Liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on liquid hydrogen cold source

Abstract

The invention provides a liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on a liquid hydrogen cold source, and belongs to the field of superconducting electromagnetic energy storage. The main purpose is to utilize a liquid hydrogen cold source to generate a low-temperature environment required by the superconducting energy storage magnet. The system mainly comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container, a heat exchange device, a superconducting energy storage magnet and a superconducting energy storage magnet container. The superconducting energy storage magnet is completely immersed in the liquid neon environment, the superconducting energy storage magnet generates alternating current loss in the charging and discharging process, and the liquid neon is gasified through heat generated by the alternating current loss and system leakage heat. The generated neon gas flows through a heat exchange device in the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container through a vacuum heat insulation pipeline and exchanges cold energy with pressurized liquid hydrogen, so that the neon gas is liquefied into liquid neon, and the liquid neon returns to the superconducting magnet container through the vacuum heat insulation pipeline. According to the superconducting magnetic energy storage system, liquid hydrogen cold energy and liquid neon evaporative cooling are utilized, the operation cost of the energy storage system is reduced, and meanwhile the heat stability of the superconducting magnet and the safety of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of energy storage, and in particular relates to a liquid neon evaporative cooling magnetic energy storage system based on a liquid hydrogen cold source. Background Art

[0002] At present, the cooling methods of superconducting energy storage magnets can be divided into three types: liquid immersion cooling, gas immersion, and conduction cooling. Liquid immersion cooling is a common method, and the coolants used are liquid helium (1.8K-4.2K), liquid nitrogen (63K-77K), liquid neon (24K-27K) and liquid hydrogen (13K-20K); gas cooling can use helium, neon, and nitrogen as cooling media, which are usually less efficient; conduction cooling usually includes direct cooling by refrigerators and indirect cooling by refrigerators through transfer media such as liquid nitrogen and nitrogen.

[0003] With the increasing maturity of refrigeration technology, superconducting energy storage technology, new energy hydrogen production technology and liquid hydrogen transportation technology, liquid hydrogen and superconducting fusion energy storage has become possible. Liquid hydrogen is used to provide the cold source and low temperature environment required for superconducting magnetic energy storage, and the loss generated by superconducting magnetic energy storage is used to gasify and apply liquid hydrogen, which will greatly reduce the operating cost of the fusion energy storage system. However, hydrogen has relatively active chemical properties, is difficult to seal, and has a wide explosion range. When superconducting magnets are directly soaked in liquid hydrogen, once the superconducting magnets are partially damaged by quenching and arcing, or the current leads produce discharge corona, etc., they may react with liquid hydrogen to cause an explosion. Therefore, direct cooling of superconducting energy storage magnets with liquid hydrogen faces great safety risks. In order to solve the problem of direct cooling of superconducting energy storage magnets by liquid hydrogen, Chinese invention patent CN202210656686.4 provides a superconducting liquid hydrogen energy storage device. The superconducting energy storage magnet is cooled by solid nitrogen. The solid nitrogen dewar is immersed in liquid hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen storage container and the superconducting magnet container are integrated. There are multiple interfaces such as refrigerator, hydrogen transmission pipeline and current lead on the cover of the superconducting magnet container. Liquid hydrogen is easy to leak. Once the superconducting magnet loses supersonic force or the current lead generates discharge corona, there is still a safety problem. Chinese invention patent CN202210758146.7 provides a superconducting energy storage system using liquid hydrogen circulation refrigeration and solid nitrogen cooling. The liquid hydrogen storage tank and the superconducting magnet Dewar are designed as separate parts, and the liquid hydrogen circulation pipeline is placed inside the solid nitrogen to remove the heat transferred from the superconducting magnet to the solid nitrogen. The safety of this technology has been improved, but a liquid hydrogen circulation system needs to be added. In addition, the thermal stability of the solid nitrogen cooled superconducting magnet is relatively poor compared to liquid cooling. Whether the heat can be quickly removed under the rapid charging and discharging conditions of the superconducting magnet needs further discussion. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects and improvement needs of the existing cooling technology of superconducting energy storage magnets, the present invention provides a liquid neon evaporation cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on liquid hydrogen cold source, which uses the AC loss generated during the rapid charging and discharging of the superconducting energy storage magnet to gasify the liquid neon, and uses the coldness stored in the pressurized liquid hydrogen to re-liquefy the neon gas, and relies on the gravity of the liquid neon to flow back into the superconducting magnet dewar to achieve the purpose of cooling the superconducting energy storage magnet. The liquid neon immersion cooling superconducting energy storage magnet has high thermal stability, and because the liquid neon is an inert medium, the safety of the superconducting energy storage magnet can be ensured.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0006] A liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on a liquid hydrogen cold source, mainly comprising: a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container, a heat exchange device, a superconducting energy storage magnet and a superconducting energy storage magnet container;

[0007] The heat exchange device is immersed in liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container, the superconducting energy storage magnet is immersed in liquid neon in the superconducting energy storage magnet container, the inlet end of the heat exchange device is connected to the superconducting energy storage magnet container through a first vacuum insulation pipe, the outlet end of the heat exchange device is connected to the superconducting energy storage magnet container through a second vacuum insulation pipe, and the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container through a third vacuum insulation pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the neon flow regulating valve is arranged in the middle of the first vacuum insulation tube, the liquid neon flow regulating valve is arranged in the middle of the second vacuum insulation tube, the liquid hydrogen flow regulating valve is arranged in the middle of the third vacuum insulation tube, and the hydrogen flow regulating valve is arranged at the hydrogen outlet.

[0009] Preferably, in order to ensure that the temperature of the liquid hydrogen is higher than the freezing point of liquid neon, the liquid hydrogen is in a pressurized supersaturated state.

[0010] Preferably, the energy storage superconducting energy storage magnet can be in the shape of a single solenoid, a multi-solenoid, or a ring. The single coil of the ring structure can be circular, rounded rectangular, or D-shaped; the superconducting coil can be made of REBCO, BSCCO, MgB 2 It is made of one or more superconducting materials such as iron-based superconducting materials.

[0011] Preferably, the normal temperature current lead is made of copper conductor material, and the low temperature current lead is made of REBCO or BSCCO material to reduce system heat leakage.

[0012] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container should include a certain gas phase space.

[0013] Preferably, in order to facilitate the regulation of liquid hydrogen injection, a liquid hydrogen filling port is provided above the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0014] Preferably, in order to facilitate the adjustment of the supersaturated hydrogen temperature, a hydrogen outlet is provided above the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container.

[0015] Preferably, to facilitate heat exchange between neon gas and supersaturated liquid hydrogen, the shape of the heat exchange device can be a variety of structures, such as a fin structure, a tubular structure, etc.

[0016] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0017] (1) The present invention uses a liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on a liquid hydrogen cooling source, which fully utilizes the liquid hydrogen cooling source and reduces the manufacturing and operation and maintenance costs of the superconducting energy storage system. In addition, the superconducting energy storage magnet adopts liquid neon evaporative cooling, which can effectively improve the thermal stability of the superconducting energy storage magnet compared with the refrigerator conduction cooling and solid nitrogen cooling methods.

[0018] (2) The present invention is based on a liquid neon evaporation cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system with a liquid hydrogen cooling source. The liquid hydrogen storage tank and the superconducting energy storage magnet container are designed separately. The superconducting energy storage magnet quench damage, arcing and ignition, as well as the current lead discharge corona generation will not bring the risk of hydrogen and liquid hydrogen explosion, which can effectively improve the safety of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on a liquid hydrogen cooling source.

[0020] Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of the structures of superconducting energy storage magnets. (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-helical superconducting energy storage magnet, (b) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-helical superconducting energy storage magnet, and (c) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ring-shaped superconducting energy storage magnet.

[0021] In the figure: 1 is a liquid hydrogen filling port, 2 is a liquid hydrogen storage tank, 3 is a hydrogen flow regulating valve, 4 is a hydrogen outlet, 5 is a liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container, 6 is a heat exchange device, 7 is a first vacuum insulated pipeline, 8 is a neon flow regulating valve, 9 is a superconducting energy storage magnet, 10 is a superconducting energy storage magnet container, 11 is a room temperature current lead, 12 is a transition electrical connection device, 13 is a liquid neon flow regulating valve, 14 is a second vacuum insulated pipeline, 15 is a low temperature current lead, 16 is a liquid hydrogen flow regulating valve, and 17 is a third vacuum insulated pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0023] Example

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on a liquid hydrogen cooling source, as shown in the figure.

[0025] A liquid neon evaporation cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on a liquid hydrogen cold source comprises: a liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, a liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5, a heat exchange device 6, a superconducting energy storage magnet 9, and a superconducting energy storage magnet container 10; the superconducting energy storage magnet container 10 and the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5 are designed separately; the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5 are located above the side of the superconducting energy storage magnet container 10. The hydrogen leaked from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5 drifts upward, and even if the current lead of the superconducting energy storage magnet 9 generates a discharge corona, it will not cause the leaked hydrogen to burn and explode. The heat exchange device 6 is located inside the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5. The first vacuum insulated pipe 7 is located directly above the superconducting energy storage magnet container 10 and is connected to the top of the heat exchange device 6 inside the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5. The second vacuum insulated pipe 14 is connected to the lower part of the heat exchange device 6 inside the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5; the neon flow regulating valve 8 is arranged in the middle of the first vacuum insulated pipe 7, the liquid neon flow regulating valve 11 is arranged in the middle of the second vacuum insulated pipe 14, the liquid hydrogen flow regulating valve 16 is arranged in the middle of the third vacuum insulated pipe 17, and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 3 is arranged at the hydrogen outlet 4;

[0026] The evaporative cooling principle of the present invention is: the superconducting energy storage magnet 9 is immersed in a liquid neon environment, and when the superconducting energy storage magnet 9 is charged and discharged, the superconducting energy storage magnet 9 generates AC loss, and the heat generated by the AC loss vaporizes the liquid neon. The generated neon gas flows through the first vacuum insulation pipe 7, and then flows through the heat exchange device 6, exchanging energy with the cold in the pressurized liquid hydrogen, so that the neon gas is liquefied into liquid neon, and returns to the superconducting energy storage magnet container 10 through the third vacuum insulation pipe.

[0027] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5, and the superconducting energy storage magnet container 10 are all vacuum insulation containers.

[0028] Preferably, the third vacuum insulation pipe 17 is used to connect the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5 .

[0029] Preferably, the first vacuum insulated pipe 7 is used to connect to the top of the heat exchange device 6 inside the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5, and the neon gas exchanges heat with the pressurized liquid hydrogen through the heat exchange device 6.

[0030] Preferably, the second vacuum insulated pipe 14 is used to connect the lower part of the heat exchange device 6 inside the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5, and the neon gas is liquefied into liquid neon and flows into the superconducting energy storage magnet container 10 through the second vacuum insulated pipe 14.

[0031] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen is slowly injected into the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5 through the liquid hydrogen filling port 1 until the liquid hydrogen level completely submerges the heat exchange device 6 .

[0032] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 should maintain a certain gas phase space.

[0033] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5 should maintain a certain gas phase space.

[0034] Preferably, in order to ensure that the temperature of the liquid hydrogen is higher than the freezing point of liquid neon, the liquid hydrogen is in a pressurized supersaturated state.

[0035] Preferably, in order to ensure that the liquid hydrogen is in a pressurized supersaturated state, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5 should match the stored liquid hydrogen.

[0036] Preferably, the energy storage superconducting energy storage magnet 9 can be in the shape of a single spiral tube, a multi-spiral tube, or a ring. Figure 2 As shown. The single coil of the annular structure can adopt circular, rounded rectangular and D-shaped cross-section structures; the superconducting coil can adopt REBCO, BSCCO, MgB 2 , iron-based superconducting materials and other one or more superconducting materials;

[0037] Preferably, the room temperature current lead 11 of the superconducting energy storage magnet 9 is made of copper material, and the low temperature current lead 15 is made of REBCO or BSCCO superconducting material.

[0038] Preferably, the superconducting energy storage magnet 9 should be completely immersed in the liquid neon, and ensure that the liquid neon level is greater than the height of the superconducting energy storage magnet 9 .

[0039] Preferably, when the superconducting energy storage magnet 9 is charged and discharged, AC loss is generated to vaporize the liquid neon.

[0040] Preferably, the neon gas formed by vaporizing the liquid neon in the superconducting energy storage magnet container 10 flows into the heat exchange device 6 through the vacuum insulation pipe 7 .

[0041] Preferably, the heat exchange device 6 is completely immersed in the liquid hydrogen environment in the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container 5 .

[0042] Preferably, the neon gas in the vacuum insulated pipe 7 exchanges cold energy with the pressurized liquid hydrogen during the process of flowing through the heat exchange device 6, so that the neon gas is liquefied to form liquid neon.

[0043] Preferably, the liquid neon flows into the superconducting energy storage magnet container 10 through a vacuum insulation pipe 12 .

[0044] Preferably, the liquid neon used to cool the superconducting energy storage magnet 9 completes a cycle of vaporization and then liquefaction.

[0045] Preferably, the leads of the superconducting energy storage magnet 9 include a low-temperature current lead 15 located inside the superconducting energy storage magnet container 10 and a normal-temperature current lead 11 located outside the superconducting energy storage magnet container 10. The low-temperature current lead 15 and the normal-temperature current lead 11 are connected via a transition electrical connection device 12. The current leads are made in sections using copper conductors and REBCO and BSCCO materials to reduce heat leakage in the system.

[0046] So far, the technical route of the present invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, but it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on liquid hydrogen cooling source, characterized in that: include: Liquid hydrogen storage tanks, liquid hydrogen heat exchanger containers, heat exchange devices, superconducting energy storage magnets and superconducting energy storage magnet containers; The heat exchange device is immersed in liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container, the superconducting energy storage magnet is immersed in liquid neon in the superconducting energy storage magnet container, the inlet end of the heat exchange device is connected to the superconducting energy storage magnet container through a first vacuum insulation pipe, the outlet end of the heat exchange device is connected to the superconducting energy storage magnet container through a second vacuum insulation pipe, and the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container through a third vacuum insulation pipe.

2. According to claim 1, a liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on a liquid hydrogen cooling source is characterized in that: The neon gas flow regulating valve is arranged in the middle of the first vacuum insulation tube, the liquid neon flow regulating valve is arranged in the middle of the second vacuum insulation tube, and the liquid hydrogen flow regulating valve is arranged in the middle of the third vacuum insulation tube.

3. According to claim 1, a liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on a liquid hydrogen cooling source is characterized in that: Liquid hydrogen is in a pressurized supersaturated state.

4. According to claim 1, a liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on a liquid hydrogen cooling source is characterized in that: The energy storage superconducting energy storage magnet is in the shape of a single solenoid, a multi-solenoid or a ring, and a single coil of the ring structure adopts a circular, rounded rectangular or D-shaped cross-section structure.

5. According to claim 1, a liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on a liquid hydrogen cooling source is characterized in that: The room temperature current lead of the superconducting energy storage magnet is made of copper material, and the low temperature current lead is made of REBCO or BSCCO material.

6. The liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on liquid hydrogen cooling source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen storage tank and the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container include a gas phase space.

7. The liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on liquid hydrogen cooling source according to claim 1 is characterized by: A liquid hydrogen filling port is arranged above the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

8. The liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on liquid hydrogen cooling source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A hydrogen outlet is arranged above the liquid hydrogen heat exchanger container.

9. The liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on liquid hydrogen cooling source according to claim 8, characterized in that: The hydrogen flow regulating valve is arranged at the hydrogen outlet.

10. The liquid neon evaporative cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on liquid hydrogen cooling source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shapes of the heat exchange device include a fin structure and a tubular structure.

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