A test platform and method for an anchoring support system for deep rock mass engineering

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of experimental techniques for deep rock mass engineering anchoring support systems, and specifically discloses an experimental platform and method for deep rock mass engineering anchoring support systems. The experimental platform for deep rock mass engineering anchoring support systems includes a loading mainframe, a guiding track, an anchor body confining pressure pulling and extracting unit, an anchor body double-shear unit, a surface protection structure performance testing unit, a moving unit, a hydraulic servo system, a control system, and a manipulation system. The experimental platform and method for deep rock mass engineering anchoring support systems can conveniently conduct confining pressure pulling and extracting tests, double-shear tests, and surface protection structure performance testing tests through a set of experimental platforms, and can truly simulate the stress conditions of the anchoring support system, conduct accurate mechanical tests on the anchoring support system, test the bearing capacity of the anchoring support system, reveal the corresponding action mechanism of the anchoring support system, and enable relevant experimental results to provide key theoretical and technical support for the safe construction of deep rock mass engineering and the efficient and safe exploitation of deep-earth resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of deep rock mass engineering anchorage support system tests, and particularly relates to a deep rock mass engineering anchorage support system test platform and method. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of deep rock mass engineering (such as deep roadway), the surrounding rock is prone to serious deformation and even impact disasters such as rock bursts. The anchor / rope and other anchorage support systems are the most direct and effective means to realize the support of the surrounding rock. At present, the design of the anchorage support system for most deep rock mass engineering still depends on experience, and the support parameters or the design of the support system are continuously corrected through measures. Even by continuously increasing the support strength, it is expected to achieve the purpose of disaster prevention and mitigation. However, things often go against expectations and the effect is not good. The unclear support mechanism and the lack of support design theory of the anchorage support system lead to serious blindness, inefficiency and uncertainty in the current support of deep rock mass engineering. The current situation that the disaster prevention and protection technology and the support design theory lag far behind the deep earth engineering activities brings huge challenges to the construction of deep rock mass engineering. Therefore, the support mechanism and design theory of the anchorage support system are major scientific problems that need to be solved urgently. There is an urgent need to conduct mechanical tests on the anchorage support system, truly simulate the stress conditions of the anchorage support system, test the bearing capacity of the anchorage support system, reveal the corresponding action mechanism of the anchorage support system, and make the relevant test results provide key theoretical and technical support for the safe construction of deep rock mass engineering and the efficient and safe exploitation of deep earth resources. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the invention is to provide a deep rock mass engineering anchorage support system test platform and method, which can truly simulate the stress conditions of the anchorage support system and conduct accurate mechanical tests on the anchorage support system.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:

[0005] A deep rock mass engineering anchorage support system test platform includes:

[0006] A loading mainframe;

[0007] Guiding tracks, and a plurality of groups of guiding tracks are provided. The guiding tracks pass through the loading mainframe and extend towards the periphery of the loading mainframe;

[0008] An anchor body confining pressure pulling unit, which is arranged on one group of guiding tracks and can move along the guiding tracks to the position of the loading mainframe, and the loading mainframe acts on the anchor body confining pressure pulling unit to conduct a confining pressure pulling test;

[0009] An anchor body double-shear unit, which is arranged on one group of guiding tracks and can move along the guiding tracks to the position of the loading mainframe, and the loading mainframe acts on the anchor body double-shear unit to conduct a double-shear test;

[0010] The protection surface structure performance test unit is arranged on one set of guiding tracks and can move along the guiding tracks to the position of the loading main machine. The loading main machine acts on the protection surface structure performance test unit to conduct the anchor mesh pulling test.

[0011] Further, the loading main machine includes a base, columns, a reaction frame, a hollow loading hydraulic cylinder and a loading head; the guiding track passes through the upper end surface of the base, and the base and the reaction frame are connected by several columns, and the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the reaction frame; the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder is arranged along the vertical direction, and the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder is provided with the loading head; the loading head selectively acts on the anchor body confining pressure pulling unit, the anchor body double shear unit and the protection surface structure performance test unit.

[0012] Further, the loading main machine further includes a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor. The sensing end of the displacement sensor is arranged inside the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder for monitoring the hydraulic oil pressure inside the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder; the pressure sensor is arranged between the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder and the loading head for monitoring the pressure applied by the loading head.

[0013] Further, the loading head includes an upper loading seat, a lower loading seat and a loading frame;

[0014] The upper loading seat is connected to the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder, the lower loading seat is located below the upper loading seat, and the upper loading seat and the lower loading seat are connected by the loading frame.

[0015] Further, the anchor body confining pressure pulling unit includes a confining pressure chamber, an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, a Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, a loop reaction frame, a confining pressure pulling sample and an anchor;

[0016] The confining pressure chamber can move along the guiding track to the upper end surface of the base;

[0017] A plurality of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders are arranged vertically on the left side of the confining pressure chamber. The telescopic end of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder extends and retracts along the X direction. An X-direction confining pressure loading plate is arranged at the telescopic end of each X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, and a space is left between the X-direction confining pressure loading plate and the right inner wall of the confining pressure chamber;

[0018] A plurality of the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders are arranged vertically on the front side of the confining pressure chamber. The telescopic end of the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder extends and retracts along the Y direction. A Y-direction confining pressure loading plate is arranged at the telescopic end of each Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, and a space is left between the Y-direction confining pressure loading plate and the rear inner wall of the confining pressure chamber;

[0019] The upper end of the confining pressure chamber is provided with a specimen loading port, and the loop-shaped reaction frame is assembled on the specimen loading port;

[0020] The X-direction confining pressure loading plate, the right inner wall of the confining pressure chamber, the Y-direction confining pressure loading plate, the rear inner wall of the confining pressure chamber, the inner wall of the lower end surface of the confining pressure chamber and the loop-shaped reaction frame jointly define a confining pressure pulling specimen space;

[0021] The confining pressure pulling specimen is loaded in the confining pressure pulling specimen space. One end of the anchor is fixedly connected to the inside of the confining pressure pulling specimen, the other end of the anchor passes through the loop-shaped reaction frame, and the other end of the anchor is connected to the loading head.

[0022] Further, the anchor solid double-shear unit includes a shear bottom plate, a left specimen chamber, a right specimen chamber, a pull rod, a shear specimen and an anchor;

[0023] The shear bottom plate can move to the upper end surface of the base through the guiding track;

[0024] The left specimen chamber is arranged at the left end of the shear bottom plate, the right specimen chamber is arranged at the right end of the shear bottom plate, there is a space between the left specimen chamber and the right specimen chamber, and the left specimen chamber and the right specimen chamber are connected by a plurality of the pull rods;

[0025] Both ends of the shear specimen are respectively located in the left specimen chamber and the right specimen chamber. The anchor passes through the shear specimen and is fixedly connected to the shear specimen, and both ends of the anchor are respectively connected to the left specimen chamber and the right specimen chamber;

[0026] The loading head acts on the middle position of the shear specimen.

[0027] Further, the anchor solid double-shear unit further includes a spoke-type force sensor, and the spoke-type force sensor is arranged at both ends of the anchor.

[0028] Further, the surface protection structure performance testing unit includes a support frame, a lateral confining pressure plate, a normal reaction plate, a normal loading airbag, an anchor mesh, a surface protection structure pulling specimen and an anchor;

[0029] An anchor mesh anchoring port is opened at the middle position of the lower end of the support frame, and a plurality of lateral confining pressure plates are arranged at the edge position of the support frame, and the normal reaction plate is arranged at the upper end of the lateral confining pressure plate;

[0030] The normal loading airbag is arranged on the normal reaction plate corresponding to the position of the anchor mesh anchoring port;

[0031] The anchor mesh is assembled at the position of the anchor mesh anchoring port at the lower end of the support frame;

[0032] The lateral enclosing pressing plate, the normal-direction loading airbag and the anchor net jointly enclose to form a pulling test sample space of the surface protection structure;

[0033] The pulling test sample of the surface protection structure is loaded into the pulling test sample space of the surface protection structure. The anchor passes through the pulling test sample of the surface protection structure and is anchored and connected to the pulling test sample of the surface protection structure. The lower end of the anchor is connected to the anchor net through an anchoring component. The upper end of the anchor passes through the normal-direction loading airbag and the normal-direction reaction plate, and the upper end of the anchor is connected to the loading head.

[0034] Furthermore, it further includes a moving unit. The moving unit includes a support main body, a lifting column, a guide rail wheel and a lifting support part;

[0035] The support main body is respectively arranged on the confining pressure pulling unit of the anchor body, the double-shear unit of the anchor body and the performance test unit of the surface protection structure;

[0036] A plurality of lifting columns are arranged at the edge position of the support main body. The lifting column can move longitudinally relative to the support main body and be locked. The lower end of the lifting column is rotatably connected to the guide rail wheel, and the guide rail wheel is in rolling contact with the guiding track;

[0037] A plurality of lifting support parts are arranged at the edge position of the support main body. The lifting support part is used to cooperate with the jack, and the support main body is lifted and lowered by the jack.

[0038] A test method for the deep rock mass engineering anchorage support system applies the above-mentioned deep rock mass engineering anchorage support system test platform. The method can alternatively perform a confining pressure pulling test, a double-shear test and a surface protection structure performance test:

[0039] a. Confining pressure pulling test

[0040] Step a1. Specimen installation

[0041] Load the confining pressure pulling test sample into the confining pressure pulling test sample space of the confining pressure pulling unit of the anchor body. Anchor one end of the anchor to the inside of the confining pressure pulling test sample through an anchoring agent. The other end of the anchor passes through the loop-shaped reaction frame. Move the confining pressure chamber to the upper end face of the base through the guiding track, and connect the other end of the anchor to the loading head of the loading main machine through an anchoring component;

[0042] Step a2. Confining pressure loading

[0043] The X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder respectively apply pressure to the confining pressure pulling test sample in the X-axis and Y-axis directions; among them, the pressures applied by the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders along the vertical direction to the confining pressure pulling test sample are the same or different, and the pressures applied by the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders along the vertical direction to the confining pressure pulling test sample are the same or different;

[0044] Step a3. Confining pressure pulling loading

[0045] According to the pulling speed and pulling stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host pulls the anchor upward, and the pressure sensor collects load data in real time, and the displacement sensor collects displacement data in real time, thereby obtaining the time-load curve, time-displacement curve and displacement-load curve;

[0046] b. Double shear test

[0047] Step b1: Sample installation

[0048] Place the two ends of the shear specimen in the left and right specimen compartments of the double shear unit of the anchor body respectively, pass the anchor through the shear specimen and anchor the shear specimen with the anchoring agent, connect the two ends of the anchor to the left and right specimen compartments respectively through the anchoring assembly, move the shear base plate to the upper end surface of the base via the guide rail, and apply the loading head of the loading host to the middle position of the shear specimen;

[0049] Step b2: Cut and load

[0050] According to the shear speed and shear stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host loads the shear specimen downwards, the pressure sensor collects the shear load data in real time, the displacement sensor collects the shear displacement data in real time, and the spoke-type force sensor collects the anchor tension data in real time;

[0051] c. Performance test of protective structure

[0052] Step c1: Sample installation

[0053] The surface protection structure pull-out specimen is loaded into the surface protection structure pull-out specimen space of the surface protection structure performance test unit, the anchor is passed through the surface protection structure pull-out specimen and connected to the surface protection structure pull-out specimen through the anchoring agent, the lower end of the anchor is connected to the anchor net through the anchor assembly, the upper end of the anchor is passed through the normal loading airbag and the normal reaction plate, the normal loading airbag is filled with gas of set pressure, the normal loading airbag is made to fit the surface protection structure pull-out specimen, the support frame is moved to the upper end surface of the base via the guide rail, and the upper end of the anchor is connected to the loading head;

[0054] Step c2: Pulling and loading of support components

[0055] According to the pulling speed and pulling stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host pulls the anchor upward, and the pressure sensor collects load data in real time to achieve the anchor preload. Gas is continued to be filled into the normal loading airbag to make the surface protection structure pulling specimen drive the anchor net to protrude downward. The displacement sensor collects displacement data in real time to obtain the time-load curve, time-displacement curve and displacement-load curve; at the same time, the damage of the anchor net, surface protection structure pulling specimen and anchor is observed.

[0056] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0057] The present invention can conveniently carry out confining pressure pull-out tests, double shear tests and surface protection structure performance tests through a set of test platforms, and can truly simulate the stress conditions of the anchor support system, conduct accurate mechanical tests on the anchor support system, test the bearing capacity of the anchor support system, and reveal the corresponding action mechanism of the anchor support system, so that the relevant test results can provide key theoretical and technical support for the safe construction of deep rock engineering and the efficient and safe exploitation of deep earth resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the layout of the test platform for the anchoring support system for deep rock engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the layout of the main part of the test platform for the anchor support system for deep rock engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the arrangement for conducting confining pressure pullout tests on a test platform for an anchoring support system for deep rock engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the arrangement for conducting a double shear test on a test platform for an anchor support system for deep rock engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the layout of a test platform for an anchor support system for deep rock engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention for testing the performance of a surface protection structure;

[0063] Figure 6 A stereogram of a host computer loaded with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 7 Loading the main view of the host for the embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 8 A side view of a host computer according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0066] Figure 9 A three-dimensional diagram of an anchor body confining pressure drawing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 10 This is a front view of an anchor body confining pressure drawing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Middle AA section view;

[0069] Figure 12 A top view of an anchor body confining pressure drawing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 13 It is a partial perspective view of the confining pressure pulling unit of the anchor solid in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 14 It is a perspective view of the double-shear unit of the anchor solid in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 15 It is a top view of the double-shear unit of the anchor solid in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 16 It is Figure 15 the sectional view taken along line B-B in

[0074] Figure 17 It is a side view of the double-shear unit of the anchor solid in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 18 It is a perspective view of the surface protection structure performance test unit in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 19 It is a front view of the cooperation between the surface protection structure performance test unit and the loading host in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 20 It is a partial perspective view of the surface protection structure performance test unit in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 21 It is a bottom view of the surface protection structure performance test unit in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 22 It is a front view of the surface protection structure performance test unit in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 23 It is Figure 22 the sectional view taken along line C-C in Detailed implementation manners

[0081] To make the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention will be shown in more comprehensive descriptions with reference to the attached drawings later. In fact, various embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments described herein; on the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention meets the applicable legal requirements.

[0082] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "inside", "outside", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0083] In an embodiment of the present invention, a test platform and method for an anchorage support system for deep rock mass engineering are provided. Please refer to Figures 1 to 23 as shown.

[0084] A test platform for an anchorage support system for deep rock mass engineering includes a loading main machine 1, a guiding track 2, an anchor body confining pressure pulling and drawing unit 3, an anchor body double-shear unit 4, a surface protection structure performance testing unit 5, a moving unit, a hydraulic servo system 7, a control system 81, and a control operation system 82.

[0085] The loading main machine 1 includes a base 11, a column 12, a reaction frame 13, a hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14, and a loading head; the guiding track 2 passes through the upper end surface of the base 11, the reaction frame 13 is located directly above the base 11, and the base 11 and the reaction frame 13 are connected by four columns 12. The cylinder end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14 is arranged on the reaction frame 13; the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14 is arranged along the vertical direction, and the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14 is provided with a loading head; the loading head selectively acts on the anchor body confining pressure pulling and drawing unit 3, the anchor body double-shear unit 4, and the surface protection structure performance testing unit 5.

[0086] The loading head includes an upper loading seat 151, a lower loading seat 152, and a loading frame 153; the upper loading seat 151 is connected to the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14, the lower loading seat 152 is located below the upper loading seat 151, and the upper loading seat 151 and the lower loading seat 152 are connected by the loading frame 153. When the loading head moves downward for the loading action, the lower loading seat 152 directly acts on the application object, such as directly acting on the shear specimen 45 in the anchor body double-shear unit 4. The end of the anchor 9 passes through the lower loading seat 152 from below and exposes from above the lower loading seat 152, and the end of the anchor 9 is fixedly connected to the lower loading seat 15 via an anchoring assembly. When the loading head moves upward for the loading action, it can drive the anchor 9 for the pulling and drawing action, such as the lower loading seat 152 driving the anchor 9 in the anchor body confining pressure pulling and drawing unit 3 and the surface protection structure performance testing unit 5 for the pulling and drawing action.

[0087] The loading host 1 further includes a displacement sensor 16 and a pressure sensor 17. The sensing end of the displacement sensor 16 is arranged inside the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14 and is used to monitor the hydraulic oil pressure inside the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14. The pressure sensor 17 is arranged between the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder 14 and the loading head and is used to monitor the pressure applied by the loading head.

[0088] The performance test experiment of the support member can be realized by the loading host 1 itself: connect one end of the anchor 9 to the base 11, connect the other end of the anchor 9 to the loading head, and directly conduct a pulling test on the anchor 9 to test the bearing performance of the anchor 9 and the anchoring components (such as trays, nuts, etc.); place rock blocks, concrete blocks, etc. on the base 11, and load the rock blocks, concrete blocks, etc. through the loading head.

[0089] The guiding tracks 2 are arranged in several groups, and the guiding tracks 2 pass through the loading host 1 and extend towards the periphery of the loading host 1. Among them, the guiding tracks 2 are arranged in two groups vertically.

[0090] The anchor body confining pressure pulling unit 3 is arranged at one end of the first group of guiding tracks 2. The anchor body confining pressure pulling unit 3 can move along the guiding tracks 2 to the position of the loading host 1, and the loading host 1 acts on the anchor body confining pressure pulling unit 3 to conduct a confining pressure pulling test.

[0091] The anchor body double-shear unit 4 is arranged at the other end of the first group of guiding tracks 2. The anchor body double-shear unit 4 can move along the guiding tracks 2 to the position of the loading host 1, and the loading host 1 acts on the anchor body double-shear unit 4 to conduct a double-shear test.

[0092] The surface protection structure performance test unit 5 is arranged at one end of the second group of guiding tracks 2. The surface protection structure performance test unit 5 can move along the guiding tracks 2 to the position of the loading host 1, and the loading host 1 acts on the surface protection structure performance test unit 5 to conduct an anchor mesh pulling test.

[0093] The confining pressure pull-out unit 3 of the anchor solid includes a confining pressure chamber 31, an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 32, a Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 33, a loop-shaped reaction frame 34, a confining pressure pull-out specimen 35, and an anchor 9. The confining pressure chamber 31 can move to the upper end surface of the base 11 through the guiding track 2; a plurality of X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 32 are arranged vertically along the left side of the confining pressure chamber 31, the telescopic ends of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 32 extend and contract along the X direction, and an X-direction confining pressure loading plate 321 is arranged at the telescopic end of each X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 32, and there is a space between the X-direction confining pressure loading plate 321 and the right inner wall of the confining pressure chamber 31; a plurality of Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 33 are arranged vertically along the front side of the confining pressure chamber 31, the telescopic ends of the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 33 extend and contract along the Y direction, and a Y-direction confining pressure loading plate 331 is arranged at the telescopic end of each Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 33, and there is a space between the Y-direction confining pressure loading plate 331 and the rear inner wall of the confining pressure chamber 31. A specimen loading port is opened at the upper end of the confining pressure chamber 31, and a loop-shaped reaction frame 34 is assembled on the specimen loading port. The X-direction confining pressure loading plate 321, the right inner wall of the confining pressure chamber 31, the Y-direction confining pressure loading plate 331, the rear inner wall of the confining pressure chamber 31, the inner wall of the lower end surface of the confining pressure chamber 31, and the loop-shaped reaction frame 34 jointly define a confining pressure pull-out specimen space. The confining pressure pull-out specimen 35 is loaded into the confining pressure pull-out specimen space, one end of the anchor 9 is anchored and connected to the inside of the confining pressure pull-out specimen 35, the other end of the anchor 9 passes through the loop-shaped reaction frame 34, and the other end of the anchor 9 is connected to a loading head.

[0094] The X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 32 applies X-direction surrounding rock loading to the confining pressure pull-out specimen 35, and the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 33 applies Y-direction surrounding rock loading to the confining pressure pull-out specimen 35. A plurality of X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 32 are arranged vertically, and the pressures applied by the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 32 along the vertical direction to the confining pressure pull-out specimen 35 are the same or different; a plurality of Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 33 are arranged vertically, and the pressures applied by the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 33 along the vertical direction to the confining pressure pull-out specimen 35 are the same or different. When the pressures applied by the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 32 to the confining pressure pull-out specimen 35 are the same, and the pressures applied by the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 33 to the confining pressure pull-out specimen 35 are the same, uniform loading is achieved on the confining pressure pull-out specimen 35; when the pressures applied by the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 32 to the confining pressure pull-out specimen 35 are different, and / or, the pressures applied by the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 33 to the confining pressure pull-out specimen 35 are different, non-uniform loading is achieved on the confining pressure pull-out specimen 35.

[0095] The double-shear unit 4 of the anchor solid includes a shear bottom plate 41, a left specimen chamber 42, a right specimen chamber 43, a pull rod 44, a shear specimen 45 and an anchor 9. The shear bottom plate 41 can be moved to the upper end surface of the base 11 through the guiding track 2. A left specimen chamber 42 is arranged at the left end of the shear bottom plate 41, and a right specimen chamber 43 is arranged at the right end of the shear bottom plate 41. There is a space between the left specimen chamber 42 and the right specimen chamber 43, and the left specimen chamber 42 and the right specimen chamber 43 are connected by two pull rods 44 respectively in the front and back. Among them, the left specimen chamber 42 includes a left vertical plate 421, a left front chamber plate 422, a left rear chamber plate and an upper left cover plate 423. The left vertical plate 421 is located at the middle position on the left side of the shear bottom plate 41. The left vertical plate 421, the left front chamber plate 422 and the left rear chamber plate extend vertically. The left front chamber plate 422 is located at the front end on the left side of the shear bottom plate 41, and the left rear chamber plate is located at the rear end on the left side of the shear bottom plate 41. The upper left cover plate 423 connects the upper ends of the left front chamber plate 422 and the left rear chamber plate, and the right end of the left specimen chamber 42 is open. The right specimen chamber 43 includes a right vertical plate 431, a right front chamber plate 432, a right rear chamber plate and an upper right cover plate 433. The right vertical plate 431 is located at the middle position on the right side of the shear bottom plate 41. The right vertical plate 431, the right front chamber plate 432 and the right rear chamber plate extend vertically. The right front chamber plate 432 is located at the front end on the right side of the shear bottom plate 41, and the right rear chamber plate is located at the rear end on the right side of the shear bottom plate 41. The upper right cover plate 433 connects the upper ends of the right front chamber plate 432 and the right rear chamber plate, and the left end of the right specimen chamber 43 is open. The two ends of the shear specimen 45 are respectively located in the left specimen chamber 42 and the right specimen chamber 43. The anchor 9 passes through the shear specimen 45 and is anchored to connect the shear specimen 45. The two ends of the anchor 9 are respectively connected to the left specimen chamber 42 and the right specimen chamber 43 through the anchoring components; the loading head acts on the middle position of the shear specimen 45. The double-shear unit 4 of the anchor solid further includes a spoke-type force sensor 46. The spoke-type force sensor 46 is arranged at both ends of the anchor 9, and the spoke-type force sensor 46 is used to collect the anchor tension data in real time.

[0096] The surface protection structure performance test unit 5 includes a support frame 51, lateral surrounding pressure plates 52, a normal reaction force plate 53, a normal loading airbag 54, an anchor mesh 55, a surface protection structure pull-out specimen 56, and an anchor 9. An anchor mesh anchoring port is provided at the middle position of the lower end of the support frame 51. Four lateral surrounding pressure plates 52 are provided at the edge positions of the support frame 51, and a normal reaction force plate 53 is provided at the upper ends of the lateral surrounding pressure plates 52. A normal loading airbag 54 is provided at the position of the normal reaction force plate 53 corresponding to the anchor mesh anchoring port. The normal loading airbag 54 is connected to an airbag loading air pipe 57, and gas with a set pressure is injected into the normal loading airbag 54 through the airbag loading air pipe 57. After the normal loading airbag 54 is inflated, the normal loading airbag 54 acts in a fitting manner on the surface protection structure pull-out specimen 56 to simulate the action of the overlying strata on the immediate roof (the surface protection structure pull-out specimen 56). The anchor mesh 55 is assembled at the position of the anchor mesh anchoring port at the lower end of the support frame 51. The lateral surrounding pressure plates 52, the normal loading airbag 54, and the anchor mesh 55 jointly enclose to form a surface protection structure pull-out specimen space. The surface protection structure pull-out specimen 56 is loaded into the surface protection structure pull-out specimen space. The anchor 9 passes through the surface protection structure pull-out specimen 56 and is anchored and connected to the surface protection structure pull-out specimen 56. The lower end of the anchor 9 is connected to the anchor mesh 55 through an anchoring component. The upper end of the anchor 9 passes through the normal loading airbag 54 and the normal reaction force plate 53, and the upper end of the anchor 9 is connected to a loading head.

[0097] The moving unit includes a support main body, lifting columns 61, guide wheels 62, and a height-lifting support part 63. The support main body is respectively provided on the anchor solid confining pressure pull-out unit 3, the anchor solid double-shear unit 4, and the surface protection structure performance test unit 5. Specifically, the support main body on the anchor solid confining pressure pull-out unit 3 is the confining pressure chamber 31, the support main body on the anchor solid double-shear unit 4 is the shear bottom plate 41, and the support main body on the surface protection structure performance test unit 5 is the support frame 51. A number of lifting columns 61 are provided at the edge positions of the support main body. The lifting columns 61 can move longitudinally relative to the support main body and be locked. The lower ends of the lifting columns 61 are rotatably connected to the guide wheels 62, and the guide wheels 62 are in rolling contact with the guiding track 2. A number of height-lifting support parts 63 are provided at the edge positions of the support main body. The height-lifting support parts 63 are used to cooperate with a jack, and the support main body is lifted and lowered by the jack.

[0098] When the support main body needs to be moved, first use the jack to cooperate with the lifting support part 63 to lift the support main body through the jack. Lower the lifting column 61 relative to the support main body along the longitudinal direction and lock it, so that the guide wheel 62 contacts the guiding track 2. Then disconnect the jack from the lifting support part 63, and the operator pushes the support main body to make the guide wheel 62 move along the guiding track 2. When the support main body moves to the place, first use the jack to cooperate with the lifting support part 63 to lift the support main body through the jack. Move the lifting column 61 relative to the support main body along the longitudinal direction upward and lock it, so that the guide wheel 62 disengages from the guiding track 2. Then disconnect the jack from the lifting support part 63 to keep the support main body in the position. In addition, a positioning pin 64 is also provided on the support main body. When the support main body moves to the upper end surface of the base 11, it is matched with the positioning hole on the upper end surface of the base 11 through the positioning pin 64 to realize the positioning of the support main body and avoid the position deviation of the support main body during the test, which affects the test accuracy.

[0099] The hydraulic servo system 7 is used to provide hydraulic power for each hydraulic cylinder and jack.

[0100] The control system 82 is connected to the control system 81 through a signal cable. The control system 81 is connected to various sensors, hydraulic cylinders, the hydraulic servo system 7 and other components through signal cables. The operator operates the control system 81 through the control system 82. The control system 81 collects and processes data in real time and realizes the action control of components such as hydraulic cylinders and the hydraulic servo system 7.

[0101] A test method for the deep rock mass engineering anchorage support system applies the deep rock mass engineering anchorage support system test platform described above in this embodiment. The method can alternatively perform the confining pressure pull-out test, the double-shear test and the surface protection structure performance test:

[0102] a. Confining pressure pull-out test

[0103] Step a1. Specimen installation

[0104] Load the confining pressure pull-out specimen 35 into the confining pressure pull-out specimen space of the confining pressure pull-out unit 3 of the anchor body. Fix one end of the anchor 9 to the inside of the confining pressure pull-out specimen 35 through the anchoring agent. The other end of the anchor 9 passes through the loop-shaped reaction frame 34. Move the confining pressure chamber 31 to the upper end surface of the base 11 along the guiding track 2. Connect the other end of the anchor 9 to the loading head of the loading host 1 through the anchoring component;

[0105] Step a2. Confining pressure loading

[0106] The X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 32 and the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 33 apply pressure to the confined pressure drawing specimen 35 in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, respectively. The pressures applied by the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 32 along the vertical direction to the confined pressure drawing specimen 35 may be the same or different, and the pressures applied by the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders 33 along the vertical direction to the confined pressure drawing specimen 35 may be the same or different.

[0107] Step a3: Confining pressure drawing loading

[0108] According to the pulling speed and pulling stroke set in the test, the anchor 9 is pulled upward by the loading head of the loading host 1, and the load data is collected in real time by the pressure sensor 17, and the displacement data is collected in real time by the displacement sensor 16, thereby obtaining the time-load curve, time-displacement curve and displacement-load curve;

[0109] b. Double shear test

[0110] Step b1: Sample installation

[0111] Place the two ends of the shear specimen 45 in the left specimen compartment 42 and the right specimen compartment 43 of the anchor double shear unit 4, respectively. Pass the anchor 9 through the shear specimen 45 and anchor the shear specimen 45 with an anchoring agent. The two ends of the anchor 9 are connected to the outer end surfaces of the left specimen compartment 42 and the right specimen compartment 43 via anchoring assemblies. Move the shear base plate 41 to the upper end surface of the base 11 via the guide rail 2. Move the loading head of the loading host 1 to the middle position of the shear specimen 45.

[0112] Step b2: Cut and load

[0113] According to the shear speed and shear stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host 1 loads the shear specimen 45 downward, the pressure sensor 17 collects the shear load data in real time, the displacement sensor 16 collects the shear displacement data in real time, and the spoke-type force sensor 46 collects the anchor tension data in real time;

[0114] c. Performance test of protective structure

[0115] Step c1: Sample installation

[0116] The protective structure pulling specimen 56 is loaded into the protective structure pulling specimen space of the protective structure performance testing unit 5, the anchor 9 is passed through the protective structure pulling specimen 56 and anchored to the protective structure pulling specimen 56 via an anchoring agent, the lower end of the anchor 9 is connected to the anchor net 55 via an anchor assembly, the upper end of the anchor 9 is passed through the normal loading airbag 54 and the normal reaction plate 53, and the normal loading airbag 54 is filled with gas of a set pressure through the airbag loading air pipe 57, so that the normal loading airbag 54 fits the protective structure pulling specimen 56, the support frame 51 is moved to the upper end surface of the base 11 via the guide rail 2, and the upper end of the anchor 9 is connected to the loading head;

[0117] Step c2: Pulling and loading of support components

[0118] According to the pulling speed and pulling stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host 1 pulls the anchor 9 upward, and the pressure sensor 17 collects load data in real time to achieve the anchor preload, and continues to fill the normal loading airbag 54 with gas to make the surface protection structure pulling specimen 56 drive the anchor net 55 to protrude downward, simulating the effect of the overlying rock strata on the direct top and the anchor net 55. The displacement sensor 16 collects displacement data in real time to obtain the time-load curve, time-displacement curve and displacement load curve; at the same time, observe the damage of the anchor net 55, the surface protection structure pulling specimen 56 and the anchor 9.

[0119] So far, the present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of the test platform and method for the deep rock engineering anchoring support system of the present invention. The test platform and method for the deep rock engineering anchoring support system of the present invention can conveniently carry out confining pressure pull-out tests, double shear tests, and surface protection structure performance tests through a set of test platforms, and can truly simulate the stress conditions of the anchoring support system, conduct accurate mechanical tests on the anchoring support system, test the bearing capacity of the anchoring support system, reveal the corresponding action mechanism of the anchoring support system, and enable the relevant test results to provide key theoretical and technical support for the safe construction of deep rock engineering and the efficient and safe exploitation of deep resources.

[0120] Of course, the specific embodiments described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep rock engineering anchor support system test platform, characterized by: include: Load the host; Guide rails, which are arranged in a plurality of groups, and which pass through the loading host and extend toward the periphery of the loading host; The anchor body confining pressure drawing unit is arranged on one set of guide rails and can be moved along the guide rails to the position of the loading host. The loading host acts on the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit to perform the confining pressure drawing test; The anchor double shear unit is arranged on one set of guide rails and can be moved along the guide rails to the position of the loading host. The loading host acts on the anchor double shear unit to perform a double shear test. The surface protection structure performance test unit is arranged on one set of guide rails and can be moved along the guide rails to the loading host position. The loading host acts on the surface protection structure performance test unit to perform the anchor net pull-out test; The loading host includes a base, a column, a reaction frame, a hollow loading hydraulic cylinder and a loading head; the guide rail passes through the upper end surface of the base, the base and the reaction frame are connected via a plurality of columns, and the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the reaction frame; the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder is arranged in a vertical direction, and the loading head is provided at the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder; the loading head selectively acts on the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit, the anchor body double shear unit and the surface protection structure performance testing unit; The loading host further includes a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor. The sensing end of the displacement sensor is arranged inside the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder to monitor the hydraulic oil pressure in the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder. The pressure sensor is arranged between the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder and the loading head to monitor the pressure applied by the loading head. The loading head includes an upper loading seat, a lower loading seat and a loading frame; The upper loading seat is connected to the telescopic end of the hollow loading hydraulic cylinder, the lower loading seat is located below the upper loading seat, and the upper loading seat and the lower loading seat are connected via a loading frame; The anchor body confining pressure drawing unit includes a confining pressure chamber, an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, a Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, a circular reaction frame, a confining pressure drawing specimen and an anchor; The confined pressure chamber can be moved to the upper end surface of the base via the guide rail; A plurality of X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders are vertically arranged on the left side of the confining pressure chamber, and the telescopic ends of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinders are telescopic along the X-direction. An X-direction confining pressure loading plate is arranged at the telescopic end of each X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, and a space is left between the X-direction confining pressure loading plate and the right inner wall of the confining pressure chamber; A plurality of Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders are vertically arranged on the front side of the confining pressure chamber. The telescopic ends of the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinders are telescopic along the Y direction. A Y-direction confining pressure loading plate is arranged at the telescopic end of each Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder. A space is left between the Y-direction confining pressure loading plate and the rear inner wall of the confining pressure chamber. A sample loading port is provided at the upper end of the confining pressure chamber, and the circular reaction frame is mounted on the sample loading port; The X-direction confining pressure loading plate, the right inner wall of the confining pressure chamber, the Y-direction confining pressure loading plate, the rear inner wall of the confining pressure chamber, the lower end inner wall of the confining pressure chamber, and the rounded reaction frame together define the confining pressure drawing specimen space; The confined pressure drawing specimen is loaded into the confined pressure drawing specimen space, one end of the anchor is anchored and connected to the inside of the confined pressure drawing specimen, the other end of the anchor passes through the round-shaped reaction frame, and the other end of the anchor is connected to the loading head; The anchor double shear unit includes a shear base plate, a left sample chamber, a right sample chamber, a tension rod, a shear sample and an anchor; The shear base plate can be moved to the upper end surface of the base via the guide rail; The left sample compartment is provided at the left end of the shear base plate, and the right sample compartment is provided at the right end of the shear base plate. A space is left between the left sample compartment and the right sample compartment, and the left sample compartment and the right sample compartment are connected via a plurality of tie rods. The two ends of the shear specimen are respectively located in the left specimen compartment and the right specimen compartment, the anchor passes through the shear specimen and is anchored to the shear specimen, and the two ends of the anchor are respectively connected to the left specimen compartment and the right specimen compartment; The loading head acts on the middle position of the shear specimen; The surface protection structure performance test unit includes a support frame, a lateral confining pressure plate, a normal reaction plate, a normal loading airbag, an anchor net, a surface protection structure pull-out specimen and an anchor; An anchoring opening for the anchor net is provided at the middle position of the lower end of the support frame, a plurality of lateral confining pressure plates are provided at the edge position of the support frame, and the normal reaction plate is provided at the upper end of the lateral confining pressure plates; The normal loading airbag is arranged at the position of the normal reaction plate corresponding to the anchoring port of the anchor net; The lower end of the support frame is equipped with the anchor net at the position of the anchor net anchoring port; The lateral confining pressure plate, normal loading airbag and anchor net together form the surface protection structure pulling specimen space; The surface protection structure pull-out specimen is loaded in the surface protection structure pull-out specimen space, the anchor passes through the surface protection structure pull-out specimen and is anchored to the surface protection structure pull-out specimen, the lower end of the anchor is connected to the anchor net via the anchor assembly, the upper end of the anchor passes through the normal loading airbag and the normal reaction plate, and the upper end of the anchor is connected to the loading head.

2. A deep rock engineering anchoring support system test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor double shear unit further includes a spoke-type force sensor, which is arranged at both ends of the anchor.

3. A deep rock engineering anchoring support system test platform according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes a moving unit, which includes a supporting body, a lifting column, a guide wheel and a lifting support part; The supporting bodies are respectively arranged on the anchor body confining pressure drawing unit, the anchor body double shear unit and the surface protection structure performance testing unit; A plurality of lifting columns are provided at the edge of the support body, the lifting columns can move longitudinally relative to the support body and be locked, the lower ends of the lifting columns are rotatably connected to the guide wheels, and the guide wheels roll in contact with the guide rails; A plurality of raising support parts are arranged at the edge of the supporting body, and the raising support parts are used to cooperate with the jack, and the jack drives the supporting body to rise and fall.

4. A test method for anchor support system in deep rock engineering, characterized in that: The deep rock engineering anchor support system test platform according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used, and the method can selectively carry out confining pressure pull-out test, double shear test and surface protection structure performance test: a. Confining pressure pull-out test Step a1: Sample installation The confined pressure drawing specimen is loaded into the confined pressure drawing specimen space of the confined pressure drawing unit of the anchor body, one end of the anchor is connected to the inside of the confined pressure drawing specimen through the anchoring agent, the other end of the anchor passes through the round-shaped reaction frame, the confined pressure chamber is moved to the upper end surface of the base through the guide rail, and the other end of the anchor is connected to the loading head of the loading host through the anchor assembly; Step a2: Confining pressure loading The X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and the Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder apply pressure to the confined pressure drawing specimen in the X-axis and Y-axis directions respectively; wherein the pressures applied to the confined pressure drawing specimen by each X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder along the vertical direction are the same or different, and the pressures applied to the confined pressure drawing specimen by each Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder along the vertical direction are the same or different; Step a3: Confining pressure drawing loading According to the pulling speed and pulling stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host pulls the anchor upward, and the pressure sensor collects load data in real time, and the displacement sensor collects displacement data in real time, thereby obtaining the time-load curve, time-displacement curve and displacement-load curve; b. Double shear test Step b1: Sample installation Place the two ends of the shear specimen in the left and right specimen compartments of the double shear unit of the anchor body respectively, pass the anchor through the shear specimen and anchor the shear specimen with the anchoring agent, connect the two ends of the anchor to the left and right specimen compartments respectively through the anchoring assembly, move the shear base plate to the upper end surface of the base via the guide rail, and apply the loading head of the loading host to the middle position of the shear specimen; Step b2: Cut and load According to the shear speed and shear stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host loads the shear specimen downwards, the pressure sensor collects the shear load data in real time, the displacement sensor collects the shear displacement data in real time, and the spoke-type force sensor collects the anchor tension data in real time; c. Performance test of protective structure Step c1: Sample installation The surface protection structure pull-out specimen is loaded into the surface protection structure pull-out specimen space of the surface protection structure performance test unit, the anchor is passed through the surface protection structure pull-out specimen and the surface protection structure pull-out specimen is anchored and connected via an anchoring agent, the lower end of the anchor is connected to the anchor net via an anchor assembly, the upper end of the anchor is passed through the normal loading airbag and the normal reaction plate, the normal loading airbag is filled with gas of a set pressure, the normal loading airbag is made to fit the surface protection structure pull-out specimen, the support frame is moved to the upper end surface of the base via the guide rail, and the upper end of the anchor is connected to the loading head; Step c2: Pulling and loading of support components According to the pulling speed and pulling stroke set in the test, the loading head of the loading host pulls the anchor upward, and the pressure sensor collects load data in real time to achieve the anchor preload. Gas is continued to be filled into the normal loading airbag to make the surface protection structure pulling specimen drive the anchor net to protrude downward. The displacement sensor collects displacement data in real time to obtain the time-load curve, time-displacement curve and displacement-load curve; at the same time, the damage of the anchor net, surface protection structure pulling specimen and anchor is observed.

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