Water and fertilizer irrigation control method in sweet cherry cultivation process

Abstract

The invention provides a water and fertilizer irrigation control method in a sweet cherry cultivation process, belongs to the field of nursery stock planting, and solves the problems of planting temperature and humidity and accurate control of irrigation volume. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the sweet cherry cultivation process comprises the following steps that S1, sweet cherry tree seeds are planted in a seedling raising room for greenhouse seedling raising, and seeds are waited to germinate; s2, a plurality of cultivation racks are placed in the greenhouse, a plurality of planting boxes are arranged on the cultivation racks, seedlings are placed in field planting baskets, and then the field planting baskets are fixed to the planting boxes for cultivation; an intelligent control system for controlling the temperature and humidity and adjusting the irrigation amount is arranged in the greenhouse; s3, planting the seedlings in the soil, and planting the seedlings in the soil. According to the method, strict water, fertilizer and temperature control is carried out on the sweet cherry tree species in seedling raising and seedling cultivation, so that healthy and rapid development of seedlings is guaranteed, and the growth and survival efficiency of the seedlings is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of seedling planting and relates to a water and fertilizer irrigation method, in particular to a water and fertilizer irrigation control method in a sweet cherry cultivation process. Background Art

[0002] Sweet cherries are very popular among people. If high-quality and efficient cultivation facilities are adopted, the sweet cherry fruits can mature early to meet and extend the market supply period, which can bring high income to producers and operators.

[0003] At present, smart greenhouses are an important application field of the agricultural Internet of Things. It is a specific application field of the agricultural Internet of Things that is supported and implemented by Internet of Things technologies such as comprehensive perception, reliable transmission and intelligent processing, with the automated production, optimal control and intelligent management of greenhouses as its main goals. It is also one of the areas with the most urgent application needs.

[0004] Therefore, the first thing that comes to mind is to use smart greenhouses to cultivate sweet cherry trees and improve the growth quality of seedlings. During the planting process of sweet cherries, smart greenhouses are used to achieve precise control of temperature, humidity, air circulation, etc. to promote the high-quality growth of seedlings. After the seeds of sweet cherry trees germinate, more seedlings need to be cultivated. The growth of seedlings is directly related to the quality of the seedlings, and the control of water and fertilizer for seedlings is the top priority.

[0005] In the existing equipment, how to control the temperature and humidity of planting when setting the seedling value, and how to control the irrigation amount during irrigation are all problems that need to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the invention is to solve the above problems in the existing technology and to propose a water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the sweet cherry cultivation process.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: A method for controlling water and fertilizer irrigation in a sweet cherry cultivation process, comprising the following steps: S1, seedling raising: planting sweet cherry trees in a nursery room for greenhouse seedling raising, and cultivating the seedlings after the seeds germinate; S2, planting; placing multiple cultivation racks in the greenhouse, setting multiple planting boxes on the cultivation racks, placing the seedlings in the planting baskets, and then fixing the planting baskets on the planting boxes for cultivation; wherein, an intelligent control system for controlling temperature, humidity and adjusting irrigation volume is provided in the greenhouse; S3, growth period; the intelligent control system controls the irrigation equipment to regularly replenish the nutrient solution, the nutrient solution is transported to the water storage box, and the lower end of the seedling root system is immersed in the water storage box; wherein, the distance between the water storage box and the planting box is adjusted every 4-7 days so that the seedling root system is not completely immersed in the water storage box; and, the water storage box is replaced or cleaned once a week; wherein, the cultivation rack is ventilated once every 2-4 hours; S4, maturity; Continue to cultivate the seedlings until the number of leaves exceeds 10, and then determine that the seedlings are mature; after the seedlings are mature, transplant the seedlings and plant them in the soil.

[0008] In S2: S21, after planting, it is the slow growth period; the intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions in the slow growth period to: humidity 60-70%, temperature 20-30℃; S22, after 2 weeks of slow growth, the seedling stage begins; the intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the seedling stage to: humidity 50-60%, temperature 15-25°C; S23. After 2 weeks of cultivation in the seedling stage, the seedlings enter the growth stage; the intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions in the growth stage to: humidity 40-50%, temperature 15-25℃.

[0009] During the slow growth period: when the temperature is 20℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2h. For every 1℃ increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 3-5 minutes.

[0010] During the seedling stage: when the temperature is 15°C, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1°C increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 5-8 minutes, and the minimum addition cycle is 1 hour.

[0011] During the growth period: when the temperature is 15°C, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 1.5h. For every 1°C increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 5-10 minutes, and the minimum addition cycle is 0.5h.

[0012] In S2, the cultivation rack used includes a planting rack, a planting box, a water storage box and an irrigation system; The planting rack includes a bottom plate, a positioning plate, a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate arranged at both ends of the bottom plate, the tops of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are respectively connected to both ends of the positioning plate, and multiple rows of support rods are arranged in parallel between the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, and two support rods located in the same horizontal plane form one row; A plurality of the planting boxes are placed side by side on the support rod, and the plurality of planting boxes are arranged in an "eight" shape from top to bottom in a direction gradually away from the center of the first fixing plate; The water storage boxes are placed side by side on the support rods, and the water storage boxes include a water storage box body, a first bending plate and a second bending plate are arranged on both sides of the water storage box body, baffles are arranged at both the front and rear ends of the water storage box body, the first bending plate and the second bending plate are hung on the two support rods, and the multiple water storage boxes are located directly below the multiple planting boxes in a one-to-one correspondence, the height of the second bending plate is lower than the height of the first bending plate, and the height of the baffle is higher than the height of the second bending plate, so as to form a water outlet at the top position of the second bending plate; In the two adjacent water storage boxes, the water outlet of the upper water storage box is located above the opening of the lower water storage box; The irrigation system comprises a water pump, a main pipe and a plurality of branch pipes, wherein the branch pipes are hoses, the water pump is fixed on the second fixing plate, the main pipe is located below the positioning plate, the water inlet ends of the plurality of branch pipes are respectively connected to the main pipe, and the water outlet ends of the plurality of branch pipes are respectively directed toward the plurality of water storage boxes at the top; Two water collecting boxes are placed on the bottom plate, the water outlet of the lowest water storage box is located above the opening of the water collecting box, and installation grooves for the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate to be inserted into are respectively provided at both ends of the bottom plate.

[0013] The working principle of the present invention is: the seedlings are relatively fragile and grow fast during the slow growth period of the fixed value, so the fixed value environment humidity and temperature are required to be high; during the seedling stage, the seedlings do not require much humidity, so the humidity is reduced; during the growth period, the humidity requirement is further reduced. When the seedlings are growing, the increase in temperature will increase the demand for water, so when the temperature rises, the irrigation amount needs to be increased to meet the seedlings' demand for water. The evaporation rate of the seedlings is different in different periods, so it needs to be adjusted to the optimal state in each period.

[0014] With the above structure, the sweet cherry tree species is strictly controlled in water, fertilizer and temperature in seedling cultivation and seedling cultivation to ensure that the seedlings develop healthily and rapidly, and improve the growth and survival efficiency of the seedlings. The seedlings are relatively fragile and grow fast during the slow growth period, so the humidity of the fixed environment is required to be high and the temperature is high; during the seedling stage, the seedlings do not require much humidity, so it is reduced; during the growth period, the humidity requirement is further reduced. When the seedlings grow, the temperature rises, which increases the demand for water. Therefore, when the temperature rises, the irrigation amount needs to be increased to meet the seedlings' demand for water. The evaporation rate of the seedlings is different in different periods, so it needs to be adjusted to the best state in each period. The greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system for adjusting the air flow and temperature in the greenhouse; the greenhouse is equipped with water and fertilizer mixing / supply equipment, and the intelligent control system controls the water and fertilizer mixing / supply equipment to realize water and fertilizer mixing, irrigation and other processes, and realize intelligent cultivation. At the same time, the greenhouse is equipped with a plurality of sensors for monitoring temperature, humidity and air flow rate, which are used to provide the above monitoring data to the intelligent control system for data storage and function adjustment. Among them, the intelligent control system is an existing equipment in the market and can be purchased.

[0015] Among them, planting on the planting rack solves the problem of large land occupation for traditional planting, and the equipment can realize quantitative irrigation, that is, when the nutrient solution in the water storage box is full, it will overflow, and the overflowed nutrient solution is recycled and reused, achieving the effect of energy saving and emission reduction; the planting box and the water storage box are placed side by side on the support rod, and the plants (fruit seedlings, vegetable seedlings, etc.) are placed inside the planting box for planting, and the irrigation system supplies nutrient solution to the inside of the water storage box body, and the roots and stems of the plants extend downward into the water storage box body to absorb nutrient solution for replenishment; the planting box and the water storage box are easy to take and put on the support rod, and are more convenient to use; multiple planting boxes are arranged in an "eight" shape from top to bottom, gradually away from the center of the first fixed plate, so that the plants located above will not affect the light of the plants below, all plants are staggered with each other, get more sufficient light, and grow healthier.

[0016] When the nutrient solution in the upper water storage box is full, it will overflow from one side of the second bending plate and fall into the water storage box or the planting box below it (the nutrient solution in the planting box will further flow into the water storage box below), so that the nutrient solution fills all the water storage boxes in sequence. When the nutrient solution in the bottom water storage box is full, the nutrient solution overflows from one side of the second bending plate and falls into the water collection tank.

[0017] The irrigation system is arranged at the top to irrigate all plants, and it is easy to recycle, save resources, and not cause waste. The irrigation system has a simple structure and is easy to use. It should be noted that solenoid valves can be set on the main pipe and multiple branch pipes. The solenoid valves are connected to the intelligent control system to realize remote control of irrigation time, irrigation duration, and irrigation quantity, which is more intelligent. The upper parts of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are provided with mounting holes for the positioning plate to pass through; Both ends of the positioning plate are provided with strip holes, and at least one locking member is provided in each strip hole, and the upper and lower ends of the locking member are clamped and fixed to the positioning plate, and the multiple locking members are respectively against the outer side walls of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate to form a locking mechanism; The second fixing plate is provided with a bracket for installing a water pump, and the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are both provided with through holes for the main pipe to pass through; The inner walls of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are provided with a plurality of blind holes for the support rods to be inserted into. A storage box for storing support rods is provided on the outer side of the first fixing plate; The locking member comprises a bolt and a nut.

[0018] With the above structure, mounting grooves for the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate to be inserted into are respectively provided at both ends of the bottom plate. The planting rack is easy to disassemble and install. The planting rack can be used to support and fix the support rods and the irrigation system, and has a wide range of applications.

[0019] The mounting groove of the bottom plate can fix the bottom of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, and the positioning plate can fix the top of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, so as to ensure the stability of the planting rack itself, thereby ensuring the best overall stability of the equipment. The positioning plate is easy to adjust and can fix the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate in the most suitable position; the storage box can quickly store the support rod to avoid the loss of the support rod.

[0020] Among them, a locking member can be arranged on both sides of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, that is, the two locking members clamp the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, thereby improving the overall stability of the device.

[0021] The planting box comprises a box body, and hanging plates are arranged on both sides of the box body, the hanging plates are bent, and the hanging plates are hung on the support rods; The box body is provided with a plurality of setting holes, each of which is provided with a positioning hole next to it. The positioning hole is a blind hole or a threaded through hole. A planting basket is placed inside the setting hole, and a positioning column is inserted or screwed into the positioning hole.

[0022] With the above structure, the planting box has a simple structure and is easy to install; the planting basket is placed in the fixed value hole, and the plant roots pass through the planting basket downward to extend into the planting basket to absorb nutrient solution, which is convenient to use. The positioning column is inserted or screwed into the positioning hole, which is convenient to use.

[0023] The circumference of the positioning column is provided with a plurality of annular grooves from top to bottom, and an elastic rope for fixing the plant is arranged in the annular groove, or one end of the rope is tied tightly in the annular groove, and the other end of the rope is tied to the middle of the seedling.

[0024] With the above structure, the positioning column can support and guide the plant. The plant is bound to the positioning column by an elastic rope, which supports the plant and enables the plant to grow in a predetermined direction.

[0025] Two rows of support rods are arranged in the vertical direction below the planting box, and the water storage box can be placed on any row of support rods.

[0026] With the above structure, when the rhizomes of the plants grow shorter, the water storage box is placed closer to the planting box (relatively above) to ensure that the rhizomes can smoothly absorb the nutrient solution in the water storage box; When the rhizome of the plant grows longer, in order to avoid root entanglement and complete immersion of the roots in the nutrient solution, place the water storage box below the planting box, so that the rhizome can droop naturally and ensure that the bottom of the rhizome falls into the water storage box, so that the rhizome can smoothly absorb the nutrient solution in the water storage box.

[0027] Among them, the water storage box can be adjusted freely. Since the growth cycle and growth rate of the same batch of plants of the same type are basically the same, the position of the water storage box can be adjusted uniformly to ensure the normal use of the irrigation system.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the sweet cherry cultivation process has the following advantages: 1. In the present invention, the water, fertilizer and temperature of the sweet cherry tree species are strictly controlled in the seedling cultivation and seedling cultivation to ensure that the seedlings develop healthily and rapidly, and improve the growth and survival efficiency of the seedlings. The greenhouse is equipped with a water and fertilizer mixing / supplying device, and the intelligent control system controls the water and fertilizer mixing / supplying device to achieve water and fertilizer mixing, irrigation and other processes, and realize intelligent cultivation. At the same time, the greenhouse is equipped with a plurality of sensors for monitoring temperature, humidity and air flow speed, which are used to provide the above monitoring data to the intelligent control system for data storage and intelligent adjustment.

[0029] 2. In the present invention, planting is carried out on a planting rack, which solves the problem of large land occupation in traditional land planting, and the equipment can realize quantitative irrigation, that is, after the nutrient solution in the water storage box is filled, it will overflow, and the overflowed nutrient solution is recycled and reused, achieving the effect of energy saving and emission reduction; the planting box and the water storage box are placed side by side on the support rod, and the plants (fruit seedlings, vegetable seedlings, etc.) are placed inside the planting box for planting, and the irrigation system supplies nutrient solution to the inside of the water storage box body, and the roots and stems of the plants extend downward into the water storage box body to absorb nutrient solution for replenishment; the planting box and the water storage box are easy to take and put on the support rod, and are more convenient to use; the multiple planting boxes are arranged in an "eight" shape from top to bottom, gradually away from the center of the first fixed plate, so that the plants located above will not affect the light of the plants below, all plants are staggered with each other, obtain more sufficient light, and the plants grow healthier. When the nutrient solution in the upper water storage box is full, it will overflow from one side of the second bending plate and fall into the water storage box or the planting box below it (the nutrient solution in the planting box will further flow into the water storage box below), so that the nutrient solution fills all the water storage boxes in sequence. When the nutrient solution in the bottom water storage box is full, the nutrient solution overflows from one side of the second bending plate and falls into the water collection tank.

[0030] 3. In the present invention, mounting grooves for the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate to be inserted into are respectively provided at both ends of the bottom plate. The planting rack is easy to disassemble and install, and the planting rack can be used to support and fix the support rods and the irrigation system, and has a wide range of applications. The mounting groove of the bottom plate can fix the bottom of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, and the positioning plate can fix the top of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, thereby ensuring the stability of the planting rack itself, thereby ensuring the best overall stability of the equipment. The positioning plate is easy to adjust, and can fix the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate in the most suitable position; wherein, a locking member is provided on both sides of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, that is, the two locking members clamp the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, thereby improving the overall stability of the equipment.

[0031] 4. In the present invention, the planting box has a simple structure and is easy to install. The planting basket is placed in the fixed hole, and the roots of the plants pass through the planting basket downward to extend into the planting basket to absorb nutrient solution, which is convenient to use. The positioning column is inserted into the positioning hole or screwed into the positioning hole, which is convenient to use. The positioning column can support and guide the plant. The plant is tied to the positioning column through an elastic rope to support the plant and make the plant grow in a predetermined direction.

[0032] 5. In the present invention, when the rhizome of the plant grows shorter, the water storage box is placed at a position closer to the planting box (relatively above) to ensure that the rhizome can smoothly absorb the nutrient solution in the water storage box; when the rhizome of the plant grows longer, in order to avoid the rhizome from being entangled, the water storage box is placed at a position farther from the planting box (relatively below), so that the rhizome droops naturally and the bottom of the rhizome falls into the water storage box, and the rhizome can smoothly absorb the nutrient solution in the water storage box. At the same time, the water storage box can be freely adjusted. Since the growth cycle and growth rate of the same batch of plants of the same type are basically the same, the position of the water storage box can be uniformly adjusted to ensure the normal use of the irrigation system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a seedling setting flow chart of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the seedling cultivation frame in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional view of one side of the second fixing plate in the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 It is an exploded view of the planting rack in the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 It is a front view of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 7 It is an exploded view of the planting box and the water storage box in the present invention.

[0040] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the water storage box in the present invention.

[0041] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the positioning column in the present invention.

[0042] In the figure, 1, first fixed plate; 10, mounting hole; 11, storage box; 2, second fixed plate; 20, through hole; 21, bracket; 22, water pump; 23, main pipe; 24, branch pipe; 3, bottom plate; 31, mounting groove; 4, positioning plate; 41, strip hole; 42, locking piece; 5, planting box; 50, box body; 51, hanging plate; 52, positioning hole; 53, planting hole; 54, planting basket; 6, water storage box; 60, water storage box body; 61, first bending plate; 62, second bending plate; 63, baffle; 7, water collecting box; 8, positioning column; 81, annular groove; 82, thread; 9, support rod; 90, blind hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solution of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0044] Embodiment 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the sweet cherry cultivation process, the steps are as follows: S1, seedling raising: planting sweet cherry trees in a nursery room for greenhouse seedling raising, and cultivating the seedlings after the seeds germinate; S2, planting: placing multiple cultivation racks in the greenhouse, setting multiple planting boxes on the cultivation racks, placing the seedlings in the planting baskets, and then fixing the planting baskets on the planting boxes for cultivation; Among them, the greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system for controlling temperature, humidity and adjusting irrigation volume. The intelligent control system is used to adjust the ambient humidity and temperature in the greenhouse; S21, after planting, it is the slow growth period; The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the slow growth period to: humidity 65%, temperature 25°C; During the slow growth period: when the temperature is 20℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2h. For every 1℃ increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 4 minutes.

[0045] S22, the slow growth phase enters the seedling stage after 2 weeks of cultivation; The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the seedling stage to: humidity 55%, temperature 20°C; During the seedling stage: when the temperature is 15°C, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1°C increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 6 minutes, and the minimum addition cycle is 1 hour.

[0046] S23, seedling stage enters growth stage after 2 weeks of cultivation; The intelligent control system adjusts the growing conditions to: humidity 45% and temperature 20°C.

[0047] S3, growth stage; The intelligent control system controls the irrigation equipment to replenish the nutrient solution regularly. The nutrient solution is transported to the water storage box, and the lower end of the seedling root system is immersed in the water storage box. The distance between the water storage box and the planting box is adjusted every 6 days so that the roots of the seedlings are not completely immersed in the water storage box; and the water storage box is replaced or cleaned once a week; Among them, the cultivation rack is ventilated once every 2-4 hours; Among them, during the growth period: when the temperature is 15℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 1.5h. For every 1℃ increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 8 minutes, and the minimum addition cycle is 0.5h.

[0048] S4, maturity; Continue to cultivate the seedlings until the number of leaves exceeds 10, and then determine that the seedlings are mature; after the seedlings are mature, transplant the seedlings and plant them in the soil.

[0049] Embodiment 2: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the sweet cherry cultivation process, the steps are as follows: S1, seedling raising: planting sweet cherry trees in a nursery room for greenhouse seedling raising, and cultivating the seedlings after the seeds germinate; S2, planting: placing multiple cultivation racks in the greenhouse, setting multiple planting boxes on the cultivation racks, placing the seedlings in the planting baskets, and then fixing the planting baskets on the planting boxes for cultivation; Among them, the greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system for controlling temperature, humidity and adjusting irrigation volume. The intelligent control system is used to adjust the ambient humidity and temperature in the greenhouse; S21, after planting, it is the slow growth period; The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the slow growth period to: humidity 65%, temperature 25°C; During the slow growth period: when the temperature is 20℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2h. For every 1℃ increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 4 minutes.

[0050] S22, the slow growth phase enters the seedling stage after 2 weeks of cultivation; The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the seedling stage to: humidity 55%, temperature 20°C; During the seedling stage: when the temperature is 15°C, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1°C increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 6 minutes, and the minimum addition cycle is 1 hour.

[0051] S23, seedling stage enters growth stage after 2 weeks of cultivation; The intelligent control system adjusts the growing conditions to: humidity 45% and temperature 20°C.

[0052] S3, growth stage; The intelligent control system controls the irrigation equipment to replenish the nutrient solution regularly. The nutrient solution is transported to the water storage box, and the lower end of the seedling root system is immersed in the water storage box. The distance between the water storage box and the planting box is adjusted every 6 days so that the roots of the seedlings are not completely immersed in the water storage box; and the water storage box is replaced or cleaned once a week; Among them, the cultivation racks are ventilated once every 3 hours; Among them, during the growth period: when the temperature is 15℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 1.5h. For every 1℃ increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 8 minutes, and the minimum addition cycle is 0.5h.

[0053] S4, maturity; Continue to cultivate the seedlings until the number of leaves exceeds 10, and then determine that the seedlings are mature; after the seedlings are mature, transplant the seedlings and plant them in the soil.

[0054] like Figure 2-9 As shown, in S2, the cultivation rack used includes a planting rack, a planting box 5, a water storage box 6 and an irrigation system; The planting rack includes a bottom plate 3, a positioning plate 4, a first fixing plate 1 and a second fixing plate 2 arranged at both ends of the bottom plate 3, the tops of the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 are respectively connected to both ends of the positioning plate 4, and multiple rows of support rods 9 are arranged in parallel between the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2, and two support rods 9 located in the same horizontal plane form one row; A plurality of planting boxes 5 are placed side by side on the support rod 9, and the plurality of planting boxes 5 are arranged in an "eight" shape from top to bottom in a direction gradually away from the center of the first fixing plate 1; The water storage boxes 6 are placed side by side on the support rods 9, and the water storage boxes 6 include a water storage box body 60, a first bending plate 61 and a second bending plate 62 are arranged on both sides of the water storage box body 60, and baffles 63 are arranged at both the front and rear ends of the water storage box body 60, and the first bending plate 61 and the second bending plate 62 are hung on the two support rods 9. The multiple water storage boxes 6 are located directly below the multiple planting boxes 5 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the height of the second bending plate 62 is lower than the height of the first bending plate 61, and the height of the baffle 63 is higher than the height of the second bending plate 62, so as to form a water outlet at the top position of the second bending plate 62; In the two adjacent water storage boxes 6, the water outlet of the upper water storage box 6 is located above the opening of the lower water storage box 6; The irrigation system includes a water pump 22, a main pipe 23 and a plurality of branch pipes 24. The branch pipes 24 are hoses. The water pump 22 is fixed on the second fixing plate 2. The main pipe 23 is located below the positioning plate 4. The water inlet ends of the plurality of branch pipes 24 are respectively connected to the main pipe 23. The water outlet ends of the plurality of branch pipes 24 are respectively directed toward the plurality of water storage boxes 6 at the top. Two water collecting boxes 7 are placed on the bottom plate 3. The water outlet of the lowest water storage box 6 is located above the opening of the water collecting box 7. Both ends of the bottom plate 3 are respectively provided with mounting grooves 31 for the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 to be inserted into.

[0055] With the above structure, the sweet cherry tree species is strictly controlled in water, fertilizer and temperature during seedling cultivation to ensure the healthy and rapid development of the seedlings and improve the growth and survival efficiency of the seedlings. The seedlings are relatively fragile and grow fast during the slow growth period, so the humidity and temperature of the fixed environment are required to be high; during the seedling stage, the seedlings do not require much humidity, so the humidity is reduced; during the growth period, the humidity requirement is further reduced. When the seedlings are growing, the increase in temperature will increase the demand for water. Therefore, when the temperature rises, the amount of irrigation needs to be increased to meet the seedlings' demand for water. The evaporation rate of the seedlings is different in different periods, so they need to be adjusted to the optimal state in each period.

[0056] It should be noted that the seedling raising and seedling cultivation processes in the present invention are carried out in the seedling raising greenhouse and the greenhouse respectively; wherein the greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system for adjusting the air flow and temperature in the greenhouse; the greenhouse is equipped with water and fertilizer mixing / supply equipment, and the intelligent control system controls the water and fertilizer mixing / supply equipment to achieve water and fertilizer mixing, irrigation and other processes, and realize intelligent cultivation. At the same time, the greenhouse is equipped with a plurality of sensors for monitoring temperature, humidity, and air flow speed, which are used to provide the above monitoring data to the intelligent control system for data storage and intelligent adjustment. wherein the intelligent control system is an existing device on the market and can be purchased.

[0057] The above structure is adopted to plant crops on the planting rack, which solves the problem of large land occupation in traditional planting, and the equipment can realize quantitative irrigation, that is, when the nutrient solution in the water storage box 6 is full, it will overflow, and the overflowed nutrient solution is recycled and reused, so as to achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction; The planting box 5 and the water storage box 6 are placed side by side on the support rod 9, and the plants (fruit seedlings, vegetable seedlings, etc.) are placed inside the planting box 5 for planting. The irrigation system supplies nutrient solution to the inside of the water storage box body 60, and the roots of the plants extend downward into the water storage box body 60 to absorb the nutrient solution; the planting box 5 and the water storage box 6 are easy to take and put on the support rod 9, and are more convenient to use; the multiple planting boxes 5 are arranged in an "eight" shape from top to bottom, gradually away from the center of the first fixed plate 1, so that the plants located above will not affect the light of the plants below, all plants are staggered with each other, obtain more sufficient light, and grow healthier.

[0058] When the nutrient solution in the upper water storage box 60 is full, it will overflow from one side of the second bending plate 62 and then fall into the water storage box 60 or the planting box 5 below it (the nutrient solution in the planting box 5 will further flow into the water storage box 60 below), so that the nutrient solution can fill all the water storage boxes 60 in sequence. When the nutrient solution in the lowermost water storage box 60 is full, the nutrient solution overflows from one side of the second bending plate 62 and falls into the water collection tank 7.

[0059] With the above structure, the irrigation system is arranged at the top to irrigate all plants, and recycling is convenient, saving resources and not causing waste. The irrigation system has a simple structure and is easy to use. It should be noted that solenoid valves can be set on the main pipe 23 and the multiple branch pipes 24, and the solenoid valves are connected to the intelligent control system to realize the process of remotely controlling the irrigation time, irrigation duration, and irrigation quantity, which is more intelligent.

[0060] The first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 are provided with mounting holes 10 for the positioning plate 4 to pass through. Both ends of the positioning plate 4 are provided with strip holes 41, and at least one locking member 42 is provided in each strip hole 41, and the upper and lower ends of the locking member 42 are clamped and fixed to the positioning plate 4, and the multiple locking members 42 are respectively abutted against the outer side walls of the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 to form a locking mechanism; The second fixing plate 2 is provided with a bracket 21 for installing a water pump 22, and the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 are both provided with a through hole 20 for the main pipe 23 to pass through; The inner walls of the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 are provided with a plurality of blind holes 90 for the support rods 9 to be inserted into. A storage box 11 for storing the support rods 9 is provided on the outer side of the first fixing plate 1; The locking member 42 includes a bolt and a nut.

[0061] A storage box 11 for storing the support rods 9 is provided on the outer side of the first fixing plate 1 .

[0062] With the above structure, mounting grooves 31 for the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 to be inserted into are respectively provided at both ends of the bottom plate 3. The planting rack is easy to disassemble and install. The planting rack can be used to support and fix the support rod 9 and the irrigation system, and has a wide range of applications.

[0063] The mounting groove 31 of the bottom plate 3 can fix the bottom of the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2, and the positioning plate 4 can fix the top of the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2, so as to ensure the stability of the planting rack itself, thereby ensuring the best overall stability of the equipment. The positioning plate 4 is easy to adjust and can fix the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 in the most suitable position; the storage box 1 can quickly store the support rod 9 to prevent the support rod 9 from being lost.

[0064] It should be noted that a locking member 42 can be provided on both sides of the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2, that is, the two locking members 42 clamp the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2, thereby improving the overall stability of the device.

[0065] The planting box 5 includes a box body 50, and hanging plates 51 are arranged on both sides of the box body 50. The hanging plates 51 are bent and hung on the support rods 9; The box body 50 is provided with a plurality of setting holes 53 , and a positioning hole 52 is provided next to each setting hole 53 . The positioning hole 52 is a blind hole or a threaded through hole. A planting basket 54 is placed inside the setting hole 53 , and a positioning column 8 is inserted or threaded into the positioning hole 52 .

[0066] With the above structure, the planting box 5 has a simple structure and is easy to install; the planting basket 54 is placed in the fixed hole 53, and the plant roots pass through the planting basket 54 downward to extend into the planting basket 54 to absorb nutrient solution, which is convenient to use. The positioning column 8 is inserted or screwed into the positioning hole 52, which is convenient to use.

[0067] A plurality of annular grooves 81 are formed on the circumference of the positioning column 8 from top to bottom; An elastic rope for fixing the plant is arranged in the annular groove 81, or one end of the rope is tied tightly in the annular groove 81, and the other end of the rope is tied to the middle of the seedling.

[0068] With the above structure, the positioning column 8 can support and guide the plant. The plant is bound to the positioning column 8 by an elastic rope, which supports the plant and enables the plant to grow in a predetermined direction.

[0069] Two rows of support rods 9 are arranged in the vertical direction below the planting box 5 , and the water storage box 6 can be placed on any row of support rods 9 .

[0070] With the above structure, when the rhizomes of the plants grow shorter, the water storage box 6 is placed closer to (relatively above) the planting box 5 to ensure that the rhizomes can smoothly absorb the nutrient solution in the water storage box 6; When the rhizome of the plant grows longer, in order to avoid root entanglement and complete immersion of the roots in the nutrient solution, the water storage box 6 is placed below the planting box 5, so that the rhizome naturally droops and ensures that the bottom of the rhizome falls into the water storage box 6, and the rhizome can smoothly absorb the nutrient solution in the water storage box 6.

[0071] With the above structure, the water storage box 6 can be freely adjusted. Since the growth cycle and growth rate of the same batch of plants of the same type are basically the same, the position of the water storage box 6 can be uniformly adjusted to ensure the normal use of the irrigation system.

[0072] Embodiment three: This embodiment provides a method for controlling water and fertilizer irrigation in a sweet cherry cultivation process, the steps of which are as follows: S1, seedling raising: planting sweet cherry trees in a nursery room for greenhouse seedling raising, and cultivating the seedlings after the seeds germinate; S2, planting: placing multiple cultivation racks in the greenhouse, setting multiple planting boxes on the cultivation racks, placing the seedlings in the planting baskets, and then fixing the planting baskets on the planting boxes for cultivation; Among them, the greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system for controlling temperature, humidity and adjusting irrigation volume. The intelligent control system is used to adjust the ambient humidity and temperature in the greenhouse; S21, after planting, it is the slow growth period; The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the slow growth period to: humidity 60%, temperature 20°C; During the slow growth period: when the temperature is 20℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2h. For every 1℃ increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 3 minutes.

[0073] S22, the slow growth phase enters the seedling stage after 2 weeks of cultivation; The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the seedling stage to: humidity 50%, temperature 15°C; During the seedling stage: when the temperature is 15°C, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1°C increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 5 minutes, and the minimum addition cycle is 1 hour.

[0074] S23, seedling stage enters growth stage after 2 weeks of cultivation; The intelligent control system adjusts the growing conditions to: humidity 40% and temperature 15°C.

[0075] S3, growth stage; The intelligent control system controls the irrigation equipment to replenish the nutrient solution regularly. The nutrient solution is transported to the water storage box, and the lower end of the seedling root system is immersed in the water storage box. The distance between the water storage box and the planting box is adjusted every 4 days so that the roots of the seedlings are not completely immersed in the water storage box; and the water storage box is replaced or cleaned once a week; Among them, the cultivation racks were ventilated once every 2 hours; Among them, during the growth period: when the temperature is 15°C, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 1.5h. For every 1°C increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 5 minutes, and the minimum addition cycle is 0.5h.

[0076] S4, maturity; Continue to cultivate the seedlings until the number of leaves exceeds 10, and then determine that the seedlings are mature; after the seedlings are mature, transplant the seedlings and plant them in the soil.

[0077] The equipment used in this embodiment is the same as that used in the second embodiment, except that the process conditions are different.

[0078] Embodiment four: This embodiment provides a method for controlling water and fertilizer irrigation in a sweet cherry cultivation process, the steps of which are as follows: S1, seedling raising: planting sweet cherry trees in a nursery room for greenhouse seedling raising, and cultivating the seedlings after the seeds germinate; S2, planting: placing multiple cultivation racks in the greenhouse, setting multiple planting boxes on the cultivation racks, placing the seedlings in the planting baskets, and then fixing the planting baskets on the planting boxes for cultivation; The greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system for controlling temperature, humidity and adjusting irrigation volume. The intelligent control system is used to adjust the ambient humidity in the greenhouse to 40%-70% and the temperature in the greenhouse to 15-30℃. S21, after planting, it is the slow growth period; The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the slow growth period to: humidity 70%, temperature 30°C; During the slow growth period: when the temperature is 20℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2h. For every 1℃ increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 5 minutes.

[0079] S22, the slow growth phase enters the seedling stage after 2 weeks of cultivation; The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the seedling stage to: humidity 60% and temperature 25°C; During the seedling stage: when the temperature is 15°C, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1°C increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 8 minutes, and the minimum addition cycle is 1 hour.

[0080] S23, seedling stage enters growth stage after 2 weeks of cultivation; The intelligent control system adjusts the growing conditions to 50% humidity and 25°C temperature during the growth period.

[0081] S3, growth stage; The intelligent control system controls the irrigation equipment to replenish the nutrient solution regularly. The nutrient solution is transported to the water storage box, and the lower end of the seedling root system is immersed in the water storage box. The distance between the water storage box and the planting box is adjusted every 7 days so that the roots of the seedlings are not completely immersed in the water storage box; and the water storage box is replaced or cleaned once a week; Among them, the cultivation racks are ventilated once every 4 hours; Among them, during the growth period: when the temperature is 15°C, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 1.5h. For every 1°C increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 10 minutes, and the minimum addition cycle is 0.5h.

[0082] S4, maturity; Continue to cultivate the seedlings until the number of leaves exceeds 10, and then determine that the seedlings are mature; after the seedlings are mature, transplant the seedlings and plant them in the soil.

[0083] The equipment used in this embodiment is the same as that used in the second embodiment, except that the process conditions are different.

[0084] Experimental example: The planting methods of Examples 1 to 4 were used for planting tests and comparisons, and the survival rate of seedlings, the time required for the seedlings to mature from the growth stage, and the length of the root system after maturity were measured. The test results of Examples 1 to 4 of the present application are as follows: According to the above data, the only difference between Example 1 and Example 2 is the equipment. The survival rate and maturity period of the sweet cherry seedlings in Example 2 are significantly better than those in Example 1. Therefore, the use of the equipment in the present invention can comprehensively improve the healthy growth of the seedling root system, increase the survival rate, and promote the seedlings to mature as soon as possible.

[0085] Compared with Example 2, Example 3 and Example 4 only have different processing conditions, and the equipment used in the production steps are the same. The survival rate and maturity period of the sweet cherry seedlings prepared in Example 3 and Example 4 are significantly lower than those in Example 2. It can be seen that different processing conditions will also affect the healthy growth of the seedlings.

[0086] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in similar ways, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling water and fertilizer irrigation in a sweet cherry cultivation process, characterized in that: Here are the steps: S1, seedling raising; The sweet cherry trees are planted in a nursery room for greenhouse seedling raising, and after the seeds germinate, the seedlings are cultivated; S2, colonization; Multiple cultivation racks are placed in the greenhouse, multiple planting boxes are set on the cultivation racks, seedlings are placed in planting baskets, and then the planting baskets are fixed on the planting boxes for cultivation; The greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system for controlling temperature, humidity and adjusting irrigation volume. The intelligent control system is used to adjust the ambient humidity in the greenhouse to 40%-70% and the temperature in the greenhouse to 15-30℃. S3, growth stage; The intelligent control system controls the irrigation equipment to replenish the nutrient solution regularly. The nutrient solution is transported to the water storage box, and the lower end of the seedling root system is immersed in the water storage box. The distance between the water storage box and the planting box is adjusted every 4-7 days so that the roots of the seedlings are not completely immersed in the water storage box; and the water storage box is replaced or cleaned once a week; Among them, the cultivation rack is ventilated once every 2-4 hours; S4, maturity; Continue to cultivate the seedlings until the number of leaves exceeds 10, and then determine that the seedlings are mature; after the seedlings are mature, transplant the seedlings and plant them in the soil.

2. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the sweet cherry cultivation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2: S21, after planting, it is the slow growth period; The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the slow growth period to: humidity 60-70%, temperature 20-30℃; S22, the slow growth phase enters the seedling stage after 2 weeks of cultivation; The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the seedling stage to: humidity 50-60%, temperature 15-25℃; S23, seedlings enter the growth stage after 2 weeks of cultivation; The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the growth period to: humidity 40-50%, temperature 15-25°C; the seedlings during the growth period continue to be cultivated for 2-4 weeks.

3. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the sweet cherry cultivation process according to claim 2, characterized in that: During the slow growth period: when the temperature is 20℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2h. For every 1℃ increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 3-5 minutes.

4. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the sweet cherry cultivation process according to claim 2, characterized in that: During the seedling stage: when the temperature is 15°C, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1°C increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 5-8 minutes, and the minimum addition cycle is 1 hour.

5. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the sweet cherry cultivation process according to claim 2, characterized in that: During the growth period: when the temperature is 15°C, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 1.5h. For every 1°C increase in temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 5-10 minutes, and the minimum addition cycle is 0.5h.

6. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the sweet cherry cultivation process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: In S2, the cultivation rack used comprises a planting rack, a planting box (5), a water storage box (6) and an irrigation system; The planting frame comprises a bottom plate (3), a positioning plate (4), a first fixing plate (1) and a second fixing plate (2) arranged at two ends of the bottom plate (3), the tops of the first fixing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (2) being connected to two ends of the positioning plate (4) respectively, a plurality of rows of support rods (9) being arranged in parallel between the first fixing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (2), and two support rods (9) located on the same horizontal plane form one row; A plurality of the planting boxes (5) are placed side by side on the support rod (9), and the plurality of planting boxes (5) are arranged in an "eight" shape from top to bottom in a direction gradually moving away from the center of the first fixing plate (1); The water storage boxes (6) are placed side by side on the support rods (9), the water storage boxes (6) comprising a water storage box body (60), a first bending plate (61) and a second bending plate (62) are arranged on both sides of the water storage box body (60), baffles (63) are arranged at both the front and rear ends of the water storage box body (60), the first bending plate (61) and the second bending plate (62) are hung on the two support rods (9), the plurality of water storage boxes (6) are located directly below the plurality of planting boxes (5) in a one-to-one correspondence, the height of the second bending plate (62) is lower than the height of the first bending plate (61), and the height of the baffle (63) is higher than the height of the second bending plate (62), so as to form a water outlet at the top of the second bending plate (62); In the two adjacent water storage boxes (6) located above and below, the water outlet of the upper water storage box (6) is located above the opening of the lower water storage box (6); The irrigation system comprises a water pump (22), a main pipe (23) and a plurality of branch pipes (24), wherein the branch pipes (24) are hoses, the water pump (22) is fixed on the second fixing plate (2), the main pipe (23) is located below the positioning plate (4), the water inlet ends of the plurality of branch pipes (24) are respectively connected to the main pipe (23), and the water outlet ends of the plurality of branch pipes (24) are respectively directed toward the plurality of water storage boxes (6) at the top; Two water collecting boxes (7) are placed on the bottom plate (3), the water outlet of the lowest water storage box (6) is located above the opening of the water collecting box (7), and mounting grooves (31) for the first fixing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (2) to be inserted into are respectively provided at both ends of the bottom plate (3).

7. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the sweet cherry cultivation process according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper parts of the first fixing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (2) are provided with mounting holes (10) for the positioning plate (4) to pass through; Both ends of the positioning plate (4) are provided with strip holes (41), and at least one locking member (42) is provided in each strip hole (41), and the upper and lower ends of the locking member (42) are clamped and fixed to the positioning plate (4), and the plurality of locking members (42) are respectively abutted against the outer side walls of the first fixing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (2) to form a locking mechanism; The second fixing plate (2) is provided with a bracket (21) for mounting a water pump (22), and the first fixing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (2) are both provided with a through hole (20) for the main pipe (23) to pass through; The inner walls of the first fixing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (2) are provided with a plurality of blind holes (90) for the support rods (9) to be inserted into. A storage box (11) for storing the support rods (9) is provided on the outside of the first fixing plate (1); The locking member (42) comprises a bolt and a nut.

8. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the sweet cherry cultivation process according to claim 7, characterized in that: The planting box (5) comprises a box body (50), and hanging plates (51) are arranged on both sides of the box body (50), the hanging plates (51) are bent, and the hanging plates (51) are hung on the support rods (9); The box body (50) is provided with a plurality of setting holes (53), each of which is provided with a positioning hole (52) next to it. The positioning hole (52) is a blind hole or a threaded through hole. A planting basket (54) is placed inside the setting hole (53), and a positioning column (8) is inserted or screwed into the positioning hole (52).

9. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the sweet cherry cultivation process according to claim 8, characterized in that: The circumference of the positioning column (8) is provided with a plurality of annular grooves (81) from top to bottom, and an elastic rope for fixing the plant is arranged in the annular groove (81), or one end of the rope is tied tightly in the annular groove (81), and the other end of the rope is tied to the middle of the seedling.

10. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the sweet cherry cultivation process according to claim 9, characterized in that: Two rows of support rods (9) are arranged in a vertical direction below the planting box (5), and the water storage box (6) can be placed on any row of support rods (9).

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