provides a stable positive pressure airflow for the seeding device, and the positive pressure airflow enters the air cavity 10-3-4 of the ejector 10-3 through the air pipe joint 10-2, and the positive pressure airflow is ejected from the air hole to the inside of the lower shell 10-3-2. Due to the ejection effect of the airflow, a negative pressure airflow is generated inside the upper shell 10-3-1, which has an adsorption effect on the wheat seeds. The air hole is close to the wall of the tapered hole of the lower shell 10-3-2. Due to the wall attachment effect of the airflow, the positive pressure airflow flows along the wall of the tapered hole, and the airflow is consistent with the movement direction of the seeds, avoiding the phenomenon of seed backflow.

[0099] Another embodiment of the present invention further discloses a working method of the wheat airflow-assisted seeding device according to the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0100] The front blade 5 of the furrow opener cuts through the soil layer to open a seed furrow, and the extended soil retaining plate 12 prevents the soil from falling back into the seed furrow, avoiding premature covering with soil and causing the seed pressing wheel 11 to be blocked by soil; the seeding wheel 7 rotates to separate single wheat seeds from the seed cup 6, and the seeding device discharges a uniform seed flow; the seeding device is an air suction or mechanical precision seeding device; after the seeds enter the seeding device 10, they accelerate along the seeding tube under the acceleration of the airflow; the seeds leave the seeding device 10 at a preset seeding speed, and the moment the seeds come into contact with the seed furrow, the seed pressing wheel 11 crushes the seeds to fix them on the seed bed, avoiding seed bouncing and reducing the stability of the grain spacing.

[0101] In a preferred embodiment, the wheat airflow-assisted seeding device disclosed in the present invention further comprises a wheat airflow-assisted seeding monitoring system, wherein the monitoring system comprises: a seeding speed monitoring system and a seed pressing wheel speed change monitoring system;

[0102] like Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the specific working process of the seeding speed monitoring system is as follows:

[0103] The wheat airflow-assisted seeding device used in the working method of the wheat airflow-assisted seeding device includes a seeding speed monitoring system; the control unit of the seeding speed monitoring system performs the seeding speed monitoring task; the operation speed detection device is a Doppler radar; the control unit is a single-chip microcomputer;

[0104] The steps of the seeding speed monitoring task include:

[0105] Step S101: measuring the sowing speed of wheat seeds when they leave the sowing tube under different sowing air pressure conditions through bench tests, and establishing a mathematical model between air pressure and sowing speed;

[0106] Step S102: programming the air pressure-seeding speed mathematical model and burning the program into the single chip microcomputer;

[0107] Step S103: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the seeding speed monitoring task;

[0108] Step S104: Doppler radar monitors the machine tool operating speed and sends a machine tool operating speed signal to the single chip microcomputer;

[0109] Step S105: using the machine tool operating speed in step S104 as the target value of the sowing speed, the single chip microcomputer obtains a matching theoretical sowing air pressure value according to the air pressure-sowing speed mathematical model, and calculates the corresponding electric proportional valve opening;

[0110] Step S106: the single chip microcomputer outputs a signal to control the opening of the electric proportional valve to achieve seeding air pressure control;

[0111] Step S107: The air pressure sensor monitors the air pressure for seeding in real time and sends the air pressure for seeding as a feedback signal to the single chip microcomputer;

[0112] Step S108: The single chip microcomputer calculates the relative error between the actual value and the theoretical value of the seeding air pressure, and adjusts the opening of the electric proportional valve through a closed-loop control algorithm;

[0113] Step S109: The speed sensor monitors the sowing speed in real time and sends the sowing speed as a feedback signal to the single chip microcomputer;

[0114] Step S110: the single chip microcomputer calculates the relative error between the actual value and the target value of the sowing speed, and adjusts the opening of the electric proportional valve again through a closed-loop control algorithm;

[0115] Step S111: The single chip microcomputer receives the feedback signals of the sowing air pressure and the sowing speed, and outputs the signals in real time to control the opening of the electric proportional valve, so as to realize the real-time monitoring of the sowing speed.

[0116] In this embodiment, the speed sensor in step S109 monitors the seeding speed in real time, that is, measures the movement speed of the wheat seeds.

[0117] In a preferred embodiment, the seeding speed monitoring task also includes:

[0118] Step S112: Both the air pressure sensor and the speed sensor are RS-485 type sensors with dedicated IP addresses. The sensors are connected to the DTU module via the RS-485 interface, and the seeding air pressure and seeding speed are uploaded to the Internet of Things platform;

[0119] Step S113: The agricultural machinery operator checks the planting operation parameters through the Web terminal.

[0120] like Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the specific working process of the seed press wheel speed change monitoring system is as follows:

[0121] According to the working method of the wheat airflow-assisted seeding device of the present invention, the wheat airflow-assisted seeding device comprises a seed pressing wheel speed monitoring system; the control unit of the seed pressing wheel speed monitoring system performs the seed pressing wheel speed monitoring task; the operating speed detection device is a Doppler radar; the control unit is a single-chip microcomputer;

[0122] The steps of the seed pressing wheel speed change monitoring task include:

[0123] Step S201: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the seed pressing wheel speed change monitoring task;

[0124] Step S202: Doppler radar monitors the machine tool operating speed and sends a machine tool operating speed signal to the single chip microcomputer;

[0125] Step S203: taking the machine tool operating speed in step S202 as the target value, calculating the corresponding rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel under the pure rolling condition;

[0126] ω=V / r

[0127] In the formula, ω is the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel, V is the machine operating speed, and r is the radius of the seed pressing wheel;

[0128] Step S204: taking the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel in step S203 as the target value, calculating the corresponding PWM wave under the rotation speed condition, the single chip microcomputer outputs a PWM wave with a specific duty cycle to the driver, and the rotation of the wheel hub motor drives the seed pressing wheel to rotate;

[0129] Step S205: the encoder monitors the actual rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel in real time, and the single chip microcomputer receives the rotation speed signal of the seed pressing wheel;

[0130] Step S206: After receiving the information of the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel, the single chip microcomputer determines whether the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel is zero. If so, an alarm signal of the seed pressing wheel being locked in the soil is issued; if not, the process proceeds to step S207;

[0131] Step S207: determine whether the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel is equal to the target rotation speed, if so, go to step S202; if not, go to step S208;

[0132] Step S208: The single chip microcomputer calculates the relative error between the actual rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel and the target rotation speed, and changes the PWM wave signal according to the closed-loop control algorithm until the target rotation speed is reached, thereby realizing the speed change monitoring of the seed pressing wheel.

[0133] In a preferred embodiment, the step of monitoring the speed change of the seed pressing wheel further includes:

[0134] Step S209: the single chip microcomputer is connected to the DTU module, and the machine tool operating speed, the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel and the soil locking alarm message of the seed pressing wheel are uploaded to the Internet of Things platform;

[0135] Step S210: The agricultural machinery operator checks the seed pressing operation parameters through the Web terminal.

Claims

1. A wheat airflow-assisted seeding device, characterized in that: include: A furrow opener, a seed meter, a seed dropping device (10) and a seed pressing device; The furrow opener comprises: a furrow opener fixing seat (1), a furrow opener shovel handle (4) and a furrow opener front blade (5); the seeding device comprises: a seeding device fixing seat (2), a fastening bolt (3), a seed cup (6), a seeding wheel (7), a bearing seat (8) and a seeding shaft (9); the seed pressing device comprises: a seed pressing wheel (11) and an extended soil retaining plate (12); A through hole is provided on the furrow opener fixing seat (1) and is bolted to the installation hole of the wheat airflow auxiliary seeding device of the seed drill frame; the furrow opener shovel handle (4) cooperates with the furrow opener fixing seat (1) and is fixedly connected by bolts; the furrow opener front blade (5) is fixedly connected to the furrow opener shovel handle (4); A threaded through hole is provided on the seeding device fixing seat (5), which is fixedly connected to the furrow opener shovel handle (4) by means of a fastening bolt (3); the inner concave outer edge of the seed cup (6) cooperates with the outer edge of the seeding wheel (7) to form a seeding unit; the bearing seat (8) is fixedly connected to the seeding device fixing seat (2) by means of bolts, and a set of bearing seats is respectively installed on the left and right sides of the seeding device fixing seat (2); the seeding shaft (9) is coaxially matched with the inner ring of the bearing seat (8) and is fixed by means of a tightening screw; the seeding shaft (9) is coaxially matched with the seeding wheel and drives the seeding wheel (7) to rotate; The seeding device (10) is fixed to the furrow opener shovel handle (4) and is closely fitted to the outer edge of the seeding wheel (7); The seed pressing wheel (11) has a hub motor inside, and both ends of the motor shaft have threads; the extended soil retaining plate (12) is fixedly connected to the furrow opener shovel handle (4); the motor shaft of the seed pressing wheel (11) passes through the through hole at the rear of the extended soil retaining plate (12) and is fixedly connected to the extended soil retaining plate (12) via a nut.

2. The wheat airflow-assisted seeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seeding device (10) comprises: a seed unloading device (10-1), an air pipe joint (10-2), an ejector (10-3), a seeding pipe joint (10-4), a seeding pipe (10-5), a speed sensor (10-6), and a seeding pipe clamp (10-7); The top of the seed unloading device (10-1) has an inner concave outer edge, which fits with the outer edge of the seed discharge wheel (7); The air pipe joint (10-2) has threads and is fixedly connected to the ejector (10-3) via the threads; The seeding pipe joint (10-4) connects the ejector (10-3) and the seeding pipe (1-5); The seeding pipe (1-5) is a slender hard pipe, the inner diameter of which is greater than the length of the wheat seeds, and the seeding pipe (1-5) comprises: a vertical section, a curved section and a horizontal section; a speed sensor (10-6) is installed in the horizontal section; The seeding tube clamp (10-7) is coaxially matched with the seeding tube (10-5) to fix the seeding tube (10-5) and the furrow opener shovel handle (4).

3. The wheat airflow-assisted seeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner concave outer edge of the seed unloading device (10-1) has the same radius R as the seeding wheel (11); the upper part of the seed unloading device (10-1) has a seed unloading cone hole (10-1-1) with a cone angle of α, and the cone hole is close to the seed unloading area of ​​the seeding wheel (7).

4. The wheat airflow-assisted seeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ejector (10-3) comprises: an upper shell (10-3-1), a sealing ring (10-3-5), a rectifier (10-3-6), and a lower shell (10-3-2); the upper shell (10-3-1), the rectifier (10-3-6), and the lower shell (10-3-2) have equal-diameter through holes, and the three are coaxially mounted; the lower end of the upper shell (10-3-1) has an internal thread, and the upper end of the lower shell (10-3-2) has an external thread; the upper shell (10-3-1) and the lower shell (10-3-2) are connected by threads and the rectifier (10-3-6) is fastened. ), and at the same time, a closed air cavity (10-3-4) is formed; the upper and lower ends of the rectifier (10-3-6) are provided with sealing grooves (10-3-7), and the sealing ring (10-3-5) is installed in the sealing groove (10-3-7); the lower end of the rectifier (10-3-6) is evenly distributed with air holes (10-3-3), and the air cavity (10-3-4) is connected to the conical hole at the upper end of the lower shell (10-3-2) through the air hole (10-3-3); the cone angle of the conical hole on the lower shell (10-3-2) is β, and the angle between the axis of the air hole (10-3-3) and the vertical direction is β.

5. The wheat airflow-assisted seeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wheat airflow-assisted seeding device also includes a seeding speed monitoring system: the seeding speed monitoring system includes: an operating speed detection device, a control unit, an electric proportional valve opening control device, an air pressure sensor and a speed sensor; the operating speed detection device is used to obtain the operating speed of the seeder; the control unit is used to perform the seeding speed monitoring task; the electric proportional valve opening control device is used to control the electric proportional valve opening; the air pressure sensor is used to monitor the seeding air pressure in real time; the speed sensor is used to monitor the seeding speed in real time.

6. The wheat airflow-assisted seeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wheat airflow-assisted seeding device also includes a seed pressing wheel speed monitoring system: the seed pressing wheel speed monitoring system includes: a control unit, an operating speed detection device, and an encoder; the control unit is used to perform the seed pressing wheel speed monitoring task; the operating speed detection device is used to obtain the seeder operating speed; the encoder is used to monitor the actual rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel in real time.

7. A working method of the wheat airflow-assisted seeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: The front blade (5) of the furrow opener cuts the soil layer to open a seed furrow, and the extended soil retaining plate (12) prevents soil from falling back into the seed furrow; the seeding wheel (7) rotates to separate single wheat seeds from the seed cup (6), and the seeding device discharges a uniform seed flow; the seeding device is an air suction type or mechanical precision seeding device; after the seeds enter the seeding device (10), they are accelerated along the seeding tube under the acceleration of the airflow; the seeds leave the seeding device (10) at a preset seeding speed, and at the moment when the seeds contact the seed furrow, the seed pressing wheel (11) crushes the seeds to fix the seeds on the seed bed.

8. The working method of the wheat airflow-assisted seeding device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The wheat airflow-assisted seeding device comprises a seeding speed monitoring system; the control unit of the seeding speed monitoring system performs a seeding speed monitoring task; the operation speed detection device is a Doppler radar; The control unit is a single chip microcomputer; The steps of the seeding speed monitoring task include: Step S101: measuring the sowing speed of wheat seeds when they leave the sowing tube under different sowing air pressure conditions through bench tests, and establishing a mathematical model between air pressure and sowing speed; Step S102: programming the air pressure-seeding speed mathematical model and burning the program into the single chip microcomputer; Step S103: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the seeding speed monitoring task; Step S104: Doppler radar monitors the machine tool operating speed and sends a machine tool operating speed signal to the single chip microcomputer; Step S105: using the machine tool operating speed in step S104 as the target value of the sowing speed, the single chip microcomputer obtains a matching theoretical sowing air pressure value according to the air pressure-sowing speed mathematical model, and calculates the corresponding electric proportional valve opening; Step S106: the single chip microcomputer outputs a signal to control the opening of the electric proportional valve to achieve seeding air pressure control; Step S107: The air pressure sensor monitors the air pressure for seeding in real time and sends the air pressure for seeding as a feedback signal to the single chip microcomputer; Step S108: The single chip microcomputer calculates the relative error between the actual value and the theoretical value of the seeding air pressure, and adjusts the opening of the electric proportional valve through a closed-loop control algorithm; Step S109: The speed sensor monitors the sowing speed in real time and sends the sowing speed as a feedback signal to the single chip microcomputer; Step S110: The single chip microcomputer calculates the relative error between the actual value and the target value of the sowing speed, and adjusts the opening of the electric proportional valve again through a closed-loop control algorithm; Step S111: The single chip microcomputer receives the feedback signals of the sowing air pressure and the sowing speed, and outputs the signals in real time to control the opening of the electric proportional valve, so as to realize the real-time monitoring of the sowing speed.

9. The working method of the wheat airflow-assisted seeding device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The wheat airflow-assisted seeding device comprises a seed pressing wheel speed monitoring system; the control unit of the seed pressing wheel speed monitoring system performs the seed pressing wheel speed monitoring task; the operation speed detection device is a Doppler radar; the control unit is a single-chip microcomputer; The steps of the seed pressing wheel speed change monitoring task include: Step S201: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the seed pressing wheel speed change monitoring task; Step S202: Doppler radar monitors the machine tool operating speed and sends a machine tool operating speed signal to the single chip microcomputer; Step S203: taking the machine tool operating speed in step S202 as the target value, calculating the corresponding rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel under the pure rolling condition; ω=V / r In the formula, ω is the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel, V is the machine operating speed, and r is the radius of the seed pressing wheel; Step S204: taking the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel in step S203 as the target value, calculating the corresponding PWM wave under the rotation speed condition, the single chip microcomputer outputs a PWM wave with a specific duty cycle to the driver, and the rotation of the wheel hub motor drives the seed pressing wheel to rotate; Step S205: the encoder monitors the actual rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel in real time, and the single chip microcomputer receives the rotation speed signal of the seed pressing wheel; Step S206: After receiving the information of the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel, the single chip microcomputer determines whether the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel is zero. If so, an alarm signal of the seed pressing wheel being locked in the soil is issued; if not, the process proceeds to step S207; Step S207: Determine whether the rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel is equal to the target rotation speed. If so, go to step S202; if not, go to step S208; Step S208: The single chip microcomputer calculates the relative error between the actual rotation speed of the seed pressing wheel and the target rotation speed, and changes the PWM wave signal according to the closed-loop control algorithm until the target rotation speed is reached, thereby realizing the speed change monitoring of the seed pressing wheel.

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