A main propeller distributor with fault isolation function and a fault isolation method

Abstract

This invention pertains to helicopter rotor de-icing technology, specifically relating to a main rotor power distributor with fault isolation capabilities and a fault isolation method. The main rotor power distributor comprises a switching element and its control module, a signal processing module, a switching element voltage detection module, a current detection module, and a power supply module. The switching element and its control module control the AC power supply to the main rotor blade heating element. The signal processing module, connected to the switching element voltage detection module, heating current detection module, and power supply module, controls the switching element's on / off state, collects fault information, isolates faults, diagnoses faults, and reports faults. The switching element voltage detection module detects the voltage status of the switching element. The current detection module detects the C-phase heating current status of the main rotor blades. This invention solves the problem of difficulty in isolating faults in the main rotor blade heating element and the main rotor power distributor, improves the testability and fault response capability of the main rotor power distributor, and enhances the accuracy and safety of the architecture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of helicopter rotor anti-icing technology, and relates to a main rotor distributor with fault isolation function and a fault isolation method. Background Technology

[0002] When helicopters encounter icy environments during flight, the rotor de-icing system ensures flight safety when traversing icy clouds. The main rotor distributor is a crucial component of the rotor de-icing system, making its fault detection and isolation functions particularly important. Existing main rotor distributors contain a large number of switching elements and have limited internal space, resulting in high fault location costs and time. Furthermore, existing main rotor distributors lack self-detection and fault reporting functions, leading to high maintenance costs after a fault occurs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a main propeller distributor with fault isolation function and a fault isolation method. This invention solves the problem of difficulty in isolating faults between the main propeller heating element and the main propeller distributor, improves the testability and fault response capability of the main propeller distributor, and enhances the sensitivity and safety of the architecture.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0005] A main propeller distributor with fault isolation function includes: a switching element and its control module, a signal processing module, a switching element voltage detection module, a current detection module, and a power supply module;

[0006] The switching element and its control module are used to control the AC power supply to the main blade heating element.

[0007] The switching element voltage checking module is used to detect the voltage status of all switching elements;

[0008] The current detection module is used to detect the main propeller heating current status.

[0009] The signal processing module is connected to the switching element voltage detection module, the heating current detection module, and the power supply module. It is used to determine whether the switching element and its control module are faulty, and to isolate, diagnose, and report the fault after it occurs.

[0010] Furthermore, the switching element and its control module comprise M*N units, where M is the number of blade sections and N is the number of blades. Each unit includes: a first thyristor, a second thyristor, a first optocoupler, a second optocoupler, a first transistor, and a resistor.

[0011] The anode of the input terminal of the first optocoupler N2 is connected to resistor R2, the cathode of the input terminal of the first optocoupler N2 is connected to the anode of the input terminal of the second optocoupler N3, the anode of the output terminal of the first optocoupler N2 is connected to the AC A-phase power supply through resistor R4, and the cathode of the output terminal of the first optocoupler N2 is connected to the control electrode of the first thyristor A1.

[0012] The cathode of the input terminal of the second optocoupler N3 is connected to the collector of the first transistor V1, the anode of the output terminal of the second optocoupler N3 is connected to the AC B-phase power supply through resistor R3, and the cathode of the output terminal of the second optocoupler N3 is connected to the control electrode of the second thyristor B1.

[0013] The base of the first transistor V1 is connected to the resistor R1, and the emitter of the first transistor V1 is grounded.

[0014] The anode of the first thyristor A1 is connected to the AC A-phase power supply. The cathode of the first thyristor A1 is connected to the control electrode via resistor R5. The cathode of the first thyristor A1 is the voltage signal output terminal of the switching element and its control module unit, and is connected to the switching element voltage detection module. At the same time, the cathode of the first thyristor A1 is also the A-phase power supply output terminal of the switching element and its control module unit, and is connected to the heating element.

[0015] The anode of the second thyristor B1 is connected to the AC B-phase power supply. The cathode of the second thyristor B1 is connected to the control electrode via resistor R6. The cathode of the second thyristor B1 is the voltage signal output terminal of the switching element and its control module unit, and is connected to the switching element voltage detection module. At the same time, the cathode of the second thyristor B1 is also the B-phase power supply output terminal of the switching element and its control module unit, and is connected to the heating element.

[0016] The other ends of resistors R2 and R1 are the control signal input terminals of the switching element and its control module unit, which are connected to the signal processing module.

[0017] The input terminals of the C-phase AC power supply and the C-phase heating element are the current check signal output terminals of the switching element and its control module unit, and are connected to the current check module.

[0018] Furthermore, the switching element voltage checking module includes: a rectifier bridge, a Zener diode, a third optocoupler, a resistor, and a filter capacitor;

[0019] The bridge arm A of the rectifier bridge D1 is connected to the output terminal of the A-phase thyristor of each of the N blades and the control module unit of the N blades, and the bridge arm B is connected to the output terminal of the B-phase thyristor of each of the N blades and the control module unit of the N blades.

[0020] A resistor R24 ​​and a capacitor C6 are connected in parallel between arms C and D of rectifier bridge D1;

[0021] One end of capacitor C6 is connected to resistor R25 and diode cathode in sequence, diode anode is connected to anode of third optocoupler input terminal, and the other end of capacitor C6 is connected to cathode of third optocoupler input terminal;

[0022] The anode of the output terminal of the third optocoupler N9 is connected to a 5V power supply through resistor R26, and the cathode of the output terminal of the third optocoupler N9 is grounded. The anode of the output terminal of the third optocoupler N9 is the signal output terminal of the switching element voltage check module, which is connected to the signal processing module.

[0023] Furthermore, the current checking module includes: a current sensor, a first operational amplifier, a second operational amplifier, a fourth optocoupler, a resistor, and a filter capacitor;

[0024] The Iin and Iout terminals of the current sensor N6 are connected to the Iin and Iout terminals of each switching element and control module unit of the first, third, and fifth blades. The +VS, -VS, and GND terminals of the current sensor N6 are connected to the +15V power supply, the -15V power supply, and ground, respectively. The Vout terminal of the current sensor N6 is connected to resistor R15.

[0025] The other end of resistor R15 is connected to the positive input pin of the first operational amplifier N7A. Resistor R20 is connected between the output and negative input pins of the first operational amplifier N7A. Resistor R16 is connected between the negative input pin of the first operational amplifier N7A and ground. The positive and negative power supply pins of the first operational amplifier N7A are connected to +15V and -15V power supplies, respectively. The output pin of the first operational amplifier N7A is connected to the negative input pin of the second operational amplifier N8A.

[0026] The positive input terminal of the second operational amplifier N8A is connected to an 11V reference voltage. The positive and negative power supply terminals of the second operational amplifier N8A are connected to a +15V power supply and a -15V power supply, respectively. A resistor R21 is connected between the output terminal of the second operational amplifier N8A and the positive power supply terminal. A resistor R22 is connected between the output terminal of the second operational amplifier N8A.

[0027] The other end of resistor R22 is connected to the anode of the input terminal of the fourth optocoupler N8, the cathode of the input terminal of the fourth optocoupler N8 is connected to ground, the anode of the output terminal of the fourth optocoupler N8 is connected to a 5V power supply through resistor R23, the cathode of the output terminal of the fourth optocoupler N8 is grounded, and the anode of the output terminal of the fourth optocoupler N8 is the signal output terminal of the current detection module, which is connected to the signal processing module.

[0028] Furthermore, the signal processing module includes: a microcontroller, a first inverter, a second inverter, a crystal oscillator, a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, resistors, and filter capacitors. The connection relationship of the signal processing module is as follows:

[0029] The P2.3 and P2.4 terminals of the microcontroller N1 are connected to the output terminals of the switching element voltage detection module and the heating current detection module;

[0030] The P0.0, P0.1, P0.2, P0.3, and P0.4 terminals of microcontroller N1 are connected to a 5V power supply through resistors R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11. The P0.0, P0.1, P0.2, P0.3, and P0.4 terminals of microcontroller N1 are connected to the 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, and 5A terminals of the first inverter N5. The P2.0, P2.1, and P2.2 terminals of microcontroller N1 are connected to the 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, and 5A terminals of the second inverter N4. A, 2A, and 3A terminals; P3.0 and P3.1 terminals of microcontroller N1 are connected to serial port receive and serial port transmit; crystal oscillator G1 is connected between X1 and X2 terminals of microcontroller N1; X1 and X2 terminals of microcontroller N1 are grounded through capacitors C1 and C2 respectively; VCC and EA terminals of microcontroller N1 are connected to a 5V power supply; PSEN and GND terminals of microcontroller N1 are grounded; VCC terminal of microcontroller N1 is grounded through capacitor C3.

[0031] The VCC terminal of the first inverter N5 is connected to a 5V power supply. The VCC terminal of the first inverter N5 is grounded through capacitor C7. The GND terminal of the first inverter N5 is grounded. The 1Y, 2Y, 3Y, 4Y and 5Y terminals of the first inverter N5 are the output terminals of the signal module, which are connected to the switching element and its control module.

[0032] The VCC terminal of the second inverter N4 is connected to a 5V power supply. The VCC terminal of the second inverter N4 is grounded through capacitor C4. The GND terminal of the second inverter N4 is grounded. The 1Y, 2Y, and 3Y terminals of the second inverter N4 are connected to the bases of the first transistor V2, the second transistor V3, and the third transistor V4 through resistors R12, R13, and R14. The collectors of the first transistor V2, the second transistor V3, and the third transistor V4 are connected to a 5V power supply. The emitters of the first transistor V2, the second transistor V3, and the third transistor V4 are grounded through resistors R19, R17, and R18. The emitters of the first transistor V2, the second transistor V3, and the third transistor V4 are the output terminals of the signal module, which are connected to the switching element and its control module.

[0033] A fault isolation method for a main propeller distributor with fault isolation function, implemented based on the aforementioned main propeller distributor, the method comprising the following steps:

[0034] Step 1: Power-on self-test. If the self-test fails, an error will be reported; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0035] Step 2: The signal processing module receives the system's operating status, selects the mode, and sends the maintenance self-test sequence or de-icing heating sequence to the switching element and its control module. The above sequence contains the current heating zone information and controls the switching element to turn on to heat the blades.

[0036] Step 3: The signal processing module receives the total current value and determines the range of the total current value.

[0037] If the total current is ≥70A, proceed to step four;

[0038] 70A > Total Current > 62A, return to step two;

[0039] If the total current is 62A or greater than 58A, proceed to step five.

[0040] If the total current is 58A or higher, proceed to step six.

[0041] Step 4: The signal processing module cuts off the power supply for line protection, stops working, and reports the fault;

[0042] Step 5: Determine whether the current check signal and the switching element voltage signal exceed their respective set thresholds:

[0043] If the current check signal exceeds the threshold and the switching element voltage signal exceeds the threshold, proceed to step seven;

[0044] If the current check signal exceeds the threshold but the switching element voltage signal does not exceed the threshold, proceed to step eight.

[0045] If the current check signal does not exceed the threshold but the switching element voltage signal exceeds the threshold, proceed to step nine.

[0046] If the current check signal does not exceed the threshold and the switching element voltage signal does not exceed the threshold, proceed to step ten.

[0047] Step Six: Determine whether the voltage signal of the switching element exceeds its respective set threshold.

[0048] If the voltage of the switching element exceeds the set threshold, proceed to step eleven.

[0049] If the voltage of the switching element does not exceed the set threshold, proceed to step twelve.

[0050] Step 7: The signal processing module determines the open circuit of the current heating zone switching element of blade 1, blade 3, or blade 5 based on the current heating zone information, reports the fault, and performs downgraded heating.

[0051] Step 8: The signal processing module determines that the blade heating element of the current heating zone of blade 1, blade 3, or blade 5 is open-circuited based on the current heating zone information, reports the fault, and performs downgraded heating.

[0052] Step 9: The signal processing module determines that the current heating zone switching element of blade 2, blade 4, or blade 6 is open-circuited based on the current heating zone information, reports the fault, and performs downgraded heating.

[0053] Step 10: The signal processing module determines that the blade heating element of the current heating zone of blade 2, blade 4, or blade 6 is open-circuited based on the current heating zone information, reports the fault, and performs downgraded heating.

[0054] Step 11: The signal processing module determines the open circuit of the current heating zone switching element of blade 1 and blade 4, or blade 3 and blade 6, or blade 5 and blade 2 based on the current heating zone information, reports the fault, and stops heating.

[0055] Step 12: The signal processing module determines whether the blade heating element in the current heating zone of blades 1 and 4, blades 3 and 6, or blades 5 and 2 is open-circuited based on the current heating zone information, reports the fault, and stops heating.

[0056] Furthermore, in step four, the specific process is as follows:

[0057] The signal processing module stops sending timing signals to the switching elements and their control modules. The signal processing module sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2 and R3 to low level. The switching elements turn off the AC heating power supply and stop working. The signal processing module reports fault information.

[0058] Furthermore, in step five, the specific process is as follows:

[0059] The signal processing module determines the subsequent work based on the current check signal and the switching element voltage signal. If the current check signal is greater than 3V and the switching element voltage signal is greater than 3V, proceed to step seven.

[0060] If the current check signal is greater than 3V but the switching element voltage signal is less than 3V, proceed to step eight;

[0061] If the current check signal is less than 3V but the switching element voltage signal is greater than 3V, proceed to step nine;

[0062] If the current check signal is less than 3V and the switching element voltage signal is less than 3V, proceed to step ten.

[0063] Furthermore, in step six, the specific process is as follows:

[0064] The signal processing module determines the subsequent operation based on the voltage signal of the switching element. If the voltage signal of the switching element is greater than 3V, proceed to step eleven.

[0065] If the switching element voltage signal is less than 3V, proceed to step twelve;

[0066] Furthermore, in step seven, the specific process is as follows:

[0067] The signal processing module determines that the current heating zone switch element of blade 1, blade 3, or blade 5 is open-circuited, sends a fault report via serial port, and performs degraded heating: stops sending timing signals to the faulty zone switch element and its control module unit, sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2, and R3 of the faulty zone switch element and its control module unit to low level, the faulty zone switch element and its control module unit stop heating, and other fault-free zones heat normally;

[0068] Furthermore, in step eight, the specific process is as follows:

[0069] The signal processing module determines that the blade heating element in the current heating zone of blade 1, blade 3, or blade 5 is open-circuited, sends a fault report via serial port, and performs degraded heating: stops sending timing signals to the faulty zone switching element and its control module unit, sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2, and R3 of the faulty zone switching element and its control module unit to low level, the faulty zone switching element and its control module unit stop heating, and other fault-free zones heat normally;

[0070] Furthermore, in step nine, the specific process is as follows:

[0071] The signal processing module determines that the current heating zone switch element of blade 2, blade 4, or blade 6 is open-circuited, sends a fault report via serial port, and performs degraded heating: stops sending timing signals to the faulty zone switch element and its control module unit, sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2, and R3 of the faulty zone switch element and its control module unit to low level, the faulty zone switch element and its control module unit stop heating, and other fault-free zones heat normally;

[0072] Furthermore, in step ten, the specific process is as follows:

[0073] The signal processing module determines that the blade heating element in the current heating zone of blade 2, blade 4, or blade 6 is open-circuited, sends a fault report via serial port, and performs degraded heating: stops sending timing signals to the faulty zone switching element and its control module unit, sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2, and R3 of the faulty zone switching element and its control module unit to low level, the faulty zone switching element and its control module unit stop heating, and other fault-free zones heat normally;

[0074] Furthermore, in step eleven, the specific process is as follows:

[0075] When the signal processing module determines that the current heating zone switching element of blade 1 and blade 4, or blade 3 and blade 6, or blade 5 and blade 2 is open-circuited, the signal processing module sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2 and R3 to low level, the switching element turns off the AC heating power supply and stops working, and the signal processing module reports the fault information.

[0076] Furthermore, in step twelve, the specific process is as follows:

[0077] If the signal processing module determines that the blade heating element in the current heating zone of blades 1 and 4, blades 3 and 6, or blades 5 and 2 is open-circuited, the signal processing module sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2, and R3 to low level, the switching element turns off the AC heating power supply, stops working, and the signal processing module reports the fault information.

[0078] The advantages of this invention are as follows: Currently, the main rotor distributor used in helicopters has a complex structure with numerous parallel heating circuits, making it difficult to isolate faults. It lacks self-detection and self-protection functions, and it is difficult to pinpoint the fault location after a distributor failure, making it difficult to isolate the main rotor blade fault from the main rotor distributor fault. When the main rotor distributor or main rotor blade fails, the aircraft cannot determine the fault location, affecting the degraded heating function of the rotor anti-icing system and thus impacting flight safety. This invention adds a fault isolation function to the main rotor distributor, checks the operating voltage of the internal switching elements and the main rotor blade heating current, and judges the inspection results to determine the fault. When the main rotor distributor or main rotor blade fails, the fault information is reported to the aircraft, and short-circuit protection or degraded heating of the main rotor is implemented according to the fault situation, improving the testability and fault detection capability of the rotor anti-icing system. Attached Figure Description

[0079] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the main propeller distributor with fault isolation function;

[0080] Figure 2 A single-unit switching element and its control module;

[0081] Figure 3 The diagram shows the connection between the 5*6 unit switching element and its control module, the current detection module, and the switching element voltage detection module.

[0082] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the switching element voltage checking module;

[0083] Figure 5 This is the schematic diagram of the current checking module;

[0084] Figure 6 This is the schematic diagram of the signal processing module;

[0085] Figure 7Flowchart of the main propeller distributor fault isolation method. Detailed Implementation

[0086] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but this should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0087] Example 1. A main propeller distributor with fault isolation function, configured as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the main propeller distributor consists of a switching element and its control module, a signal processing module, a switching element voltage detection module, a current detection module, and a power supply module. The switching element and its control module are used to control the AC power supply to the main propeller blade heating element. The switching element and its control module are configured as 5*6 units, as shown in the diagram. Figure 3 As shown; the signal processing module is connected to the switching element voltage check module, the heating current check module, and the power supply module, and is used for fault information acquisition, fault isolation, fault judgment, and reporting; the switching element voltage check module is used to detect the voltage status of the switching element; the current check module is used to detect the heating current status of the main propeller blade.

[0088] When the aircraft is in an icing environment, the main rotor power distribution unit calculates the heating time for each zone based on the anti-icing control rate and atmospheric temperature, and heats each zone of the main rotor blade. The power distribution unit heats the blade heating elements through switching elements and control modules. The switching elements and control modules correspond to the blade heating zones, totaling 5*6 units, where 5 represents the blade zone and 6 represents the number of blades. Blades 1 and 4, blades 3 and 6, and blades 5 and 2 form a group, and each group of blades is heated simultaneously. The power distribution unit collects the voltage of the switching elements to determine the current operating status of the switching elements in the heating zone, which can identify short-circuit and open-circuit faults in the switching elements, and also performs a self-test of the power distribution unit. The signal processing module in the power distribution unit collects the voltage signal and current check signal of the switching elements, and makes a comprehensive judgment based on the total heating current information, which can identify open-circuit faults in the blade heating elements and switching elements, locate the specific faulty heating zone, and report the fault through serial communication, thereby achieving the purpose of isolating the power distribution switching element faults from the blade heating element faults.

[0089] The aforementioned switching elements and their control modules include thyristors, optocouplers, transistors, and resistors. The input terminal of the optocoupler is an infrared LED, and the output terminal is a bidirectional photosensitive thyristor. The optocoupler and resistor form a thyristor zero-crossing trigger circuit to isolate the AC heating circuit and the DC control circuit, thereby realizing the on / off control of the high-voltage AC power supply.

[0090] The aforementioned signal processing module includes a microcontroller, inverter, transistor, resistors, and filter capacitors. The circuit diagram is shown below. Figure 6The microcontroller receives status commands and atmospheric temperature signals from the rotor de-icing controller via communication circuits. It controls each group of blades by controlling the I / O outputs of P2.0, P2.1, and P2.2, and achieves zone control by controlling the I / O outputs of P0.0 to P0.4. By coordinating the outputs of I / O ports P0.0 to P0.4 with those of P2.0 to P2.2, control of each heating zone of each group of blades can be achieved. Simultaneously, the microcontroller inverts the aforementioned I / O output signals and sends them back to its internal circuitry to determine the current heating zone information, which is then reported as the power distribution unit's operating status word. The microcontroller also collects and analyzes voltage and current signals from switching elements, reporting these as the blade's operating status word. The judgment is made by combining the total current value. When the voltage signal of the switching element is normal, the total current value and the C-phase current of the blade are both normal, then the power distributor and the main blade heating element are working normally. When the total current value is abnormal, the voltage signal of the switching element is abnormal, but the C-phase current of the blade is normal, it can be judged that the power distributor switching element is faulty. When the total current value is abnormal, the switching element conduction state is normal, and the C-phase current of the blade is abnormal, it can be judged that the main blade heating element is faulty.

[0091] The aforementioned switching element voltage checking module includes a rectifier bridge, Zener diodes, optocouplers, resistors, and filter capacitors; the circuit is shown in the appendix. Figure 4 The AC A and B phase voltage signals at the output of the switching element are rectified by a rectifier bridge and then converted into level signals by an optocoupler before being transmitted to the microcontroller for judgment, thereby determining whether the switching element circuit is working properly. The core component of the detection circuit is a Zener diode. When the voltage output of the rectifier bridge exceeds the operating voltage of the Zener diode, the optocoupler conducts, and the thyristor status detection feedback signal is low; otherwise, it is high. When the thyristor control circuit is normal, the lowest voltage output of the rectifier bridge circuit is approximately 224V. When the thyristor control circuit is abnormal, the highest voltage output of the rectifier bridge circuit is approximately 129V or 0V. Therefore, the operating voltage parameters of the Zener diode are selected as 180V-200V. When any thyristor in phases A or B is abnormally conducting, the thyristor status check feedback signal is high; when all thyristors are working normally, the thyristor status check feedback signal is low, thus completing the check of the working status of the thyristors in each heating zone.

[0092] The aforementioned current detection module includes a current sensor, operational amplifier, optocoupler, resistors, and filter capacitors; the circuit diagram is attached. Figure 5The current sensor samples the C-phase current of each heating zone in blades 1, 3, and 5, converts it into a voltage signal, amplifies the signal, and compares it with a reference voltage value using a voltage comparator to determine whether the blade heating element is working properly. An optocoupler is used to level-shift the voltage comparator output, outputting a blade current check feedback signal. The C-phase current during normal blade heating is approximately 33A, and the C-phase current when the blade heating circuit is broken is approximately 29A or lower. With a reference voltage of 11V selected, when the current sensor outputs a voltage less than 10V (i.e., less than the reference voltage) when the current is less than 29A, the voltage comparator outputs a low level, the optocoupler is not conducting, and the current check signal is high; conversely, when the current is greater than 29A, the current check signal is low.

[0093] The aforementioned power module can provide approximately 22.5W of power to a 15V circuit and approximately 7.5W of power to a 5V circuit, meeting the normal operating requirements of the subsequent circuits.

[0094] The aforementioned fault isolation function is implemented by the power distribution software; the software flowchart is attached. Figure 7 The specific fault diagnosis includes the following steps.

[0095] Step 1: Power on the power distribution unit and perform a power-on self-test. Perform a self-test on the internal signal processing module and the voltage detection module of the switching element. If the self-test passes, proceed to the next step.

[0096] Step 2: The signal processing module receives the system's operating status and selects the mode as de-icing heating. The timing sequence is: Zone 2 of Group 1 → Zone 3 of Group 1 → Zone 4 of Group 1 → Zone 5 of Group 1 → Zone 2 of Group 2 → Zone 3 of Group 2 → Zone 4 of Group 2 → Zone 5 of Group 2 → Zone 2 of Group 3 → Zone 3 of Group 3 → Zone 4 of Group 3 → Zone 5 of Group 3, Zone 2 of Group 1 → Zone 3 of Group 1 → Zone 4 of Group 1 → Zone 1 of Group 2 → Zone 2 of Group 2 → Zone 3 of Group 2 → Zone 4 of Group 2 → Zone 1 of Group 3 → Zone 2 of Group 3 → Zone 3 of Group 3 → Zone 4 of Group 3 → Zone 1 of Group 3. The signal processing module outputs high-level control signals Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2, and R3 according to this sequence to control the switching elements and their control modules to turn on and off, thus heating the blades.

[0097] Step 3: When the current timing is in group 1, zone 3, that is, when the current heating zone information is zone 3 of blade 1 and zone 3 of blade 4, the signal processing module receives a total current value of 62A ≥ total current > 58A, and proceeds to the next step;

[0098] Step 4: The signal processing module receives a current check signal less than 3V and a switching element voltage signal greater than 3V, then proceeds to the next step:

[0099] Step 5: If the current check signal is less than 3V, it means that the current value of blade 1, blade 3, or blade 5 is normal. However, since 62A ≥ total current > 58A, it means that the current value of blade 2, blade 4, or blade 6 is abnormal. The current heating area is zone 3 of blade 1 and zone 3 of blade 4, which means that the current value of zone 3 of blade 4 is abnormal. Proceed to the next step.

[0100] Step 6: If the voltage signal of the switching element is greater than 3V, it indicates that the operating voltage of the switching element in zone 3 of blade 4 is abnormal. The signal processing module determines that the switching element in zone 3 of blade 4 is open-circuited and proceeds to the next step.

[0101] Step 7: The signal processing module determines that the switching element in zone 3 of blade 4 is open-circuited, sends a fault report via serial port, and performs degraded heating: stops sending timing signals to the switching element and control module unit in zone 3 of blade 4, sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2 and R3 of the faulty zone switching element and control module unit to low level, the faulty zone switching element and control module unit stops heating, and other fault-free zones heat normally;

[0102] Step 8: Return to Step 2.

Claims

1. A fault isolation method for a main propeller distributor with fault isolation function, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Power-on self-test. If the self-test fails, an error will be reported; otherwise, proceed to the next step. Step 2: The signal processing module receives the system's operating status, selects a mode, and sends a maintenance self-test sequence or a de-icing heating sequence to the switching element and its control module. This sequence contains information about the current heating zone. The module then controls the switching element to activate and heat the blades. The switching element and its control module consist of M*N units, where M is the number of blade zones and N is the number of blades. Each unit includes: a first thyristor, a second thyristor, a first optocoupler, a second optocoupler, a first transistor, and a resistor. The anode of the input terminal of the first optocoupler N2 is connected to resistor R2, the cathode of the input terminal of the first optocoupler N2 is connected to the anode of the input terminal of the second optocoupler N3, the anode of the output terminal of the first optocoupler N2 is connected to the AC A-phase power supply through resistor R4, and the cathode of the output terminal of the first optocoupler N2 is connected to the control electrode of the first thyristor A1. The cathode of the input terminal of the second optocoupler N3 is connected to the collector of the first transistor V1, the anode of the output terminal of the second optocoupler N3 is connected to the AC B-phase power supply through resistor R3, and the cathode of the output terminal of the second optocoupler N3 is connected to the control electrode of the second thyristor B1. The base of the first transistor V1 is connected to the resistor R1, and the emitter of the first transistor V1 is grounded. The anode of the first thyristor A1 is connected to the AC A-phase power supply. The cathode of the first thyristor A1 is connected to the control electrode via resistor R5. The cathode of the first thyristor A1 is the voltage signal output terminal of the switching element and its control module unit, and is connected to the switching element voltage detection module. At the same time, the cathode of the first thyristor A1 is also the A-phase power supply output terminal of the switching element and its control module unit, and is connected to the heating element. The anode of the second thyristor B1 is connected to the AC B-phase power supply. The cathode of the second thyristor B1 is connected to the control electrode via resistor R6. The cathode of the second thyristor B1 is the voltage signal output terminal of the switching element and its control module unit, and is connected to the switching element voltage detection module. At the same time, the cathode of the second thyristor B1 is also the B-phase power supply output terminal of the switching element and its control module unit, and is connected to the heating element. The other ends of resistors R2 and R1 are the control signal input terminals of the switching element and its control module unit, which are connected to the signal processing module. The input terminals of the C-phase AC power supply and the C-phase heating element are the current check signal output terminals of the switching element and its control module unit, which are connected to the current check module. Step 3: The signal processing module receives the total current value and determines the range of the total current value. If the total current is ≥70A, proceed to step four; 70A > Total Current > 62A, return to step two; If the total current is 62A or greater than 58A, proceed to step five. If the total current is 58A or higher, proceed to step six. Step 4: The signal processing module cuts off the power supply for line protection, stops working, and reports the fault; Step 5: Determine whether the current check signal and the switching element voltage signal exceed their respective set thresholds: If the current check signal exceeds the threshold and the switching element voltage signal exceeds the threshold, proceed to step seven; If the current check signal exceeds the threshold but the switching element voltage signal does not exceed the threshold, proceed to step eight. If the current check signal does not exceed the threshold but the switching element voltage signal exceeds the threshold, proceed to step nine. If the current check signal does not exceed the threshold and the switching element voltage signal does not exceed the threshold, proceed to step ten. Step Six: Determine whether the voltage signal of the switching element exceeds its respective set threshold. If the voltage of the switching element exceeds the set threshold, proceed to step eleven. If the voltage of the switching element does not exceed the set threshold, proceed to step twelve. Step 7: The signal processing module determines the open circuit of the current heating zone switching element of blade 1, blade 3, or blade 5 based on the current heating zone information, reports the fault, and performs downgraded heating. Step 8: The signal processing module determines that the blade heating element of the current heating zone of blade 1, blade 3, or blade 5 is open-circuited based on the current heating zone information, reports the fault, and performs downgraded heating. Step 9: The signal processing module determines that the current heating zone switching element of blade 2, blade 4, or blade 6 is open-circuited based on the current heating zone information, reports the fault, and performs downgraded heating. Step 10: The signal processing module determines that the blade heating element of the current heating zone of blade 2, blade 4, or blade 6 is open-circuited based on the current heating zone information, reports the fault, and performs downgraded heating. Step 11: The signal processing module determines the open circuit of the current heating zone switching element of blade 1 and blade 4, or blade 3 and blade 6, or blade 5 and blade 2 based on the current heating zone information, reports the fault, and stops heating. Step 12: The signal processing module determines whether the blade heating element in the current heating zone of blades 1 and 4, blades 3 and 6, or blades 5 and 2 is open-circuited based on the current heating zone information, reports the fault, and stops heating.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step four involves the following specific steps: The signal processing module stops sending timing signals to the switching elements and their control modules. The signal processing module sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2 and R3 to low level. The switching elements turn off the AC heating power supply and stop working. The signal processing module reports fault information.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step seven involves the following specific steps: The signal processing module determines that the current heating zone switch element of blade 1, blade 3, or blade 5 is open-circuited, sends a fault report via serial port, and performs degraded heating: stops sending timing signals to the faulty zone switch element and its control module unit, sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2, and R3 of the faulty zone switch element and its control module unit to low level, the faulty zone switch element and its control module unit stop heating, and other fault-free zones heat normally; Step eight involves the following specific process: The signal processing module determines that the blade heating element in the current heating zone of blade 1, blade 3, or blade 5 is open-circuited. It then sends a fault report via the serial port and performs degraded heating: it stops sending timing signals to the faulty switching element and its control module unit, sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2, and R3 of the faulty switching element and its control module unit to low level, and stops heating in the faulty switching element and its control module unit. Other fault-free zones continue to heat normally.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step nine involves the following specific steps: The signal processing module determines that the current heating zone switch element of blade 2, blade 4, or blade 6 is open-circuited, sends a fault report via serial port, and performs degraded heating: stops sending timing signals to the faulty zone switch element and its control module unit, sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2, and R3 of the faulty zone switch element and its control module unit to low level, the faulty zone switch element and its control module unit stop heating, and other fault-free zones heat normally; Step ten involves the following specific steps: The signal processing module determines that the blade heating element in the current heating zone of blade 2, blade 4, or blade 6 is open-circuited. It then sends a fault report via the serial port and performs degraded heating: it stops sending timing signals to the faulty zone switching element and its control module unit, sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2, and R3 of the faulty zone switching element and its control module unit to low level, and the faulty zone switching element and its control module unit stop heating, while other fault-free zones heat normally.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step eleven, the specific process is as follows: When the signal processing module determines that the current heating zone switching element of blade 1 and blade 4, or blade 3 and blade 6, or blade 5 and blade 2 is open-circuited, the signal processing module sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2 and R3 to low level, the switching element turns off the AC heating power supply and stops working, and the signal processing module reports the fault information. Step twelve involves the following specific steps: If the signal processing module determines that the blade heating element in the current heating zone of blades 1 and 4, blades 3 and 6, or blades 5 and 2 is open-circuited, the signal processing module sets Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R1, R2, and R3 to low level, the switching element turns off the AC heating power supply, stops working, and the signal processing module reports the fault information.

6. A main propeller distributor with fault isolation function, used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The main propeller distributor includes: switching elements and their control module, signal processing module, switching element voltage detection module, current detection module, and power supply module; The switching element and its control module are used to control the AC power supply to the main blade heating element. The switching element voltage checking module is used to detect the voltage status of all switching elements; The current detection module is used to detect the main propeller heating current status. The signal processing module is connected to the switching element voltage detection module, the heating current detection module, and the power supply module. It is used to determine whether the switching element and its control module are faulty, and to isolate, diagnose, and report the fault after it occurs.

7. The main propeller distributor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The switching element voltage checking module includes: a rectifier bridge, a Zener diode, a third optocoupler, a resistor, and a filter capacitor; The bridge arm A of the rectifier bridge D1 is connected to the output terminal of the A-phase thyristor of each of the N blades and the control module unit of the N blades, and the bridge arm B is connected to the output terminal of the B-phase thyristor of each of the N blades and the control module unit of the N blades. A resistor R24 ​​and a capacitor C6 are connected in parallel between arms C and D of rectifier bridge D1; One end of capacitor C6 is connected to resistor R25 and diode cathode in sequence, diode anode is connected to anode of third optocoupler input terminal, and the other end of capacitor C6 is connected to cathode of third optocoupler input terminal; The anode of the output terminal of the third optocoupler N9 is connected to a 5V power supply through resistor R26, and the cathode of the output terminal of the third optocoupler N9 is grounded. The anode of the output terminal of the third optocoupler N9 is the signal output terminal of the switching element voltage check module, which is connected to the signal processing module.

8. The main propeller distributor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The current detection module includes: a current sensor, a first operational amplifier, a second operational amplifier, a fourth optocoupler, a resistor, and a filter capacitor; The Iin and Iout terminals of the current sensor N6 are connected to the Iin and Iout terminals of the switching element and its control module unit. The +VS, -VS and GND terminals of the current sensor N6 are connected to the +15V power supply, the -15V power supply and ground respectively. The Vout terminal of the current sensor N6 is connected to the resistor R15. The other end of resistor R15 is connected to the positive input pin of the first operational amplifier N7A. Resistor R20 is connected between the output and negative input pins of the first operational amplifier N7A. Resistor R16 is connected between the negative input pin of the first operational amplifier N7A and ground. The positive and negative power supply pins of the first operational amplifier N7A are connected to +15V and -15V power supplies, respectively. The output pin of the first operational amplifier N7A is connected to the negative input pin of the second operational amplifier N8A. The positive input terminal of the second operational amplifier N8A is connected to an 11V reference voltage. The positive and negative power supply terminals of the second operational amplifier N8A are connected to a +15V power supply and a -15V power supply, respectively. A resistor R21 is connected between the output terminal of the second operational amplifier N8A and the positive power supply terminal. A resistor R22 is connected between the output terminal of the second operational amplifier N8A. The other end of resistor R22 is connected to the anode of the input terminal of the fourth optocoupler N8, the cathode of the input terminal of the fourth optocoupler N8 is connected to ground, the anode of the output terminal of the fourth optocoupler N8 is connected to a 5V power supply through resistor R23, the cathode of the output terminal of the fourth optocoupler N8 is grounded, and the anode of the output terminal of the fourth optocoupler N8 is the signal output terminal of the current detection module, which is connected to the signal processing module.

9. The main propeller distributor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The signal processing module includes: a microcontroller, a first inverter, a second inverter, a crystal oscillator, a second transistor, a third transistor, a fourth transistor, resistors, and filter capacitors. The connection relationships of the signal processing module are as follows: The P2.3 and P2.4 terminals of the microcontroller N1 are connected to the output terminals of the switching element voltage detection module and the heating current detection module; The P0.0, P0.1, P0.2, P0.3, and P0.4 terminals of microcontroller N1 are connected to a 5V power supply through resistors R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11. The P0.0, P0.1, P0.2, P0.3, and P0.4 terminals of microcontroller N1 are connected to the 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, and 5A terminals of the first inverter N5. The P2.0, P2.1, and P2.2 terminals of microcontroller N1 are connected to the 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, and 5A terminals of the second inverter N4. A, 2A, and 3A terminals; P3.0 and P3.1 terminals of microcontroller N1 are connected to serial port receive and serial port transmit; crystal oscillator G1 is connected between X1 and X2 terminals of microcontroller N1; X1 and X2 terminals of microcontroller N1 are grounded through capacitors C1 and C2 respectively; VCC and EA terminals of microcontroller N1 are connected to a 5V power supply; PSEN and GND terminals of microcontroller N1 are grounded; VCC terminal of microcontroller N1 is grounded through capacitor C3. The VCC terminal of the first inverter N5 is connected to a 5V power supply. The VCC terminal of the first inverter N5 is grounded through capacitor C7. The GND terminal of the first inverter N5 is grounded. The 1Y, 2Y, 3Y, 4Y and 5Y terminals of the first inverter N5 are the output terminals of the signal module, which are connected to the switching element and its control module. The VCC terminal of the second inverter N4 is connected to a 5V power supply. The VCC terminal of the second inverter N4 is grounded through capacitor C4. The GND terminal of the second inverter N4 is grounded. The 1Y, 2Y, and 3Y terminals of the second inverter N4 are connected to the bases of the second transistor V2, the third transistor V3, and the fourth transistor V4 through resistors R12, R13, and R14. The collectors of the second transistor V2, the third transistor V3, and the fourth transistor V4 are connected to a 5V power supply. The emitters of the second transistor V2, the third transistor V3, and the fourth transistor V4 are grounded through resistors R19, R17, and R18. The emitters of the second transistor V2, the third transistor V3, and the fourth transistor V4 are the output terminals of the signal module, which are connected to the switching element and its control module.

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