Bionic efficient breeding method for micropterus salmoides offspring seeds

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fry breeding in aquaculture, and discloses a micropterus salmoides fry bionic efficient breeding method which comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting parents, and performing physique exercise and optimization on the parents through industrial water tank culture in a pond; 2, preferably selecting parents, and carrying out winter intensified cultivation in an indoor temperature-controlled overwintering pond; thirdly, nutrient enrichment and gonad ripening acceleration of the parents are achieved by feeding animal bait and adjusting water flow; step 4, performing simulated ecological environment construction and parent fish breeding in the outdoor soil pond; 5, fertilized egg incubation is conducted under the indoor controllable condition; sixthly, large-scale fry breeding is carried out in the indoor temperature control cement pond. According to the micropterus salmoides fry bionic efficient breeding method, the micropterus salmoides fry breeding efficiency can be remarkably improved, the fry quality can be improved, the labor intensity and the cost input can be effectively reduced, and micropterus salmoides fry production and commercial fish breeding industry development can be powerfully promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seed breeding in aquaculture, and in particular to an ecologically efficient breeding method for California bass seed. Background Art

[0002] California bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) is a Perciformes fish native to the Mississippi River system in California, USA. It was first introduced to my country in 1983, and a breeding experiment was carried out in Guangdong Province. Artificial breeding was successful in 1985. California perch has tender meat, no intramuscular spines, and delicious taste, which is deeply loved by consumers. At the same time, it has the advantages of fast growth, easy catching, wide salinity adaptability, and strong disease resistance in breeding, and is widely recognized by farmers. At present, my country's California perch breeding is concentrated in southern provinces such as Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Fujian, and is called the "fifth major fish".

[0003] The rapid development of the California bass aquaculture industry has caused a sharp increase in the demand for its seedlings, and the California bass seedling industry is in the ascendant. However, due to the uneven sources of parents, breeding techniques, and breeding techniques in different seedling breeding farms, the quality of California bass seedlings varies greatly. High-quality seedlings can bring considerable breeding benefits to farmers, while inferior seedlings will cause irreparable economic losses to farmers. At present, there are major problems in the breeding process of California bass seedlings, such as unstable seedling quality, high labor intensity, and low seedling survival rate. Therefore, if an efficient breeding method for high-quality California bass seedlings can be developed, it will greatly solve the current technical problems in California bass farming, such as uneven seedling quality and the difficulty of high-quality seedlings to meet breeding needs. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological and efficient breeding method for California sea bass seedlings. By providing a set of breeding methods from parent selection to overwintering cultivation, nutritional fortification and gonad ripening, to ecological reproduction, fertilized egg hatching and large-scale seedling cultivation, a high-quality seedling source is provided for California sea bass farming.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention provides an ecologically efficient breeding method for California bass fry, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Parent selection: Select male and female candidate California bass parents, and further select high-quality parents for seedling propagation after physical training in an industrial pond breeding system; the industrial pond breeding system is a breeding tank with a water flow velocity of 8-15 cm / s in the tank; Step 2: Winter intensive cultivation of parents: the high-quality parents screened in step 1 are transferred to an indoor temperature-controlled pool for winter cultivation; the water temperature of the temperature-controlled pool is 22±1°C, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the pool water is 5–8 mg / L; in the last 15-20 days of winter cultivation, the parents are nutritionally enhanced and their gonads are ripened by feeding animal feed and adjusting water flow; Step 3: Creating an ecological environment and breeding parents: Setting up an ecological breeding outdoor pond for breeding parents, transferring the parents after wintering in step 2 to the ecological breeding outdoor pond to allow them to spawn naturally; Step 4: Fertilized egg incubation: Collect fertilized eggs and incubate them under controlled conditions indoors; Step 5: Cultivate large-sized fry: In the indoor fry pond, cultivate the hatched fry into large-sized fish.

[0006] Furthermore, in step 1, in the breeding tank, the area ratio of the breeding area to the water purification area is 1:39-1:18, and the water depth is 1.5-1.8 m.

[0007] Furthermore, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the breeding tank is 5-8 mg / L, the transparency is 40-50 cm, the pH is 7.0-8.5, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.04 mg / L, and the parent stocking density is 5-10 tails / m 2 ; Parents were fed extruded feed with a protein content of 45–55% 2–3 times a day.

[0008] Furthermore, in step 2, the wall of the indoor breeding pond has an oblique water inlet; in the late wintering cultivation period, 5-10 days before the parents are transferred to the outdoor pond for ecological breeding, the oblique water inlet is opened to create a circular water flow in the pond, and the water flow speed is controlled at 15-20 cm / s to stimulate the maturation of the parent gonads.

[0009] Furthermore, in step 2, during the first stage of overwintering cultivation, an extruded feed with a protein content of 45-55% is fed 2-3 times a day for 70-80 days; In the second stage of overwintering, the fish are fed with animal feed mixed with fish, earthworms and snails and clams at a feeding rate of 2-3%. At the same time, 50%-55% of extruded feed is fed at a feeding rate of 2-3%. The feeding time of animal feed and extruded feed is staggered; feeding is continued for 15-20 days. Among them, the feeding rate refers to the percentage of feed amount to the total weight of the aquatic animals.

[0010] Furthermore, in step three, the size of the outdoor ecological breeding pond is 3-5 mu / mouth, the water depth of the pond is 0.5-1.0 m, aquatic plants are planted in the shallow water area near the pond, and a Roots blower is used to create a micro-water flow of 4-8 cm / s.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 4, artificial fish nests made of boiled and disinfected palm leaves are placed around the outdoor pond of the simulated ecological breeding room at a water depth of about 0.4-0.5 m. The artificial fish nests are placed at intervals of 1-1.5 m and fixed with bamboo strips or wires to prevent them from slipping. After the parents are fully in estrus, they lay eggs and ejaculate in the fish nests, and the fertilized eggs are attached to the artificial fish nests. The fish nests are checked every 20-24 hours, and the fish nests with fish eggs attached are collected in time.

[0012] Furthermore, the collected fish nests are disinfected and placed in hatching pools for incubation according to the collection batches. The fish nest collection time must be marked in each hatching pool, and the water temperature of the hatching pool is controlled at 22-24 °C and the dissolved oxygen is 5-8 mg / L. The fish nests are disinfected and soaked once every 24 hours, and the fish nests are shaken to allow unfertilized eggs to leave the nests until the fry have hatched. The fish nests are removed 10-12 hours after the fry have completely hatched.

[0013] Furthermore, in step five, the large-sized seedling cultivation method is: using Artemia nauplii as the starter bait; after feeding for 3-4 days, feeding rotifers instead, feeding 3-5 times a day; when the fry grow to about 1 cm, feeding large cladocerans such as Daphnia pulex 3 times a day; when the fry grow to about 2 cm, feeding water earthworms, feeding 3-5 times a day; taming the fry when the body is about 3 cm long, and feeding with compound feed after taming; during the cultivation period, large, medium and small fry are raised in different cement pools by screening through nets.

[0014] Furthermore, in step one, the selection criteria for the female and male candidate parents of California bass are: female weight is above 0.5 kg and male weight is above 0.6 kg.

[0015] Preferably, in step one, the criteria for further selecting parents for seedling propagation are: selecting individuals with strong physique, no injuries or deformities on the body surface.

[0016] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following specific beneficial effects: The present invention uses a pond industrialized breeding system to exercise the physical fitness of candidate parents of California bass, so that they are always in a state of swimming with top water, which can not only eliminate individuals with weak physique and injuries, but also enable the screened parents to discharge excess water and fat in the body, increase muscle strength, effectively enhance the physical fitness of the parents, and achieve the optimization of parents; secondly, through winter indoor cement pool overwintering cultivation, nutritional fortification and gonadal ripening, the parents can make full use of winter for gonadal development, so that their spawning time is significantly advanced; thirdly, the outdoor ecological breeding method can effectively reduce the cost investment of oxytocin and the like compared with artificial breeding, and can greatly reduce the labor intensity. Finally, by hatching fertilized eggs and cultivating large-scale seedlings under indoor controllable conditions, the hatching rate of fertilized eggs and the survival rate of seedlings can be significantly improved, thereby improving the seedling production efficiency. The ecological and efficient breeding method of California bass seedlings provided by the present invention will provide technical support for the efficient production of high-quality California bass seedlings, and it is also of great significance to promote the transformation and development of California bass breeding mode.

[0017] The present invention solves the technical problems of overwintering of California bass parents and stagnation of gonad development in winter in autumn and winter. Through temperature control and nutrient intensification cultivation technology, the gonads of the parents can be mature during the overwintering period, thereby advancing their spawning time, realizing early propagation of seedlings, and extending the growth time of the seedlings in the current year.

[0018] The invention can effectively avoid the harm of early spring cold wave and frost damage to early-propagated seedlings of California bass, and ensure the stable yield of seedlings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0020] Embodiment 1: The specific steps of the ecological and efficient breeding method for California bass fry are as follows: S1 parent selection

[0021] A batch of California bass was purchased in September 2022, and 1,000 males and females were selected as candidate parents for breeding. The average weight of females was 0.541 kg and the average weight of males was 0.616 kg.

[0022] The pond industrial breeding system for physical training of candidate parents is a rectangular breeding tank with a length-to-width ratio of 3:1, a breeding area and a water purification area ratio of 1:19, and a water depth of 1.5 m. The stocking density of candidate parents in the tank is 10 / m 2 , control the water flow rate in the tank at 10 cm / s, dissolved oxygen 5±1 mg / L, transparency 40 cm, pH maintained at 7.5, and ammonia nitrogen below 0.04 mg / L; feed extruded feed with 50% protein content twice a day.

[0023] After being raised until the end of October, the average weights of females and males were 0.663 kg and 0.717 kg, respectively. Among them, those with strong physique, no injuries or diseases on the body surface, intact scales and no deformities were selected as the preferred breeding parents.

[0024] S2 parent winter intensive cultivation At the end of October 2022, the selected breeding parents will be transferred to the indoor breeding pond for wintering. The breeding pond is a 5 m × 5 m square cement pond with an oblique water inlet on the wall. The breeding water is well water, which is heated by a boiler to control the water temperature at 22 ± 1 ° C. The fish are fed with extruded feed with a protein content of 50% twice a day. The residual bait and feces in the pond are removed in time to keep the water clean, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is controlled above 5 mg / L using a Roots blower.

[0025] Nutritional enhancement and ripening of S3 parent The parents were cultured in the wintering pond until early February 2023, and were fed with animal feed mixed with fish, earthworms and snail meat every morning and noon, with a feeding rate of 2%, and puffed feed with a protein content of 52% in the morning and afternoon, with a feeding rate of 2%, and continued to be fed until late February. Starting from February 25, the oblique water inlet in the wintering pond was opened to create a circular water flow in the pond, and the water flow speed was controlled at 15 cm / s to stimulate the maturation of the parent gonads.

[0026] S4 Simulated ecological environment construction and parent breeding An outdoor pond of 3 mu was selected as an ecological breeding pond. The average water depth in the pond was 0.6 m. Elodea was planted in the shallow water area beside the pond, and a Roots blower was used to create a micro-flow of 5 cm / s. On March 5, 2023, the breeding parents were transferred from the indoor wintering pond to the outdoor breeding pond.

[0027] Artificial fish nests made of boiled and sterilized palm leaves were placed around the ecological breeding pond at a depth of about 0.4-0.5 m. One nest was placed every 1.2 m and fixed with bamboo strips to prevent it from slipping. A total of 300 nests were placed. After the parents were fully estrus, they laid eggs and ejaculated in the nests, and the fertilized eggs attached to the artificial nests. The nests were checked every 20-24 hours, and the nests with eggs attached were collected in time.

[0028] S5 fertilized egg hatching Three batches of fish nests with fertilized eggs were collected on March 10, 11 and 12, respectively, and a total of 268 fish nests with fertilized eggs were collected. After the fish nests were collected, they were first placed in a disinfection pool containing 100 ppm formalin for 15 min to prevent Saprolegniasis. After disinfection, the fish nests were placed in hatching pools for hatching according to the three different collection batches. The fish nest collection time was marked in each hatching pool, and the water temperature of the hatching pool was controlled at 22 °C and the dissolved oxygen was above 6 mg / L. The fish nests were soaked in a disinfection pool containing 100 ppm formalin for 15 min every 24 h, and the fish nests were shaken to make the unfertilized eggs detach from the fish nests until the fry emerged. The fish nests were removed 10 h after the fry completely emerged.

[0029] The fish nests and hatching rates collected in each batch are shown in Table 1:

[0030] S6 large-scale seedling cultivation Starting from March 15, 500,000 water flower seedlings hatched on March 10 were randomly selected for large-scale seedling cultivation, and the seedling cultivation was carried out in indoor seedling cultivation pools. Artemia nauplii were used as the starter bait, and they were fed once in the morning and evening every day; starting from March 20, they were fed rotifers, and they were fed once in the morning, noon and evening every day; on March 26, the fry grew to about 1 cm, and they were fed with large cladocerans such as water fleas, and they were fed once in the morning, noon and evening every day; when the fry grew to about 2 cm, they were fed with water earthworms, and they were fed 3-5 times a day; when the body was about 3 cm long, they began to tame and feed, and then they were fed with compound feed. During the breeding period, large, medium and small fry were raised in different cement pools through net screening to avoid cannibalism and improve the survival rate of large-scale fish breeding. Finally, the breeding of large-sized fish species was completed on May 20, and a total of 161,000 large-sized fish species with a weight of 55 / kg were bred. The survival rate from water splashes to large-sized fish species was 32.2%.

[0031] Embodiment 2: The specific steps of the ecological and efficient breeding method for California bass fry are as follows: S1 parent selection

[0032] A batch of California bass was purchased in September 2022, and 1,000 males and females were selected as candidate parents for breeding. The average weight of females was 0.541 kg and the average weight of males was 0.616 kg.

[0033] The pond industrial breeding system for physical training of candidate parents is a rectangular breeding tank with a length-to-width ratio of 3:1, a breeding area and a water purification area ratio of 1:19, and a water depth of 1.5 m. The stocking density of candidate parents in the tank is 10 / m 2, control the water flow rate in the tank at 10 cm / s, dissolved oxygen 5±1 mg / L, transparency 40 cm, pH maintained at 7.5, and ammonia nitrogen below 0.04 mg / L; feed extruded feed with 50% protein content twice a day.

[0034] After being raised until the end of October, the average weights of females and males were 0.663 kg and 0.717 kg, respectively. Among them, those with strong physique, no injuries or diseases on the body surface, intact scales and no deformities were selected as the preferred breeding parents.

[0035] S2 parent winter intensive cultivation At the end of October 2022, the selected breeding parents will be transferred to the indoor breeding pond for wintering. The breeding pond is a circular cement pond with a diameter of 8 m, with a tangential water inlet on the wall. The breeding water is well water, which is heated by a boiler to control the water temperature at 22±1 °C. The fish are fed with extruded feed with a protein content of 50% three times a day, and the residual bait and feces in the pond are removed in time to keep the water clean. The dissolved oxygen in the water is controlled above 5 mg / L using a Roots blower.

[0036] Nutritional enhancement and ripening of S3 parent The parents were cultured in the wintering pond until early February 2023, and were fed with animal feed mixed with fish, earthworms and snail meat every morning and noon, with a feeding rate of 3%, and puffed feed with a protein content of 52% in the morning and afternoon, with a feeding rate of 3%, and continued to be fed until late February. Starting from February 25, the tangential water inlet in the wintering pond was opened to create a circular water flow in the pond, and the water flow speed was controlled at 18 cm / s to stimulate the maturation of the parent gonads.

[0037] S4 Simulated ecological environment construction and parent breeding An outdoor pond of 5 mu was selected as an ecological breeding pond. The average water depth in the pond was 0.5 m. Elodea was planted in the shallow water area beside the pond, and a Roots blower was used to create a micro-flow of 8 cm / s. On March 5, 2023, the breeding parents were transferred from the indoor wintering pond to the outdoor breeding pond.

[0038] Artificial fish nests made of boiled and sterilized palm leaves were placed around the ecological breeding pond at a depth of about 0.4–0.5 m. One nest was placed every 1.5 m and fixed with bamboo strips to prevent it from slipping. A total of 500 nests were placed. After the parents were fully estrus, they laid eggs and ejaculated in the nests, and the fertilized eggs attached to the artificial nests. The nests were checked every 20–24 h, and the nests with eggs attached were collected in time.

[0039] S5 fertilized egg hatching Four batches of fish nests with fertilized eggs were collected on March 7, March 8, March 9, and March 10, respectively, and a total of 451 fish nests with fertilized eggs were collected. After the fish nests were collected, they were first placed in a disinfection pool containing 120 ppm formalin for 20 min to prevent Saprolegniasis. After disinfection, the fish nests were placed in hatching pools for hatching according to the four different collection batches. The fish nest collection time was marked in each hatching pool, and the water temperature of the hatching pool was controlled at 22 °C and the dissolved oxygen was above 5 mg / L. Every 24 h, the fish nests were soaked in a disinfection pool containing 120 ppm formalin for 15 min, and the fish nests were shaken to make the unfertilized eggs detach from the fish nests until the fry emerged. The fish nests were removed 12 h after the fry completely emerged.

[0040] The fish nests and hatching rates collected in each batch are shown in Table 2:

[0041] S6 large-scale seedling cultivation Starting from March 12, 600,000 water flower seedlings hatched on March 7 were randomly selected for large-scale seedling cultivation, and the seedling cultivation was carried out in indoor seedling cultivation pools. Artemia nauplii were used as the starter bait, and they were fed once in the morning and evening every day; starting from March 17, they were fed rotifers, and they were fed once in the morning, noon and evening every day; on March 22, the fry grew to about 1 cm, and they were fed with large cladocerans such as water fleas, and they were fed once in the morning, noon and evening every day; when the fry grew to about 2 cm, they were fed with water earthworms, and they were fed 3-5 times a day; when the body was about 3 cm long, they began to tame and feed, and then they were fed with compound feed. During the breeding period, large, medium and small fry were raised in different cement pools through netting to avoid cannibalism and improve the survival rate of large-scale fish breeding. Finally, the breeding of large-sized fish species was completed on May 16, and a total of 189,000 large-sized fish species with a weight of 52 / kg were bred. The survival rate from water splashes to large-sized fish species was 31.5%.

[0042] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with the technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent transformation or modification made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently breeding California bass fry by simulating ecology, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Parent selection: Select male and female candidate parents of California bass, and further select high-quality parents for seedling propagation after physical training in an industrial pond breeding system; the industrial pond breeding system is a breeding tank with a water flow rate of 8-15 cm / s in the tank; Step 2: Winter intensive cultivation of parents: the high-quality parents screened in step 1 are transferred to an indoor temperature-controlled pool for winter cultivation; the water temperature of the temperature-controlled pool is 22±1°C, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the pool water is 5–8 mg / L; in the last 15-20 days of winter cultivation, the parents are nutritionally enhanced and their gonads are ripened by feeding animal feed and adjusting water flow; Step 3: Creating an ecological environment and breeding parents: Setting up an ecological breeding outdoor pond for breeding parents, transferring the parents after wintering in step 2 to the ecological breeding outdoor pond to allow them to spawn naturally; Step 4: Fertilized egg incubation: Collect fertilized eggs and incubate them under controlled conditions indoors; Step 5: Cultivate large-sized fry: In the indoor fry pond, cultivate the hatched fry into large-sized fish.

2. The eco-friendly and efficient breeding method for California bass fry according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, in the breeding tank, the area ratio of the breeding area to the water purification area is 1:39-1:18, and the water depth is 1.5-1.8 m.

3. The eco-friendly and efficient breeding method for California bass fry according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture tank is 5-8 mg / L, the transparency is 40-50 cm, the pH is 7.0-8.5, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.04 mg / L, and the parent stocking density is 5-10 tails / m 2 ; Parents were fed extruded feed with a protein content of 45–55% 2–3 times a day.

4. The eco-friendly and efficient breeding method for California bass fry according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the wall of the indoor breeding pond is provided with an oblique water inlet; in the late stage of overwintering cultivation, 5-10 days before the parents are transferred to the outdoor pond for ecological breeding, the oblique water inlet is opened to create a circular water flow in the pond, and the water flow speed is controlled at 15-20 cm / s to stimulate the maturation of the parent gonads.

5. The eco-friendly and efficient breeding method for California bass fry according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, during the first stage of overwintering, feed the pigs with extruded feed containing 45–55% protein 2–3 times a day for 70–80 days; In the second stage of overwintering cultivation, animal feed mixed with miscellaneous fish, earthworms and snail and clam meat is fed at a feeding rate of 2-3%. At the same time, 50%-55% puffed feed is fed at a feeding rate of 2-3%. The feeding time of animal feed and puffed feed is staggered; feeding is continued for 15-20 days.

6. The eco-friendly and efficient breeding method for California bass fry according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the size of the outdoor ecological breeding pond is 3-5 mu / mouth, the water depth is 0.5-1.0 m, aquatic plants are planted in the shallow water area near the pond, and a Roots blower is used to create a micro-water flow of 4-8 cm / s.

7. The eco-friendly and efficient breeding method for California bass fry according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, artificial fish nests made of boiled and disinfected palm leaves are placed around the outdoor pond of the simulated ecological breeding room at a water depth of about 0.4-0.5 m. The artificial fish nests are placed at intervals of 1-1.5 m and fixed with bamboo strips or wires to prevent them from slipping. After the parents are fully in estrus, they lay eggs and ejaculate in the fish nests, and the fertilized eggs are attached to the artificial fish nests. The fish nests are checked every 20-24 hours, and the fish nests with eggs attached are collected in time.

8. The eco-friendly and efficient breeding method for California bass fry according to claim 7, characterized in that: After the collected fish nests are disinfected, they are placed in hatching pools for incubation according to the collection batches. The fish nest collection time must be marked in each hatching pool, and the water temperature of the hatching pool must be controlled at 22-24 °C and the dissolved oxygen at 5-8 mg / L. The fish nests must be disinfected and soaked once every 24 hours, and the fish nests must be shaken to allow unfertilized eggs to detach from the nests until the fry have hatched. The fish nests should be removed 10-12 hours after the fry have completely hatched.

9. The eco-friendly and efficient breeding method for California bass fry according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step five, the large-sized seedling cultivation method is as follows: using Artemia nauplii as the starter bait; after feeding for 3-4 days, feeding rotifers instead, feeding 3-5 times a day; when the fry grows to about 1 cm, feeding large cladocerans such as Daphnia pulex 3 times a day; when the fry grows to about 2 cm, feeding water earthworms, feeding 3-5 times a day; taming the fry when the body is about 3 cm long, and feeding with compound feed after taming; during the cultivation period, large, medium and small fry are raised in different cement pools by screening through a net.

10. The eco-friendly and efficient breeding method for California bass fry according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: In step 1, the selection criteria for the female and male candidate parents of California bass are: female weight is above 0.5 kg and male weight is above 0.6 kg.

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