Chrysanthemum mulching film direct cutting spraying planting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of chrysanthemum planting, and discloses a chrysanthemum mulching film direct cutting spraying planting method which comprises the following steps: S1, deeply plowing a nursery field, and then applying a base fertilizer; s2, a black mulching film is selected to cover the seedbed, and a field planting net is laid on the mulching film; s3, cutting cuttings are selected and soaked with a rooting agent; s4, the cutting slips are inserted into the black mulching film, and water is thoroughly irrigated once through drip irrigation; s5, after direct cutting, spraying treatment is carried out immediately; in spring and autumn, all-day spraying is carried out at 9: 00-16: 00 after direct cutting; 10 days after direct cutting, spraying at 10: 00-15: 00 until rooting; in summer, all-day spraying is carried out at 8: 00-17: 00 after direct cutting; spraying is conducted at 9: 00-16: 00 after direct cutting is conducted for 9 days till rooting is conducted; the seedling survival rate is high, chrysanthemum growth and development are promoted, the growth period is shortened, crop rotation arrangement of succeeding crops is facilitated, the facility utilization rate is increased, and the multiple cropping index is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of chrysanthemum planting, in particular to a method for planting chrysanthemums by covering ground film with direct insertion and spraying. Background Art

[0002] Chrysanthemum is one of the most popular ornamental plants in the world. It is widely used in garden decoration, potted plants and cut flower markets. Different varieties of chrysanthemums bloom in different seasons, allowing people to enjoy their beauty almost all year round. In traditional Chinese medicine, chrysanthemum varieties such as Hangbai Chrysanthemum and Gongju are used to make herbal teas, which have the effects of clearing away heat and detoxifying, improving eyesight and lowering blood pressure. With the improvement of living standards, people's demand for flowers continues to increase, especially during holidays, such as the Spring Festival and the Double Ninth Festival, when the demand for chrysanthemums as traditional festival decorations is particularly strong.

[0003] Seedling transplanting is the main method of chrysanthemum cultivation. However, the growth and development of chrysanthemums is slow and the growth period is long, which reduces the utilization rate of facilities and the multiple cropping index, hindering the innovation of chrysanthemum cultivation technology and industrial development; especially in the summer planting time, that is, after entering June, as the temperature rises, there is also a problem of reduced seedling survival rate in seedling transplanting. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a method for planting chrysanthemums by covering ground with mulch film and directly inserting and spraying. The method has a high survival rate of seedlings, can shorten the rooting time of cuttings, promote the growth and development of chrysanthemums, and thus shorten the growth period, is beneficial to the arrangement of subsequent crop rotations, improves facility utilization, and increases the multiple cropping index.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for planting chrysanthemums by covering ground with mulch film and directly inserting and spraying, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Seedbed preparation: Deeply plow the nursery ground manually or mechanically, apply basal fertilizer, and lay 2-3 drip irrigation belts on the seedbed;

[0008] S2. Ground film covering: Choose black ground film to cover the seedbed, take soil to compact the ground film hanging down on both sides of the seedbed, and lay a planting net on the ground film;

[0009] S3, chrysanthemum cuttings treatment: break off the chrysanthemum branches 8-10 cm below the top, use them as cuttings, arrange the cuttings, and soak them in rooting agent;

[0010] S4. Direct planting: insert one cutting into each grid of the planting net, make a hole in the black ground film in the middle of the grid, insert the cutting into the hole, and press the soil around the cutting appropriately to make it closely combined with the cutting, and water it once with drip irrigation;

[0011] S5. Spraying: Spray immediately after direct insertion; adjust the spraying time according to the season and weather conditions. In spring and autumn, spray all day from 9:00 to 16:00 after direct insertion; spray from 10:00 to 15:00 10 days after direct insertion until rooting; in summer, spray all day from 8:00 to 17:00 after direct insertion; spray from 9:00 to 16:00 9 days after direct insertion until rooting; spray on sunny days, and spray on cloudy days depending on the condition of the cuttings.

[0012] Furthermore, in S1, the nursery land is plowed 30 cm deep; the seedbed is trapezoidal, with a lower bottom width of 90 cm, an upper bottom width of 80 cm, a working path between seedbeds of 40 cm width, and a seedbed height of 20 cm.

[0013] Furthermore, in S2, the width of the black mulch film is 1.2 m, and the mesh size of the planting net is 10 cm×10 cm.

[0014] Further, in S3, the rooting agent is used for soaking for 17-23 minutes.

[0015] Furthermore, in S3, the depth of the holes is 2.5-3.5 cm.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the technical solution are:

[0017] The method of the present invention improves the breeding efficiency and survival rate, increases the yield of chrysanthemum, improves the production efficiency, can shorten the rooting time of cuttings, promote the growth and development of chrysanthemums, and further shorten the growth period, which is beneficial to the arrangement of subsequent crop rotations, improves the utilization rate of facilities, increases the multiple cropping index, promotes the innovation of chrysanthemum cultivation technology, and promotes industrial development; specifically, compared with seedling cultivation, direct planting of chrysanthemums reduces the transplanting and seedling acclimatization time, shortens the growth period (that is, when the plant height reaches 90 cm) by 10-15 days, and at the same time avoids the damage to the root system of the plant during the transplanting process, promotes the growth of the root system, and improves the survival rate; during the direct planting and rooting period, the spray system ensures the air humidity while reducing the temperature, that is, the method of the present invention can provide better lighting conditions, promote callus formation and root germination, and promote rooting; in the later planting process, the spray system can also be used to spray agents and foliar fertilizers, which is convenient to operate and saves costs; the mulch uses a black ground film, which retains moisture and saves water, and has a significant weed prevention effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a seedbed, a black mulch film and a planting net in a method for chrysanthemum planting by covering the mulch film with direct insertion and spraying.

[0019] The names of the corresponding marks in the accompanying drawings are:

[0020] 1. Seedbed; 2. Black mulch film; 3. Planting net; 4. Steel pipe for fixing the planting net; 5. Cuttings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0022] A method for planting chrysanthemums by covering ground with mulch film and directly inserting and spraying, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1. Seedbed preparation: Figure 1 As shown, the nursery land is plowed 30 cm deep by manual or mechanical means and then basal fertilizer is applied to serve as a direct planting bed; the seedling bed 1 is 20 cm high for high bed cultivation; the seedling bed 1 is trapezoidal, with a lower bottom width of 90 cm and an upper bottom width of 80 cm, and the working path of the seedling bed 1 is 40 cm wide; 2-3 drip irrigation belts are laid on the seedling bed 1;

[0024] S2, mulch film covering: select 1.2m wide black mulch film 2 to cover the seedbed 1, take the soil in the operation channel to compact the mulch film hanging on both sides of the seedbed 1, lay a planting net 3 on the mulch film, the mesh size is 10cm*10cm, and fix the planting net 3 with a planting net fixing steel pipe 4 around it;

[0025] S3, chrysanthemum cuttings treatment: break off the chrysanthemum branches 8-10 cm below the top and use them as cuttings; arrange the cuttings 5, keep three leaves and one core, and soak them in a rooting agent for 20 minutes before direct insertion;

[0026] S4, direct planting: each grid of the planting net 3 directly inserts a cutting 5, selects a puncher or a wooden stick with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the cutting 5, pokes a hole on the black ground film 2 in the middle of the grid, the hole depth is 3cm, inserts the cutting 5 into the hole, and appropriately presses the soil around the cutting 5 to make it closely combined with the cutting 5, and waters it once with drip irrigation;

[0027] S5. Spraying: Spray immediately after direct insertion; adjust the spraying time according to the season and weather conditions. In spring and autumn, spray all day from 9:00 to 16:00 after direct insertion; spray from 10:00 to 15:00 10 days after direct insertion until roots are formed; in summer, spray all day from 8:00 to 17:00 after direct insertion; spray from 9:00 to 16:00 9 days after direct insertion until roots are formed; spray on sunny days, and spray on cloudy days according to the condition of the cuttings.

[0028] Experiments were conducted using seedling transplanting (A1), direct planting to keep moisture (A2), and the method of the present invention for direct planting and spraying chrysanthemums covered with ground film (A3). The comparative test contents are as follows:

[0029] 1. Experimental materials: chrysanthemum cuttings, with a length of 8 cm, a stem thickness of 0.3 cm, and three leaves and one core.

[0030] 2. Experimental design: Three treatments were set up: seedling transplanting (A1), direct insertion and moisturizing (A2), and direct insertion and spraying with mulch film (A3). The treatments were carried out in the same greenhouse on July 1, and supplementary lighting was carried out in the greenhouse for 4.5 hours (0:00-4:30). A1 was transplanted on July 13, and weeding was carried out uniformly for the three treatments. On July 30, the height, stem thickness, number of leaves, leaf area, root length, root surface area and root volume of chrysanthemums in each treatment were investigated, as well as the fresh weight of weeds in each treatment. The number of days required for 80% of the plants in each treatment to reach a height of 45 cm was recorded, and supplementary lighting was stopped. The number of days required for 50% of the plants in each treatment to enter the budding stage (bud diameter 2-3mm), the beginning of flowering stage (the outer 1-2 rounds of ligulate flowers are colored), and the full flowering stage (the outer 3-5 rounds of ligulate flowers are fully extended) were continued to be recorded. Different water managements were adopted according to the soil moisture content of each treatment (watering was performed when the soil moisture content was ≤30%). Other field managements were kept consistent, and the water consumption of each treatment throughout the growing season was recorded separately.

[0031] Seedling raising and transplanting (A1): Use plug trays for seedling raising. Transplant after the cuttings have taken root. Provide shade after transplanting. Remove the shade net after the seedlings have grown.

[0032] Direct insertion and moisture retention (A2): Insert the cuttings directly into the planting bed, water thoroughly after insertion, cover with white mulch to keep moisture, and use sunshade nets for shade. Remove the white mulch after the cuttings take root, and remove the sunshade nets after the seedlings have grown.

[0033] Covering the ground with film and direct planting with spraying (A3): adopt the above-mentioned method steps of covering the ground with film and direct planting with spraying.

[0034] 3. Results Analysis

[0035] Table 1 Effects of different treatments on chrysanthemum plant traits

[0036] deal with Plant height / cm Stem diameter / cm Number of blades <![CDATA[Leaf area / m 2 > A1 15.21±0.30c 0.36±0.01b 15.33±0.33c 18.02±0.47c A2 22.58±0.24b 0.46±0.01a 20.67±0.33b 21.85±0.44b A3 26.78±0.34a 0.49±0a 24.00±0.58a 25.58±0.75a

[0037] As shown in Table 1, 30 days after treatment, the plant height, leaf number and leaf area of ​​each treatment were A3>A2>A1, and the differences among treatments were significant. There was no significant difference in stem diameter between A2 and A3, but it was significantly higher than A1. This shows that the film spraying method provides plants with good environmental conditions such as light, temperature, and humidity, which is conducive to plant growth and development.

[0038] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on root indexes of chrysanthemum

[0039] deal with Root length / cm <![CDATA[Root surface area / cm 2 > <![CDATA[Root volume / cm 3 > A1 106.72±8.5b 18.15±1.65b 0.31±0.05b A2 171.72±14.01a 38.58±2.04a 0.69±0.06a A3 184.47±13.82a 42.22±4.84a 0.73±0.05a

[0040] As shown in Table 2, 30 days after treatment, there was no significant difference in root traits between A2 and A3, but it was significantly higher than A1, indicating that direct planting has a significant promoting effect on root growth. The reason may be that direct planting avoids the damage to the plant roots during the transplanting process and promotes root growth. The root growth of the film-covered direct planting spray method is better than that of the direct planting moisturizing method because the former can provide better light conditions, promote callus formation and root germination.

[0041] Table 3 Effects of different treatments on the growth process of chrysanthemum

[0042]

[0043] As shown in Table 3, the growth process of plants differed significantly between different treatments. The days required for the plant height to reach 45 cm, the budding period, the initial flowering period and the full flowering period in the A3 treatment were 11 days, 16 days, 16 days and 15 days earlier than those in the A1 treatment, respectively. They were 2 days, 5 days, 4 days and 5 days earlier than those in the A2 treatment, respectively. This shows that the direct-insertion spray planting method with mulch film can promote the growth and development of chrysanthemums and significantly shorten the growth process. The reason is that compared with the A3 treatment, the field operations such as transplanting and weeding in the A1 treatment and weeding in the A2 treatment will destroy the normal growth state of the root system, thereby affecting the growth and development of the plants.

[0044] Table 4 Fresh weight and water consumption of weeds under different treatments

[0045] deal with <![CDATA[Weed fresh mass / g / m 2 > <![CDATA[Water consumption / m 3 > A1 105.57±4.55a 39.89±0.95a A2 105.93±4.93a 40.64±0.87a A3 6.18±0.84b 20.25±0.38b

[0046] As shown in Table 4, the fresh weight of weeds and water consumption in treatment A3 were significantly lower than those in treatments A1 and A2, with the fresh weight of weeds reduced by 96.99% and 100.69% respectively, and the water consumption reduced by 16.08 times and 16.14 times respectively. This indicates that the direct-insertion spray planting method with mulch film has a significant effect in preventing weeds and saving water, and this planting method can effectively reduce planting costs and increase production benefits.

[0047] In summary, the method of the present invention improves the breeding efficiency and survival rate, increases the yield of chrysanthemums, improves production efficiency, and can shorten the rooting time of cuttings, promote the growth and development of chrysanthemums, and then shorten the growth period, which is beneficial to the arrangement of subsequent crop rotations, improves facility utilization, increases the multiple cropping index, promotes innovation in chrysanthemum cultivation technology, and promotes industrial development; specifically, compared with seedling planting, direct planting of chrysanthemums reduces the time for transplanting and seedling acclimatization, and shortens the growth period (that is, when the plant height reaches 90 cm) by 10-15 days. At the same time, it avoids damage to the root system of the plant during the transplanting process, promotes root growth, and improves the survival rate; during the direct planting rooting period, the spray system ensures the air humidity while reducing the temperature, that is, the method of the present invention can provide better lighting conditions, promote callus formation and root germination, and promote rooting; in the later planting process, the spray system can also be used to spray agents and foliar fertilizers, which is easy to operate and saves costs; the covering film adopts black ground film 2, which retains moisture and saves water, and has a significant weed control effect.

[0048] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for planting chrysanthemums by covering ground with mulch film and directly inserting and spraying, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Seedbed preparation: Deeply plow the nursery ground manually or mechanically, apply basal fertilizer, and lay 2-3 drip irrigation belts on the seedbed; S2. Ground film covering: Choose black ground film to cover the seedbed, take soil to compact the ground film hanging down on both sides of the seedbed, and lay a planting net on the ground film; S3, chrysanthemum cuttings treatment: break off the chrysanthemum branches 8-10 cm below the top, use them as cuttings, arrange the cuttings, and soak them in rooting agent; S4. Direct planting: insert one cutting into each grid of the planting net, make a hole in the black ground film in the middle of the grid, insert the cutting into the hole, and press the soil around the cutting appropriately to make it closely combined with the cutting, and water it once with drip irrigation; S5. Spraying: Spray immediately after direct insertion; adjust the spraying time according to the season and weather conditions. In spring and autumn, spray all day from 9:00 to 16:00 after direct insertion; spray from 10:00 to 15:00 10 days after direct insertion until rooting; in summer, spray all day from 8:00 to 17:00 after direct insertion; spray from 9:00 to 16:00 9 days after direct insertion until rooting; spray on sunny days, and spray on cloudy days depending on the condition of the cuttings.

2. The method for planting chrysanthemums by direct insertion and spraying covered with ground film according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the nursery land was plowed 30 cm deep; the seedbed was trapezoidal, with a lower base width of 90 cm, an upper base width of 80 cm, a working path between seedbeds of 40 cm width, and a seedbed height of 20 cm.

3. The method for planting chrysanthemums by direct insertion and spraying covered with ground film according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the width of the black mulch film was 1.2 m, and the mesh size of the planting net was 10 cm × 10 cm.

4. The method for planting chrysanthemums by direct insertion and spraying covered with ground film according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the soaking time with the rooting agent is 17-23 minutes.

5. The method for planting chrysanthemums by direct insertion and spraying covered with ground film according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the holes were pierced to a depth of 2.5-3.5 cm.

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