Zero-carbon scheduling method for virtual power plant containing photo-thermal power plant by considering multi-element resource game

Abstract

The invention discloses a photo-thermal power station-containing virtual power plant zero-carbon scheduling method considering a multi-resource game. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, dividing a park managed and controlled by a photo-thermal power station-containing virtual power plant into a park 1, a park 2 and a park 3 according to different resources; establishing a game architecture of a virtual power plant containing the photo-thermal power station and internal multi-element resources of the virtual power plant; establishing a photo-thermal power station output model containing an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), a heat collection mirror field (HF) and a heat storage tank (TES); establishing output models of a combined heat and power unit (CHP) and a combined cooling, heating and power unit (CCHP), and establishing an actual carbon emission model according to the output models; the carbon responsibility of the power supply side is allocated to the park 1 and the park 2 through a position fair allocation rule; establishing a carbon capture-electricity-to-gas coupling model; establishing a carbon transaction model and a green certificate income model after responsibility allocation; according to a photo-thermal power station output model, a carbon capture-electricity-to-gas coupling model, a carbon transaction model after responsibility allocation and a green certificate income model, constructing a one-master multi-slave master-slave game model which takes power balance as a constraint condition, takes a leader to realize zero-carbon operation and maximum total income as a target and takes maximum income as a target; and the maximum benefits of the leader and the follower in the master-slave game are solved, and a scheduling scheme is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a zero-carbon dispatching method for a virtual power plant including a solar thermal power station taking into account game with multiple resources, and belongs to the field of low-carbon economic dispatching. Background Art

[0002] As China's carbon market gradually improves and matures, free carbon quotas will gradually decrease, while the society's demand for energy will increase instead of decrease. The amount of greenhouse gases released by traditional power output will also increase, and the contradiction between carbon reduction demand and carbon emissions will become increasingly prominent. The park is an important economic engine in my country, but the total carbon emissions of the park's comprehensive energy account for nearly 1 / 3 of the country's carbon emissions. Therefore, the construction of a zero-carbon park is an important focus for the power industry to implement the "dual carbon" strategy. The volatility of wind power and photovoltaic power makes it impossible for the park to achieve zero carbonization through traditional clean energy alone. The mismatch between conventional capacity and park load volume makes it impossible for solar thermal power generation to be used on a large scale in the park. Therefore, a virtual power plant (VPP) that uses advanced communication technology to aggregate various energy sources to achieve zero-carbon scheduling in the park came into being. Using VPP to aggregate distributed wind, solar, and solar thermal capacity that matches the park's load volume has become a prerequisite for building a zero-carbon park.

[0003] The carbon reduction operation strategy is an important core part of achieving zero carbonization for park-level VPP. The carbon reduction strategy is to optimize the low-carbon performance from the "soft power" of the system, but there are still non-electric loads such as heat load, so all of them still rely on traditional power sources. The lack of "hard power" of hardware facilities makes the low-carbon optimization of VPP not high, which restricts the system's advancement from low carbon to zero carbon.

[0004] In terms of carbon control technology, carbon capture and storage (CCS) and power to gas (P2G) and other carbon reduction technologies are relatively mature. The use of carbon reduction technologies to achieve carbon control is a control from the emission process. If carbon emissions are not reduced from the source, VPP cannot achieve true zero net carbon dioxide emissions.

[0005] The volatility of traditional renewable energy requires the system to mobilize a large amount of flexible resources to balance supply and demand. Solar thermal is a clean energy that retains the flexibility of traditional thermal power units. CSP has the advantages of flexibility and certainty that traditional wind and solar power do not have. However, the high cost has always restricted the large-scale use of concentrating solar power (CSP). Therefore, how to reduce the cost of CSP and increase the enthusiasm of the load side to participate in carbon trading and use more CSP electricity in the context of the gradual reduction of free carbon quotas has become the key to VPP's zero-carbon operation.

[0006] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention provides a zero-carbon scheduling method for a virtual power plant containing a solar thermal power station that takes into account the game with multiple resources. A one-master-multiple-slave game framework is established with the virtual power plant as the game leader, and the users on the load side of the virtual power plant, the electric energy storage ESS on the energy storage side, and the upper-level power grid as followers. The optimal operation plan is solved to obtain the maximum benefits of the leader and the followers.

[0008] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0009] The present invention provides a zero-carbon scheduling method for a virtual power plant including a solar thermal power station taking into account the game with multiple resources, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step S1, the parks included in the virtual power plant control of the solar thermal power station are divided into park 1, park 2, and park 3 according to different resources; a game framework between the virtual power plant containing the solar thermal power station and its internal multiple resources is established; the virtual power plant is the game leader, and the users on the load side of the virtual power plant, the electric energy storage ESS on the energy storage side, and the upper power grid are followers; the virtual power plant containing the solar thermal power station includes a power supply side, a load side, an energy storage side, and carbon utilization equipment; Park 1 is a cold, heat, and electricity load cogeneration type park, Park 2 is a heat and electricity load cogeneration type park, and Park 3 is an electric load type park;

[0011] Step S2, establishing a CSP power plant output model including an organic Rankine cycle ORC, a heat collecting mirror field HF, and a heat storage tank TES;

[0012] Step S3, establish the CHP output model of the combined heat and power unit and the CCHP output model of the combined heat and power unit; establish the actual carbon emission model based on the CHP output model of the combined heat and power unit and the CCHP output model of the combined heat and power unit; and allocate the carbon responsibility on the power supply side to Park 1 and Park 2 through the location fair allocation rule;

[0013] Step S4, establishing a carbon capture-power-to-gas coupling model;

[0014] Step S5: Establishing a carbon trading model and green certificate revenue model after responsibility sharing;

[0015] Step S6: Based on the CSP power station output model, the carbon capture-power-to-gas coupling model, the carbon trading model after responsibility sharing, and the green certificate revenue model, a master-slave game model with one master and multiple followers is constructed, with power balance as a constraint, the leader's goal being to achieve zero-carbon operation and maximize total revenue, and the follower's goal being to maximize revenue; and the maximum revenue of the leader and the follower in the master-slave game is solved.

[0016] Furthermore, the carbon trading model after responsibility sharing is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] Where: They are the carbon costs borne by gas-fired units on the power supply side and the carbon costs borne by the load side; is the total cost of carbon emissions; k is the apportionment coefficient; λ is the carbon trading base price; α is the increase in reward and punishment prices; l is the interval length; D a The actual total carbon emissions are obtained based on the actual carbon emissions model.

[0019] Furthermore, the green certificate income model after responsibility sharing is as follows:

[0020]

[0021] Where: G CSP is the total revenue of CSP; α CSP P is the selling price of green certificates; CSP (t) is the CSP output in period t; Δt is the step length of the scheduling period; B L,i The green certificate income allocated to the i-th park; k is the proportional coefficient of allocation; B CSP It is the remaining green certificate income of the solar thermal power station after apportionment.

[0022] Furthermore, the master-slave game model with one master and multiple followers, which takes power balance as a constraint condition, the leader takes achieving zero-carbon operation and maximizing total benefits as a goal, and the follower takes maximizing benefits as a goal, includes a leader's benefit model, a follower's benefit model, and constraints.

[0023] The leader's profit model is specifically as follows:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, C Leader is the total benefit of the leader; C IES , C NEW are the total revenues of gas-fired units and new energy units in the virtual power plant; P i,PV (t), P i,CHP (t) are the ith PV and CHP outputs in period t, respectively, P2P , CHP They are the unit prices of electricity sold by photovoltaic and gas-fired units respectively; is the thermal power of the nth GB device in period t; is the thermal power of the nth GT unit in period t; h P is the selling price per unit; air (t) is the cooling power during period t; λ e is the unit price of cooling power; C IDRFor comprehensive demand response benefits; The cost of capturing greenhouse gases; g The cost of purchasing gas; is the carbon cost borne by the combined heat and power (CHP) unit and the combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) unit on the power supply side; buy is the electricity purchase cost; C e,DR , C h,DR are the electricity and heat benefits of the park users respectively; P i,WIND (t) is the wind power transmission power to the i-th park during period t; WT , ORC are the unit prices of wind power and ORC electricity sales respectively; P CSP (t) is the CSP output during period t; P windess (t) is the power sold by wind power to the energy storage station; P WT,P2G (t) is the power supplied by wind power to P2G during period t; P WT,CCS (t) is the energy consumption of wind power supplied to CCS during period t; P ORC,CCS (t) is the electrical power supplied by ORC to CCS; P ORC,P2G (t) is the electrical power supplied by ORC to P2G; CSP , csp are the unit electricity selling price and unit power generation cost of CSP respectively; B CSP It is the remaining green certificate income of the solar thermal power station after apportionment.

[0026] Furthermore, the follower's profit model is:

[0027] maxC D =C ESS +C Grid +C L,DR ;

[0028]

[0029] In the formula, C D is the total revenue of the followers; C ESS is the income of the energy storage station; C Grid The income of the upper power grid; C L,DR is the total revenue of park users; P i,ch (t), P i,dis (t) are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage station to the i-park during period t; λ CESS P is the unit price of energy storage electricity; wind (t) is the charging power of the wind farm to the energy storage station during period t; P i,buy (t) is the power purchased by the ith park from the upper power grid during period t; dis P is the electricity selling price of the upper power grid; windgrid (t) is the power purchased by the upper grid from the wind farm during period t; Ce,DR The benefits of electricity users after participating in the response; C h,DR The benefit of the hot user after participating in the response; B L,i The green certificate income allocated to the i-th park; The carbon trading cost borne by the load side after carbon responsibility sharing; WT The unit price of wind power sales.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] (1) The present invention establishes a CSP output mathematical model including a mirror field, a heat storage tank, and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). When the CSP electricity is sold at the grid-connected electricity price, the ORC electricity is bundled and sold with the CSP electricity at a price lower than the park electricity price to supply electricity to carbon reduction equipment. The surplus ORC electricity is directly supplied to the park power load, which is equivalent to reducing the power generation cost of CSP. CSP participates in zero-carbon construction by improving its own energy efficiency: that is, when the load accepts more CSP electricity, more ORC electricity is generated to supply carbon equipment, thereby reducing carbon emissions and carbon costs.

[0032] (2) Based on the principle of locational fairness, the carbon responsibility of the park's combined heat and power (CHP) and combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) units and the green certificate income of CSP are allocated to the park, thereby increasing the enthusiasm of loads to accept CSP electricity and better participating in carbon emission trading (CET).

[0033] (3) When both the virtual power plant and the park users have the demand for carbon reduction, a master-slave game linkage framework is established. The main side formulates the incentive strategy for followers to participate in the game with the optimization goal of achieving zero-carbon operation and maximizing total benefits, that is: the virtual power plant formulates the ORC real-time electricity price, the electricity and heat sales prices of gas-fired units, and the electricity and heat incentive compensation prices that are lower than all power supply prices; and each follower participates in the leader's strategy with the purpose of maximizing benefits. The two parties in the game optimize with the guidance of step-by-step carbon trading to achieve the scheduling strategy of zero-carbon operation of the virtual power plant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is an energy cycle diagram under the framework of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 It is the curve diagram of electricity, heating and cooling load of each park;

[0037] Figure 4 It is the renewable energy output and the solar field collection power diagram in VPP;

[0038] Figure 5 To optimize the price chart of electricity and heat sales;

[0039] Figure 6 This is the result diagram of the excitation compensation after optimization;

[0040] Figure 7 This is an electric power balance diagram of Park 3 under Case 6 provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is an electric power balance diagram of Park 2 under Case 6 provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Fig. 9 This is a thermal power balance diagram of Park 2 under Case 6 provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.10 This is an electric power balance diagram of Park 1 under Case 6 provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.11 This is a thermal power balance diagram of Park 1 under Case 6 provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.12 This is a cooling power balance diagram of Park 1 under Case 6 provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.13 This is a coupling diagram of a solar thermal power station and carbon capture amount according to Case 6 provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

[0048] Example 1: Figure 1-13 As shown, according to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a zero-carbon scheduling method for a virtual power plant including a solar thermal power station taking into account game with multiple resources is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0049] Step S1, the parks included in the virtual power plant control of the solar thermal power station are divided into park 1, park 2, and park 3 according to different resources; a game framework between the virtual power plant containing the solar thermal power station and its internal multiple resources is established; the virtual power plant is the game leader, and the users on the load side of the virtual power plant, the electric energy storage ESS on the energy storage side, and the upper power grid are followers; the virtual power plant containing the solar thermal power station includes a power supply side, a load side, an energy storage side, and carbon utilization equipment; Park 1 is a cold, heat, and electricity load cogeneration type park, Park 2 is a heat and electricity load cogeneration type park, and Park 3 is an electric load type park;

[0050] Specifically, the power supply side includes a solar thermal power station CSP containing an organic Rankine cycle device, photovoltaic PV, wind power WT, a combined heat and power unit CHP, and a combined heat, heat and power unit CCHP. The load side includes electrical load, thermal load, and cooling load. The energy storage side includes electrical energy storage ESS. The carbon utilization equipment includes a carbon capture device CCS and a power-to-gas device P2G. The solar thermal power station CSP containing an organic Rankine cycle device includes an organic Rankine cycle device ORC, a solar thermal collector field HF, and a heat storage tank TES. The combined heat and power unit CHP involves a gas turbine GT, a gas boiler GB, and a waste heat boiler WHB (a device that collects heat to supply thermal loads). The combined heat, heat and power unit CCHP involves a gas turbine GT, a gas boiler GB, a waste heat boiler WHB, a refrigerator RC, and an air conditioner AC.

[0051] Step S2, establishing a CSP power plant output model including an organic Rankine cycle ORC, a heat collecting mirror field HF, and a heat storage tank TES;

[0052] Step S3, establish the CHP output model of the combined heat and power unit and the CCHP output model of the combined heat and power unit; establish the actual carbon emission model based on the CHP output model of the combined heat and power unit and the CCHP output model of the combined heat and power unit; and allocate the carbon responsibility on the power supply side to Park 1 and Park 2 through the location fair allocation rule;

[0053] Step S4, establishing a carbon capture-power-to-gas coupling model;

[0054] Step S5: Establishing a carbon trading model and green certificate revenue model after responsibility sharing;

[0055] Step S6: Based on the CSP power station output model, the carbon capture-power-to-gas coupling model, the carbon trading model after responsibility sharing, and the green certificate revenue model, a master-slave game model with one master and multiple followers is constructed, with power balance as a constraint, the leader's goal being to achieve zero-carbon operation and maximize total revenue, and the follower's goal being to maximize revenue; and the maximum revenue of the leader and the follower in the master-slave game is solved.

[0056] Furthermore, the step 2 is specifically as follows: after considering the thermal energy utilization efficiency, an organic Rankine cycle output model for power generation using solar waste heat is established as shown in formula (3); after establishing the organic Rankine cycle output model, the solar collector field HF of formula (2) and the heat storage tank model of formula (4) are combined to establish a solar thermal power station output model containing an organic Rankine cycle ORC, a collector field HF, and a heat storage tank, as follows:

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] Where P CSP (t) is the CSP output during period t; are the heat provided by the solar collector field and the heat storage tank to the generator; η r-d is the thermoelectric conversion efficiency; are the maximum and minimum output of CSP respectively; R max , R min are the upper and lower limits of CSP climbing respectively; Q HF (t) is the heat collected by the solar collector field during period t; Q toss (t) is the self-heat dissipation during the period t; η g-r is the photothermal conversion efficiency of the collector field; S HF is the total area of ​​the solar collector field; D t is the light intensity during period t; H ORC (t) is the heat recovery amount supplied to the ORC device; η RE is the heat recovery efficiency; η loss is the system self-heating efficiency; η ORC is the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of ORC, P ORC,1 (t), P ORC,2 (t), P ORC,3 (t) are the power supplied by ORC to parks 1, 2 and 3 during period t; P CSP,1 (t), P CSP,2 (t), P CSP,3 (t) is the power supplied by the CSP power station to parks 1, 2, and 3 during period t; P ORC,CCS (t), P ORC,P2G (t) is the electric power supplied by ORC to CCS and P2G respectively; E(t) is the heat storage capacity of the heat storage tank during period t; ρ is the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat storage tank; η in , η out are the heat storage and heat release efficiencies of the heat storage tank; E in (t), E out (t) are the heat storage and heat release of the heat storage tank in period t; is the remaining thermal power of the collector field; P ORC(t) is the total electrical power generated by the organic Rankine cycle using waste heat.

[0060] Furthermore, the output model of the combined heat and power unit CHP and the combined cooling, heating and power unit CCHP is:

[0061]

[0062] Q AC (t) = η AC P ac (t)(9);

[0063] The actual carbon emission model is:

[0064]

[0065] D a =D IE,a -D cap,a (11);

[0066] The carbon responsibility on the power supply side is allocated to Park 1 and Park 2 through the location fair allocation rule, and the expression is:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, is the electric power of the GT unit of the nth park of the virtual power plant in period t; is the gas power required by the GT of the nth park in period t; is the electrical conversion efficiency of the GT unit in the nth park; is the thermal power of the GT unit in the nth park during period t; is the thermal conversion efficiency of the GT unit in the nth park; They are the upper and lower limits of the gas power of the GT unit in the nth park; is the thermal power of the nth WHB in period t; is the heat dissipation efficiency of the WHB in the nth park; is the thermal power of the GB device in the nth park during period t; is the gas power required by GB of the nth park in period t; is the thermal conversion efficiency of GB in the nth park; are the upper and lower limits of the gas power of GB in the nth park; is the WHB heat output of Park 1; P rc (t) is the heat power absorbed by the refrigerator; P h,load (t) is the thermal power of GB supply load; P c,ac (t) is the cooling power; η acis the electric cooling conversion coefficient; Q AC (t) is the cooling power of the air conditioner, P ac (t) is the power consumption of the air conditioner;

[0069] D IE,a is the actual carbon emission of CHP; is the equivalent output of the gas-fired units in the nth park of the virtual power plant in period t; x2, y2, z2 are the carbon emission coefficients of the gas-fired units; is the mass of greenhouse gases captured by CCS in period t; D cap,a The amount of carbon emissions reduced by the carbon capture device; D a is the actual total carbon emissions;

[0070] is the carbon responsibility that the power supply side should bear during period t; k is the proportionality coefficient; T is the scheduling period, which is 24; is the carbon responsibility borne by the nth park load in period t.

[0071] Furthermore, the carbon capture-power-to-gas coupling (CCS-P2G) model is expressed as:

[0072]

[0073] Where P CCS (t) is the electric power consumed by CCS in period t; P ORC,CCS (t), P WT,CCS (t) are the electric power supplied by ORC and wind farm WT to CCS during period t; η CO2 is the carbon capture efficiency; P ORC,P2G (t), P WT,P2G (t) are the electric power supplied by ORC and wind farm WT to P2G respectively; P P2G (t) is the power consumed by P2G in period t; P2G is the P2G conversion coefficient; g is the natural gas synthesis coefficient; P P2G,g (t) is the resultant gas power; is the mass of greenhouse gases captured by CCS in period t.

[0074] Furthermore, the carbon trading model after responsibility sharing is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] Furthermore, the green certificate income model is specifically as follows:

[0077]

[0078] Where: They are the carbon costs borne by gas-fired units on the power supply side and the carbon costs borne by the load side; is the total cost of carbon emissions; k is the apportionment ratio coefficient, which is 0.5 in this invention; λ is the carbon trading base price; α is the increase in reward and punishment prices; l is the interval length; G CSP is the total revenue of CSP; α CSP The unit price of green certificate is 80 yuan / MWh in this invention; P CSP (t) is the CSP output in period t; Δt is the scheduling period step, which is 1h; B L,i The green certificate income shared by the i-th park; B CSP It is the remaining green certificate income of the solar thermal power station after apportionment.

[0079] Furthermore, the master-slave game model with one master and multiple followers, which takes power balance as a constraint condition, the leader takes achieving zero-carbon operation and maximizing total benefits as a goal, and the follower takes maximizing benefits as a goal, includes a leader's benefit model, a follower's benefit model, and constraints.

[0080] Furthermore, the leader's profit model is specifically as follows:

[0081]

[0082] In the formula, C Leader is the total benefit of the leader (subject side); C IES , C NEW are the total revenues of gas-fired units and new energy units in the virtual power plant (C NEW That is, the total income of new energy sources such as solar thermal power stations, wind power, photovoltaic power, etc.); P i,PV (t), P i,CHP (t) are the ith PV and CHP outputs in period t, respectively, P2P , CHP are the electricity selling prices of photovoltaic and gas-fired units respectively; h P is the selling price per unit; air (t) is the cooling power during period t; λ e is the unit price of cooling power; The cost of capturing greenhouse gases; g is the gas purchase cost; WT , ORC are the unit prices of wind power and ORC electricity sales respectively; P windess (t) is the power sold by wind power to the energy storage station; CSP , csp are the unit electricity selling price and unit power generation cost of CSP respectively; C IDR is the comprehensive demand response benefit; C e,DR , C h,DR are the electricity and heat benefits of the park users respectively; P P2G(t) is the power consumption of the power-to-gas (P2G) device; P CCS (t) is the power consumption of the carbon capture (CCS) device; λ ORC is the electricity sales price of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) device; P ORC,CCS (t) the electrical power supplied by the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plant to the carbon capture (CCS) plant; P ORC,P2G (t) is the electrical power supplied by the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) device to the power-to-gas (P2G) device; g is the unit price of gas purchase; is the gas power required by the GT of the nth park in period t; is the gas power required by the nth GB in period t; is the carbon cost borne by the combined heat and power (CHP) unit and the combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) unit on the power supply side; buy is the electricity purchase cost; P i,WIND (t) is the wind power transmission power to the i-th park during period t; P WT,CCS (t) is the power of wind power supplied to carbon capture CCS during period t; P WT,P2G (t) is the power of wind power supplied to P2G during period t.

[0083] Furthermore, taking the users on the load side of the virtual power plant, the electric energy storage ESS on the energy storage side and the upper-level power grid as followers, maximizing the total profit is the objective function, and the profit model of the followers is:

[0084] maxC D =C ESS +C Grid +C L,DR (twenty one);

[0085]

[0086] In the formula, C D is the total revenue of the followers; C ESS is the income of the energy storage station; C Grid The income of the upper power grid; C L,DR is the total revenue of park users; P i,ch (t), P i,dis (t) are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage station to the i park during period t; P wind (t) is the charging power of the wind farm to the energy storage station during period t; P i,buy (t) is the power purchased by the ith park from the upper power grid during period t; dis P is the electricity selling price of the upper power grid; windgrid (t) is the power purchased by the upper power grid from the wind farm during period t; P , δ cUnit price of compensation for transferable and reducible electric loads; μ p , μ c are the compensation unit prices for transferable and reducible heat loads respectively; CESS is the unit price of energy storage electricity; C e,DR The benefits of electricity users after participating in the response; C h,DR The benefit of the hot user after participating in the response; B L,i is the green certificate income allocated to the i-th park; f L,CO2 The carbon trading costs borne by the load side after carbon responsibility sharing; is the amount of electrical load that can be transferred; is the amount of electrical load that can be reduced; is the amount of heat load that can be transferred; is the amount of heat load that can be reduced; WT The unit price of wind power sales.

[0087] Furthermore, the constraint conditions include power balance of Park 1, Park 2, and Park 3, and their expressions are respectively:

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] Where P 1,buy (t) is the power purchased by Park 1 from the upper power grid during period t; P 12 (t), P 13 (t) is the power transmitted from Park 1 to Park 2 and Park 3 during period t; P 21 (t) is the transmission power from Park 2 to Park 1 during period t; They are the discharging and charging power of energy storage to Park 1 during period t respectively; is the power load after the response of Park 1 during period t; is the CHP output of Park 1 during period t; The power supplied by the wind farm to Park 1 during period t; P is the photovoltaic power supply to Park 1 during period t; CSP,1 (t) is the power supplied by the CSP power station to Park 1 during period t; P ORC,1 (t) is the electrical power provided by ORC to Park 1 during period t;

[0091] P 2,buy (t) is the power purchased by Park 2 during period t; are the discharge and charge power of energy storage to Park 2 during period t; P 23 (t) is the transmission power from Park 2 to Park 3 during period t; is the CHP output of Park 2 during period t; are the power supplied by wind farm and photovoltaic power plant to Park 2 during period t; P CSP,2 (t) is the electric power provided by the CSP power station to Park 2 during period t; P ORC,2 (t) is the electrical power provided by ORC to Park 2 during period t; is the electrical load of Park 2 after the response in period t;

[0092] P 3,buy (t) is the purchased power of Park 3 during period t; P is the power supplied by the wind farm to Park 3 during period t; CSP,3 (t) is the electric power provided by the CSP power station to Park 3 during period t; P ORC,3 (t) is the electric power provided by ORC to Park 3 during period t; is the electrical load of Park 3 after the response in period t;

[0093] is the load after thermal response of the nth park in period t; P c,load (t) is the cooling load during period t; P ac (t) is the power consumption of the air conditioner; is the thermal power of the nth GT unit in period t; is the thermal power of the nth GB device in period t; P c,ac (t) is the cooling power after heat-cold conversion; Q AC (t) is the cooling power of the air conditioner.

[0094] Furthermore, the process of solving the game model of one master and multiple slaves in step S6 is as follows:

[0095] S6.1. Input the original load, HF collector parameters of the collector field, wind power WT, photovoltaic PV output data, gas-fired unit (CHP, CCHP) operating parameters, energy storage operating parameters, upper grid transmission limit and other data;

[0096] S6.2. Set the maximum number of iterations of the improved particle swarm algorithm: k max =200, initialize the number of iterations k0 = 0, initialize the electricity price λ of the organic Rankine cycle ORC ORC , Gas-fired unit electricity sales priceλ CHP (The electricity selling price of CHP and CCHP is the same), heat selling price λ h and the transferable electricity compensation unit price δ P 、Can reduce the electricity compensation unit price δ c 、Transferable heat compensation unit price μ P , can reduce the unit price of heat compensation μ c Initial parameters;

[0097] S6.3, according to S6.2, steps to maximize the total revenue as the goal to solve the organic Rankine cycle ORC electricity price λ when the number of iterations K = 200 ORC , Gas-fired unit electricity sales priceλ CHP (The electricity selling price of CHP and CCHP is the same), heat selling price λ h and the transferable electricity compensation unit price δ P 、Can reduce the electricity compensation unit price δ c 、Transferable heat compensation unit price μ P , can reduce the unit price of heat compensation μ c ;

[0098] S6.4. After the park users receive the electricity and heat selling prices and the transferable and reducible incentive compensation information, and the carbon reduction equipment receives the ORC price information, the GUROBI solver is used to solve the electricity and heat load response when the park users have the maximum benefit, and the ORC power generation utilization and carbon dioxide utilization of the carbon reduction equipment at the optimal ORC electricity price;

[0099] S6.5, after the energy storage station and the upper power grid receive the optimal electricity selling price information, the GUROBI solver is used to solve the power absorbed by the upper power grid and the energy storage station when the upper power grid and the energy storage station have the maximum discount;

[0100] S6.6. Proof of the unique solution of the master-slave game:

[0101] There are three conditions for the existence of a unique solution to the master-slave game: first, the strategies of the leader and the follower are non-empty sets; second, there is only one solution when the follower participates in the leader's decision-making; third, after the follower participates in the decision-making, the leader has a maximum (minimum) value.

[0102] It can be seen from the present invention that the leader sets the electricity and heat prices and incentive compensation as a non-empty set; the load participates in the game as a CSP power receiver, and the energy storage participates in the game as a receiver of surplus power from other power sources. The upper power grid aims to reduce the cost of purchasing energy and sell as much power as possible. The three do not conflict with each other, and the total revenue of the follower is composed of the maximum revenue of the three, that is, each follower also has a unique maximum value; after the followers participate in the decision-making, it can be seen from the simulation results that the leader's revenue also has a unique maximum value. It can be proved that the solution of the game strategy of the present invention is the optimal solution.

[0103] Furthermore, in order to analyze the impact of the proposed model on the carbon emissions and economic benefits of virtual power plants, the present invention sets up 6 cases for comparative analysis, namely:

[0104] Case 1: The virtual power plant VPP has a 10MW CSP capacity. When the VPP has 40% of the free quota, it is optimized through time-of-use electricity sales, heat sales prices and demand response compensation prices;

[0105] Case 2: The virtual power plant VPP has a 10MW CSP capacity. When the VPP has 18% of the free quota, it is optimized through time-of-use electricity sales, heat sales prices and demand response compensation prices;

[0106] Case 3: The virtual power plant VPP has a 10MW CSP capacity. When the VPP has no free quota, it optimizes the price through time-of-use electricity sales, heat sales prices and demand response compensation prices;

[0107] Case 4: The virtual power plant VPP has a CSP with a capacity of 10MW. When the VPP has 40% free quota, it is optimized through the master-slave game strategy;

[0108] Case 5: The virtual power plant VPP has a CSP with a capacity of 10MW. When the VPP has 18% free quota, it is optimized through the master-slave game strategy;

[0109] Case 6: The virtual power plant VPP has a CSP with a capacity of 10MW. When the VPP has no free quota, it is optimized through the master-slave game strategy.

[0110] According to the above 6 cases, the scheduling results are analyzed.

[0111] In order to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed model, in the example set by the present invention, VPP aggregates 10MW of CSP capacity and 2MW of wind farm capacity. Park 1 is equipped with small photovoltaic and combined heat and power units, and Park 2 is equipped with small photovoltaic and combined heat and power units. The right to use belongs to VPP. Park 3 is a park without power supply. In order to clarify the carbon responsibility of each park, VPP only allows the purchase and sale of renewable energy between parks. Because the photovoltaic output of VPP is small, its green certificate income is ignored. The capacity of the energy storage station is 3MWh; the gas-fired units inside the VPP are combined heat and power, and combined heat and power. This paper uses MATLAB2018b for simulation verification. The incentive compensation, electricity sales, and heat sales prices are optimized using the improved particle swarm algorithm, and each objective function is solved using the GUROBI solver. Figure 3 is the initial load of the park, Figure 4 is the photovoltaic output, wind power output and mirror field collection power of VPP; the unit price of gas purchase is 0.35 yuan, the CSP on-grid electricity price and power generation cost are 1.15 yuan / kWh and 0.85 yuan / kWh respectively; Table 1 shows the parameters of CHP, CCHP, heat storage tank, etc., and Table 2 shows the time-of-use price. The operation status under different cases is shown in Table 3.

[0112] Table 1

[0113] equipment Power limit / kW(kWh) Conversion factor / % P2G 600 75 GT 600 35 ORC / 80 WHB 1600 72 GB 700 90 Air conditioner 6000 300 Heat storage tank 10000(kWh) /

[0114] Table 2

[0115] Time Upper grid price (yuan) Electricity price between parks (yuan) Wind power price (yuan) Energy storage electricity price (yuan) 0：00-7：00 0.31 0.19 0.25 0.25 8：00-11：00 0.64 0.42 0.53 0.53 12：00-23：00 1 0.67 0.84 0.84

[0116] Table 3

[0117]

[0118] From the operation results in Table 3, it can be seen that from a local comparison, there is no free quota in the carbon market of Cases 4 and 6. Compared with Case 6, the leader's profit in Case 4 is higher and the follower's profit is slightly lower. This is because the ORC electricity price of the leader in Case 4 adopts a time-of-use electricity price, which is higher than the real-time electricity price in Case 6, so that the leader can obtain more profits, but the ORC electricity accepted by the carbon reduction equipment is less than that in Case 6, and 8,000 kg of greenhouse gases are still not captured on the dispatch day; in Cases 1-5, the upper power grid is more responsible for accepting a small part of traditional renewable energy that the virtual power plant cannot fully utilize, and the park is less dependent on the upper power grid, so it does not gain much benefit in the game, but only purchases renewable energy at a low price to reduce the cost of purchasing electricity; in Cases 1, 2, 4, and 5, due to the existence of free quotas, the unit will use the surplus quota as income after achieving carbon emissions less than the free quota. The comparison of Cases 1, 2 and Cases 4 and 5 shows that the more free quotas, the greater the net emissions.

[0119] From a holistic perspective, in the master-slave game, when the leader’s benefits decrease, the net greenhouse gas emissions will be smaller. The zero-carbon operation achieved in Case 6 is due to the leader’s increased incentives, that is, setting an ORC electricity price lower than the time-of-use electricity price, and supplying it to the park’s carbon equipment at a price lower than the park’s electricity sales price. This allows the park to accept more CSP electricity while also allowing more ORC electricity to be used as energy consumption to drive carbon equipment, thereby achieving greenhouse gas control.

[0120] As can be seen from the above, the leader sets the electricity and heat prices and incentive compensation as a non-empty set; the load participates in the game as a CSP power receiver, and the energy storage participates in the game as a receiver of surplus power from other power sources. The upper power grid aims to reduce the cost of purchasing energy and sell as much power as possible. The three do not conflict with each other, and the total revenue of the follower is composed of the maximum revenue of the three, that is, each follower also has a unique maximum value; after the followers participate in the decision-making, it can be seen from the simulation results that the leader's revenue also has a unique maximum value. It can be proved that the solution of the game strategy of the present invention is the optimal solution.

[0121] The present invention draws the following conclusions:

[0122] 1) The enthusiasm of followers to participate in the game is one of the key factors to achieve zero-carbon operation of virtual power plants, and the rationality of carbon responsibility sharing and green certificate income sharing is an important factor for followers to actively participate in the response. This paper uses the "positional fairness" rule of the average marginal carbon emission factor to share carbon responsibility and green certificate income. It not only takes refined carbon measurement and income measurement as the premise for the formulation of zero-carbon operation strategies, but also improves the enthusiasm of the load side to participate in carbon reduction;

[0123] 2) The cost of CSP power generation is higher than that of traditional renewable energy, but it retains flexibility. Saving the cost of mobilizing flexible resources is the advantage of CSP power stations. This paper improves the utilization rate of solar thermal energy by using ORC, and supplies it to carbon reduction equipment such as CCS and P2G at a price lower than that of all types of power sources. At the same time, the green certificate income generated by solar thermal power generation is allocated to the load side according to the "positional fairness" principle, thereby reducing the power generation cost of CSP equivalently and improving its market competitiveness;

[0124] 3) Carbon trading is an economic means to guide low-carbon behavior. The number of free quotas directly affects the enthusiasm of both parties to participate in carbon trading. When free quotas and carbon benefits gradually decrease, this strategy takes into account the late stage of carbon market maturity, that is, when the free quota is zero, and increases the enthusiasm of both parties to accept CSP electricity by participating in carbon trading with CSP power stations.

[0125] Reference significance of the strategy proposed in this invention:

[0126] ORC power generation is the main part of CSP participating in carbon trading. In terms of CSP waste heat utilization, ORC's circulating fluid and circulating conditions are important factors affecting the efficiency of heat and electricity conversion, and are also one of the keys to reducing the operating costs of CSP power plants. The strategy in this paper is for subsequent energy Incorporating efficiency into the zero-carbon concept provides theoretical support.

[0127] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a zero-carbon scheduling system for a virtual power plant containing a solar thermal power station is provided that takes into account game with multiple resources, including: a first module, used to execute step S1: dividing the park included in the virtual power plant control containing the solar thermal power station into park 1, park 2, and park 3 according to different resources; establishing a game architecture between the virtual power plant containing the solar thermal power station and its internal multiple resources; taking the virtual power plant as the game leader, and the users on the load side of the virtual power plant, the electric energy storage ESS on the energy storage side, and the upper-level power grid as followers; the virtual power plant containing the solar thermal power station includes a power supply side, a load side, an energy storage side, and carbon utilization equipment; Park 1 is a cold, heat and electricity load cogeneration type park, Park 2 is a heat and electricity load cogeneration type park, and Park 3 is an electric load type park; a second module, used to execute step S2: establishing a solar thermal power station output model containing an organic Rankine cycle ORC, a collector mirror field HF, and a heat storage tank TES ; The third module is used to execute step S3: establish the CHP output model of the combined heat and power unit and the CCHP output model of the combined heat and power unit; establish the actual carbon emission model based on the CHP output model of the combined heat and power unit and the CCHP output model of the combined heat and power unit; and allocate the carbon responsibility on the power supply side to Park 1 and Park 2 through the location fair sharing rule; the fourth module is used to execute step S4: establish the carbon capture-electricity-to-gas coupling model; the fifth module is used to execute step S5: establish the carbon trading model and green certificate income model after responsibility sharing; the sixth module is used to execute step S6, based on the output model of the solar thermal power station, the carbon capture-electricity-to-gas coupling model, the carbon trading model and the green certificate income model after responsibility sharing, construct a master-slave game model with one master and multiple slaves with power balance as the constraint condition and the maximum benefit of the leader and follower as the goal; and solve the maximum benefit of the leader and follower in the master-slave game.

[0128] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above implementation modes, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A zero-carbon dispatching method for a virtual power plant containing a solar thermal power plant considering game with multiple resources, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, dividing the parks included in the virtual power plant control including the solar thermal power station into park 1, park 2, and park 3 according to different resources; Establish a game framework between a virtual power plant including a solar thermal power station and its internal multiple resources; take the virtual power plant as the game leader, and take the users on the load side of the virtual power plant, the electric energy storage ESS on the energy storage side, and the upper power grid as followers; the virtual power plant including the solar thermal power station includes a power supply side, a load side, an energy storage side, and carbon utilization equipment; Park 1 is a cold, heat, and electricity load cogeneration park, Park 2 is a heat and electricity load cogeneration park, and Park 3 is an electricity load park; Step S2, establishing a CSP power plant output model including an organic Rankine cycle ORC, a heat collecting mirror field HF, and a heat storage tank TES; Step S3, establish the CHP output model of the combined heat and power unit and the CCHP output model of the combined heat and power unit; establish the actual carbon emission model based on the CHP output model of the combined heat and power unit and the CCHP output model of the combined heat and power unit; and allocate the carbon responsibility on the power supply side to Park 1 and Park 2 through the location fair allocation rule; Step S4, establishing a carbon capture-power-to-gas coupling model; Step S5: Establishing a carbon trading model and green certificate revenue model after responsibility sharing; Step S6: Based on the CSP power station output model, the carbon capture-power-to-gas coupling model, the carbon trading model after responsibility sharing, and the green certificate revenue model, a master-slave game model with one master and multiple followers is constructed, with power balance as a constraint, the leader's goal being to achieve zero-carbon operation and maximize total revenue, and the follower's goal being to maximize revenue; and the maximum revenue of the leader and the follower in the master-slave game is solved.

2. The zero-carbon scheduling method of a virtual power plant containing a solar thermal power station considering game with multiple resources according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon trading model after responsibility sharing is as follows: Where: They are the carbon costs borne by gas-fired units on the power supply side and the carbon costs borne by the load side; is the total cost of carbon emissions; k is the apportionment coefficient; λ is the carbon trading base price; α is the increase in reward and punishment prices; l is the interval length; D a The actual total carbon emissions are obtained based on the actual carbon emissions model.

3. The zero-carbon dispatching method of a virtual power plant containing a solar thermal power station considering the game with multiple resources according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The green certificate income model after responsibility sharing is as follows: Where: G CSP is the total revenue of CSP; α CSP P is the selling price of green certificates; CSP (t) is the CSP output in period t; Δt is the step length of the scheduling period; B L,i The green certificate income allocated to the i-th park; k is the proportional coefficient of allocation; B CSP It is the remaining green certificate income of the solar thermal power station after apportionment.

4. The zero-carbon dispatching method of a virtual power plant containing a solar thermal power station considering game with multiple resources according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The master-slave game model with one master and multiple followers, which takes power balance as a constraint condition, the leader takes achieving zero-carbon operation and maximizing total benefits as a goal, and the follower takes maximizing benefits as a goal, includes a leader's benefit model, a follower's benefit model, and constraints.

5. The zero-carbon dispatching method of a virtual power plant containing a solar thermal power station taking into account the game with multiple resources according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The leader's profit model is specifically as follows: In the formula, C Leader is the total benefit of the leader; C IES , C NEW are the total revenues of gas-fired units and new energy units in the virtual power plant; P i,PV (t), P i,CHP (t) are the ith PV and CHP outputs in period t, respectively, P2P , CHP They are the unit prices of electricity sold by photovoltaic and gas-fired units respectively; is the thermal power of the nth GB device in period t; is the thermal power of the nth GT unit in period t; h P is the selling price per unit; air (t) is the cooling power during period t; λ e is the unit price of cooling power; C IDR For comprehensive demand response benefits; The cost of capturing greenhouse gases; g The cost of purchasing gas; is the carbon cost borne by the combined heat and power (CHP) unit and the combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) unit on the power supply side; buy is the electricity purchase cost; C e,DR , C h,DR are the electricity and heat benefits of the park users respectively; P i,WIND (t) is the wind power transmission power to the i-th park during period t; λ WT , ORC are the unit prices of wind power and ORC electricity sales respectively; P CSP (t) is the CSP output during period t; P windess (t) is the power sold by wind power to the energy storage station; P WT,P2G (t) is the power supplied by wind power to P2G during period t; P WT,CCS (t) is the energy consumption of wind power supplied to CCS during period t; P ORC,CCS (t) is the electrical power supplied by ORC to CCS; P ORC,P2G (t) is the electrical power supplied by ORC to P2G; CSP , csp are the unit electricity selling price and unit power generation cost of CSP respectively; B CSP It is the remaining green certificate income of the solar thermal power station after apportionment.

6. The zero-carbon dispatching method of a virtual power plant containing a solar thermal power station taking into account the game with multiple resources according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The follower's profit model is: maxC D =C ESS +C Grid +C L,DR ; In the formula, C D is the total revenue of the followers; C ESS is the income of the energy storage station; C Grid The income of the upper power grid; C L,DR is the total revenue of park users; P i,ch (t), P i,dis (t) are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage station to the i-park during period t; λ CESS P is the unit price of energy storage electricity; wind (t) is the charging power of the wind farm to the energy storage station during period t; P i,buy (t) is the power purchased by the ith park from the upper power grid during period t; λ dis P is the electricity selling price of the upper power grid; windgrid (t) is the power purchased by the upper grid from the wind farm during period t; C e,DR The benefits of electricity users after participating in the response; C h,DR The benefit of the hot user after participating in the response; B L,i The green certificate income allocated to the i-th park; The carbon trading cost borne by the load side after carbon responsibility sharing; WT The unit price of wind power sales.

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