Ginger aeroponic cultivation and matrix cultivation combined cultivation equipment and ginger aeroponic cultivation and matrix cultivation combined cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ginger aeroponic cultivation, in particular to ginger aeroponic cultivation and matrix cultivation combined cultivation equipment which comprises a box body, the interior of the box body is divided into a planting area on the upper portion and a liquid supply area on the lower portion, the planting area is specially used for ginger planting, and the liquid supply area is specially used for spraying and circulating treatment of a nutrient solution. A planting plate is arranged between the planting area and the liquid supply area, a planting part is arranged above the planting plate and used for planting ginger, an atomization assembly is arranged below the planting plate, and a nutrient solution can fully cover a root system area through the uniform spraying design that the atomization assembly surrounds a nozzle, so that stable nutrients and moisture are provided, and the planting effect is improved. A good high-oxygen growth environment is created for the root system, and a developed lateral root system can be formed, so that the growth of the root system of the ginger is promoted; the invention further provides a ginger cultivation method adopting the ginger aeroponic cultivation and matrix cultivation combined cultivation equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ginger aeroponic cultivation, and in particular to a cultivation device and method combining ginger aeroponic cultivation with substrate cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Aeroponics is a method of growing plants in a soilless environment, where plant roots are suspended in the air and misted with a nutrient-rich aqueous solution. Aeroponics offers several advantages over traditional soil-based agriculture, including faster growth rates, higher crop yields and more efficient use of resources. The soilless environment also reduces the risk of soil-borne pests and diseases, allowing for a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to agriculture.

[0003] Ginger has an underdeveloped root system and is a shallow root plant. Its roots are mainly distributed within the range of about 30cm on the soil surface. When cultivated without soil, it requires a relatively high amount of dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution. Compared with some deep-rooted soilless cultivated plants, ginger's roots are more likely to grow poorly if they are in an oxygen-deficient environment for a long time. At the same time, ginger's roots have no root hairs, which makes it relatively inefficient in absorbing nutrients and water.

[0004] In the existing aeroponic cultivation, the cultivation of ginger usually adopts aeroponic spraying directly on the culture matrix of the plant. At the same time, since the root system of ginger has no root hairs, the ginger root system can easily pass through the matrix soil when growing, and pass through the planting net in a disorderly manner. The growth of the disordered root system will absorb a large amount of nutrients, thereby inhibiting the growth of the branch root system, and thus it is impossible to obtain sufficient branch roots, resulting in the inhibition of the growth of the main stem of the ginger; at the same time, the excessive growth of the disordered root system will make the matrix soil loose, thereby causing the matrix to fall, further affecting the growth of the ginger root system.

[0005] In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the above technical problems, the present invention designs a cultivation device and method that combines ginger aeroponics and substrate culture to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical purpose to be achieved by the present invention is to provide an efficient and practical ginger aeroponic cultivation device with a simple structure, no special requirements for the planting site, which can provide a good growth environment for the growth of ginger roots and save the amount of substrate and nutrient solution.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a cultivation device combining ginger aeroponics and substrate culture, comprising a box, wherein the inner part of the box is divided into an upper planting area and a lower liquid supply area, and the box realizes the division of functional areas to avoid confusion between the planting area and the liquid supply area. The planting area is dedicated to ginger planting, and the liquid supply area is dedicated to spraying and circulating nutrient solution.

[0008] A planting plate is provided between the planting area and the liquid supply area, a planting portion is provided above the planting plate, the planting portion is used to plant ginger, an atomization component is provided below the planting plate, the atomization component is used to spray atomized nutrient solution to the liquid supply area; the planting plate can fix the ginger root system through the through holes opened thereon, and can also ensure that the nutrient solution aerosol in the liquid supply area acts on the ginger root system.

[0009] The planting plate is provided with planting holes and exchange holes. The planting holes limit the disorderly growth of the root system, increase the number of lateral root branches, and improve the nutrient absorption capacity. The exchange holes provide a channel for the branch root system to extend, and at the same time allow the aerosol nutrient solution to fully contact the root system, thereby improving the absorption efficiency of the ginger branch root system.

[0010] The aperture of the exchange hole is larger than that of the planting hole, and a plurality of planting holes are gathered to form a planting position, and a plurality of exchange holes surround the planting position to form an exchange position; the planting position is used to fix the cultivated ginger, and the exchange position is used to provide a growth channel for the ginger root system. In view of the problems of disordered growth of ginger roots and low nutrient solution contact efficiency, the aperture design with large and small intervals is used to optimize the growth environment of the branch root system, and solve the problems of limited extension of the branch root system and uneven nutrient distribution in the traditional matrix.

[0011] Furthermore, the planting plate adopts a rigid mesh structure, the diameter of a single planting hole is 1mm, and the diameter of a single exchange hole is 3mm. It is matched with a matrix with a particle size greater than 3mm to prevent the matrix from falling into the liquid supply area through the planting hole. The rigid mesh provides stable support to prevent the matrix from loosening and sliding down; the larger matrix particle size and small-diameter planting hole design ensure that the matrix will not leak into the liquid supply area, maintaining the cleanliness of the liquid supply area system.

[0012] The atomization assembly includes a liquid supply pipe and an atomization nozzle. One end of the liquid supply pipe is connected to an external nutrient solution supply device, and the other end extends into the box body and has multiple atomization nozzles installed at equal intervals on it. The atomization nozzle is used to spray atomized nutrient solution above the liquid supply area.

[0013] The upper end of the atomizing nozzle is surrounded by a plurality of nozzles, and the spraying direction of each nozzle is 0°-30° with the vertical upward direction. The atomizing nozzle sprays the nutrient solution uniformly around, covering the root system, and ensuring uniform supply of nutrients and water.

[0014] At the same time, the spray direction of the atomized droplets combined with the reflection effect of the mist hitting the inner wall of the box and the bottom of the planting plate makes the entire liquid supply area full of atomized water droplets, thereby improving the utilization rate of the nutrient solution. In view of the problem of uneven nutrient distribution and waste in traditional irrigation or spraying methods, the uniformity and absorption efficiency of the nutrient solution are enhanced by optimizing the layout and angle of the nozzles.

[0015] The present invention also provides a ginger cultivation method, comprising the following steps: S1: Select the substrate. The maximum particle size of the substrate particles should be greater than 3mm to ensure that the substrate will not fall into the liquid supply area below. When using, mix the substrate evenly and rinse it with clean water to remove impurities and dust. Specifically, you can choose vermiculite, perlite, coconut bran, etc. as the substrate. Vermiculite has good water retention and air permeability; perlite is light and has good drainage; coconut bran can provide certain nutrients and is loose and breathable.

[0016] Disinfection of the substrate: Mix the substrate evenly before use, rinse with clean water to remove impurities and dust. Then expose the substrate to the sun for 2 to 3 days for disinfection, or use chemical agents (such as formalin) for disinfection to reduce the number of pathogens and insect eggs in the substrate.

[0017] S2: Prepare the nutrient solution. When preparing the nutrient solution, first dissolve various fertilizers in a small amount of warm water, and then mix them in order. Stir while mixing to ensure that the nutrient solution is uniform. Use pH test paper or acidity meter to test the pH value of the nutrient solution. The suitable pH value for ginger growth is between 5.5-7.0. Inject the nutrient solution into the atomization component.

[0018] S3: Process ginger seed blocks. Select ginger seed blocks with full tubers, no obvious damage, and no signs of pests and diseases. Each seed block has 2 to 3 buds. Then soak the ginger seed blocks in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 to 15 minutes for disinfection. After soaking, rinse with clean water and dry in a well-ventilated place. You can also apply wood ash on the cut of the seed block to play a role in disinfection and potassium fertilizer supplementation.

[0019] S4: Before planting ginger seeds, evenly spread a layer of substrate about 2-3 cm thick on the planting board in advance. The substrate should cover the planting holes and exchange holes to provide a shading environment for the growth of ginger seeds and roots. The planting distance of ginger seeds is 20 cm. After planting, cover the ginger with a layer of substrate 6-8 cm thick.

[0020] Preferably, the distance between ginger planting is 20 cm. This planting spacing is suitable for planting ginger in the present invention, and can evenly receive nutrient solution and reasonably utilize space. The planting spacing of 20 cm can fully cover the substrate, make the shading more uniform, and reduce the harm of excessive light.

[0021] S5: Spray the nutrient solution. 1-2 weeks after ginger planting, set the spray interval to spray once every 10-15 minutes, and each spray lasts for 10-15 seconds.

[0022] S6: Add substrate. As the main stem of ginger grows to about 30-40 cm in height and begins to form three branches, gradually increase the thickness of the substrate to ensure that the expanding ginger pieces are not exposed to light and maintain normal growth of ginger.

[0023] Preferably, when the ginger seed blocks in S4 are planted, the processed ginger seed blocks are placed on the substrate with the bud eyes facing upward and gently pressed to ensure good contact between the ginger seed blocks and the substrate. The young roots in the middle part extend into the liquid supply area through the 1mm planting holes, and the young roots on the side part extend into the liquid supply area through the 3mm exchange holes.

[0024] Preferably, after 2 to 3 weeks of planting, the root system of the ginger in S5 is gradually developed, and the spraying interval can be adjusted to spray once every 20 to 30 minutes, and each spraying time is 15 to 20 seconds. At the same time, pay attention to the temperature of the nutrient solution and keep it at 20-25°C.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention forms differentiated functional areas through the design of alternating 1mm and 3mm through holes. The small holes limit the disordered growth of the roots and promote branch formation, while the large holes provide sufficient growth channels, which is conducive to the natural extension of the roots. In addition, combined with the uniform spray design of the atomization component surrounding the nozzle, the nutrient solution can fully cover the root area, not only providing stable nutrients and water, but also creating a good high-oxygen growth environment for the roots, which helps to form a developed lateral root system, thereby promoting the growth of ginger roots.

[0026] 2. The present invention adopts a rigid mesh structure through the planting plate, combined with a design of alternating 1mm and 3mm through holes, to effectively limit the falling of small particle matrix, and at the same time stipulates that the matrix particle size must be greater than 3mm to ensure the stability of the matrix. Smaller planting holes can prevent the matrix from leaking into the liquid supply area, thereby keeping the liquid supply area clean and preventing the nutrient solution circulation system from being blocked. The rigid mesh also provides a stable matrix support, and the matrix is ​​not easy to loosen or slide even in a high humidity environment, further improving the practicality and maintenance convenience of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] The above and other aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a perspective schematic diagram of the side of the box body of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the planting plate of the present invention; Figure 4 The present invention Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of point a; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the atomizing nozzle of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the nozzle of the present invention; Figure 7 The present invention is a flowchart of a ginger cultivation method using an aeroponics device.

[0029] In the figure: 1. box body; 2. planting area; 3. liquid supply area; 4. planting plate; 41. planting position; 411. planting hole; 42. exchange position; 421. exchange hole; 5. planting part; 6. atomization component; 61. liquid supply pipeline; 62. atomization nozzle; 621. nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0032] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0033] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0035] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the specification of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items. like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, a cultivation device combining aeroponics and substrate culture of ginger provided by the present invention comprises a box body 1, the box body 1 is composed of a plurality of partitions, the interior of the box body 1 is divided into an upper planting area 2 and a lower liquid supply area 3, a planting plate 4 is provided between the planting area 2 and the liquid supply area 3, a planting part 5 is provided above the planting plate 4, the planting part 5 is used to plant ginger, an atomizing component 6 is provided below the planting plate 4, the atomizing component 6 is used to spray atomized nutrient solution to the liquid supply area 3; The planting plate 4 fixes the ginger root system through the through holes formed thereon, and at the same time ensures that the nutrient solution aerosol in the liquid supply area 3 acts on the ginger root system.

[0037] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the planting plate 4 is provided with planting holes 411 and exchange holes 421, the diameter of a single planting hole 411 is 1 mm, and the diameter of a single exchange hole 421 is 3 mm. A plurality of planting holes 411 are gathered to form a planting position 41, and a plurality of exchange holes 421 surround the planting position 41 and form an exchange position 42; the planting position 41 is used to fix and cultivate ginger, and the exchange position 42 is used to provide a growth channel for the ginger root system.

[0038] In this embodiment, the planting plate 4 is a rigid net, on which 1 mm planting holes 411 and 3 mm exchange holes 421 are alternately distributed. This alternating distribution can provide a good ventilation environment for the plant roots and guide the root growth. The smaller 1 mm planting holes 411 can ensure that the disorderly growth of the roots out of the net is limited to a certain extent, promote the increase of root branches, and form more lateral roots. The 3 mm exchange holes 421 provide space for the elongation and growth of the root branches, which helps to form a developed root system.

[0039] The exchange holes 421 of the rigid net also help to discharge excess nutrient solution to prevent the ginger from lack of oxygen or root rot. At the same time, the planting holes 411 will not allow water to be lost too quickly, so that a certain amount of water is retained around the root system, providing a stable humidity environment for the ginger. The planting medium is coconut bran, and the planting medium can be better fixed through the through holes of the rigid net.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the atomizing assembly 6 includes a liquid supply pipe 61 and an atomizing nozzle 62. One end of the liquid supply pipe 61 is connected to an external nutrient solution supply device, and the other end extends into the box 1 and a plurality of atomizing nozzles 62 are evenly installed thereon, and the interval between the atomizing nozzles 62 is 0.4m. The atomizing nozzle 62 is used to spray atomized nutrient solution above the liquid supply area 3.

[0041] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, four nozzles 621 are arranged around the upper end of the atomizing nozzle 62, and the spraying direction of each nozzle 621 is 0° with the vertical upward direction, so that the nozzle 621 directly shoots the lower end of the planting plate 4, and the atomizing nozzle 62 sprays the nutrient solution onto the roots and matrix of each ginger plant, so that the ginger can obtain sufficient nutrition.

[0042] In this embodiment, during the actual cultivation process, according to the growth characteristics of ginger, the present invention designs the planting holes 411 and the exchange holes 421 with different diameters, so that the roots of ginger can freely pass through the lower liquid supply area 3 to absorb nutrients.

[0043] When planting, place the ginger on the planting board 4, and cover the planting board 4 with a 6-8 cm thick substrate. Later, as the main stem of the ginger grows to about 30-40 cm high, it begins to form three branches, and the thickness of the substrate is gradually increased to ensure that the expanded ginger pieces are not exposed to light and maintain the normal growth of the ginger.

[0044] It is worth noting that the maximum particle size of the matrix particles used should be greater than 3 mm to ensure that the matrix does not fall into the liquid supply area below 3. After the matrix is ​​used multiple times, it needs to be cleaned out from the upper planting area. At this time, some of the matrix will fall from the planting net to the partition board, and the planting net needs to be pulled out when cleaning the matrix.

[0045] Part of the atomized water droplets sprayed by the atomizing nozzle 62 can bounce irregularly through the inner wall of the box 1 and the bottom of the planting plate 4, so that the lower liquid supply area 3 is filled with atomized water droplets formed by the nutrient solution, ensuring sufficient and uniform nutrient supply to the ginger roots.

[0046] In this embodiment, the length of the device is adjusted according to the specific use conditions, and can adapt to various planting sites. The present invention can be placed directly on the ground for separate use, and can also be placed on a planted "A"-shaped cultivation rack to connect into a system for three-dimensional cultivation, which meets the requirements of factory agricultural production. If the device of the present invention is placed on a special "A"-shaped three-dimensional cultivation rack with a height of 2.1m and a bottom width of 2.2m, five ginger aeroponic devices can be placed on one cultivation rack, and the land utilization rate can reach 120%, while the land utilization rate of ordinary three-dimensional cultivation is between 90% and 100%, and the land utilization rate is increased by 20% to 36%.

[0047] This embodiment also provides a ginger cultivation method, comprising the following steps: In this embodiment, a rigid mesh with evenly distributed 1mm and 3mm round holes is used as the planting plate 4. The rigid mesh material is required to be strong and corrosion-resistant. In this embodiment, a stainless steel mesh is selected. The 1mm and 3mm round holes are evenly distributed. The 1mm round holes can be used to initially fix the young roots or small buds of ginger, and the 3mm round holes provide sufficient space for the growth of ginger tubers and roots. The planting plate 4 is firmly installed above the aeroponic liquid supply area 3 to ensure that it is level and stable to avoid tilting or shaking during the planting process.

[0048] S1: Select the substrate. The maximum particle size of the substrate particles used should be greater than 3 mm to ensure that the substrate does not fall into the liquid supply area 3 below. When using, mix the substrate evenly and rinse it with clean water to remove impurities and dust. Furthermore, disinfect the substrate by exposing it to the sun for 2 to 3 days to disinfect it, so as to reduce the bacteria and insect eggs in the substrate. S2: Prepare the nutrient solution. When preparing the nutrient solution, first dissolve various fertilizers in a small amount of warm water, then mix them in order, stirring while mixing to ensure that the nutrient solution is uniform. Use pH test paper or acidity meter to test the pH value of the nutrient solution. The pH value suitable for ginger growth is between 5.5-7.0. If the pH value is not within this range, use dilute acid (such as phosphoric acid) or dilute alkali (such as potassium hydroxide) to adjust it.

[0049] Each liter of nutrient solution contains 945 mg of calcium nitrate, 809 mg of potassium nitrate, 153 mg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 493 mg of magnesium sulfate, and 20-40 mg of iron salt solution, and appropriate amounts of trace elements are added, including but not limited to boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate, and the nutrient solution is injected into the atomizing assembly 6; S3: Process the ginger seed blocks. Select the ginger seed blocks with full tubers, no obvious damage, and no signs of pests and diseases. Each seed block has 2 to 3 buds. Then soak the ginger seed blocks in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 to 15 minutes for disinfection. After soaking, rinse with clean water and place in a well-ventilated place to dry. S4: Planting ginger seeds. Evenly spread a layer of substrate about 2-3 cm thick on the planting plate 4 in advance. The substrate should cover the planting holes 411 and the exchange holes 421 to provide a shading environment for the growth of the ginger seeds and roots. The planting distance of the ginger seeds is 20 cm. After planting, cover the ginger with a layer of substrate 6-8 cm thick. Further, place the processed ginger seeds on the substrate with the buds facing upwards and press gently to make the ginger seeds in good contact with the substrate. The young roots in the middle part extend into the liquid supply area 3 through the 1 mm planting holes 411, and the young roots on the side parts extend into the liquid supply area 3 through the 3 mm exchange holes 421.

[0050] S5: The spraying frequency used is slightly different at different stages of ginger planting. 1-2 weeks after ginger planting, the spraying interval is set to spray once every 10-15 minutes, and each spraying lasts for 10-15 seconds. This is because the ginger root system is relatively fragile in the early stage and needs frequent contact with nutrient solution to ensure growth. As the ginger grows, the root system gradually develops. After 2-3 weeks, the spraying interval can be adjusted to spray once every 20-30 minutes, and each spraying time is 15-20 seconds.

[0051] At the same time, pay attention to the temperature of the nutrient solution, which is best kept at 20-25°C. If the temperature of the nutrient solution is too high or too low, it can be adjusted by the heating or cooling device set in the nutrient solution pool.

[0052] S6: Add substrate. As the main stem of ginger grows to about 30-40 cm in height and begins to form three branches, gradually increase the thickness of the substrate to ensure that the expanding ginger pieces are not exposed to light and maintain normal growth of ginger.

[0053] In this embodiment, ginger needs sufficient light to grow, but cannot accept direct strong light. When the sun is strong in summer, a sunshade net is used for shading, and the shading rate of the sunshade net is controlled at 30% to 50%. In winter or when there is insufficient light, plant supplementary lighting can be used to supplement the light, and the daily lighting time is maintained at 10-12 hours. The suitable temperature for ginger growth is 25-30°C. When the ambient temperature exceeds 35°C, the temperature is reduced by increasing ventilation (such as installing an exhaust fan) or using a water curtain cooling system. When the temperature is below 15°C, insulation measures need to be taken, such as covering the aeroponic equipment with insulation materials (such as insulation blankets) or using heating equipment (such as electric heaters). Aerosol cultivation equipment will make the ambient humidity relatively high, but excessive humidity can easily cause diseases. Control the ambient humidity to about 70% to 80%, and adjust the humidity through proper ventilation. Ventilation can also improve the air quality in the planting environment, which is beneficial to the respiration of ginger.

[0054] In this embodiment, attention should be paid to the regular monitoring and replenishment of the nutrient solution. The nutrient solution is tested once a week, including the concentration and pH value of the main nutrient elements. According to the test results, the consumed nutrients are replenished in time. If the concentration of potassium nitrate decreases, it should be supplemented according to the formula ratio to ensure the nutritional balance of the nutrient solution. The nutrient solution should be replaced every 2 to 3 weeks to prevent the accumulation of excessive harmful substances in the nutrient solution, such as root secretions and pathogens.

[0055] When replacing the nutrient solution, drain the old nutrient solution first, then rinse the planting trough and atomization assembly 6 with clean water, and then add the newly prepared nutrient solution. In terms of plant adjustment, the plants should be topped and the leaves cleaned in time. When the ginger plant grows to 30-40 cm in height, it is topped to remove the growth point at the top of the plant, inhibit the apical dominance of the plant, and promote the growth of lateral branches, thereby increasing the yield of ginger. Check the plants regularly, remove the yellow, sick and weak leaves in time, and keep the ventilation and light transmission between the plants good. This helps to reduce the spread of diseases and improve the photosynthesis efficiency of the plants. In terms of disease and pest control, do a good job in disease and pest control of ginger.

[0056] Ginger blight is a common disease of ginger, so you should pay attention to prevention. You can add an appropriate amount of fungicide (such as carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl) to the nutrient solution for prevention. Once the diseased plants are found, they should be isolated immediately to prevent the spread of the disease. At the same time, the nutrient solution pool, spray device and planting trough should be disinfected. Ginger may be attacked by pests such as aphids and thrips. Insect-proof nets can be set up around the planting area to prevent pests from entering. If pests are found, biological control methods can be used, such as releasing seven-spotted ladybugs to control the number of aphids, or physical control methods can be used, such as yellow boards to trap aphids and thrips.

[0057] The description herein is provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to implement or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be given the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0058] The foregoing is merely an excerpt from the disclosure that these modifications may be made to the invention in light of the above detailed description. The terms used in the appended claims should not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification. Instead, the scope of the invention will be determined entirely by the appended claims, which will be interpreted in accordance with established principles of claim interpretation.

Claims

1. A ginger cultivation device combining aeroponics and substrate cultivation, comprising a box (1), characterized in that: The interior of the box body (1) is divided into an upper planting area (2) and a lower liquid supply area (3); a planting plate (4) is provided between the planting area (2) and the liquid supply area (3); a planting portion (5) is provided above the planting plate (4); an atomizing component (6) is provided below the planting plate (4); the atomizing component (6) is used to spray atomized nutrient solution onto the liquid supply area (3); The planting plate (4) is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the through holes are used to fix the ginger root system and pass atomized nutrient solution.

2. The cultivation equipment combining ginger aeroponics and substrate culture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The through holes comprise planting holes (411) and exchange holes (421); the diameter of the exchange holes (421) is larger than the diameter of the planting holes (411); a plurality of planting holes (411) are gathered to form a planting position (41); a plurality of exchange holes (421) surround the planting position (41) and form an exchange position (42); the planting position (41) is used for fixing and cultivating ginger, and the exchange position (42) is used for providing a growth channel for the ginger root system.

3. The cultivation equipment combining aeroponics and substrate culture of ginger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of a single implantation hole (411) is 1 mm, and the diameter of a single exchange hole (421) is 3 mm.

4. The cultivation equipment combining aeroponics and substrate culture of ginger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atomizing assembly (6) comprises a liquid supply pipe (61) and an atomizing nozzle (62); one end of the liquid supply pipe (61) is connected to an external nutrient solution supply device, and the other end extends into the box (1) and has a plurality of atomizing nozzles (62) mounted thereon at equal intervals; the atomizing nozzles (62) are used to spray atomized nutrient solution above the liquid supply area (3).

5. The cultivation equipment combining aeroponics and substrate culture of ginger according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A plurality of nozzles (621) are disposed around the upper end of the atomizing nozzle (62), and the spraying direction of each nozzle (621) is 0°-30° with respect to the vertical upward direction.

6. A ginger cultivation method, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S1: Select the matrix and disinfect the matrix. The maximum particle size of the matrix particles used should be greater than 3 mm to ensure that the matrix does not fall into the liquid supply area below (3). Then, the matrix is ​​disinfected by physical or chemical methods; S2: preparing a nutrient solution, first dissolving various fertilizers in warm water respectively to ensure that the nutrient solution is uniform, then testing the pH value of the nutrient solution to ensure that the pH value of the nutrient solution is between 5.5 and 7.0, and then injecting the prepared nutrient solution into the atomizing component (6); S3: Process ginger seed blocks: soak ginger seed blocks with 2 to 3 buds in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 to 15 minutes, wash and dry them after soaking; S4: Planting ginger seed blocks. In advance, evenly spread a layer of substrate about 2-3 cm thick on the planting plate (4). The substrate should cover the planting holes (411) and the exchange holes (421) to provide a shading environment for the ginger seed blocks and root growth. The ginger seed blocks are planted at a distance of 20 cm. After planting, cover the ginger with a layer of substrate 6-8 cm thick. S5: Spray the nutrient solution. 1-2 weeks after ginger planting, the spray interval is set to spray once every 10-15 minutes, and each spray lasts for 10-15 seconds; S6: Add substrate. As the main stem of ginger grows to the stage of three branches, increase the thickness of the substrate to ensure that the expanding ginger pieces are not exposed to light.

7. A ginger cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the ginger seed block in S4 is planted, the processed ginger seed block is placed on the substrate with the bud eye facing upward, and the ginger seed block is pressed to make contact with the substrate. The young roots in the middle part extend into the liquid supply area (3) through the 1 mm planting hole (411), and the young roots in the side part extend into the liquid supply area (3) through the 3 mm exchange hole (421).

8. A ginger cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: 2 to 3 weeks after the ginger in S5 was planted, the root system gradually developed and the spraying interval could be adjusted to once every 20 to 30 minutes, with each spraying lasting 15 to 20 seconds. At the same time, the temperature of the nutrient solution was maintained at 20-25°C.

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