Crankshaft finish machining device and machining method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a crankshaft finish machining device and a machining method thereof, and relates to the technical field of crankshaft machining. Comprising a bottom plate, a left side plate is fixedly arranged on the left side of the top face of the bottom plate, and a fixing cylinder is inserted into the top of the left side plate; three U-shaped clamping jaws are arranged on the right side surface of the fixed cylinder; a right side plate is fixedly arranged on the right side of the top face of the bottom plate, a fixed sleeve is fixedly arranged on the top of the left side face of the right side plate, an interlayer sleeve is slidably inserted into an outer port of the fixed sleeve, and an inner sleeve is slidably inserted into an outer port of the interlayer sleeve. A center shaft is rotationally inserted into the outer end of the inner sleeve, a conical head is fixedly arranged at the outer end of the center shaft, and the conical head and the fixing cylinder correspond to each other in the same axis. The machining precision and efficiency can be improved, machining errors are reduced, the more stable machining process is achieved, the clamping frequency and the machining time are effectively reduced, and meanwhile the consistency and reliability of the machining precision are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crankshaft machining, and in particular to a crankshaft finishing device and a machining method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of mechanical processing, crankshafts are a key component that is widely used in various industries such as automobiles, ships, and aviation. However, in the field of crankshaft processing, the design of finishing equipment is crucial to ensure the high quality and consistency of the product.

[0003] Crankshaft finishing equipment often has limitations in processing accuracy and consistency. Due to structural design restrictions, it is difficult to achieve high-precision grinding and polishing; vibration is easily generated during the processing, resulting in difficulty in achieving the ideal level of surface roughness.

[0004] In addition, traditional methods often require multiple processes and multiple clamping, resulting in low processing efficiency. At the same time, errors are prone to accumulation during the processing, affecting processing accuracy. In addition, long-term processing and multiple clamping will also have a significant impact on the stability of the equipment and increase operation and maintenance costs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a crankshaft finishing device and a machining method thereof.

[0006] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a crankshaft finishing device, comprising a bottom plate, a left side plate vertically arranged on the left side of the top surface of the bottom plate, a circular through hole opened on the top of the left side plate, a concentrically arranged fixed rotating ring rotatably engaged inside the circular through hole, a fixed cylinder fixedly inserted inside the fixed rotating ring; The right side of the fixed cylinder is provided with three circularly distributed T-shaped slots, each of which is slidably engaged with a T-shaped slide plate, and the right side of each T-shaped slide plate is fixed with a vertically distributed U-shaped channel steel; A driven pin is rotatably inserted in the opening of each U-shaped channel steel, a U-shaped clamp is fixedly provided in the middle of each driven pin, a tension spring is fixedly provided at the inner end of each U-shaped clamp, and one end of each tension spring away from the U-shaped clamp is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped channel steel; A right side plate vertically distributed is fixedly arranged on the right side of the top surface of the bottom plate, a fixed sleeve is fixedly arranged on the top of the left side surface of the right side plate, an interlayer sleeve is slidably inserted into the outer port of the fixed sleeve, and an inner sleeve is slidably inserted into the outer port of the interlayer sleeve; A central shaft is rotatably inserted into the outer end of the inner sleeve, and a conical head is fixedly arranged at the outer end of the central shaft. The conical head and the fixed tube correspond to the same axial center line.

[0007] Preferably, an annular groove is provided at the right end portion of the fixed cylinder, and the annular groove is interlinked with three T-shaped slide grooves. A fixing ring is rotatably engaged inside the annular groove, and a vortex line is fixed on the right side surface of the fixing ring. A number of evenly distributed vortex line notches are provided on the left side surface of each T-shaped slide plate, and the vortex line is slidably engaged in the number of vortex line notches.

[0008] Preferably, an inner cylinder is rotatably engaged on the right side of the fixed cylinder, the right end of the inner cylinder is concentrically fixedly connected to the left side of the fixed ring, and a concentrically distributed internal gear ring is fixedly disposed in the left port of the inner cylinder; Three circularly distributed linkage shafts are rotatably inserted into the left side wall of the fixed cylinder, and the right end of each linkage shaft is sleeved with a concentrically fixed linkage gear, and each linkage gear is meshed and connected with the internal gear ring.

[0009] Preferably, a square through hole is opened in the middle of the left side wall of the fixed cylinder, and a second motor with the output end facing inward is installed inside the square through hole. A second driving shaft is fixed to the end of the motor shaft of the second motor, and a concentrically fixed driving gear is sleeved on the right end of the second driving shaft. The driving gear is meshed and connected with three linkage gears in sequence.

[0010] Preferably, the left end of the fixed cylinder is sleeved with a concentrically fixed outer gear ring, the middle of the left side surface of the left side plate is rotatably inserted with a second connecting shaft, the left end of the second connecting shaft is sleeved with a concentrically fixed second gear, and the second gear is meshedly connected with the outer gear ring; The middle part of the second connecting shaft is sleeved with a concentrically fixed large diameter gear, the bottom of the left side surface of the left side plate is rotatably inserted with a first connecting shaft, the middle part of the first connecting shaft is sleeved with a concentrically fixed first gear, and the first gear is meshed with the large diameter gear.

[0011] Preferably, the left end portion of the first connecting shaft is sleeved with a concentrically fixed worm wheel, and a fixed ear seat and a rectangular frame are respectively fixed in the middle of the left side of the top surface of the base plate, and a first motor with an output end facing backward is installed inside the rectangular frame, a first driving shaft is fixed to the end of the motor shaft of the first motor, and the rear end of the first driving shaft is rotatably inserted on the fixed ear seat, and a concentrically fixed hollow worm is sleeved on the middle section of the first driving shaft, and the hollow worm is meshingly connected with the worm wheel.

[0012] Preferably, a plurality of circularly distributed first slide grooves are formed on the inner annular surface of the fixed sleeve, and a plurality of circularly distributed first slide rails are fixed on the outer surface of the sandwich sleeve, and each of the first slide rails is slidably engaged in the corresponding first slide groove; A plurality of second slide grooves distributed in a circular shape are formed on the inner annular surface of the interlayer sleeve, and a plurality of second slide rails distributed in a circular shape are fixedly formed on the outer surface of the inner sleeve, and each of the second slide rails is slidably engaged in the corresponding second slide groove.

[0013] Preferably, a concentrically distributed T-threaded barrel is fixed in the inner port of the interlayer sleeve, a square groove is opened at the top of the right side surface of the right side plate, a third motor is installed inside the square groove, the motor shaft of the third motor rotates and passes through the right side plate and is fixed with a fixed screw, the outer end portion of the fixed screw is spirally inserted into the T-threaded barrel, and a pair of third sliding grooves are opened on the outer surface of the fixed screw.

[0014] Preferably, a hollow swivel is rotatably sleeved on the outer end of the T-shaped threaded barrel, a concentrically distributed internal threaded ring is fixedly provided on the inner port of the inner sleeve, a spirally distributed hollow lead screw is inserted into the internal threaded ring, the inner end of the hollow lead screw is through-connected and fixedly connected to the hollow swivel, a pair of third slide rails are fixedly provided on the inner ring surface of the hollow lead screw, the outer end of the fixed lead screw is slidably inserted in the hollow lead screw, and each third slide rail is slidably engaged in the corresponding third slide groove.

[0015] The present invention also provides a processing method of a crankshaft finishing device, using the above crankshaft finishing device, comprising the following steps: Step 1: When machining the crankshaft, place one end of the crankshaft in the middle of the right side of the fixed cylinder. Under the driving action of the second motor, the motor shaft of the second motor drives the second drive shaft and the drive gear to rotate synchronously. The drive gear meshes to drive the linkage gear and the linkage shaft to rotate. The linkage gear then meshes to drive the inner gear ring, the inner cylinder, and the fixed ring to rotate. The spiral lines on the fixed ring and the spiral line notches on the T-shaped slide plate form a limiting effect, driving the T-shaped slide plate and the U-shaped channel steel to slide inward along the T-shaped slide groove, first driving the inner end of the U-shaped clamping jaw to rest against the crankshaft, and then driving the U-shaped clamping jaw to swing inward along the driven pin shaft and compress the tension spring, and then driving the outer end of the U-shaped clamping jaw to rest against the crankshaft, so that the three U-shaped clamping jaws can clamp and fix one end of the crankshaft; Step 2: Under the driving action of the third motor, the motor shaft of the third motor rotates synchronously with the fixed screw, and under the action of the fixed screw and the thread of the T-shaped threaded barrel, the first slide rail on the interlayer sleeve is driven to slide outward along the first slide groove on the fixed sleeve, and the interlayer sleeve is synchronously driven to extend outward along the fixed sleeve; Under the sliding action formed by the third slide rail on the hollow lead screw and the third slide groove on the fixed lead screw, the fixed lead screw drives the hollow lead screw and the hollow rotating ring to rotate along the T-shaped threaded cylinder, and under the thread action of the hollow lead screw and the internal threaded ring, drives the second slide rail on the inner sleeve to slide outward along the second slide groove on the sandwich sleeve, synchronously drives the inner sleeve to extend outward along the sandwich sleeve, and drives the tapered head to abut against the other end of the crankshaft; Step 3: Under the driving action of the first motor, the motor shaft of the first motor drives the first drive shaft and the hollow worm to rotate, and the hollow worm meshes to drive the worm wheel, the first connecting shaft, and the first gear to rotate; The first gear meshes again to drive the large diameter gear, the second connecting shaft, and the second gear to rotate. The second gear meshes again to drive the outer gear ring, the fixed cylinder, and the fixed swivel to rotate along the circular through hole at a low speed, synchronously driving the crankshaft, the tapered head, and the center shaft to rotate at a low speed, and performing subsequent finishing operations on the crankshaft.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. In the present invention, the operator only needs to insert the crankshaft end into the fixture, and then clamp it through simple operations. Compared with the clamping of complex fixtures, it can save about 30%-40% of the clamping time, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the processing. In addition, since the circular clamping can ensure the stability and accuracy during the processing, the rework caused by processing quality problems is reduced; This clamping method has good versatility for crankshafts of different sizes and specifications. As long as the size of the cylindrical part of the crankshaft end meets the clamping range of the fixture, it can be clamped and processed without frequent replacement of the fixture, further reducing the clamping time; 2. In the present invention, when batch processing of crankshafts, coaxial positioning can ensure the consistency of the processing position and state of each crankshaft; After machining is completed, the inspection personnel can quickly determine whether the machining position of the crankshaft is accurate and whether each machining surface meets the design requirements through coaxial positioning. For crankshafts that need subsequent machining or correction, coaxial positioning can also help determine the direction and amplitude of adjustment. 3. In the present invention, when the crankshaft rotates at a suitable low speed, the marks left by the cutting tool on its surface are more uniform and delicate. Since the cutting force is small and stable under low speed rotation, the damage to the crankshaft surface is also reduced; In the case of low-speed rotation, the relative movement speed between the tool and the crankshaft is slow, and the cutting force is relatively small, which significantly reduces the wear rate of the tool. Because the cutting force and cutting heat change less, the tool will not be frequently affected by impact and thermal stress, ensuring that the tool works in a relatively stable state and extending the overall service life of the tool; In summary, the present invention can improve processing accuracy and efficiency, reduce processing errors, and reduce the operation and maintenance costs of equipment, thereby achieving a more stable processing process, effectively reducing the number of clamping times and processing time, and also ensuring the consistency and reliability of processing accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the left side plate and the fixing cylinder in the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Explosion diagram of Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing tube and three U-shaped channel steels in the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cross-section explosion; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the right side plate and the fixed sleeve in the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cross-section explosion; Serial numbers in the figure: 1, bottom plate; 11, left side plate; 12, fixed swivel; 13, fixed cylinder; 14, outer gear ring; 15, T-type slide plate; 16, U-shaped channel steel; 17, driven pin shaft; 18, U-shaped clamping claw; 19, tension spring; 2, first motor; 21, fixed ear seat; 22, first drive shaft; 23, hollow worm; 24, first connecting shaft; 25, first gear; 26, worm wheel; 27, second connecting shaft; 28, second gear; 29, large diameter gear; 3, second motor; 3 1. Second drive shaft; 32. Drive gear; 33. Linkage shaft; 34. Linkage gear; 35. Inner cylinder; 36. Fixed ring; 37. Internal gear ring; 4. Right side plate; 41. Fixed sleeve; 42. Interlayer sleeve; 43. First slide rail; 44. Inner sleeve; 45. Second slide rail; 46. Center shaft; 47. Conical head; 5. Third motor; 51. Fixed screw; 52. T-thread cylinder; 53. Hollow swivel; 54. Hollow screw; 55. Third slide rail; 56. Internal thread ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0019] Embodiment 1: This embodiment provides a crankshaft finishing device, see Figure 1-8 , comprising a bottom plate 1, a left side plate 11 vertically arranged on the left side of the top surface of the bottom plate 1, a circular through hole is opened on the top of the left side plate 11, a fixed swivel 12 concentrically arranged is rotatably engaged inside the circular through hole, and a fixed cylinder 13 is fixedly inserted inside the fixed swivel 12; Three circularly distributed T-shaped slots are provided on the right side of the fixed cylinder 13, and a T-shaped slide plate 15 is slidably engaged inside each T-shaped slot, and a vertically distributed U-shaped channel steel 16 is fixed on the right side of each T-shaped slide plate 15; A driven pin 17 is rotatably inserted in the opening of each U-shaped channel steel 16, a U-shaped clamping claw 18 is fixedly arranged in the middle of each driven pin 17, a tension spring 19 is fixedly arranged at the inner end of each U-shaped clamping claw 18, and one end of each tension spring 19 away from the U-shaped clamping claw 18 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped channel steel 16; When in use, the inner end of the U-shaped clamp 18 can be driven to abut against the crankshaft first, and then the U-shaped clamp 18 can be driven to swing inward along the driven pin 17 and compress the tension spring 19, and then the outer end of the U-shaped clamp 18 can be driven to abut against the crankshaft, so that the three U-shaped clamps 18 can form a circular clamping and fixing on one end of the crankshaft; A right side plate 4 is fixedly disposed vertically on the right side of the top surface of the bottom plate 1, a fixed sleeve 41 is fixedly disposed on the top of the left side surface of the right side plate 4, an interlayer sleeve 42 is slidably inserted into the outer end of the fixed sleeve 41, and an inner sleeve 44 is slidably inserted into the outer end of the interlayer sleeve 42; A central shaft 46 is rotatably inserted into the outer end of the inner sleeve 44 , and a conical head 47 is fixedly disposed at the outer end of the central shaft 46 . The conical head 47 corresponds to the same axial line as the fixed cylinder 13 , and is used to press against the center of the other end of the crankshaft.

[0020] Embodiment 2: Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment also includes the following contents: like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, an annular groove is provided at the right end of the fixed cylinder 13, and the annular groove is interlinked with the three T-shaped slide grooves. A fixing ring 36 is rotatably engaged inside the annular groove. A vortex line is fixed on the right side of the fixing ring 36. A plurality of evenly distributed vortex line notches are provided on the left side of each T-shaped slide plate 15. The vortex line is slidably engaged in the plurality of vortex line notches. The vortex line on the fixing ring 36 and the vortex line notches on the T-shaped slide plate 15 form a limiting effect, which can drive the T-shaped slide plate 15 and the U-shaped channel steel 16 to slide inward along the T-shaped slide groove. An inner cylinder 35 is rotatably engaged with the right side of the fixed cylinder 13. The right end of the inner cylinder 35 is concentrically fixed to the left side of the fixed ring 36. A concentrically distributed internal gear ring 37 is fixed in the left end of the inner cylinder 35. Three circularly distributed linkage shafts 33 are rotatably inserted into the left side wall of the fixed cylinder 13. The right end of each linkage shaft 33 is sleeved with a concentrically fixed linkage gear 34. Each linkage gear 34 is meshed with an internal gear ring 37. The linkage gear 34 can mesh and drive the internal gear ring 37, the inner cylinder 35, and the fixed ring 36 to rotate. A square through hole is provided in the middle of the left side wall of the fixed cylinder 13, and a second motor 3 with an output end facing inward is installed inside the square through hole. A second driving shaft 31 is fixedly provided at the motor shaft end of the second motor 3, and a concentrically fixed driving gear 32 is sleeved on the right end of the second driving shaft 31. The motor shaft of the second motor 3 can drive the second driving shaft 31 and the driving gear 32 to rotate synchronously, and the driving gear 32 is meshed and connected with three linkage gears 34 in sequence, and the driving gear 32 can mesh and drive the linkage gear 34 and the linkage shaft 33 to rotate; During the finishing process of the crankshaft, the circular clamping can provide a good centering effect, because the fixture formed by the circular clamping can fit closely with the cylindrical surface of the crankshaft end, thus ensuring that the center position of the crankshaft after clamping is relatively fixed and accurate; For crankshafts with multiple machining surfaces and high position accuracy requirements, this fixing method can effectively ensure the position accuracy between each machining surface. The circular clamping can evenly apply the clamping force. Since the clamp and the crankshaft end are in circumferential contact, the clamping force can be evenly distributed on the contact surface, avoiding deformation of the crankshaft due to excessive local force. The circular clamp can provide better rigid support. The crankshaft is prone to vibration during machining, especially when high-speed cutting or large cutting amount is used. The circular clamp fits the end of the crankshaft tightly, making the support of the crankshaft during machining more stable. This stable clamping method can also reduce tool wear, because vibration will cause unstable cutting force between the tool and the workpiece, and frequent impact will accelerate tool wear; after reducing vibration through circular clamping, the tool life can be increased by about 30%-50%, reducing processing costs; Circular clamping can prevent the crankshaft from shifting during machining. When machining crankshafts of complex shapes, such as those with eccentric journals, accurate position maintenance is crucial. Circular clamping uses its circumferential friction and positioning accuracy to ensure that the crankshaft will not produce translational or rotational displacement under the action of cutting force.

[0021] Embodiment 3: Based on Embodiment 2, this embodiment also includes the following contents: like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the left end of the fixed cylinder 13 is sleeved with a concentrically fixed outer gear ring 14, and the middle part of the left side surface of the left side plate 11 is rotatably inserted with a second connecting shaft 27. The left end of the second connecting shaft 27 is sleeved with a concentrically fixed second gear 28, and the second gear 28 is meshed and connected with the outer gear ring 14. The second gear 28 can mesh and drive the outer gear ring 14, the fixed cylinder 13, and the fixed rotating ring 12 to rotate at a low speed along the circular through hole, and synchronously drive the crankshaft, the cone head 47 and the center shaft 46 to rotate at a low speed; A concentrically fixed large-diameter gear 29 is sleeved on the middle of the second connecting shaft 27. A first connecting shaft 24 is rotatably inserted on the bottom of the left side surface of the left side plate 11. A concentrically fixed first gear 25 is sleeved on the middle of the first connecting shaft 24. The first gear 25 is meshed with the large-diameter gear 29. The first gear 25 can mesh and drive the large-diameter gear 29, the second connecting shaft 27, and the second gear 28 to rotate. The left end of the first connecting shaft 24 is sleeved with a concentrically fixed worm wheel 26, and the middle of the left side of the top surface of the bottom plate 1 is respectively fixed with a fixed ear seat 21 and a rectangular frame, and the first motor 2 with the output end facing backward is installed inside the rectangular frame, and the motor shaft end of the first motor 2 is fixed with a first drive shaft 22, and the rear end of the first drive shaft 22 is rotatably inserted on the fixed ear seat 21, and the middle section of the first drive shaft 22 is sleeved with a concentrically fixed hollow worm 23, and the motor shaft of the first motor 2 can drive the first drive shaft 22 and the hollow worm 23 to rotate, and the hollow worm 23 is meshed with the worm wheel 26, and the hollow worm 23 can mesh and drive the worm wheel 26, the first connecting shaft 24, and the first gear 25 to rotate; During the finishing process of the crankshaft, the crankshaft rotates at a low speed, which enables the cutting tool to evenly cut the crankshaft surface; when the crankshaft rotates at a low and uniform speed, the tool gradually cuts along the circumference of the journal, and the cutting depth and feed rate at each point are relatively more uniform; this uniform cutting helps to reduce the shape error of the machined surface and make the cylindricity of the journal higher; For some high-precision surface processing, lower speed allows operators or automated equipment to better adjust cutting parameters; because at low speed, the cutting force is relatively small and changes more slowly, which can more accurately control the grinding depth and feed speed, avoiding surface quality problems caused by sudden changes in cutting force; In addition, the low-speed rotation of the crankshaft helps to reduce the vibration of the crankshaft during the processing. Due to the low speed, the centrifugal force of the crankshaft itself is small, and it is not easy to produce large vibrations due to factors such as imbalance during the cutting process; at the same time, under low-speed rotation, the frequency of periodic changes in cutting force is low, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of resonance. During low-speed rotation, the direction of the cutting force is relatively stable. Because the crankshaft rotates slowly, the contact point position between the cutting tool and the crankshaft surface changes relatively slowly, which makes the decomposition of the cutting force in all directions more stable.

[0022] Embodiment 4: Based on Embodiment 3, this embodiment also includes the following contents: like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, a plurality of circularly distributed first slide grooves are provided on the inner annular surface of the fixed sleeve 41, and a plurality of circularly distributed first slide rails 43 are fixed on the outer surface of the interlayer sleeve 42, each of the first slide rails 43 is slidably engaged in the corresponding first slide groove, and the first slide rails 43 on the interlayer sleeve 42 can slide along the first slide grooves on the fixed sleeve 41; A plurality of circularly distributed second slide grooves are provided on the inner annular surface of the interlayer sleeve 42, and a plurality of circularly distributed second slide rails 45 are fixedly provided on the outer surface of the inner sleeve 44. Each second slide rail 45 is slidably engaged in the corresponding second slide groove, and the second slide rail 45 on the inner sleeve 44 can slide along the second slide groove on the interlayer sleeve 42; A concentrically distributed T-shaped threaded cylinder 52 is fixedly arranged in the inner port of the sandwich sleeve 42, a square groove is provided at the top of the right side surface of the right side plate 4, a third motor 5 is installed inside the square groove, the motor shaft of the third motor 5 rotates through the right side plate 4 and is fixed with a fixed lead screw 51, the motor shaft of the third motor 5 can drive the fixed lead screw 51 to rotate synchronously, the outer end of the fixed lead screw 51 is spirally inserted into the T-shaped threaded cylinder 52, a pair of third sliding grooves are provided on the outer surface of the fixed lead screw 51, under the action of the threads of the fixed lead screw 51 and the T-shaped threaded cylinder 52, the sandwich sleeve 42 can be driven to extend outward along the fixed sleeve 41; The outer end of the T-shaped threaded barrel 52 is rotatably sleeved with a hollow swivel ring 53, and the inner end of the inner sleeve 44 is fixedly provided with a concentrically distributed internal threaded ring 56, and a spirally distributed hollow lead screw 54 is inserted into the internal threaded ring 56. Under the action of the threads of the hollow lead screw 54 and the internal threaded ring 56, the inner sleeve 44 can be driven to extend outward along the sandwich sleeve 42, and the inner end of the hollow lead screw 54 is through-connected and fixedly connected with the hollow swivel ring 53. A pair of third slide rails 55 are fixedly provided on the inner ring surface of the hollow lead screw 54, and the outer end of the fixed lead screw 51 is slidably inserted in the hollow lead screw 54, and each third slide rail 55 is slidably engaged in the corresponding third slide groove. Since the third slide rail 55 on the hollow lead screw 54 and the third slide groove on the fixed lead screw 51 form a sliding action, the fixed lead screw 51 can drive the hollow lead screw 54 and the hollow swivel ring 53 to rotate along the T-shaped threaded barrel 52; In the finishing of the crankshaft, pressing against the center of the other end of the crankshaft helps to achieve more accurate coaxial positioning of the crankshaft. When one end of the crankshaft has been circularly clamped and fixed, pressing against the center of the other end of the crankshaft can ensure that the axis of the entire crankshaft is in the ideal processing position; Coaxial positioning can enhance the stability of the crankshaft during machining. During machining, the cutting force may cause the crankshaft to produce a slight displacement or vibration. Coaxial positioning is equivalent to providing additional support for the crankshaft in the axial direction. This enhanced stability helps to improve the quality of the crankshaft machined surface. The stable machining state can reduce surface roughness. In some machining processes with high surface quality requirements, this operation can ensure machining stability, reduce surface roughness, and obtain a smoother machined surface to meet the requirements of high-precision matching.

[0023] Specifically, the working principle and operation method of the present invention are as follows: Step 1: When machining the crankshaft, place one end of the crankshaft in the middle of the right side of the fixed cylinder 13. Under the driving action of the second motor 3, the motor shaft of the second motor 3 drives the second drive shaft 31 and the drive gear 32 to rotate synchronously. The drive gear 32 meshes to drive the linkage gear 34 and the linkage shaft 33 to rotate. The linkage gear 34 then meshes to drive the inner gear ring 37, the inner cylinder 35, and the fixed ring 36 to rotate. The spiral lines on the fixing ring 36 and the spiral line notches on the T-shaped slide plate 15 form a limiting effect, driving the T-shaped slide plate 15 and the U-shaped channel steel 16 to slide inward along the T-shaped slide groove, first driving the inner end of the U-shaped clamping jaw 18 to abut against the crankshaft, and then driving the U-shaped clamping jaw 18 to swing inward along the driven pin shaft 17 and compress the tension spring 19, and then driving the outer end of the U-shaped clamping jaw 18 to abut against the crankshaft, so that the three U-shaped clamping jaws 18 clamp and fix one end of the crankshaft; Step 2: Under the driving action of the third motor 5, the motor shaft of the third motor 5 drives the fixed screw 51 to rotate synchronously, and under the action of the threads of the fixed screw 51 and the T-shaped threaded cylinder 52, the first slide rail 43 on the interlayer sleeve 42 slides outward along the first slide groove on the fixed sleeve 41, and the interlayer sleeve 42 is synchronously driven to extend outward along the fixed sleeve 41; Under the sliding action formed by the third slide rail 55 on the hollow screw 54 and the third slide groove on the fixed screw 51, the fixed screw 51 drives the hollow screw 54 and the hollow rotating ring 53 to rotate along the T-shaped threaded tube 52, and under the thread action of the hollow screw 54 and the internal threaded ring 56, the second slide rail 45 on the inner sleeve 44 is driven to slide outward along the second slide groove on the sandwich sleeve 42, and the inner sleeve 44 is simultaneously driven to extend outward along the sandwich sleeve 42, and the conical head 47 is driven to press against the center of the other end of the crankshaft; Step 3: Under the driving action of the first motor 2, the motor shaft of the first motor 2 drives the first driving shaft 22 and the hollow worm 23 to rotate, and the hollow worm 23 meshes and drives the worm wheel 26, the first connecting shaft 24, and the first gear 25 to rotate; The first gear 25 then meshes to drive the large diameter gear 29, the second connecting shaft 27, and the second gear 28 to rotate. The second gear 28 then meshes to drive the outer gear ring 14, the fixed cylinder 13, and the fixed rotating ring 12 to rotate along the circular through hole at a low speed, synchronously driving the crankshaft, the tapered head 47 and the center shaft 46 to rotate at a low speed, and performing subsequent finishing operations on the crankshaft.

[0024] The present invention can improve machining accuracy and efficiency, reduce machining errors, and reduce the operation and maintenance costs of equipment, thereby achieving a more stable machining process, effectively reducing the number of clamping times and machining time, and also ensuring the consistency and reliability of machining accuracy.

[0025] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crankshaft finishing device, characterized in that: It comprises a bottom plate (1), a left side plate (11) vertically arranged on the left side of the top surface of the bottom plate (1), a circular through hole is opened on the top of the left side plate (11), a concentrically arranged fixed swivel (12) is rotatably engaged inside the circular through hole, and a fixed cylinder (13) is fixedly inserted inside the fixed swivel (12); The right side surface of the fixed cylinder (13) is provided with three circularly distributed T-shaped slide grooves, each of which has a T-shaped slide plate (15) slidably engaged therein, and the right side surface of each T-shaped slide plate (15) is fixedly provided with a vertically distributed U-shaped channel steel (16); A driven pin shaft (17) is rotatably inserted into the opening of each U-shaped channel steel (16), a U-shaped clamping claw (18) is fixedly provided at the middle of each driven pin shaft (17), a tension spring (19) is fixedly provided at the inner end of each U-shaped clamping claw (18), and an end of each tension spring (19) away from the U-shaped clamping claw (18) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped channel steel (16); A right side plate (4) is fixedly disposed vertically on the right side of the top surface of the bottom plate (1); a fixed sleeve (41) is fixedly disposed on the top of the left side surface of the right side plate (4); an interlayer sleeve (42) is slidably inserted into the outer port of the fixed sleeve (41); and an inner sleeve (44) is slidably inserted into the outer port of the interlayer sleeve (42); A central shaft (46) is rotatably inserted into the outer end of the inner sleeve (44), and a conical head (47) is fixedly provided at the outer end of the central shaft (46). The conical head (47) and the fixed cylinder (13) are aligned with the same axis.

2. A crankshaft finishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular groove is formed at the right end of the fixed cylinder (13), and the annular groove is interlinked with the three T-shaped slide grooves. A fixing ring (36) is rotatably engaged inside the annular groove, and a vortex line is fixedly formed on the right side surface of the fixing ring (36). A plurality of evenly distributed vortex line notches are formed on the left side surface of each of the T-shaped slide plates (15), and the vortex line is slidably engaged in the plurality of vortex line notches.

3. A crankshaft finishing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: An inner cylinder (35) is rotatably engaged with the right side of the fixed cylinder (13), the right end of the inner cylinder (35) is concentrically fixedly connected to the left side of the fixed ring (36), and a concentrically distributed internal gear ring (37) is fixedly disposed in the left end of the inner cylinder (35); Three circularly distributed linkage shafts (33) are rotatably inserted into the left side wall of the fixed cylinder (13), and a concentrically fixed linkage gear (34) is sleeved on the right end of each linkage shaft (33), and each linkage gear (34) is meshedly connected to an internal gear ring (37).

4. A crankshaft finishing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A square through hole is provided in the middle of the left side wall of the fixed cylinder (13), and a second motor (3) with an output end facing inward is installed inside the square through hole. A second drive shaft (31) is fixedly provided at the motor shaft end of the second motor (3), and a concentrically fixed drive gear (32) is sleeved on the right end of the second drive shaft (31), and the drive gear (32) is meshed and connected with three linkage gears (34) in sequence.

5. A crankshaft finishing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The left end of the fixed cylinder (13) is sleeved with a coaxially fixed outer gear ring (14); a second connecting shaft (27) is rotatably inserted into the middle of the left side surface of the left side plate (11); the left end of the second connecting shaft (27) is sleeved with a coaxially fixed second gear (28); the second gear (28) is meshingly connected to the outer gear ring (14); A concentrically fixed large-diameter gear (29) is sleeved on the middle of the second connecting shaft (27); a first connecting shaft (24) is rotatably inserted into the bottom of the left side surface of the left side plate (11); a concentrically fixed first gear (25) is sleeved on the middle of the first connecting shaft (24); the first gear (25) is meshingly connected to the large-diameter gear (29).

6. A crankshaft finishing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The left end of the first connecting shaft (24) is sleeved with a coaxially fixed worm wheel (26), and the middle of the left side of the top surface of the bottom plate (1) is respectively fixed with a fixed ear seat (21) and a rectangular frame, and a first motor (2) with an output end facing backward is installed inside the rectangular frame, and a first drive shaft (22) is fixedly provided at the end of the motor shaft of the first motor (2), and the rear end of the first drive shaft (22) is rotatably inserted on the fixed ear seat (21), and a concentrically fixed hollow worm (23) is sleeved on the middle section of the first drive shaft (22), and the hollow worm (23) is meshingly connected with the worm wheel (26).

7. A crankshaft finishing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of first slide grooves distributed in a circular shape are formed on the inner annular surface of the fixed sleeve (41), and a plurality of first slide rails (43) distributed in a circular shape are fixedly formed on the outer surface of the interlayer sleeve (42), and each of the first slide rails (43) is slidably engaged in a corresponding first slide groove; A plurality of second slide grooves distributed in a circular shape are formed on the inner annular surface of the interlayer sleeve (42), and a plurality of second slide rails (45) distributed in a circular shape are fixedly formed on the outer surface of the inner sleeve (44), and each second slide rail (45) is slidably engaged in a corresponding second slide groove.

8. A crankshaft finishing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A concentrically distributed T-shaped threaded cylinder (52) is fixedly disposed in the inner port of the interlayer sleeve (42); a square groove is provided at the top of the right side surface of the right side plate (4); a third motor (5) is installed in the interior of the square groove; a motor shaft of the third motor (5) rotates through the right side plate (4) and is fixedly provided with a fixed lead screw (51); an outer end portion of the fixed lead screw (51) is spirally inserted into the T-shaped threaded cylinder (52); and a pair of third slide grooves are provided on the outer surface of the fixed lead screw (51).

9. A crankshaft finishing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer end of the T-shaped threaded cylinder (52) is rotatably sleeved with a hollow rotating ring (53), the inner end of the inner sleeve (44) is fixedly provided with a concentrically distributed internal threaded ring (56), a spirally distributed hollow lead screw (54) is inserted into the internal threaded ring (56), the inner end of the hollow lead screw (54) is through-connected and fixedly connected to the hollow rotating ring (53), a pair of third slide rails (55) are fixedly provided on the inner ring surface of the hollow lead screw (54), the outer end of the fixed lead screw (51) is slidably inserted into the hollow lead screw (54), and each third slide rail (55) is slidably engaged in a corresponding third slide groove.

10. A machining method for a crankshaft finishing device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: When machining the crankshaft, one end of the crankshaft is centered on the middle of the right side of the fixed cylinder (13). Under the driving action of the second motor (3), the motor shaft of the second motor (3) drives the second drive shaft (31) and the drive gear (32) to rotate synchronously. The drive gear (32) meshes to drive the linkage gear (34) and the linkage shaft (33) to rotate. The linkage gear (34) then meshes to drive the inner gear ring (37), the inner cylinder (35), and the fixed ring (36) to rotate. The spiral lines on the fixing ring (36) and the spiral line notches on the T-shaped slide plate (15) form a limiting effect, driving the T-shaped slide plate (15) and the U-shaped channel steel (16) to slide inward along the T-shaped slide groove, first driving the inner end of the U-shaped clamping jaw (18) to abut against the crankshaft, and then driving the U-shaped clamping jaw (18) to swing inward along the driven pin shaft (17) and compress the tension spring (19), and then driving the outer end of the U-shaped clamping jaw (18) to abut against the crankshaft, so that the three U-shaped clamping jaws (18) form a clamping and fixing of one end of the crankshaft; Step 2: Under the driving action of the third motor (5), the motor shaft of the third motor (5) drives the fixed screw (51) to rotate synchronously, and under the action of the threads of the fixed screw (51) and the T-shaped threaded cylinder (52), the first slide rail (43) on the interlayer sleeve (42) is driven to slide outward along the first slide groove on the fixed sleeve (41), and the interlayer sleeve (42) is synchronously driven to extend outward along the fixed sleeve (41); Under the sliding action formed by the third slide rail (55) on the hollow lead screw (54) and the third slide groove on the fixed lead screw (51), the fixed lead screw (51) drives the hollow lead screw (54) and the hollow rotating ring (53) to rotate along the T-shaped threaded cylinder (52), and under the action of the threads of the hollow lead screw (54) and the internal threaded ring (56), the second slide rail (45) on the inner sleeve (44) is driven to slide outward along the second slide groove on the interlayer sleeve (42), and the inner sleeve (44) is simultaneously driven to extend outward along the interlayer sleeve (42), and the conical head (47) is driven to abut against the other end of the crankshaft; Step 3: under the driving action of the first motor (2), the motor shaft of the first motor (2) drives the first drive shaft (22) and the hollow worm (23) to rotate, and the hollow worm (23) meshes to drive the worm wheel (26), the first connecting shaft (24), and the first gear (25) to rotate; The first gear (25) is then meshed to drive the large diameter gear (29), the second connecting shaft (27), and the second gear (28) to rotate, and the second gear (28) is then meshed to drive the outer gear ring (14), the fixed cylinder (13), and the fixed rotating ring (12) to rotate along the circular through hole at a low speed, synchronously driving the crankshaft, the tapered head (47), and the center shaft (46) to rotate at a low speed, and performing subsequent finishing operations on the crankshaft.

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