Oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed in surrounding mode and method

Abstract

The invention provides an oil spill monitoring device and method with self-cleaning sensors distributed in a surrounding mode. The oil spill monitoring device comprises a control unit and a substrate, the ultraviolet solid-state light source is fixed on the substrate through a printed circuit, and the plurality of fluorescent sensors are distributed around the ultraviolet solid-state light source by taking the ultraviolet solid-state light source as a center; the ultraviolet solid-state light source and the fluorescent sensor are sleeved with lens cones, convex lenses are placed in the lens cones, and the ultraviolet solid-state light source is located on the focus of the convex lenses; the control unit sends out a pulse signal, and a power supply of the ultraviolet solid-state light source receives the pulse signal sent out by the control unit to drive the light source to be switched on and off and control the ultraviolet solid-state light source to flash discontinuously; the fluorescence sensor collects generated fluorescence signals and transmits the fluorescence signals to the control unit for processing, and oil spill monitoring is carried out. According to the oil leakage monitoring device, the sensitivity of equipment is ensured, even if only a little oil appears below, the equipment can also monitor, and therefore it is ensured that the oil leakage phenomenon is accurately monitored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of surface oil spill monitoring, and in particular relates to an oil spill monitoring transmitting and receiving device based on fluorescence excitation, an oil spill monitoring device and a method with self-cleaning sensors distributed around. Background Art

[0002] The oil spill accidents caused by offshore oil production and transportation are increasing day by day, causing serious water pollution and ecological damage, and gradually endangering human life and health, which also makes the oil pollution problem enter the public's field of vision. According to the relevant provisions of the State Environmental Protection, all oil-related enterprises and units must establish an oil spill emergency response plan to achieve the strategic goal of protecting the marine environment and promoting the sustainable development of society and economy. In order to reduce the risk of water environment, petrochemical enterprises should set up real-time oil spill monitoring systems in areas where oil spill risks may occur, such as rainwater outlets and oil terminals.

[0003] Existing oil spill monitoring methods are mainly divided into gas monitoring method, visible light method, infrared photometry method, ultraviolet photometry method, microwave radiometer method, electromagnetic energy absorption method, fluorescence spectroscopy method, etc. The principle of using fluorescence technology for oil spill monitoring is that the ultraviolet light source transmits light to the water surface through the transmitting light path, excites the oil on the liquid surface, generates fluorescence, and reaches the monitoring equipment along the receiving light path. The monitoring equipment processes the received light and determines whether there is oil spill on the water surface.

[0004] The existing oil spill monitoring devices that detect oil fluorescence (using ultraviolet light excitation) basically use photodiodes as detectors, which have extremely low sensitivity and relatively weak oil fluorescence signals. When the detection device is far away from the target oil spill water surface, its fluorescence intensity weakens, and the fluorescence receiving device collects less fluorescence, making it difficult to monitor the occurrence of oil spills, and the occurrence of oil spills cannot be detected. Moreover, during the monitoring process, fluorescence is easily missed, so that accurate monitoring cannot be performed when the oil output is small. In addition, during the monitoring process of the existing oil spill monitoring device, if dust or debris appears on the light path of the light source and sensor, it will have a direct impact on the light path, thereby affecting the accuracy of oil spill monitoring.

[0005] The purpose of this patent is to solve the problems existing in the background technology, and to solve the problem of fluorescence leakage by using the special distribution of sensors and light sources, and the number of sensors, and to achieve self-cleaning through a blower mechanism to prevent impurities on the light path from affecting the reflection of the light source. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an oil spill monitoring system and method with self-cleaning sensors distributed around the monitoring system, which can ensure the complete collection of fluorescence, avoid the inability to accurately monitor the oil spill due to the small amount of fluorescence or the omission of fluorescence collection due to the long distance; and the self-cleaning function can be realized by setting a blower mechanism.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention provides an oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around it, the oil spill monitoring device comprising a control unit, a substrate, an ultraviolet solid-state light source and a plurality of fluorescence receiving units arranged on the substrate, the ultraviolet solid-state light source being fixed on a copper or aluminum substrate in the form of a printed circuit, the plurality of fluorescence receiving units being distributed around the ultraviolet solid-state light source with the ultraviolet solid-state light source as the center; the ultraviolet solid-state light source being provided with a first lens barrel outside the outer sleeve, a first convex lens being placed inside the first lens barrel, and the ultraviolet solid-state light source being at the focus of the first convex lens; the fluorescence receiving unit comprising a fluorescence sensor and a second lens barrel disposed outside the fluorescence sensor, a second convex lens being fixedly placed inside the second lens barrel;

[0008] The control unit sends out a pulse signal, and the power supply of the ultraviolet solid-state light source receives the pulse signal sent by the control unit to drive the light source on and off, thereby controlling the ultraviolet solid-state light source to flash intermittently;

[0009] The fluorescence sensor collects the generated fluorescence signal and transmits it to the control unit for processing and oil spill monitoring.

[0010] A better technical solution of the present invention: the oil spill monitoring device also includes an outer shell and a purge mechanism, the outer shell is sleeved outside the ultraviolet solid-state light source and the multiple fluorescent receiving units, and is fixedly connected to the substrate, a visual window is provided at one end of the outer shell away from the substrate, two groups of purge mechanisms are symmetrically installed on both sides of the outer shell, the purge mechanism includes a gas compression device and a jet head, and corresponding blowing holes are opened on the outer shell, the jet heads of the two groups of purge mechanisms extend into the outer shell through the blowing holes, and spray and purge towards the inside of the outer shell.

[0011] A preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the control unit is a PLC controller arranged in the oil spill monitoring equipment, and the substrate is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate of the oil spill monitoring equipment.

[0012] A preferred technical solution of the present invention: The horizontal distance a between the fluorescence sensor in each group of fluorescence receiving units in the innermost circle and the ultraviolet solid-state light source is calculated according to the following formula:

[0013] a=H*tanα / 2

[0014] In the above formula: H is the vertical distance from the ultraviolet solid-state light source to the intersection point where the extended line of the midline of the ultraviolet solid-state light source's emission angle and the extended line of the outer edge of the fluorescence sensor's emission angle intersect behind the substrate;

[0015] α is the emission angle of the ultraviolet solid-state light source.

[0016] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is: the center distance b of adjacent fluorescent sensors is calculated according to the following formula:

[0017] b=2*H1*tanβ

[0018] In the above formula: H1 is the focal length of the plano-convex or convex lens,

[0019] β is the angle at which each fluorescence sensor receives fluorescence.

[0020] A preferred technical solution of the present invention is that filters are provided at the ports of the first lens barrel and the second lens barrel away from the aluminum substrate.

[0021] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: multiple groups of fluorescence receiving units are distributed in a multi-layer ring around the ultraviolet solid-state light source with the ultraviolet solid-state light source as the center, and the multiple groups of fluorescence receiving units on the same ring are equidistantly distributed; the ultraviolet solid-state light source adopts an ultraviolet LED light source with a wavelength of 300nm.

[0022] A more preferred technical solution of the present invention: the monitoring device also includes a blowing control system, the blowing control system includes a PLC controller and a distance sensor, the distance sensor is arranged on a substrate, the signal output end of the distance sensor is connected to the signal input end of the PLC controller, and the signal output end of the PLC controller is respectively connected to the control ends of two groups of blowing air mechanisms.

[0023] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention also provides an oil spill monitoring method with self-cleaning sensors distributed around, characterized in that: the monitoring method uses the oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 for monitoring, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0024] S1. Calculate and determine the layout position of the fluorescent sensors, which are arranged in layers in a ring around the ultraviolet solid-state light source with the ultraviolet solid-state light source as the center; the horizontal distance a of each fluorescent sensor from the ultraviolet solid-state light source is calculated according to formula ①, and the center distance b of adjacent fluorescent sensors is calculated according to formula ②:

[0025] a=H*tanα / 2 ①

[0026] In the above formula: H is the vertical distance from the ultraviolet solid-state light source to the intersection point where the extended line of the midline of the ultraviolet solid-state light source's emission angle and the extended line of the outer edge of the fluorescence sensor's emission angle intersect behind the substrate;

[0027] α is the emission angle of the UV solid-state light source;

[0028] b = 2*H1*tanβ ②

[0029] In the above formula: H1 is the focal length of the plano-convex or convex lens,

[0030] β is the angle at which each fluorescence sensor receives fluorescence;

[0031] S2. Install the ultraviolet solid-state light source and the fluorescent sensor in the middle position of the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring equipment according to the distance calculated in step S1, and monitor the water surface conditions below in real time through the visual window. The ultraviolet solid-state light source and the multiple fluorescent sensors are on the same plane, and the plane is approximately parallel to the monitored liquid surface; during the monitoring process, the ultraviolet solid-state light source generates fluorescence to the water surface, and the fluorescence excited by the ultraviolet solid-state light source is received by the fluorescent sensor to monitor the oil spill situation on the water surface.

[0032] A further technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a distance sensor and a purge mechanism are installed on the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring equipment. In the process of monitoring the oil spill situation on the water surface, the distance between the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring equipment and the water surface is monitored in real time by the distance sensor, and the distance signal is transmitted to the control unit. When the distance sensor detects that the distance between the water surface and the oil spill monitoring equipment is ≤0.3m, and at the same time, the light intensity detected by the fluorescent sensor is less than the normal value, it is determined that debris has blocked the transmitting or receiving light path lens, and the control unit controls the purge mechanism to start the purge mode.

[0033] The present invention divides the fluorescence sensors into multiple layers and distributes them alternately around the ultraviolet solid-state light source. The purpose is to collect all the fluorescence without missing any. Multiple sensors simultaneously collect the fluorescence generated at the same time period below, and even a small amount of fluorescence will not be missed. This ensures the sensitivity of the equipment, and even if only a little oil appears below, the equipment can detect it.

[0034] The ultraviolet solid-state light source and the fluorescent sensor in the present invention are both installed in the middle position below the oil spill monitoring device, and the water surface below is monitored in real time through the visual window. During use, they are approximately parallel to the monitored liquid surface.

[0035] Beneficial effects of the present invention;

[0036] (1) The detection equipment of the present invention uses the principle of ultraviolet excitation to generate fluorescence to detect the presence of oil spills below the equipment in real time. The light source uses an LED ultraviolet solid-state light source. The ultraviolet solid-state light source is controlled by the PLC controller in the equipment to emit orderly light. A plurality of fluorescence sensors are arranged around it to receive the fluorescence excited by the ultraviolet solid-state light source. The power of the ultraviolet solid-state light source is determined according to the monitoring distance, and the number of fluorescence sensors is also determined accordingly. The higher the monitoring distance, the smaller the intensity of the excited fluorescence at the sensor, and the more sensors are required, thereby ensuring the obtained light intensity; it can ensure the complete collection of fluorescence, avoid the small amount of fluorescence due to the long distance, or miss the collection of fluorescence, even if there is very little fluorescence, thus ensuring the sensitivity of the equipment, even if there is only a little oil below, the equipment can detect it, thereby ensuring accurate monitoring of the oil leakage phenomenon.

[0037] (2) The present invention installs a purge mechanism on the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring equipment, and sets an air outlet on the side of the sensor and the light source, at a position where the light source emission and fluorescence reception are not blocked. The purge mechanism is used to clear debris on the light path of the light source and the sensor to prevent these debris from affecting the light path; and the air outlet duration and air outlet interval are controlled by the single chip microcomputer in the equipment. When it is not needed, the purge mechanism can be closed to extend its service life; the gas is discharged intermittently from the air outlet at a certain frequency, which not only increases the purge force at the moment of blowing, but also reduces the power of the equipment, thereby reducing the volume of the device.

[0038] (3) The present invention installs a distance sensor on the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring device. In the process of monitoring the oil spill situation on the water surface, the distance sensor is used to monitor the distance between the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring device and the water surface in real time, and transmits the distance signal to the control unit. When the distance sensor detects that the distance between the water surface and the oil spill monitoring device is ≤0.3m, and at the same time, the light intensity detected by the photoelectric sensor is less than the normal value, the single-chip microcomputer determines that there are debris blocking the transmitting or receiving optical path lens, and the single-chip microcomputer sends a command to close the relay and trigger the compressed gas device. The compressed gas has a power regulation function. The automatic control of the purge mechanism is realized through the setting of this structure, and the purpose of self-cleaning can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of light sources and sensors in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fluorescence receiving unit in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solid-state light source in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 It is the control principle diagram of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram for calculating the horizontal distance a between the fluorescence sensor and the light source in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of calculation of the center distance b of adjacent fluorescent sensors in the present invention;

[0046] In the figure: 1—substrate, 2—ultraviolet solid-state light source, 3—fluorescence receiving unit, 300—fluorescence sensor, 301—second lens barrel, 302—second convex lens, 4—first lens barrel, 5—first convex lens, 6—outer shell, 7—purge mechanism, 8—visual window, 9—distance sensor, 10—filter, 11—oil spill monitoring equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Figures 1 to 6 The drawings are all of embodiments, which are drawn in a simplified manner and are only used for the purpose of clearly and concisely illustrating the embodiments of the present invention. The technical solutions shown in the following drawings are specific solutions of the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use, or the orientation or position relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0049] Embodiment 1 provides an oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around, such as Figures 1 to 7As shown, the oil spill monitoring device includes a control unit, a substrate 1, and an ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 and multiple fluorescence receiving units 3 arranged on the substrate 1. The ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 is fixed on the copper or aluminum substrate 1 in the form of a printed circuit. Multiple groups of fluorescence receiving units 3 are distributed around the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 in a multi-layer ring with the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 as the center, and multiple groups of fluorescence receiving units 3 on the same ring are equidistantly distributed; the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 adopts an ultraviolet LED light source with a wavelength of 300nm. The ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 is provided with a first lens barrel 4, and a first convex lens 5 is placed in the first lens barrel 4, and the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 is at the focus of the first convex lens 5; the fluorescence receiving unit 3 includes a fluorescence sensor 300 and a second lens barrel 301 arranged outside the fluorescence sensor 300, and a second convex lens 302 is fixedly placed in the second lens barrel 301; filters 10 are provided at the ports of the first lens barrel 4 and the second lens barrel 301 away from the aluminum substrate 1. The control unit sends out a pulse signal, and the power supply of the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 receives the pulse signal sent by the control unit to drive the light source on and off, and controls the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 to flash intermittently; the fluorescence sensor 300 collects the generated fluorescence signal and transmits it to the control unit for processing, and performs oil spill monitoring. The control unit is a PLC controller set in the oil spill monitoring equipment, and the substrate 1 is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate of the oil spill monitoring equipment.

[0050] Embodiment 1 provides an oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the oil spill monitoring device also includes an outer shell 6 and a purge mechanism 7. The outer shell 6 is sleeved outside the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 and the plurality of fluorescent receiving units 3, and is fixedly connected to the substrate 1. A visual window 8 is provided at one end of the outer shell 6 away from the substrate 1. Two groups of purge mechanisms 7 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the outer shell 6. The purge mechanism 7 includes a gas compression device and a jet head. Air blowing holes are correspondingly opened on the outer shell 6. The jet heads of the two groups of purge mechanisms 7 extend into the outer shell 6 through the air blowing holes and spray air toward the inner side of the outer shell 6. The monitoring device also includes a blowing control system, which includes a PLC controller and a distance sensor 9. The distance sensor 9 is arranged on the substrate 1. The signal output end of the distance sensor 9 is connected to the signal input end of the PLC controller. The signal output end of the PLC controller is respectively connected to the control ends of the two groups of purge air mechanisms 7.

[0051] The PLC controller of the blowing control system and the PLC controller of the control unit are the same controller.

[0052] In the second embodiment, the horizontal distance a between the fluorescence sensor 300 in each group of fluorescence receiving units 3 in the innermost circle and the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, it is calculated according to the following formula:

[0053] a=H*tanα / 2 ①

[0054] In the above formula: H is the vertical distance from the ultraviolet solid-state light source to the intersection point where the extended line of the midline of the ultraviolet solid-state light source's emission angle and the extended line of the outer edge of the fluorescence sensor's emission angle intersect behind the substrate;

[0055] α is the emission angle of the ultraviolet solid-state light source.

[0056] In the implementation, the center distance b of adjacent fluorescent sensors 300 is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, it is calculated according to the following formula:

[0057] b = 2*H1*tanβ ②

[0058] In the above formula: H1 is the focal length of the plano-convex or convex lens,

[0059] β is the angle at which each fluorescence sensor receives fluorescence.

[0060] Embodiment 2 provides an oil spill monitoring method with self-cleaning sensors distributed around the oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around the oil spill monitoring device in embodiment 1, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0061] S1. Calculate and determine the layout position of the fluorescent sensors, which are arranged in layers in a ring shape around the ultraviolet solid-state light source with the ultraviolet solid-state light source as the center; the horizontal distance a from each fluorescent sensor to the ultraviolet solid-state light source is calculated according to formula ①, and the center distance b of adjacent fluorescent sensors is calculated according to formula ②.

[0062] S2. Install the ultraviolet solid-state light source and the fluorescent sensor at the middle position of the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring device 11 according to the distance calculated in step S1, and monitor the water surface conditions below in real time through the visual window. The ultraviolet solid-state light source and multiple fluorescent sensors are on the same plane, and the plane is approximately parallel to the monitored liquid surface; during the monitoring process, the ultraviolet solid-state light source generates fluorescence to the water surface, and the fluorescence sensor receives the fluorescence excited by the ultraviolet solid-state light source to monitor the oil spill situation on the water surface. Specifically, the sensor optical path is placed at a distance a on both sides of the light source, and a convex lens is placed in front of the sensor, leaving part of the optical path in front to shield part of the ambient light. The sensor collects the fluorescence excited below through the convex lens and focuses it on the sensor position to obtain the strongest light. According to the calculation in step S1, a circle of sensors can be arranged behind the light source to ensure that all fluorescence generated in the area to be tested is collected. In the embodiment, the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 is fixed on the copper or aluminum substrate 1 in the form of a printed circuit, holes are left on both sides of the light source, a lens barrel is placed in front of the light source, a convex lens is placed in the lens barrel, and the wellbore is fixed on the substrate through the reserved holes, so that the light source is at the focus of the convex lens, ensuring that the emitted light is emitted in the form of a parallel beam as much as possible. When oil appears in the monitoring area, ultraviolet rays excite the oil and generate fluorescence, which enters the sensor through the optical path, and the sensor converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and sends it to the signal processing board for processing.

[0063] S3. In the embodiment, the purge device is mainly used to clean up the debris formed on the surface of the LED and sensor optical path during use; during the use of the equipment, when the monitoring liquid level rises and is close to the bottom of the equipment, water splashes onto the optical lenses of the LED and sensor, thereby causing debris to block the emission and reception of light. A distance sensor is provided at the bottom of the equipment to monitor the distance between the bottom of the equipment and the liquid surface in real time, and transmit the distance signal to the PLC controller in the equipment. When the distance sensor detects that the water surface is ≤0.3m away from the equipment, and at the same time, the light intensity detected by the photoelectric sensor is less than the normal value, the PLC controller determines that there are debris blocking the emission or reception optical path lens, and the PLC controller sends a command to close the relay and trigger the compressed gas device. The compressed gas has a power regulation function. When the purge mode is turned on, the gas is discharged intermittently from the air outlet at a certain frequency, which on the one hand increases the purge force at the moment of blowing, and on the other hand reduces the power of the equipment, thereby reducing the volume of the device. Setting of purge frequency: When the equipment determines that purge is needed, the compressed gas device starts the purge mode. The first cycle purges three times continuously, with a time interval of 10S. The single duration T is less than the LED lighting time T1. The PLC controller controls the LED lighting to be within the purge interval. Another mode is continuous purge to prevent large waves from continuously hitting the surface of the optical system of the monitoring equipment sensor. When the sensor confirms that the received light is insufficient, it will increase the power of the compressed gas device, and this power increases linearly. At the same time, the PLC controller receives the light intensity received by the sensor and determines the difference between the light intensity during the period and the normal value. When there is a difference, the compressed gas device receives the control of the PLC controller to continue to purge at this frequency until the difference is zero. At this time, the PLC controller performs a numerical judgment and stops triggering the compressed gas device. The PLC controller monitors the penetration ability of the LED and the sensor lens in real time according to this mode and performs the above operations.

[0064] According to the highest detection height, the present invention can also divide the sensors into multiple layers and distribute them around the light source in an interlaced manner, so that no fluorescence is missed and collected. Multiple sensors simultaneously collect the fluorescence generated at the same time period below. Even a small amount of fluorescence is not missed, thus ensuring the sensitivity of the equipment. Even if there is only a little oil below, the equipment can detect it.

[0065] The above is only one embodiment of the present invention, and its description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the attached claims.

Claims

1. An oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around, characterized in that: The oil spill monitoring device comprises a control unit, a substrate (1), and an ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) and a plurality of fluorescence receiving units (3) arranged on the substrate (1); the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) is fixed on the copper or aluminum substrate (1) in the form of a printed circuit; the plurality of fluorescence receiving units (3) are distributed around the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) with the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) as the center; the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) is provided with a first lens barrel (4) outside the lens barrel, a first convex lens (5) is placed inside the first lens barrel (4), and the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) is at the focus of the first convex lens (5); the fluorescence receiving unit (3) comprises a fluorescence sensor (300) and a second lens barrel (301) arranged outside the fluorescence sensor (300), and a second convex lens (302) is fixedly placed inside the second lens barrel (301); The control unit sends out a pulse signal, and the power supply of the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) receives the pulse signal sent by the control unit to drive the light source on and off, thereby controlling the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) to flash intermittently; The fluorescence sensor (300) collects the generated fluorescence signal and transmits it to the control unit for processing and oil spill monitoring.

2. The oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around the device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil spill monitoring device further comprises an outer shell (6) and a purge mechanism (7); the outer shell (6) is sleeved outside the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) and the plurality of fluorescent receiving units (3), and is fixedly connected to the substrate (1); a visual window (8) is provided at one end of the outer shell (6) away from the substrate (1); two groups of purge mechanisms (7) are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the outer shell (6); the purge mechanisms (7) comprise a gas compression device and a gas jet head; corresponding gas holes are provided on the outer shell (6); the gas jet heads of the two groups of purge mechanisms (7) extend into the outer shell (6) through the gas holes, and spray gas toward the inner side of the outer shell (6) for purge.

3. An oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around the device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The control unit is a PLC controller arranged on the oil spill monitoring device, and the base plate (1) is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate of the oil spill monitoring device.

4. An oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around the device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The horizontal distance a between the fluorescence sensor (300) in each group of fluorescence receiving units (3) in the innermost circle and the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) is calculated according to the following formula: a=H*tanα / 2 In the above formula: H is the vertical distance from the ultraviolet solid-state light source to the intersection point where the extended line of the midline of the ultraviolet solid-state light source's emission angle and the extended line of the outer edge of the fluorescence sensor's emission angle intersect behind the substrate; α is the emission angle of the ultraviolet solid-state light source.

5. An oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around the device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The center distance b between adjacent fluorescent sensors (300) is calculated according to the following formula: b=2*H1*tanβ In the above formula: H1 is the focal length of the plano-convex or convex lens, β is the angle at which each fluorescence sensor receives fluorescence.

6. An oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around the device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Optical filters (10) are provided at ports of the first lens barrel (4) and the second lens barrel (301) that are away from the aluminum substrate (1).

7. An oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around the device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The plurality of groups of fluorescence receiving units (3) are distributed in a multi-layered ring around the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) with the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) as the center, and the plurality of groups of fluorescence receiving units (3) on the same ring are distributed at equal distances; the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) adopts an ultraviolet LED light source with a wavelength band of 300 nm.

8. The oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around the device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The monitoring device also includes a blowing control system, which includes a PLC controller and a distance sensor (9). The distance sensor (9) is arranged on the substrate (1). The signal output end of the distance sensor (9) is connected to the signal input end of the PLC controller. The signal output end of the PLC controller is respectively connected to the control ends of the two groups of blowing air mechanisms (7).

9. An oil spill monitoring method with a surrounding distribution of self-cleaning sensors, characterized in that: The monitoring method uses the oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 for monitoring, which specifically includes the following steps: S1. Calculate and determine the layout position of the fluorescent sensors, which are arranged in layers in a ring around the ultraviolet solid-state light source with the ultraviolet solid-state light source as the center; the horizontal distance a of each fluorescent sensor from the ultraviolet solid-state light source is calculated according to formula ①, and the center distance b of adjacent fluorescent sensors is calculated according to formula ②: a=H*tanα / 2 ① In the above formula: H is the vertical distance from the ultraviolet solid-state light source to the intersection point where the extended line of the midline of the ultraviolet solid-state light source's emission angle and the extended line of the outer edge of the fluorescence sensor's emission angle intersect behind the substrate; α is the emission angle of the ultraviolet solid-state light source. b = 2*H1*tanβ ② In the above formula: H1 is the focal length of the plano-convex or convex lens, β is the angle at which each fluorescence sensor receives fluorescence; S2. Install the ultraviolet solid-state light source and the fluorescent sensor in the middle position of the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring equipment according to the distance calculated in step S1, and monitor the water surface conditions below in real time through the visual window. The ultraviolet solid-state light source and the multiple fluorescent sensors are on the same plane, and the plane is parallel to the monitored liquid surface; during the monitoring process, the ultraviolet solid-state light source generates fluorescence to the water surface, and the fluorescence excited by the ultraviolet solid-state light source is received by the fluorescent sensor to monitor the oil spill situation on the water surface.

10. The oil spill monitoring method with surrounding self-cleaning sensors according to claim 9, characterized in that: A distance sensor and a purge mechanism are installed on the bottom of the oil spill monitoring equipment. During the process of monitoring the oil spill on the water surface, the distance sensor monitors the distance between the bottom of the oil spill monitoring equipment and the water surface in real time, and transmits the distance signal to the control unit. When the distance sensor detects that the distance between the water surface and the oil spill monitoring equipment is ≤0.3m, and at the same time, the light intensity detected by the fluorescent sensor is less than the normal value, it is determined that debris has blocked the transmitting or receiving light path lens, and the control unit controls the purge mechanism to start the purge mode.

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