Hydrogen fuel combustor and aircraft engine

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of combustion chamber design, and discloses a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber and an aero-engine, the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber comprising: a casing, a flame tube, a mixing hopper and a hydrogen fuel pipeline, the flame tube being arranged at intervals from the casing to form an air flow cavity, and a combustion cavity being formed in the flame tube; the mixing hopper comprising an inner wall and an outer wall, a first hydrogen fuel passage being formed between the inner wall and the outer wall, a first injection hole being formed on the outer wall, the first injection hole being communicated with the combustion cavity and the first hydrogen fuel passage, and an air passage being formed around the inner wall, the air passage being communicated with the air flow cavity and the combustion cavity; and the hydrogen fuel pipeline being communicated with hydrogen fuel and the first hydrogen fuel passage. According to the present application, the air and the hydrogen fuel both enter the combustion cavity through the mixing hopper, so that the hydrogen fuel can be mixed with the inflowing air more quickly after entering the combustion cavity; and the hydrogen fuel is sprayed from multiple directions through the plurality of first injection holes, which is conducive to reducing the size of the local high-concentration area of hydrogen, thereby reducing the local hot spots and reducing the emission of pollutants.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of combustion chamber design, and particularly relates to a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber and an aero-engine. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy technology, the hydrogen fuel engine combined with the hydrogen fuel cell will be the main development direction of future hydrogen energy aviation. At the same time, the hydrogen fuel engine has made significant technical progress in reducing pollutant emissions and stabilizing combustion. The core of the design of the hydrogen fuel aero-engine is the design of the combustion chamber of the hydrogen fuel aero-engine. Unlike the core engine components such as turbine and compressor, which do not need to make many adaptations to the transformation of aviation kerosene to hydrogen fuel, the combustion chamber needs to make many improvement designs for the hydrogen fuel which is quite different from aviation kerosene in physical and chemical properties.

[0003] However, the existing hydrogen fuel combustion chamber has poor hydrogen and air mixing uniformity, and there are local hot spots in the combustion chamber. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber and an aero-engine to solve the problems of poor hydrogen and air mixing uniformity and local hot spots in the combustion chamber.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber, comprising: a casing; a flame tube, which is spaced apart from the casing, and forms an air flow cavity between the flame tube and the casing, and forms a combustion cavity in the flame tube; a mixing bucket, which is arranged on the flame tube, and comprises an inner wall and an outer wall, a first hydrogen fuel channel is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall, a plurality of first injection holes are formed in the outer wall, the two ends of the first injection holes are in communication with the combustion cavity and the first hydrogen fuel channel respectively, and an air channel is formed around the inner wall, and the two ends of the air channel are in communication with the air flow cavity and the combustion cavity respectively; and a hydrogen fuel pipeline, which is arranged on the casing, one end of the hydrogen fuel pipeline is adapted to communicate with hydrogen fuel, and the other end of the hydrogen fuel pipeline is in communication with the first hydrogen fuel channel.

[0006] Beneficial effects: By arranging the mixing bucket, the air and the hydrogen fuel enter the combustion cavity through the mixing bucket, so that the hydrogen fuel enters the combustion cavity and is mixed with the flowing air more quickly, thereby making the hydrogen fuel and the air more uniformly mixed, and reducing the problem of local hot spots; by arranging a plurality of first injection holes, the hydrogen fuel is sprayed from multiple directions, which is beneficial to reducing the size of the local high concentration area of hydrogen, thereby reducing the local hot spot and reducing pollutant emissions.

[0007] In an alternative embodiment, the mixing bucket further comprises a first flow-restricting structure disposed in the first hydrogen fuel passage, the first flow-restricting structure being adapted to narrow the passage cross-section of the first hydrogen fuel passage.

[0008] Beneficial effects: By disposing the first flow-restricting structure, the passage cross-section of the first hydrogen fuel passage is narrowed, the flow rate of the hydrogen fuel is accelerated, and the mixing of the hydrogen fuel and air is more uniform.

[0009] In an alternative embodiment, the first injection holes are uniformly spaced along the circumference of the mixing bucket and / or are uniformly spaced along the axis of the mixing bucket.

[0010] Beneficial effects: The first injection holes are uniformly spaced along the circumference or the axis of the mixing bucket, which further improves the mixing degree of the hydrogen fuel and air, and is conducive to reducing the size of the local high-concentration area of the hydrogen gas, thereby reducing local hot spots and reducing pollutant emissions.

[0011] In an alternative embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the first injection hole is S1, which satisfies 1mm 2 ≤ S1 ≤ 2mm 2 .

[0012] Beneficial effects: By limiting the cross-sectional area of the first injection hole, the uniformity of the hydrogen fuel in the first injection hole is ensured, and the speed of the hydrogen fuel ejected from the first injection hole is also ensured.

[0013] In an alternative embodiment, a second hydrogen fuel passage is formed in the casing, and the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber further comprises a communication structure connected to the casing and the flame tube at two ends thereof, the communication structure being provided with a second injection hole, the two ends of the second injection hole being in communication with the second hydrogen fuel passage and the combustion chamber, respectively, and a plurality of second injection holes being spaced apart.

[0014] Beneficial effects: By disposing the communication structure, multi-stage combustion of the hydrogen fuel is achieved through the second injection hole, and the uniformity of the mixing of the hydrogen fuel and air is further improved.

[0015] In an alternative embodiment, the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber further comprises a second flow-restricting structure disposed in the second hydrogen fuel passage, the second flow-restricting structure being adapted to narrow the passage cross-section of the second hydrogen fuel passage.

[0016] Beneficial effects: By disposing the second flow-restricting structure, part of the passage cross-section of the second hydrogen fuel passage is narrowed, the flow rate of the hydrogen fuel at the second injection hole is increased, and the mixing of the hydrogen fuel and air is more uniform.

[0017] In an alternative embodiment, the second injection hole has a cross-sectional area S2, satisfying 0.8mm 2 ≤S2≤1.4mm 2 .

[0018] Beneficial effect: By limiting the cross-sectional area of the second injection hole, the uniformity of the hydrogen fuel in the second injection hole is ensured, and the speed of the hydrogen fuel injected from the second injection hole is ensured.

[0019] In an alternative embodiment, the hydrogen fuel pipeline includes a straight pipeline and a ring pipeline, the straight pipeline is arranged on the flame tube, one end of the straight pipeline is adapted to communicate with the hydrogen fuel, the other end of the straight pipeline communicates with the ring pipeline, and the ring pipeline communicates with the first hydrogen fuel passage.

[0020] Beneficial effect: The hydrogen fuel enters the ring pipeline from the straight pipeline, which increases the uniformity of the hydrogen fuel, and the hydrogen fuel is further flowed into the first hydrogen fuel passage after sufficient deceleration and uniformity, so that the pressure in the first hydrogen fuel passage is the same.

[0021] In an alternative embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the ring pipeline is S3, satisfying 2mm 2 ≤S3≤8mm 2 .

[0022] Beneficial effect: By limiting the cross-sectional area of the ring pipeline, the uniformity of the hydrogen fuel in the ring pipeline is ensured, and the flow speed of the hydrogen fuel in the ring pipeline is ensured.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present application also provides an aero-engine, comprising the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the following specific embodiment or prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a front three-axis view of the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of the embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a gas flow schematic diagram of the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of the embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the mixing hopper of the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 Structure diagram of the communication structure of the embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0030] 10, case; 11, second hydrogen fuel passage; 20, flame tube; 21, mixing hole; 22, main combustion hole; 30, mixing hopper; 31, inner wall; 32, outer wall; 321, first injection hole; 33, first flow restricting structure; 34, first hydrogen fuel passage; 35, air passage; 40, hydrogen fuel pipeline; 41, straight pipeline; 42, annular pipeline; 50, communication structure; 51, second injection hole; 60, second flow restricting structure; 71, air flow cavity; 72, combustion cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0032] The embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to Figures 1 to 4 .

[0033] According to the embodiments of the present application, in one aspect, a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber is provided, comprising: a case 10, a flame tube 20, a mixing hopper 30 and a hydrogen fuel pipeline 40, the flame tube 20 is arranged spaced apart from the case 10, an air flow cavity 71 is formed between the flame tube 20 and the case 10, and a combustion cavity 72 is formed in the flame tube 20; the mixing hopper 30 is arranged on the flame tube 20, the mixing hopper 30 comprises an inner wall 31 and an outer wall 32, a first hydrogen fuel passage 34 is formed between the inner wall 31 and the outer wall 32, a first injection hole 321 is formed in the outer wall 32, the first injection hole 321 is provided with a plurality of first injection holes, two ends of the first injection hole 321 are respectively communicated with the combustion cavity 72 and the first hydrogen fuel passage 34, an air passage 35 is formed around the inner wall 31, two ends of the air passage 35 are respectively communicated with the air flow cavity 71 and the combustion cavity 72; the hydrogen fuel pipeline 40 is arranged on the case 10, one end of the hydrogen fuel pipeline 40 is adapted to communicate with hydrogen fuel, the other end of the hydrogen fuel pipeline 40 is communicated with the first hydrogen fuel passage 34.

[0034] The hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of the embodiment has the following advantages: the air and the hydrogen fuel enter the combustion cavity 72 through the mixing hopper 30, so that the hydrogen fuel can be mixed with the air flowing in more quickly, and the hydrogen fuel and the air can be mixed more uniformly, thereby reducing the problem of local hot spots; the hydrogen fuel is sprayed from multiple directions through the plurality of first spray holes 321, which is beneficial to reducing the size of the local high-concentration area of hydrogen, thereby reducing local hot spots and reducing pollutant emissions.

[0035] It should be noted that the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of the present application is of an annular structure, as shown in Figure 1 The hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of the embodiment of the present application is a full annular structure, and the structure shown in Figure 1 can be obtained by arranging the structure in a circumferential array.

[0036] Specifically, please refer to Figure 1 The flame tube 20 is also provided with a main combustion hole 22 and a mixing hole 21, and part of the air enters the combustion cavity 72 through the main combustion hole 22 and the mixing hole 21, and is further mixed with the hydrogen fuel, thereby further improving the uniformity of the mixing of the hydrogen fuel and the air.

[0037] Further, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 The hydrogen fuel and the air flow in the embodiment are shown in the schematic diagram, Figure 2 The dashed line in the schematic diagram is the direction of air flow, Figure 2 The solid line in the schematic diagram is the direction of hydrogen fuel flow.

[0038] Further, the flame tube 20 is also provided with a plurality of cooling holes, and part of the air enters the combustion cavity 72 through the cooling holes.

[0039] Specifically, in the embodiment, the mixing hopper 30 is of a circular table structure.

[0040] It should be noted that the shape of the mixing hopper 30 can be adjusted by those skilled in the art according to actual needs.

[0041] Further, it should be noted that those skilled in the art can also adjust the shape of the first hydrogen fuel passage 34 according to actual needs.

[0042] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3 The mixing hopper 30 further comprises a first flow limiting structure 33, and the first flow limiting structure 33 is arranged in the first hydrogen fuel passage 34, and the first flow limiting structure 33 is adapted to narrow the passage section of the first hydrogen fuel passage 34.

[0043] Specifically, please refer to Figure 3The first flow-limiting structure 33 is annular, and a plurality of first flow-limiting structures 33 are uniformly and spacedly arranged.

[0044] It can be understood that the first flow-limiting structure 33 is annular.

[0045] It should be noted that, by arranging the first flow-limiting structure 33, the passage section of the first hydrogen fuel passage 34 is narrowed, the flow rate of the hydrogen fuel is accelerated, and the mixing of the hydrogen fuel and the air is more uniform.

[0046] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 , a plurality of first injection holes 321 are uniformly and spacedly arranged along the circumferential direction of the mixing bucket 30, and a plurality of first injection holes 321 are uniformly and spacedly arranged along the axial direction of the mixing bucket 30.

[0047] It should be noted that, according to actual conditions, a person skilled in the art can only arrange a plurality of first injection holes 321 along the circumferential direction of the mixing bucket 30 or only along the axial direction of the mixing bucket 30.

[0048] It should be noted that, by uniformly and spacedly arranging a plurality of first injection holes 321 along the circumferential direction or the axial direction of the mixing bucket 30, the mixing degree of the hydrogen fuel and the air is further improved, which is beneficial to reducing the size of the local high-concentration area of the hydrogen gas, thereby reducing local hot spots and reducing pollutant emissions.

[0049] In one embodiment, the injection hole section area of the first injection hole 321 is S1, which satisfies 1mm 2 ≤S1≤2mm 2 .

[0050] It should be noted that, by limiting the injection hole section area of the first injection hole 321, the uniformity of the hydrogen fuel in the first injection hole 321 is ensured, and the speed of the hydrogen fuel sprayed out of the first injection hole 321 is ensured.

[0051] It should be noted that, when S1<1mm 2 , the speed of the hydrogen fuel sprayed out of the first injection hole 321 is fast, but the uniformity of the hydrogen fuel in the first injection hole 321 is poor, which does not meet the requirements; when S1>2mm 2 , the uniformity of the hydrogen fuel in the first injection hole 321 is good, but the speed of the hydrogen fuel sprayed out of the first injection hole 321 is too slow, which does not meet the requirements.

[0052] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the second hydrogen fuel passage 11 is formed in the casing 10, and the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber further comprises a communication structure 50, two ends of the communication structure 50 are connected with the casing 10 and the flame tube 20 respectively, the communication structure 50 is provided with a second injection hole 51, two ends of the second injection hole 51 are communicated with the second hydrogen fuel passage 11 and the combustion cavity 72 respectively, and a plurality of second injection holes 51 are arranged at intervals.

[0053] Specifically, please refer to Figure 1 In the embodiment, nine second injection holes 51 are arranged at intervals.

[0054] It should be noted that the number of the second injection holes 51 can be adjusted by the person skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0055] It should be noted that by arranging the communication structure 50, the multi-stage combustion of the hydrogen fuel is realized through the second injection hole 51, and the uniformity of the mixing of the hydrogen fuel and the air is further improved.

[0056] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber further comprises a second flow limiting structure 60, the second flow limiting structure 60 is arranged in the second hydrogen fuel passage 11, and the second flow limiting structure 60 is adapted to narrow the passage section of the second hydrogen fuel passage 11.

[0057] It should be noted that the second flow limiting structure 60 and the casing 10 can be integrally formed, and part of the structure of the casing 10 protrudes into the second hydrogen fuel passage 11 to form the second flow limiting structure 60.

[0058] It should be noted that the second flow limiting structure 60 can also be arranged separately from the casing 10, and the flow rate of the hydrogen fuel at the second injection hole 51 is controlled by adjusting the size of the second flow limiting structure 60.

[0059] It should be noted that by arranging the second flow limiting structure 60, part of the passage section of the second hydrogen fuel passage 11 is narrowed, the flow rate of the hydrogen fuel at the second injection hole 51 is increased, and the mixing of the hydrogen fuel and the air is more uniform.

[0060] In one embodiment, the injection hole section area of the second injection hole 51 is S2, which satisfies 0.8mm 2 ≤S2≤1.4mm 2 .

[0061] It should be noted that by limiting the injection hole section area of the second injection hole 51, the uniformity of the hydrogen fuel in the second injection hole 51 is ensured, and the speed of the hydrogen fuel ejected from the second injection hole 51 is ensured.

[0062] It should be noted that when S2<0.8mm 2When S2> 1.4mm, the hydrogen fuel is sprayed out of the second injection hole 51 at a high speed, but the hydrogen fuel uniformity in the second injection hole 51 is too poor to meet the requirement. 2 When S2> 1.4mm, the hydrogen fuel is sprayed out of the second injection hole 51 at a high speed, but the hydrogen fuel uniformity in the second injection hole 51 is too poor to meet the requirement.

[0063] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3 , the hydrogen fuel pipeline 40 comprises a straight pipeline 41 and a ring pipeline 42, the straight pipeline 41 is arranged on the flame tube 20, one end of the straight pipeline 41 is adapted to communicate with the hydrogen fuel, the other end of the straight pipeline 41 communicates with the ring pipeline 42, and the ring pipeline 42 communicates with the first hydrogen fuel passage 34.

[0064] Specifically, in the embodiment, the straight pipeline 41 is a circular straight pipeline.

[0065] Further, the straight pipeline 41 can be provided with a plurality of straight pipelines 41, and the plurality of straight pipelines 41 all communicate with the ring pipeline 42.

[0066] Further, the diameter of the circular straight pipeline is D, and 1mm≤D≤3mm.

[0067] It is worth noting that the hydrogen fuel enters the ring pipeline 42 from the straight pipeline 41, which increases the uniformity of the hydrogen fuel, and the hydrogen fuel is further flowed into the first hydrogen fuel passage 34 after being sufficiently decelerated and uniformly, thereby making the pressure at each place in the first hydrogen fuel passage 34 the same.

[0068] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3 , the cross-sectional area of the ring pipeline 42 is S3, which satisfies 2mm 2 ≤S3≤8mm 2 .

[0069] It is worth noting that by limiting the cross-sectional area of the ring pipeline 42, the flow speed of the hydrogen fuel in the ring pipeline 42 is ensured while the uniformity of the hydrogen fuel in the ring pipeline 42 is ensured.

[0070] It is worth noting that when S3<2mm 2 , the flow speed of the hydrogen fuel in the ring pipeline 42 is too fast, but the uniformity of the hydrogen fuel in the ring pipeline 42 is too poor to meet the requirement; when S3>8mm 2 , the uniformity of the hydrogen fuel in the ring pipeline 42 is good, but the flow speed of the hydrogen fuel in the ring pipeline 42 is too slow to meet the requirement.

[0071] In the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of the embodiment, part of the hydrogen fuel enters the annular pipeline 42 from the straight pipeline 41, and then enters the first hydrogen fuel passage 34 in the mixing hopper 30, and flows into the combustion chamber 72 through the first injection hole 321; part of the hydrogen fuel enters the communication structure 50 from the second hydrogen fuel passage 11, and flows into the combustion chamber 72 through the second injection hole 51; part of the air enters the air passage 35 in the mixing hopper 30 from the air flow cavity 71 between the casing 10 and the flame tube 20, and then flows into the combustion chamber 72 to mix with the hydrogen fuel; part of the air enters the combustion chamber 72 through the mixing hole 21 and the main combustion hole 22 formed on the flame tube 20 from the air flow cavity 71 between the casing 10 and the flame tube 20, and mixes with the hydrogen fuel; the fully mixed gas is fully combusted in the combustion chamber 72, and the combustion gas flows into the turbine through the outlet of the combustion chamber to do work.

[0072] According to the embodiment of the present application, in another aspect, there is also provided an aero-engine comprising the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber.

[0073] Although the embodiments of the present application are described in conjunction with the drawings, various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and such modifications and changes fall within the scope defined by the present application.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel combustion chamber characterized by, The hydrogen fuel combustion chamber comprises: a casing (10); a flame tube (20) spaced apart from the casing (10), an air flow cavity (71) being formed between the casing (10) and the flame tube (20), a combustion cavity (72) being formed in the flame tube (20); a mixing hopper (30) arranged on the flame tube (20), the mixing hopper (30) comprising an inner wall (31) and an outer wall (32), a first hydrogen fuel passage (34) being formed between the inner wall (31) and the outer wall (32), a plurality of first injection holes (321) being formed in the outer wall (32), two ends of each of the first injection holes (321) being in communication with the combustion cavity (72) and the first hydrogen fuel passage (34) respectively, an air passage (35) being formed in the inner wall (31), two ends of the air passage (35) being in communication with the air flow cavity (71) and the combustion cavity (72) respectively; a hydrogen fuel pipeline (40) arranged on the casing (10), one end of the hydrogen fuel pipeline (40) being adapted to communicate with hydrogen fuel, the other end of the hydrogen fuel pipeline (40) being in communication with the first hydrogen fuel passage (34).

2. The hydrogen fuel combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized by The mixing hopper (30) further comprises a first flow limiting structure (33) arranged in the first hydrogen fuel passage (34), the first flow limiting structure (33) being adapted to narrow the passage section of the first hydrogen fuel passage (34).

3. The hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of claim 1, wherein, The plurality of first injection holes (321) are uniformly and circumferentially spaced apart along the mixing hopper (30), and / or the plurality of first injection holes (321) are uniformly and axially spaced apart along the mixing hopper (30).

4. The hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of claim 1, wherein, The first injection hole (321) has an injection hole cross-sectional area S1, which satisfies 1mm 2 ≤ S1 ≤ 2mm 2 .

5. The hydrogen-fueled combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by A second hydrogen fuel passage (11) is formed in the casing (10), the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber further comprises a communication structure (50), two ends of the communication structure (50) being connected with the casing (10) and the flame tube (20) respectively, the communication structure (50) is provided with a plurality of second injection holes (51), two ends of each of the second injection holes (51) being in communication with the second hydrogen fuel passage (11) and the combustion cavity (72) respectively.

6. The hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of claim 5, wherein, The hydrogen fuel combustion chamber further comprises a second flow limiting structure (60) arranged in the second hydrogen fuel passage (11), the second flow limiting structure (60) being adapted to narrow the passage section of the second hydrogen fuel passage (11).

7. The hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of claim 5, wherein, The second injection hole (51) has an injection hole cross-sectional area S2, which satisfies 0.8mm 2 ≤ S2 ≤ 1.4mm 2 .

8. The hydrogen-fueled combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by The hydrogen fuel pipeline (40) comprises a straight pipeline (41) and a ring-shaped pipeline (42), the straight pipeline (41) is arranged on the flame tube (20), one end of the straight pipeline (41) is adapted to communicate with hydrogen fuel, the other end of the straight pipeline (41) is in communication with the ring-shaped pipeline (42), the ring-shaped pipeline (42) is in communication with the first hydrogen fuel passage (34).

9. The hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of claim 8, wherein, The cross-sectional area of the annular conduit (42) is S3, satisfying 2mm 2 ≤ S3 ≤ 8mm 2 .

10. An aeroengine characterised in that, The hydrogen fuel combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 9. The hydrogen fuel combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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