A tunneling machine cutterhead and method of construction

Abstract

The application provides a tunneling machine cutter head and a construction method, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction. The tunneling machine cutter head comprises a cutter head body, a cutter assembly, a long bucket and a short bucket which are arranged on the cutter head body. The cutter head body is in a conical structure as a whole, and comprises a cutter head panel. The cutter assembly, the long bucket and the short bucket are arranged on the same end surface of the cutter head panel, and each of the cutter assembly, the long bucket and the short bucket is provided with a plurality of pieces arranged along the center circumference of the cutter head panel. One long bucket or one short bucket is arranged between two adjacent cutter assemblies. The tunneling machine cutter head and the construction method provided by the application can meet the requirements of fast tunneling and slagging under the condition that the slagging guide hole has a large deviation, and solve the problem of difficult slagging caused by uncontrollable precision of the slagging guide hole during the expansion of a large-gradient inclined shaft tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology and relates to a tunnel boring machine cutterhead and construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Many steeply inclined tunnels are needed in fields such as coal mining and water conservancy projects, especially in the field of pumped storage power station water diversion tunnels, where the demand for steeply inclined shaft tunnels is increasing. Currently, the TBM method can be used to excavate such steeply inclined shaft tunnels. The TBM method involves excavating a muck discharge pilot hole from top to bottom, and then using a large-diameter TBM to widen the shaft. However, the center axis of the muck discharge pilot hole excavated by the drilling rig has a precision deviation problem, generally reaching about 5%. When widening the tunnel with the TBM, if the widening is carried out along the center axis of the muck discharge pilot hole, the tunnel will not reach the final forming precision requirements. If the TBM widens the tunnel according to the theoretical center axis of the tunnel, the position of the muck discharge pilot hole will be uncertain, leading to poor or no muck discharge during widening. Therefore, in the field of inclined shaft engineering, especially in the water diversion tunnel engineering of pumped storage power stations, developing an inclined shaft tunnel boring machine and its construction method that can excavate downwards from the ground and still quickly excavate and discharge slag even when there is a large deviation in the slag discharge guide hole will have significant practical value.

[0003] Existing patented methods for enlarging inclined shafts all involve first excavating a central slag discharge guide hole and then using a large-diameter TBM for enlarging. However, none of these methods have considered or effectively addressed the impact of deviations in the forming accuracy of the central slag discharge guide hole on the slag discharge from the TBM cutterhead. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a tunneling machine cutterhead, including a cutterhead body and a roller cutter assembly, a long bucket, and a short bucket disposed on the cutterhead body;

[0005] The cutter head body is generally configured as a conical structure, and the cutter head body includes a cutter head panel;

[0006] The roller cutter assembly, the long bucket, and the short bucket are all located on the same end face of the cutterhead panel, and the roller cutter assembly, the long bucket, and the short bucket are all provided with multiple parts arranged in a circular array along the center circumference of the panel.

[0007] A long bucket or a short bucket is provided between two adjacent cutter assemblies.

[0008] Optionally, the single long bucket is arranged to extend from the edge area of ​​the cutterhead panel to the center of the cutterhead panel, and is used to scrape rock debris from the working face into the slag discharge guide hole.

[0009] Optionally, a single short bucket includes a first short bucket and a second short bucket, which are connected to each other to form a figure-eight structure with a smaller center area near the cutterhead panel and a larger edge area near the cutterhead panel.

[0010] Optionally, the cutter head body may further include a connecting flange and a cutter box spoke plate;

[0011] The connecting flange is connected to the main drive of the tunneling machine, and the main drive of the tunneling machine provides the thrust and torque required for rock breaking to the cutterhead body;

[0012] The blade box spoke plate is mounted on the connecting flange, and the distance between the blade disc panel and the end of the blade box spoke plate away from the connecting flange is set to 250mm-350mm.

[0013] Optionally, the distance between the hobbing assembly and the cutter head panel is set to 200-300mm.

[0014] This invention also provides a construction method for a tunnel boring machine cutterhead, which uses the tunnel boring machine cutterhead described above for reaming-type forward inclined shaft excavation, including the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Determine the tunnel excavation axis based on the actual deviation of the muck discharge guide hole;

[0016] The actual formed shape of the preset slag discharge guide hole is measured using measuring tools;

[0017] Based on the actual formed shape of the slag discharge guide hole obtained from the measurement, the central axis of the slag discharge guide hole is fitted;

[0018] Based on the fitting of the center axis of the slag discharge guide hole, the displacement axis of the expansion shaft tunneling machine and the tunnel construction axis are determined;

[0019] Step 2: The tunneling machine cutterhead performs tunneling. At the same time, the muck removal method is selected based on the relative position between the muck removal guide hole and the tunneling machine cutterhead during the excavation process.

[0020] Furthermore, the specific methods for slag removal are as follows:

[0021] When the muck discharge guide hole is directly above the long bucket and the short bucket, as the tunneling machine cutterhead rotates, the long bucket and the short bucket work together to transport the rock muck to the top of the tunnel, and then the long bucket transports the rock muck to the muck discharge guide hole to achieve muck discharge;

[0022] When the slag discharge guide hole is located to the upper right of the long bucket and the short bucket, the long bucket and the short bucket work together to transport the rock slag to the top of the tunnel. The rock slag slides down along the gap between the cutterhead panel and the cutter box spokes to the slag discharge guide hole, thus achieving slag discharge.

[0023] When the muck discharge guide hole is directly to the right of the long bucket and the short bucket, the long bucket and the short bucket work together to transport the rock muck to the top of the tunnel. At this time, since the rock muck has already bypassed the muck discharge guide hole when the long bucket scoops it up and slides down the tunnel face, the short bucket is used to transport the rock muck to the muck discharge guide hole to achieve muck discharge.

[0024] When the slag discharge guide hole is located to the lower right of the long bucket and the short bucket, the long bucket and the short bucket work together to transport the rock slag to the slag discharge guide hole, thus achieving slag discharge.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This invention provides a tunneling machine cutterhead and construction method for tunneling from the ground at an angle downwards, so as to enable rapid tunneling and muck removal even when the muck discharge guide hole has a large deviation, thus solving the muck removal problem caused by the uncontrollable accuracy of the muck discharge guide hole during the expansion of steep inclined shaft tunnels.

[0027] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is an isometric schematic diagram of a tunneling machine cutterhead from a first perspective in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is an isometric schematic diagram of a tunneling machine cutterhead from a second perspective in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram of the theoretical center position of the slag discharge guide hole and the actual center position of the slag discharge guide hole after deviation in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3(b) is a schematic diagram of the theoretical center axis of the slag discharge guide hole and the actual center axis of the slag discharge guide hole after deviation in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4(a) is a schematic diagram showing the relative positional relationship between the actual center positions of the tunnel and the slag discharge guide hole in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4(b) is a schematic diagram showing the relative positional relationship between the actual central axes of the tunnel and the slag discharge guide hole in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the long bucket, the short bucket and the tunnel in an embodiment of the present invention (the direction of the arrow in the figure indicates the rotation direction of the tunneling machine cutterhead);

[0036] Figure 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the long bucket, the short bucket and the tunnel in an embodiment of the present invention (the direction of the arrow in the figure indicates the rotation direction of the tunneling machine cutterhead);

[0037] Figure 5(c) is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the long bucket, the short bucket and the tunnel in an embodiment of the present invention (the direction of the arrow in the figure indicates the rotation direction of the tunneling machine cutterhead);

[0038] Figure 5(d) is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the long bucket, the short bucket and the tunnel in an embodiment of the present invention (the direction of the arrow in the figure indicates the rotation direction of the tunneling machine cutterhead).

[0039] in:

[0040] 1. Cutterhead body; 1.1. Cutterhead panel; 1.2. Connecting flange; 1.3. Cutter box spoke plate; 2. Roller cutter assembly; 3. Long bucket; 4. Short bucket; 5. Theoretical center position of slag discharge guide hole; 6. Actual center position of slag discharge guide hole; 7. Theoretical center axis of slag discharge guide hole; 8. Actual center axis of slag discharge guide hole; 9. Tunnel outline. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings of the present invention are all in a simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clearly assist in illustrating the implementation of the present invention; the "several" mentioned in the present invention are not limited to the specific number shown in the examples in the accompanying drawings; the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "front," "middle," "rear," "left," "right," "up," "down," "top," "bottom," and "center" mentioned in the present invention are all based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, nor should they be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0042] Example:

[0043] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a tunneling machine cutterhead, including a cutterhead body 1 and a roller cutter assembly 2, a long bucket 3 and a short bucket 4 disposed on the cutterhead body 1.

[0044] The cutterhead body 1 is generally designed as a conical structure to facilitate the flow of excavated soil and debris generated during the tunneling process to the long bucket 3 and / or short bucket 4. The cutterhead body 1 includes a connecting flange 1.2, a cutterhead panel 1.1, and a cutter box spoke plate 1.3. The connecting flange 1.2 is connected to the main drive of the tunneling machine, which provides the thrust and torque required for rock breaking. The cutterhead panel 1.1 and the cutter box spoke plate 1.3 are both mounted on the connecting flange 1.2, and the distance between the ends of the cutterhead panel 1.1 and the cutter box spoke plate 1.3 away from the connecting flange 1.2 is set to 250mm-350mm to provide sufficient space for the excavated soil and debris generated during the tunneling process, thereby ensuring that the excavated soil and debris flow smoothly down the cutterhead panel 1.1.

[0045] The cutter assembly 2 is mounted on the cutterhead panel 1.1 to meet the full-face excavation capability of the tunneling machine.

[0046] The long bucket 3 is located on the end of the cutterhead panel 1.1 away from the connecting flange 1.2, and the long bucket 3 has multiple pieces arranged in a circular array along the center circumference of the cutterhead panel 1.1. Each long bucket 3 is arranged in a manner that extends from the edge area of ​​the cutterhead panel 1.1 to the center of the cutterhead panel 1.1, and is used to scrape the rock slag from the working face into the slag discharge guide hole.

[0047] The short bucket 4 is disposed on the end of the cutterhead panel 1.1 away from the connecting flange 1.2, and the short bucket 4 is provided with multiple pieces arranged in a circular array along the center circumference of the cutterhead panel 1.1. Each short bucket 4 includes a first short bucket and a second short bucket. The first short bucket and the second short bucket are connected to each other to form a figure-eight structure with a small center near the cutterhead panel 1.1 and a large edge area near the cutterhead panel 1.1.

[0048] Furthermore, the distance between the roller cutter assembly 2 and the cutterhead panel 1.1 is set to 200-300mm to facilitate better slag discharge (in conventional cutterhead buckets, an opening is made so that after the bucket scoops up rock slag, it enters the slag discharge plate inside the cutterhead through the opening; however, in this embodiment, since the cutterhead body does not have an opening for installing the long bucket 3 and / or the short bucket 4, in order to increase the depth of the long bucket 3 and / or the short bucket 4, the cutterhead panel 1.1 is designed to be recessed to increase the distance between the cutterhead panel 1.1 and the blades in the roller cutter assembly 2, thereby improving slag discharge).

[0049] Furthermore, the roller cutter assembly 2 preferably has six pieces arranged in a circular array along the center circumference of the cutterhead panel 1.1, the long bucket 3 preferably has three pieces arranged in a circular array along the center circumference of the cutterhead panel 1.1, and the short bucket 4 preferably has three pieces arranged in a circular array along the center circumference of the cutterhead panel 1.1. One long bucket 3 or one short bucket 4 is provided between two adjacent roller cutter assemblies 2 to satisfy the slag discharge function when the cutterhead reverses and breaks rocks.

[0050] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also provides a construction method for borehole expansion type forward inclined shaft excavation using the above-described tunneling machine cutterhead, comprising the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Determine the tunnel excavation axis based on the actual deviation of the muck discharge guide hole;

[0052] Because the slag discharge guide hole will inevitably experience accuracy deviations during the excavation process, the actual formed slag discharge guide hole has a spatial curve-like structure (see Figures 3(a) and 3(b)). The position of the slag discharge guide hole will randomly shift along the theoretical center. Therefore, after the slag discharge guide hole is excavated, it is necessary to use measuring tools to measure the actual formed shape of the slag discharge guide hole and fit the theoretical center position axis of the slag discharge guide hole. Then, the displacement axis of the inclined shaft tunneling machine and the tunnel construction axis are determined according to the theoretical center axis of the slag discharge guide hole (the relative positional relationship between the tunnel and the slag discharge guide hole is shown in Figures 4(a) and 4(b)).

[0053] Step 2: The tunneling machine cutterhead begins tunneling. Simultaneously, the muck removal method is selected based on the relative position between the muck removal guide hole and the cutterhead during the excavation process. The specific muck removal method is as follows:

[0054] When the slag discharge guide hole is directly above the long bucket and the short bucket (see the position shown in Figure 5(a)), the long bucket and the short bucket work together to transport the rock debris to the top of the tunnel. However, the rock debris placed on the short bucket will fall down in advance due to the angle and length issues and cannot directly enter the slag discharge guide hole. Therefore, the rock debris can only be transported to the slag discharge guide hole through the long bucket to achieve slag discharge.

[0055] When the slag discharge guide hole is located to the upper right of the long bucket and the short bucket (see the position shown in Figure 5(b)), the long bucket and the short bucket work together to transport the rock slag to the top of the tunnel. The rock slag slides down along the gap between the cutterhead panel and the cutter box spokes to the slag discharge guide hole, thus achieving slag discharge.

[0056] When the slag discharge guide hole is directly to the right of the long bucket and the short bucket (see the position shown in Figure 5(c)), the long bucket and the short bucket work together to transport the rock debris to the top of the tunnel. At this time, since the rock debris has bypassed the slag discharge guide hole when the long bucket scoops the rock debris down along the tunnel face, the short bucket is used to transport the rock debris to the slag discharge guide hole to achieve slag discharge.

[0057] When the slag discharge guide hole is located to the lower right of the long bucket and the short bucket (see the position shown in Figure 5(d)), the long bucket and the short bucket work together to transport the rock slag to the slag discharge guide hole to achieve slag discharge.

[0058] The above four positions are merely four random positions that may occur when the position of the slag discharge guide hole deviates. In actual tunneling, the position of the slag discharge guide hole is uncertain.

[0059] Furthermore, the four locations illustrated above are all located on the right side. In actual tunneling, when the slag discharge guide hole appears in the left side area, the cutterhead rotation direction needs to be adjusted to clockwise rotation in a timely manner to meet the slag discharge requirements.

[0060] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of construction of a cutter head of a tunneling machine, characterized in that, The application discloses a method for expanding a hole and drilling a forward inclined shaft by using a tunneling machine cutter head, and belongs to the technical field of tunneling machine cutter heads. Step one: determining a tunneling axis according to actual deviation of a slag discharge guide hole; measuring a preset actual forming shape of the slag discharge guide hole by using a measuring tool; fitting a center axis of the slag discharge guide hole based on the measured actual forming shape of the slag discharge guide hole; determining a displacement axis of the expanded hole and a tunnel construction axis based on the fitted center axis of the slag discharge guide hole; Step two: drilling by using the tunneling machine cutter head, and selecting a slag discharge mode based on a relative position between the slag discharge guide hole and the tunneling machine cutter head during excavation of the tunneling machine cutter head. The tunneling machine cutter head comprises a cutter head body (1), a rolling cutter assembly (2), a long scraper (3) and a short scraper (4) arranged on the cutter head body (1). The cutter head body (1) is integrally arranged in a conical structure, and the cutter head body (1) comprises a cutter head panel (1.1). The rolling cutter assembly (2), the long scraper (3) and the short scraper (4) are arranged on the same end surface of the cutter head panel (1.1), and the rolling cutter assembly (2), the long scraper (3) and the short scraper (4) are each provided with a plurality of pieces arranged along a center circumference of the cutter head panel (1.1). One piece of long scraper (3) is arranged in a mode extending from an edge region of the cutter head panel (1.1) to the center of the cutter head panel (1.1), and is used for scraping the tunnel face rock slag into the slag discharge guide hole. The single piece of short scraper (4) comprises a first short scraper and a second short scraper, and the first short scraper and the second short scraper are connected to each other to form an eight-shaped structure which is small near the center of the cutter head panel (1.1) and large near the edge region of the cutter head panel (1.1). The cutter head body (1) further comprises a connecting flange (1.2) and a cutter box spoke plate (1.3). The connecting flange (1.2) is connected with a main drive of the tunneling machine, and the main drive of the tunneling machine provides the cutter head body (1) with a required thrust and torque for rock breaking. The cutter box spoke plate (1.3) is installed on the connecting flange (1.2), and the distance between the cutter head panel (1.1) and the end of the cutter box spoke plate (1.3) away from the connecting flange (1.2) is set to 250mm-350mm. The distance between the rolling cutter assembly (2) and the cutter head panel (1.1) is set to 200-300mm. The slag discharge mode is as follows:

2. The construction method of the tunneling machine cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the slag discharge guide hole is directly above the long scraper and the short scraper, the long scraper and the short scraper cooperatively convey the rock slag to the upper side of the tunnel along with the rotation of the tunneling machine cutter head, and then the long scraper conveys the rock slag to the slag discharge guide hole to realize slag discharge; When the slag discharge guide hole is right above the long scraper and the short scraper, the long scraper and the short scraper cooperatively convey the rock slag to the upper side of the tunnel, and the rock slag slides down along the gap between the cutter head panel and the cutter box spoke plate to the slag discharge guide hole to realize slag discharge. ​ When the out-drawing guide hole is right to the long and short shovels, the long and short shovels cooperate to deliver the rock debris to the top of the tunnel, at this time, the rock debris has bypassed the out-drawing guide hole when the long shovel delivers the rock debris to slide along the tunnel face, therefore, the short shovel is used to deliver the rock debris to the out-drawing guide hole to realize the out-drawing; When the out-drawing guide hole is right below the long and short shovels, the long and short shovels cooperate to deliver the rock debris to the out-drawing guide hole to realize the out-drawing.

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