A satellite communication system

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a satellite communication system, the satellite communication system comprises: a dual-polarized antenna layer, the dual-polarized antenna layer comprises MxN dual-polarized antenna units;Electrically adjustable dual-polarized tracking layer, the electrically adjustable dual-polarized tracking layer comprises MxN electrically adjustable dual-polarized transceiver modules;Amplitude and phase modulation beam scanning layer, the amplitude and phase modulation beam scanning layer comprises MxN transceiver chips.The application comprises a dual-polarized antenna layer, an electrically adjustable dual-polarized tracking layer and an amplitude and phase modulation beam scanning layer connected in turn, receives and transmits dual-polarized electromagnetic wave signals through the dual-polarized antenna layer, receives and transmits horizontal polarization satellite signals and vertical polarization satellite signals through the electrically adjustable dual-polarized transceiver modules, and adjusts the amplitude and phase of the horizontal polarization satellite signals and the vertical polarization satellite signals through the amplitude and phase modulation beam scanning layer, thereby improving the satellite communication efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of satellite communication technology, and in particular to a satellite communication system. Background Technology

[0002] Communication satellites have become the most numerous spacecraft in orbit. Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, being close to Earth and having short paths, overcome the various shortcomings of geostationary orbit satellites. However, because LEO satellite signals cover a small area of ​​the Earth's surface, dozens of satellites are needed to form a constellation and system for global communication. Therefore, the main beam of the ground terminal's satellite antenna needs to constantly track and aim at the satellite overhead. In current technology, it is difficult for ground terminals to perform position and polarization tracking of satellites in space. Furthermore, current electrically tunable polarization technology can only synthesize and track single polarization waves of orthogonal satellite signals, leading to low satellite communication efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a satellite communication system to address the problem of low efficiency in existing satellite communication technologies.

[0004] To solve the above problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0005] This application provides a satellite communication system, the satellite communication system comprising:

[0006] A dual-polarized antenna layer, comprising M×N dual-polarized antenna elements, wherein the M×N dual-polarized antenna elements are used to receive and transmit dual-polarized electromagnetic wave signals, wherein M and N are positive integers;

[0007] An electrically tunable dual-polarization tracking layer is provided, comprising M×N electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver modules. Each of the M×N electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver modules corresponds to and is communicatively connected to one of the M×N dual-polarization antenna elements. The electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver modules are used to receive and transmit horizontally polarized satellite signals, and to receive and transmit vertically polarized satellite signals.

[0008] An amplitude-modulated and phase-modulated beam scanning layer is provided, comprising M×N transceiver chips. Each of the M×N transceiver chips corresponds to and is communicatively connected to an M×N electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver module. The transceiver chips are used to adjust the amplitude and phase of the horizontally polarized satellite signal and the vertically polarized satellite signal.

[0009] Optionally, each of the dual-polarized antenna elements includes a horizontal polarization port and a vertical polarization port, and each of the electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver modules includes a horizontal polarization transceiver port, a vertical polarization transceiver port, and a microprocessor;

[0010] In any set of communication connections between the dual-polarized antenna unit and the electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver module, the horizontal polarization port is connected to the corresponding horizontal polarization transceiver port, the vertical polarization port is connected to the vertical polarization transceiver port, and the microprocessor is used to control the reception and transmission of the horizontal polarization satellite signal, as well as to control the reception and transmission of the vertical polarization satellite signal.

[0011] The electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver module includes a receiving circuit and a transmitting circuit;

[0012] In any set of communication connections, the dual-polarized antenna unit and the electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver module are as follows:

[0013] The horizontal polarization port and the vertical polarization port are connected to the horizontal polarization transceiver port and the vertical polarization transceiver port through the receiving circuit, and the receiving circuit is used to receive the horizontal polarization satellite signal and the vertical polarization satellite signal;

[0014] The horizontally polarized transceiver port and the vertically polarized transceiver port are connected to the horizontally polarized port and the vertically polarized port through the transmitting circuit, and the transmitting circuit is used to transmit the horizontally polarized satellite signal and the vertically polarized satellite signal.

[0015] Optionally, the receiving circuit includes: a first radio frequency low noise amplifier, a first radio frequency bandpass filter, a first radio frequency power divider, a first downconverter, a first digitally controlled attenuator, a first intermediate frequency combiner, a first intermediate frequency amplifier, a first intermediate frequency bandpass filter, a second radio frequency low noise amplifier, a third radio frequency bandpass filter, a second radio frequency power divider, a second downconverter, and a second digitally controlled attenuator.

[0016] The horizontally polarized port is sequentially connected to the corresponding horizontally polarized transceiver port via the first RF low-noise amplifier, the first RF bandpass filter, the first RF power divider, the first downconverter, the first digitally controlled attenuator, the first intermediate frequency combiner, the first intermediate frequency amplifier, and the first intermediate frequency bandpass filter. The first digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor.

[0017] The vertical polarization port is sequentially connected to the corresponding horizontal polarization transceiver port via the second RF low noise amplifier, the third RF bandpass filter, the second RF power divider, the second downconverter, the second digitally controlled attenuator, the first IF combiner, the first IF amplifier, and the first IF bandpass filter. The second digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor.

[0018] Optionally, the receiving circuit further includes a first frequency synthesizer, a first equal-amplitude and in-phase power divider, a first phase shifter, a second phase shifter, and a first digital-to-analog converter;

[0019] The first frequency synthesizer is connected to the microprocessor in sequence through the first equal-amplitude and in-phase power divider, the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter connected in parallel, and the first digital-to-analog converter. The first phase shifter is also connected to the first down-converter, and the second phase shifter is also connected to the second down-converter.

[0020] Optionally, the receiving circuit includes: a second radio frequency low noise amplifier, a third radio frequency bandpass filter, a second radio frequency power divider, a third downconverter, a fifth digitally controlled attenuator, a second intermediate frequency combiner, a third intermediate frequency amplifier, a third intermediate frequency bandpass filter, a first radio frequency low noise amplifier, a first radio frequency bandpass filter, a first radio frequency power divider, a fourth downconverter, and a sixth digitally controlled attenuator.

[0021] The vertical polarization port is sequentially connected to the corresponding vertical polarization transceiver port via the second RF low noise amplifier, the third RF bandpass filter, the second RF power divider, the third downconverter, the fifth digitally controlled attenuator, the second intermediate frequency combiner, the third intermediate frequency amplifier, and the third intermediate frequency bandpass filter. The fifth digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor.

[0022] The horizontally polarized port is sequentially connected to the corresponding vertically polarized transceiver port via the first RF low-noise amplifier, the first RF bandpass filter, the first RF power divider, the fourth downconverter, the sixth digitally controlled attenuator, the second intermediate frequency combiner, the third intermediate frequency amplifier, and the third intermediate frequency bandpass filter. The sixth digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor.

[0023] Optionally, the receiving circuit further includes a third frequency synthesizer, a third equal-amplitude and in-phase power divider, a fifth phase shifter, a sixth phase shifter, and a third digital-to-analog converter;

[0024] The third frequency synthesizer is connected to the microprocessor in sequence through the third equal-amplitude in-phase power divider, the fifth and sixth phase shifters connected in parallel, and the third digital-to-analog converter. The fifth phase shifter is also connected to the third down-converter, and the sixth phase shifter is also connected to the fourth down-converter.

[0025] Optionally, the transmitting circuit includes: a second intermediate frequency amplifier, a second intermediate frequency bandpass filter, a first intermediate frequency power divider, a third digitally controlled attenuator, a first upconverter, a first radio frequency combiner, a first radio frequency amplifier, a second radio frequency bandpass filter, a fourth intermediate frequency amplifier, a fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter, a second intermediate frequency power divider, an eighth digitally controlled attenuator, and a fourth upconverter.

[0026] The horizontally polarized transceiver port is connected to the corresponding horizontally polarized port in sequence through the second intermediate frequency amplifier, the second intermediate frequency bandpass filter, the first intermediate frequency power divider, the third digitally controlled attenuator, the first upconverter, the first radio frequency combiner, the first radio frequency amplifier, and the second radio frequency bandpass filter. The third digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor.

[0027] The vertically polarized transceiver port is connected to the corresponding horizontally polarized port in sequence through the fourth intermediate frequency amplifier, the fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter, the second intermediate frequency power divider, the eighth digitally controlled attenuator, the fourth upconverter, the first radio frequency combiner, the first radio frequency amplifier, and the second radio frequency bandpass filter. The eighth digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor.

[0028] Optionally, the transmitting circuit further includes: a second frequency synthesizer, a second equal-amplitude and in-phase power divider, a third phase shifter, a fourth phase shifter, and a second digital-to-analog converter;

[0029] The second frequency synthesizer is connected to the microprocessor in sequence through the second equal-amplitude in-phase power divider, the third phase shifter and the fourth phase shifter connected in parallel, and the second digital-to-analog converter. The third phase shifter is also connected to the first up-converter.

[0030] Optionally, the transmitting circuit includes: a fourth intermediate frequency amplifier, a fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter, a second intermediate frequency power divider, a seventh digitally controlled attenuator, a third upconverter, a second radio frequency combiner, a second radio frequency amplifier, a fourth radio frequency bandpass filter, a second intermediate frequency amplifier, a second intermediate frequency bandpass filter, a first intermediate frequency power divider, a fourth digitally controlled attenuator, and a second upconverter;

[0031] The vertical polarization transceiver port is connected to the corresponding vertical polarization port in sequence through the fourth intermediate frequency amplifier, the fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter, the second intermediate frequency power divider, the seventh digitally controlled attenuator, the third upconverter, the second radio frequency combiner, the second radio frequency amplifier, and the fourth radio frequency bandpass filter. The seventh digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor.

[0032] The horizontally polarized transceiver port is sequentially connected to the corresponding vertically polarized port via the second intermediate frequency amplifier, the second intermediate frequency bandpass filter, the first intermediate frequency power divider, the fourth digitally controlled attenuator, the second upconverter, the second radio frequency combiner, the second radio frequency amplifier, and the fourth radio frequency bandpass filter. The fourth digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor.

[0033] Optionally, the transmitting circuit further includes: a fourth frequency synthesizer, a fourth equal-amplitude and in-phase power divider, a seventh phase shifter, an eighth phase shifter, and a fourth digital-to-analog converter;

[0034] The fourth frequency synthesizer is connected to the microprocessor in sequence through the fourth equal-amplitude in-phase power divider, the seventh phase shifter and the eighth phase shifter connected in parallel, and the fourth digital-to-analog converter. The seventh phase shifter is also connected to the third up-converter.

[0035] This application provides a satellite communication system comprising: a dual-polarized antenna layer, the dual-polarized antenna layer including M×N dual-polarized antenna elements, the M×N dual-polarized antenna elements being used to receive and transmit dual-polarized electromagnetic wave signals, where M and N are positive integers; an electrically tunable dual-polarized tracking layer, the electrically tunable dual-polarized tracking layer including M×N electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver modules, the M×N electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver modules corresponding one-to-one with the M×N dual-polarized antenna elements and being communicatively connected, the electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver modules being used to receive and transmit horizontally polarized satellite signals, and for receiving and transmitting vertically polarized satellite signals; and an amplitude-modulated and phase-modulated beam scanning layer, the amplitude-modulated and phase-modulated beam scanning layer including M×N transceiver chips, the M×N transceiver chips corresponding one-to-one with the M×N electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver modules and being communicatively connected, the transceiver chips being used to adjust the amplitude and phase of the horizontally polarized satellite signals and the vertically polarized satellite signals. This application includes a dual-polarized antenna layer, an electrically tunable dual-polarized tracking layer, and an amplitude-modulated and phase-modulated beam scanning layer connected in sequence. The dual-polarized antenna layer receives and transmits dual-polarized electromagnetic wave signals, and the electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver module receives and transmits horizontally polarized satellite signals and vertically-horizontally polarized satellite signals. The amplitude-modulated and phase-modulated beam scanning layer adjusts the amplitude and phase of the horizontally polarized satellite signals and the vertically polarized satellite signals, thereby improving satellite communication efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a module connection diagram of the satellite communication system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the satellite communication system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver module provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the orthogonal electric field components of the aperture of a dual-polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0042] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. Additionally, the use of "and / or" in this application indicates at least one of the connected objects, such as A and / or B and / or C, representing seven possibilities: including A alone, B alone, C alone, and the presence of both A and B, both B and C, both A and C, and the presence of A, B, and C.

[0043] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a module connection diagram of the satellite communication system provided in the embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 1 The satellite communication system 100 shown may include:

[0044] A dual-polarized antenna layer 110 is provided, comprising M×N dual-polarized antenna elements, wherein the M×N dual-polarized antenna elements are used to receive and transmit dual-polarized electromagnetic wave signals, and M and N are positive integers.

[0045] Electrically tunable dual-polarization tracking layer 120 includes M×N electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver modules. Each of the M×N electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver modules corresponds to and is communicatively connected to one of the M×N dual-polarization antenna elements. The electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver modules are used to receive and transmit horizontally polarized satellite signals, and to receive and transmit vertically polarized satellite signals.

[0046] The amplitude-modulated and phase-modulated beam scanning layer 130 includes M×N transceiver chips, each of which corresponds to and is communicatively connected to one of the M×N electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver modules. The transceiver chips are used to adjust the amplitude and phase of the horizontally polarized satellite signal and the vertically polarized satellite signal.

[0047] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the satellite communication system of this application. The dual-polarized antenna layer 110 includes M×N dual-polarized antenna elements, capable of receiving or transmitting dual-polarized electromagnetic wave signals. It should be noted that the dual-polarized antenna elements can be patch antennas, dipole antennas, magnetoelectric dipole antennas, waveguide horn antennas, etc., and are not specifically limited in this embodiment. Furthermore, M and N are positive integers, and M and N can be the same, subject to adaptive adjustments based on actual conditions.

[0048] The electrically tunable dual-polarization tracking layer 120 includes M×N electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver modules, each connected to a dual-polarization antenna element. Generally, each electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver module includes a horizontal polarization transceiver link and a vertical polarization transceiver link. For example, the two polarization transceiver links mainly include a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a bandpass filter (BPF), a 1-to-2 equal-amplitude in-phase power divider (combiner), a frequency filter synthesizer, a phase shifter, a mixer, an attenuator, and a power amplifier. The entire communication system also includes a microcontroller unit (MCU) for computation and control.

[0049] The amplitude-modulated and phase-modulated beam scanning layer 130 includes M×N transceiver (T / R) chips. Each chip is connected to an electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver module and can adjust the amplitude and phase according to the beam control algorithm, thereby controlling the beam scanning direction of the antenna array.

[0050] This application includes a dual-polarized antenna layer, an electrically tunable dual-polarized tracking layer, and an amplitude-modulated and phase-modulated beam scanning layer connected in sequence. The dual-polarized antenna layer receives and transmits dual-polarized electromagnetic wave signals, and the electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver module receives and transmits horizontally polarized satellite signals and vertically-horizontally polarized satellite signals. The amplitude-modulated and phase-modulated beam scanning layer adjusts the amplitude and phase of the horizontally polarized satellite signals and the vertically polarized satellite signals, thereby improving satellite communication efficiency.

[0051] In some feasible implementations, optionally, each of the dual-polarized antenna elements includes a horizontal polarization port and a vertical polarization port, and each of the electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver modules includes a horizontal polarization transceiver port, a vertical polarization transceiver port, and a microprocessor.

[0052] In any set of communication connections between the dual-polarized antenna unit and the electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver module, the horizontal polarization port is connected to the corresponding horizontal polarization transceiver port, the vertical polarization port is connected to the vertical polarization transceiver port, and the microprocessor is used to control the reception and transmission of the horizontal polarization satellite signal, as well as to control the reception and transmission of the vertical polarization satellite signal.

[0053] The electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver module includes a receiving circuit and a transmitting circuit;

[0054] In any set of communication connections, the dual-polarized antenna unit and the electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver module are as follows:

[0055] The horizontal polarization port and the vertical polarization port are connected to the horizontal polarization transceiver port and the vertical polarization transceiver port through the receiving circuit, and the receiving circuit is used to receive the horizontal polarization satellite signal and the vertical polarization satellite signal;

[0056] The horizontally polarized transceiver port and the vertically polarized transceiver port are connected to the horizontally polarized port and the vertically polarized port through the transmitting circuit, and the transmitting circuit is used to transmit the horizontally polarized satellite signal and the vertically polarized satellite signal.

[0057] In this embodiment, each dual-polarized antenna unit is provided with a horizontal polarization port and a vertical polarization port, and the corresponding electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver module is provided with a horizontal polarization transceiver port and a vertical polarization transceiver port.

[0058] In a set of corresponding dual-polarized antenna elements and electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver modules, the horizontal polarization port is connected to the corresponding horizontal polarization transceiver port, and the vertical polarization port is connected to the vertical polarization transceiver port.

[0059] It should be noted that, in this application, "corresponding" refers to a set of dual-polarized antenna elements and electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver modules that are interconnected.

[0060] In this embodiment, in any set of communication connections, the dual-polarized antenna unit and the electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver module are equipped with four different communication links. Specifically, the horizontal polarization port is connected to the corresponding horizontal polarization transceiver port and the vertical polarization transceiver port through a receiving circuit, which is used to transmit horizontally polarized satellite signals. The horizontal polarization port and the vertical polarization port are connected to the corresponding horizontal polarization port through a transmitting circuit, which is used to transmit horizontally polarized satellite signals. The vertical polarization port is connected to the corresponding horizontal polarization transceiver port and the vertical polarization transceiver port through a receiving circuit, which is used to receive vertically polarized satellite signals. The vertical polarization port and the horizontal polarization port are connected to the corresponding vertical polarization port through a transmitting circuit, which is used to transmit vertically polarized satellite signals.

[0061] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3The diagram below illustrates the structure of the electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver module in this embodiment. The components are as follows: 1. Antenna unit horizontal polarization port; 2. First RF low-noise amplifier; 3. First RF bandpass filter; 4. First RF power divider; 5. First downconverter; 6. First digitally controlled attenuator; 7. First intermediate frequency combiner; 8. First intermediate frequency amplifier; 9. First intermediate frequency bandpass filter; 10. Horizontally polarized transceiver port; 11. First frequency synthesizer; 12. First equal-amplitude and in-phase power divider; 13. First phase shifter; 14. Second phase shifter; 15. First... 16. Second down-converter; 17. Second digitally controlled attenuator; 18. Second intermediate frequency amplifier; 19. Second intermediate frequency bandpass filter; 20. First intermediate frequency power divider; 21. Third digitally controlled attenuator; 22. First up-converter; 23. First radio frequency combiner; 24. First radio frequency amplifier; 25. Second radio frequency bandpass filter; 26. Second frequency synthesizer; 27. Second equal amplitude and in-phase power divider; 28. Third phase shifter; 29. ​​Fourth phase shifter; 30. Second up-converter; 31. Second digital-to-analog converter; 32. Fourth digital-to-analog converter; 33. Microprocessor (MCU); 34. Antenna unit vertical polarization port; 35. Second RF low noise amplifier; 36. Third RF bandpass filter; 37. Second RF power divider; 38. Third downconverter; 39. Fifth digitally controlled attenuator; 40. Second intermediate frequency combiner; 41. Third intermediate frequency amplifier; 42. Third intermediate frequency bandpass filter; 43. Vertical polarization transceiver port; 44. Third frequency synthesizer; 45. Third equal amplitude and in-phase power divider; 46. Fifth phase shifter; 47. Sixth phase shifter; 48. Fourth downconverter; 49. Sixth digitally controlled attenuator; 50. Third digital-to-analog converter; 51. Fourth intermediate frequency amplifier; 52. Fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter; 53. Second intermediate frequency power divider; 54. Seventh digitally controlled attenuator; 55. Third up-converter; 56. Second RF combiner; 57. Second RF amplifier; 58. Fourth RF bandpass filter; 59. Fourth frequency synthesizer; 60. Fourth equal amplitude and in-phase power divider; 61. Seventh phase shifter; 62. Eighth phase shifter; 63. Fourth up-converter; 64. Fourth digital-to-analog converter; 65. Eighth digitally controlled attenuator.

[0062] Optionally, the receiving circuit includes: a first radio frequency low noise amplifier 2, a first radio frequency bandpass filter 3, a first radio frequency power divider 4, a first downconverter 5, a first digitally controlled attenuator 6, a first intermediate frequency combiner 7, a first intermediate frequency amplifier 8, a first intermediate frequency bandpass filter 9, a second radio frequency low noise amplifier 35, a third radio frequency bandpass filter 36, a second radio frequency power divider 37, a second downconverter 16, and a second digitally controlled attenuator 17;

[0063] The horizontally polarized port 1 is connected to the corresponding horizontally polarized transceiver port 10 in sequence through the first RF low noise amplifier 2, the first RF bandpass filter 3, the first RF power divider 4, the first downconverter 5, the first digitally controlled attenuator 6, the first intermediate frequency combiner 7, the first intermediate frequency amplifier 8, and the first intermediate frequency bandpass filter 9. The first digitally controlled attenuator 6 is also connected to the microprocessor 33.

[0064] The vertical polarization port 34 is connected in sequence to the corresponding horizontal polarization transceiver port 10 through the second RF low noise amplifier 35, the third RF bandpass filter 36, the second RF power divider 37, the second downconverter 16, the second digitally controlled attenuator 17, the first intermediate frequency combiner 7, the first intermediate frequency amplifier 8, and the first intermediate frequency bandpass filter 9. The second digitally controlled attenuator 17 is also connected to the microprocessor.

[0065] In this embodiment, the receiving circuit is used to transmit the horizontally polarized satellite signal. Specifically, the horizontal polarization port 1 of the dual-polarized antenna unit is sequentially connected to the first RF low-noise amplifier 2 and the first RF bandpass filter 3 to amplify and filter the horizontally polarized wave received by the antenna. Then, the horizontally polarized wave is split into two paths by the first RF power divider 4. One path continues into the receiving circuit and is sequentially connected to the first downconverter 5 and the first digitally controlled attenuator 6 to downconvert the horizontally polarized received signal to an intermediate frequency (IF) and perform gain adjustment before sending it to the first IF combiner 7. The vertical polarization port 34 of the dual-polarized antenna unit is sequentially connected to the second RF low-noise amplifier 35 and the third RF bandpass filter 36 to amplify and filter the vertically polarized wave received by the antenna. Then, the vertically polarized wave is split into two paths by the second RF power divider 37. One path continues into the receiving circuit and is sequentially connected to the third downconverter 38 and the fifth digitally controlled attenuator 39 to downconvert the vertically polarized received signal to an IF and perform gain adjustment before sending it to the second IF combiner 40. The second RF power divider 37 of the vertical polarization receiving channel sends another path of the vertical polarization wave to the second downconverter 16, which then sequentially enters the second digitally controlled attenuator 17. After downconverting the vertical polarization signal to the intermediate frequency (IF), the gain is adjusted, and then the signal is sent to the first IF combiner 7. The first IF combiner 7 combines the horizontal and vertical polarization received signals with equal amplitude and in-phase power, and then sends the combined signal to the first IF amplifier 8 of the horizontal polarization channel for amplification. After passing through the first IF bandpass filter 9, the signal is output to the horizontal polarization transceiver port 10.

[0066] Optionally, the receiving circuit further includes a first frequency synthesizer 11, a first equal-amplitude and in-phase power divider 12, a first phase shifter 13 and a second phase shifter 14, and a first digital-to-analog converter 15;

[0067] The first frequency synthesizer 11 is connected to the microprocessor 33 in sequence through the first equal amplitude and in phase power divider 12, the first phase shifter 13 and the second phase shifter 14 connected in parallel, and the first digital-to-analog converter 15. The first phase shifter 13 is also connected to the first down-converter 5, and the second phase shifter 14 is also connected to the second down-converter 16.

[0068] In this embodiment, the output terminal of the first frequency synthesizer 11 of the receiving circuit is connected to the common port of the first equal-amplitude and in-phase power divider 12, one port of the first equal-amplitude and in-phase power divider 12 is connected to the input terminal of the first phase shifter 13, and the output terminal of the first phase shifter 13 is connected to the local oscillator input terminal of the first down-converter 5; the two ports of the first equal-amplitude and in-phase power divider 12 are connected to the input terminal of the second phase shifter 14, and the output terminal of the second phase shifter 14 is connected to the local oscillator input terminal of the second down-converter 16.

[0069] By adjusting the first phase shifter 13 and the first numerically controlled attenuator 6, as well as the second phase shifter 14 and the second numerically controlled attenuator 17, the amplitude and phase of the horizontally polarized wave and the vertically polarized wave can be adjusted respectively (the polarization angle can be adjusted arbitrarily within the range of 0 to 180 degrees). After adding them together, the horizontal polarization signal of the satellite can be restored.

[0070] Optionally, the receiving circuit includes: a second RF low-noise amplifier 35, a third RF bandpass filter 36, a second RF power divider 37, a third downconverter 38, a fifth digitally controlled attenuator 39, a second intermediate frequency combiner 40, a third intermediate frequency amplifier 41, a third intermediate frequency bandpass filter 42, a first RF low-noise amplifier 2, a first RF bandpass filter 3, a first RF power divider 4, a fourth downconverter 48, and a sixth digitally controlled attenuator 49;

[0071] The vertical polarization port 34 is connected to the corresponding vertical polarization transceiver port 43 in sequence through the second RF low noise amplifier 35, the third RF bandpass filter 34, the second RF power divider 37, the third downconverter 38, the fifth digitally controlled attenuator 39, the second intermediate frequency combiner 40, the third intermediate frequency amplifier 41, and the third intermediate frequency bandpass filter 42. The fifth digitally controlled attenuator 39 is also connected to the microprocessor 33.

[0072] The horizontally polarized port is connected in sequence to the corresponding vertically polarized transceiver port 43 via the first RF low-noise amplifier 2, the first RF bandpass filter 3, the first RF power divider 4, the fourth downconverter 48, the sixth digitally controlled attenuator 49, the second intermediate frequency combiner 40, the third intermediate frequency amplifier 41, and the third intermediate frequency bandpass filter 42. The sixth digitally controlled attenuator 49 is also connected to the microprocessor 33.

[0073] In this embodiment, the receiving circuit is used to transmit the vertically polarized satellite signal. Specifically, the vertical polarization port 34 of the dual-polarized antenna unit is sequentially connected to the second RF low-noise amplifier 35 and the third RF bandpass filter 36 to amplify and filter the vertically polarized wave received by the antenna. Then, the vertically polarized wave is split into two paths by the second RF power divider 37. One path continues into the receiving circuit and is sequentially connected to the third downconverter 38 and the fifth digitally controlled attenuator 39 to downconvert the vertically polarized received signal to an intermediate frequency (IF) and perform gain adjustment before sending it to the second IF combiner 40. The horizontal polarization port 1 of the dual-polarized antenna unit is sequentially connected to the first RF low-noise amplifier 2 and the first RF bandpass filter 3 to amplify and filter the horizontally polarized wave received by the antenna. Then, the horizontally polarized wave is split into two paths by the first RF power divider 4. One path continues into the receiving circuit and is sequentially connected to the first downconverter 5 and the first digitally controlled attenuator 6 to downconvert the horizontally polarized received signal to an IF and perform gain adjustment before sending it to the first IF combiner 7. The first RF power divider 4 of the horizontally polarized receiving channel sends another path of the horizontally polarized wave to the fourth downconverter 48, and then sequentially to the sixth digitally controlled attenuator 49. After downconverting the horizontally polarized signal to the intermediate frequency (IF), the gain is adjusted, and then the signal is sent to the second IF combiner 40. The second IF combiner 40 combines the horizontally polarized and vertically polarized received signals with equal amplitude and in-phase power, and then sends them to the third IF amplifier 41 of the vertically polarized channel for amplification. After passing through the third IF bandpass filter 42, the signal is output to the vertically polarized transceiver port 43.

[0074] Optionally, the receiving circuit further includes a third frequency synthesizer 44, a third equal-amplitude and in-phase power divider 45, a fifth phase shifter 46 and a sixth phase shifter 47, and a third digital-to-analog converter 50;

[0075] The third frequency synthesizer 44 is connected to the microprocessor 33 in sequence through the third equal amplitude and in phase power divider 45, the fifth phase shifter 46 and the sixth phase shifter 47 connected in parallel, and the third digital-to-analog converter 50. The fifth phase shifter 46 is also connected to the third down-converter 38, and the sixth phase shifter 47 is also connected to the fourth down-converter 48.

[0076] In this embodiment, the output terminal of the third frequency synthesizer 44 of the receiving circuit is connected to the common port of the third equal amplitude and in-phase power divider 45, one port of the third equal amplitude and in-phase power divider 45 is connected to the input terminal of the fifth phase shifter 46, and the output terminal of the fifth phase shifter 46 is connected to the local oscillator input terminal of the third down-converter 38; the two ports of the third equal amplitude and in-phase power divider 45 are connected to the input terminal of the sixth phase shifter 47, and the output terminal of the sixth phase shifter 47 is connected to the local oscillator input terminal of the fourth down-converter 48.

[0077] By adjusting the fifth phase shifter 46 and the fifth digitally controlled attenuator 39, as well as the sixth phase shifter 47 and the sixth digitally controlled attenuator 49, the amplitude and phase of the horizontally polarized wave and the vertically polarized wave can be adjusted (the polarization angle can be adjusted arbitrarily within the range of 0 to 180 degrees). After adding them together, the vertical polarization signal of the satellite can be restored.

[0078] Therefore, through the aforementioned receiving circuit and receiving circuit, the end user can simultaneously receive the spectrum of two service carrier signals with horizontal and vertical polarization at the intermediate frequency, and the signal quality is good.

[0079] The phase signal output terminal of the microprocessor 33 is connected to the digital signal input terminals of the first digital-to-analog converter 15 and the third digital-to-analog converter 50, respectively. The control voltage output terminal of the first digital-to-analog converter 15 is connected to the control terminals of the first phase shifter 13 and the second phase shifter 14. The control voltage output terminal of the third digital-to-analog converter 50 is connected to the control terminals of the third phase shifter 46 and the fourth phase shifter 47, respectively. The amplitude signal output terminals of the microprocessor 33 are connected to the control terminals of the digitally controlled attenuators 6, 17, 39, and 49, respectively.

[0080] Optionally, the transmitting circuit includes: a second intermediate frequency amplifier 18, a second intermediate frequency bandpass filter 19, a first intermediate frequency power divider 20, a third digitally controlled attenuator 21, a first upconverter 22, a first radio frequency combiner 23, a first radio frequency amplifier 24, a second radio frequency bandpass filter 25, a fourth intermediate frequency amplifier 51, a fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter 52, a second intermediate frequency power divider 53, an eighth digitally controlled attenuator 65, and a fourth upconverter 63;

[0081] The horizontally polarized transceiver port 10 is connected to the corresponding horizontally polarized port 1 in sequence through the second intermediate frequency amplifier 18, the second intermediate frequency bandpass filter 19, the first intermediate frequency power divider 20, the third digitally controlled attenuator 21, the first upconverter 22, the first radio frequency combiner 23, the first radio frequency amplifier 24, and the second radio frequency bandpass filter 25. The third digitally controlled attenuator 21 is also connected to the microprocessor 33.

[0082] The vertical polarization transceiver port 43 is connected to the corresponding horizontal polarization port 1 in sequence through the fourth intermediate frequency amplifier 51, the fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter 52, the second intermediate frequency power divider 53, the eighth digitally controlled attenuator 65, the fourth upconverter 63, the first radio frequency combiner 23, the first radio frequency amplifier 24, and the second radio frequency bandpass filter 25. The eighth digitally controlled attenuator 65 is also connected to the microprocessor 33.

[0083] In this embodiment, the transmitting circuit is used to transmit horizontally polarized satellite signals. Specifically, the horizontally polarized transceiver port 10 is connected in sequence to the second intermediate frequency amplifier 18 and the second intermediate frequency bandpass filter 19 to amplify and filter the horizontally polarized wave. Then, the transmitted horizontally polarized wave is split into two paths by the first intermediate frequency power divider 20. One path continues into the transmitting circuit and is connected in sequence to the third digitally controlled attenuator 21 and the first upconverter 22 to upconvert the horizontally polarized transmitted signal to radio frequency after gain adjustment, and then sent to the first radio frequency combiner 23.

[0084] The vertical polarization transceiver port 43 is sequentially connected to the fourth intermediate frequency amplifier 51 and the fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter 52 for amplification and filtering of the vertical polarization wave. Then, the vertical polarization wave is split into two paths by the second intermediate frequency power divider 53. One path continues into the transmitting circuit, sequentially connected to the seventh digitally controlled attenuator 54 and the third upconverter 55, where the vertical polarization transmitted signal is upconverted to radio frequency (RF) after gain adjustment, and then sent to the second RF combiner 56. The second intermediate frequency power divider 53 sends the other path of the vertical polarization wave to the eighth digitally controlled attenuator 65, and then sequentially to the fourth upconverter 63, where the vertical polarization signal is upconverted to RF after gain adjustment, and then sent to the first RF combiner 23. The first RF combiner 23 combines the horizontally polarized and vertically polarized transmitted signals with equal amplitude and in-phase power, and sends it to the first RF amplifier 24 of the horizontally polarized channel for amplification. After passing through the second RF bandpass filter 25, it is output to the horizontal polarization port 1 of the dual-polarized antenna unit.

[0085] Optionally, the transmitting circuit further includes: a second frequency synthesizer 26, a second equal-amplitude and in-phase power divider 27, a third phase shifter 28, a fourth phase shifter 29, and a second digital-to-analog converter 31;

[0086] The second frequency synthesizer 26 is connected to the microprocessor 33 in sequence through the second equal amplitude and in phase power divider 27, the third phase shifter 28 and the fourth phase shifter 29 connected in parallel, and the second digital-to-analog converter 31. The third phase shifter 28 is also connected to the first up-converter 22.

[0087] In this embodiment, the output of the second frequency synthesizer 26 of the horizontally polarized transmission channel is connected to the common port of the second equal-amplitude in-phase power divider 27, one port of the second equal-amplitude in-phase power divider 27 is connected to the input of the third phase shifter 28, and the output of the third phase shifter 28 is connected to the local oscillator input of the first up-converter 22; two ports of the second equal-amplitude in-phase power divider 27 are connected to the input of the fourth phase shifter 29, and the output of the fourth phase shifter 29 is connected to the local oscillator input of the second up-converter 30.

[0088] Optionally, the transmitting circuit includes: a fourth intermediate frequency amplifier 51, a fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter 52, a second intermediate frequency power divider 53, a seventh digitally controlled attenuator 54, a third upconverter 55, a second radio frequency combiner 56, a second radio frequency amplifier 57, a fourth radio frequency bandpass filter 58, a second intermediate frequency amplifier 18, a second intermediate frequency bandpass filter 19, a first intermediate frequency power divider 20, a fourth digitally controlled attenuator 32, and a second upconverter 30;

[0089] The vertical polarization transceiver port 43 is connected to the corresponding vertical polarization port 34 in sequence through the fourth intermediate frequency amplifier 51, the fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter 52, the second intermediate frequency power divider 53, the seventh digitally controlled attenuator 54, the third upconverter 55, the second radio frequency combiner 56, the second radio frequency amplifier 57, and the fourth radio frequency bandpass filter 58. The seventh digitally controlled attenuator 54 is also connected to the microprocessor 33.

[0090] The horizontally polarized transceiver port 101 is connected to the corresponding vertically polarized port 43 in sequence through the second intermediate frequency amplifier 18, the second intermediate frequency bandpass filter 19, the first intermediate frequency power divider 20, the fourth digitally controlled attenuator 32, the second upconverter 30, the second radio frequency combiner 56, the second radio frequency amplifier 57, and the fourth radio frequency bandpass filter 58. The fourth digitally controlled attenuator 32 is also connected to the microprocessor 33.

[0091] In this embodiment, the transmitting circuit is used to transmit vertically polarized satellite signals. Specifically, the vertically polarized transmitting port 43 is sequentially connected to the fourth intermediate frequency amplifier 51 and the fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter 52 to amplify and filter the vertically polarized wave. Then, the transmitted vertically polarized wave is split into two paths by the second intermediate frequency power divider 53. One path continues into the vertically polarized transmitting link, which is sequentially connected to the seventh digitally controlled attenuator 54 and the third upconverter 55 to upconvert the vertically polarized transmitted signal to radio frequency after gain adjustment, and then sends it to the second radio frequency combiner 56.

[0092] In the electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver module of the present invention, the horizontally polarized transmit port 10 is sequentially connected to the second intermediate frequency amplifier 18 and the second intermediate frequency bandpass filter 19 for amplification and filtering of the horizontally polarized wave. Then, the transmitted horizontally polarized wave is split into two paths by the first intermediate frequency power divider 20. One path continues into the horizontally polarized transmit link, sequentially connected to the third digitally controlled attenuator 21 and the first upconverter 22, where the gain of the horizontally polarized transmit signal is adjusted and upconverted to radio frequency (RF), then sent to the first RF combiner 23. The first intermediate frequency power divider 20 sends the other path of the horizontally polarized wave to the fourth digitally controlled attenuator 32, and then sequentially to the second upconverter 30, where the gain of the horizontally polarized signal is adjusted and upconverted to RF, then sent to the second RF combiner 56. The second RF combiner 56 combines the horizontally polarized and vertically polarized transmit signals into equal amplitude and phase power, and then sends them to the second RF amplifier 57 of the vertically polarized channel for amplification. After passing through the fourth RF bandpass filter 58, the signal is output to the vertical polarization port 34 of the dual-polarized antenna unit.

[0093] Optionally, the transmitting circuit further includes: a fourth frequency synthesizer 59, a fourth equal-amplitude and in-phase power divider 60, a seventh phase shifter 61, an eighth phase shifter 62, and a fourth digital-to-analog converter 64;

[0094] The fourth frequency synthesizer 59 is connected to the microprocessor 33 in sequence through the fourth equal amplitude and in phase power divider 60, the seventh phase shifter 61 and the eighth phase shifter 62 connected in parallel, and the fourth digital-to-analog converter 64. The seventh phase shifter 61 is also connected to the third up-converter 55.

[0095] In this embodiment, the output of the fourth frequency synthesizer 59 of the vertical polarization receiving channel is connected to the common port of the fourth equal-amplitude in-phase power divider 60, one port of the fourth equal-amplitude in-phase power divider 60 is connected to the input of the seventh phase shifter 61, and the output of the seventh phase shifter 61 is connected to the local oscillator input of the third up-converter 55; the two ports of the fourth equal-amplitude in-phase power divider 60 are connected to the input of the eighth phase shifter 62, and the output of the eighth phase shifter 62 is connected to the local oscillator input of the fourth up-converter 63.

[0096] By adjusting the third numerically controlled attenuator 21 and the third phase shifter 28 of the horizontally polarized signal transmission link, and the eighth numerically controlled attenuator 65 and the eighth phase shifter 62 of the vertically polarized signal transmission link, the amplitude and phase of the horizontally polarized wave and the vertically polarized wave can be adjusted, thereby obtaining a horizontally polarized transmission signal. By adjusting the seventh numerically controlled attenuator 54 and the seventh phase shifter 61 of the vertically polarized signal transmission link, and the fourth numerically controlled attenuator 32 and the fourth phase shifter 29 of the horizontally polarized signal transmission link, the amplitude and phase of the horizontally polarized wave and the vertically polarized wave can be adjusted, thereby obtaining a vertically polarized transmission signal.

[0097] End users can simultaneously transmit two service carrier signal spectrums, one horizontally polarized and one vertically polarized, thereby increasing communication capacity.

[0098] The phase signal output terminal of microprocessor 33 is connected to the digital signal input terminals of horizontally polarized transmit channel digital-to-analog converter 31 and vertically polarized receive channel digital-to-analog converter 64. The control voltage output terminal of dual-channel digital-to-analog converter 31 is connected to the control terminals of third phase shifter 28 and fourth phase shifter 29. The control voltage output terminal of vertically polarized receive channel digital-to-analog converter 64 is connected to the control terminals of seventh phase shifter 61 and eighth phase shifter 62. The amplitude signal output terminals of microprocessor 33 are respectively connected to the control terminals of digitally controlled attenuators 21, 32, 54, and 65.

[0099] First, the amplitude and phase of the horizontal and vertical polarization transmit and receive links are aligned using automatic calibration. Then, the amplitude control words and phase control words of the horizontal and vertical polarization waves are obtained by looking up a table according to the required polarization angle, and the amplitude and phase of the horizontal and vertical polarization waves of the transmit and receive channels are adjusted respectively.

[0100] The polarization adjustment range is 0 to 180 degrees with an accuracy of 1 degree, and the cross-polarization is better than 30 dB.

[0101] In practice, the number of up-conversion and down-conversion stages, as well as the number of amplifier stages, can be appropriately increased based on component performance and operating frequency band. Depending on the satellite communication system, if a time-division communication system is used, a circulator can be connected to the transceiver ports of the dual-polarized antenna unit and module to achieve isolation between the transceiver channels; if a frequency-division communication system is used, a duplexer can be connected to the transceiver ports of the dual-polarized antenna unit and module.

[0102] This application divides the horizontal and vertical polarization ports of a dual-polarization antenna element into two outputs (inputs) using a power divider (combiner), then uses a phase shifter and attenuator to perform amplitude and phase modulation on each signal, and finally cross-synthesizes them. This allows for the simultaneous output (transmission) of vertically and horizontally polarized satellite signals, and enables simultaneous satellite position tracking and electromagnetic wave polarization tracking, thereby maximizing the carrier-to-noise ratio (C / N) of satellite communication.

[0103] In this application, the principle of dual-polarization electric field modulation is explained, wherein it is assumed that the horizontal (H) polarized electric field component of the electromagnetic wave emitted by a satellite from space to the Earth's surface is E. h The vertical (V) polarized electric field component is E v The electric field component output from the horizontal polarization port of the dual-polarized antenna element is E′. h The output electric field component at the vertically polarized port is E′. v Then they should have the following relationship:

[0104] Horizontal polarization port of the dual-polarized antenna element: E′ h =E h cosθ-E v sinθ (1)

[0105] Vertical polarization port of the dual-polarized antenna element: E′ v =E h sinθ+E v cosθ (2)

[0106] Where θ is the angle between the polarization direction of the ground terminal antenna aperture and the polarization direction of the satellite incoming wave. The orthogonal electric field components of the dual-polarized antenna aperture are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 E′ is the horizontal polarization electric field component at the port of the dual-polarization antenna element. h Vertical polarization electric field component E′ v The horizontal polarization electric field component E of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the satellite at the Earth's surface h Vertical polarization electric field component E v The relationship between them.

[0107] like Figure 4 As shown, the horizontally polarized electric field component actually received by the dual-polarized antenna element is E′. h =E h cosθ-E v sinθ, the actual received vertically polarized electric field component is E′ v =E h sinθ+E v cosθ. In a horizontally polarized signal receiving link, if we combine the two polarization electric field components E′ h E′ v Weighted summation, i.e.

[0108] aE′ h +bE′ v =a(E h cosθ-E v sinθ)+b(E h sinθ+E v cosθ)

[0109] =E h (acosθ+bsinθ)+E v (-asinθ+bcosθ) (3)

[0110] From the above formula, it can be seen that if a = cosθ and b = sinθ, then

[0111] aE′ h +bE′ v =E h (4)

[0112] If a=-sinθ, b=cosθ, then

[0113] aE′ h +bE′ v =E v (4)

[0114] Therefore, by adding appropriate weights to the dual-polarized electric field components actually received by the antenna element and then summing them, we can recover the dual-polarized satellite signal. Similarly, the dual-polarized signal transmission link is the reverse process.

[0115] In this embodiment of the application, for the receiving circuit, the horizontal polarization electric field component actually received by the dual-polarized antenna element is E′. h The horizontally polarized receiving port of the antenna unit is sequentially connected to a horizontally polarized channel low-noise amplifier (LNA), a horizontally polarized channel bandpass filter (BPF), and a horizontally polarized channel 1-to-2 equal-amplitude in-phase power divider. After passing through the power divider, the horizontally polarized electric field component E′ h It is divided into two paths. One path enters the first downconverter and the first digitally controlled attenuator in sequence to realize the gain adjustment of the horizontally polarized signal, and then enters the intermediate frequency combiner of the horizontally polarized channel.

[0116] The actual vertical polarization electric field component received by the dual-polarized antenna element is E′. v The antenna element's vertical polarization port is sequentially connected to a vertical polarization channel low-noise amplifier (LNA), a vertical polarization channel bandpass filter (BPF), and a vertical polarization channel 1-to-2 equal-amplitude in-phase power divider. After passing through the power divider, the vertical polarization electric field component E′... v The signal is divided into two paths. One path enters the second downconverter and the second digitally controlled attenuator in sequence to adjust the gain of the vertically polarized signal, and then enters the intermediate frequency combiner of the horizontally polarized channel.

[0117] In the horizontally polarized receiving channel, the intermediate frequency combiner combines the horizontally polarized and vertically polarized signals with equal amplitude and in-phase power, then sends the combined signals to the horizontally polarized channel intermediate frequency amplifier for amplification and output, thus obtaining the horizontally polarized wave electric field vector E transmitted from the satellite to the ground receiving antenna. h .

[0118] The local oscillator signals for the first and second down-converters are provided by the first frequency synthesizer. The local oscillator signals are power-divided by an equal-amplitude, in-phase power divider. The two reference signals after power division are respectively phase-shifted by the first phase shifter and sent to the first horizontally polarized signal down-converter, and the other is phase-shifted by the second phase shifter and sent to the second down-converter. By adjusting the first phase shifter and the first digitally controlled attenuator, as well as the second phase shifter and the second digitally controlled attenuator, the amplitude and phase of the horizontally polarized and vertically polarized received signals can be adjusted, thereby restoring the horizontally polarized wave electric field vector E transmitted from the satellite to the ground receiving antenna. h .

[0119] For the transmitting circuit, the actual horizontally polarized electric field component emitted by the horizontally polarized transmitting port on the right is E. h The horizontally polarized transmitter port is sequentially connected to an intermediate frequency amplifier, an intermediate frequency bandpass filter, and a 1-to-2 equal-amplitude in-phase power divider. After passing through the power divider, the horizontally polarized electric field component E... h It is divided into two paths. One path enters the third digitally controlled attenuator and the first up-converter in sequence to realize the gain adjustment of the horizontally polarized signal, and then enters the horizontally polarized channel RF combiner.

[0120] The actual vertically polarized electric field component emitted by the vertically polarized emitter port on the right is E. v The vertically polarized transmitter port is sequentially connected to an intermediate frequency amplifier, an intermediate frequency bandpass filter, and a 1-to-2 equal-amplitude in-phase power divider. After passing through the power divider, the vertically polarized electric field component E... v It is divided into two paths. One path enters the fourth digitally controlled attenuator and the second upconverter in sequence to realize the gain adjustment of the vertical polarization signal, and then enters the horizontal polarization channel RF combiner.

[0121] In the horizontally polarized transmission channel, the radio frequency combiner combines the horizontally polarized and vertically polarized transmitted signals into equal-amplitude and in-phase power, then sends the combined signals to the horizontally polarized channel radio frequency amplifier for amplification. Finally, the combined signals are output through a radio frequency bandpass filter to obtain the horizontally polarized wave electric field vector E′ transmitted from the ground to the satellite. h .

[0122] The local oscillator signals for the first and second up-converters are provided by the second frequency synthesizer. The local oscillator signals provided by the second frequency synthesizer are power-divided by an equal-amplitude, in-phase power divider. The two reference signals after power division are phase-shifted by a third phase shifter and sent to the first up-converter, while the other signal is phase-shifted by a fourth phase shifter and sent to the second up-converter. By adjusting the third phase shifter and the third digitally controlled attenuator, as well as the fourth phase shifter and the fourth digitally controlled attenuator, in the horizontal polarization link, the amplitude and phase of the horizontally and vertically polarized transmitted signals can be adjusted, thereby obtaining the electric field vector E′ of the horizontally polarized wave transmitted from the ground to the satellite. hAccording to the reciprocity principle, the horizontally polarized electric field vector ultimately received by the satellite in space is E. h .

[0123] For the receiving circuit, the actual vertically polarized electric field component received by the dual-polarized antenna element is E′. v The vertical polarization receiving port of the antenna element is sequentially connected to an RF low-noise amplifier, an RF bandpass filter, and a 1-to-2 equal-amplitude in-phase power divider. After passing through the power divider, the vertical polarization electric field component E′... v It is divided into two paths. One path enters the third downconverter and the fifth digitally controlled attenuator in sequence to realize the gain adjustment of the vertical polarization signal, and then enters the intermediate frequency combiner of the vertical polarization channel.

[0124] The actual horizontal polarization electric field component received by the dual-polarized antenna element is E′. h The horizontal polarization port of the antenna element is sequentially connected to a low-noise amplifier, an RF bandpass filter, and a 1-to-2 equal-amplitude in-phase power divider. After passing through the power divider, the horizontal polarization electric field component E′... h It is divided into two paths. One path enters the fourth downconverter and the sixth digitally controlled attenuator in sequence to realize the gain adjustment of the horizontal polarization signal, and then enters the intermediate frequency combiner of the vertical polarization channel.

[0125] In the vertically polarized receiving channel, the intermediate frequency combiner combines the horizontally polarized and vertically polarized signals with equal amplitude and in-phase power, then sends the combined signals to the intermediate frequency amplifier for amplification and output, obtaining the vertically polarized wave electric field vector E transmitted from the satellite to the ground receiving antenna. v .

[0126] The local oscillator signals for the third and fourth down-converters are provided by the third frequency synthesizer. The local oscillator signals provided by the third frequency synthesizer are power-divided by an equal-amplitude, in-phase power divider. The two reference signals after power division are phase-shifted by the fifth phase shifter and sent to the third down-converter, while the other is phase-shifted by the sixth phase shifter and sent to the fourth down-converter. By adjusting the fifth phase shifter and the fifth digitally controlled attenuator, as well as the sixth phase shifter and the sixth digitally controlled attenuator, the amplitude and phase of the horizontally and vertically polarized received signals can be adjusted, thereby restoring the vertically polarized wave electric field vector E transmitted from the satellite to the ground receiving antenna. v .

[0127] For the transmitting circuit, the actual vertically polarized electric field component emitted by the vertically polarized transmitting port on the right is E. v The vertically polarized transmitter port is sequentially connected to an intermediate frequency amplifier, an intermediate frequency bandpass filter, and a 1-to-2 equal-amplitude in-phase power divider. After passing through the power divider, the vertically polarized electric field component E... v It is divided into two paths. One path enters the seventh digitally controlled attenuator and the third upconverter in sequence to realize the gain adjustment of the vertical polarization signal, and then enters the vertical polarization channel RF combiner.

[0128] The actual horizontally polarized electric field component emitted by the horizontally polarized emitter port on the right is E. h The horizontally polarized transmitter port is sequentially connected to an intermediate frequency amplifier, an intermediate frequency bandpass filter, and a horizontally polarized channel divider (one-to-two equal amplitude in-phase power divider). After passing through the power divider, the horizontally polarized electric field component E... h It is divided into two paths. One path enters the eighth digitally controlled attenuator and the fourth up-converter in sequence to realize the gain adjustment of the horizontally polarized signal, and then enters the vertically polarized channel RF combiner.

[0129] In the vertically polarized transmission channel, the radio frequency combiner combines the horizontally polarized and vertically polarized transmitted signals into equal-amplitude and in-phase power, then sends the combined signals to the radio frequency amplifier for amplification. Finally, the combined signals are output through the radio frequency bandpass filter to obtain the electric field vector E′ of the horizontally polarized wave transmitted from the ground to the satellite. h .

[0130] The local oscillator signals for the third and fourth up-converters are provided by the fourth frequency synthesizer. The local oscillator signal provided by the fourth frequency synthesizer is power-divided by an equal-amplitude, in-phase power divider. The two reference signals after power division are phase-shifted by the seventh phase shifter and sent to the third horizontally polarized signal up-converter, and the other is phase-shifted by the eighth phase shifter and sent to the fourth up-converter. By adjusting the seventh phase shifter and the seventh digitally controlled attenuator, as well as the eighth phase shifter and the eighth digitally controlled attenuator, the amplitude and phase of the horizontally and vertically polarized transmitted signals can be adjusted, thereby obtaining the electric field vector E′ of the horizontally polarized wave transmitted from the ground to the satellite. v According to the reciprocity principle, the vertically polarized electric field vector ultimately received by the satellite in space is E. v .

[0131] It should be noted that when calibrating the electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver module, the amplitude and phase of the horizontally and vertically polarized signals can be made equal. Then, the polarization angle of the communication satellite's landing signal is obtained by looking up the polarization angle. Next, based on the polarization angle, the microprocessor (MCU) generates amplitude control words and phase control words for the horizontal and vertical polarized waves. The amplitude and phase of the horizontally and vertically polarized waves are then adjusted by a dual-channel digital-to-analog converter. The polarization angle adjustment range of the received electromagnetic wave is 0–180 degrees, and the accuracy is determined by the number of digital bits in the digitally controlled attenuator and phase shifter. Generally, the cross-polarization is required to be better than 30 dB.

[0132] Ground station reproduces the horizontal polarization electric field vector E of satellite radiation h The specific method is as follows:

[0133] First, the polarization angle θ is estimated based on the latitude and longitude of the received satellite and ground station.

[0134] When the horizontal polarization component of the ground station receiving antenna element passes through the horizontal polarization link, it is reduced to the following state by a digitally controlled attenuator and a phase shifter:

[0135] E ha =E' h cosθ=E h cos 2 θ-E v sinθcosθ (3)

[0136] When the vertical polarization component received by the ground station's receiving antenna element passes through a digitally controlled attenuator and a phase shifter, it becomes:

[0137] E hb =E′ v sinθ=E h sin 2 θ+E v sinθcosθ (4)

[0138] Combining these two components through an in-phase intermediate frequency combiner produces the horizontal polarization signal of the satellite.

[0139] E ha +E hb =E h (5)

[0140] Similarly, the electric field vector E of the dual-polarized wave can be obtained. v The specific theoretical steps for reproduction are as follows:

[0141] When the vertical polarization component of the ground station receiving antenna element passes through the vertical polarization link, it becomes the following after being processed by the digitally controlled attenuator and phase shifter:

[0142] E va =E′ v cosθ=E h sinθcosθ+E v cos 2 θ (6)

[0143] The horizontal polarization component, after being divided by the power splitter of the horizontal polarization link from the ground station receiving antenna unit, becomes the following after passing through the digitally controlled attenuator and phase shifter:

[0144] E vb =E' h sin(θ+π)=-E h sinθcosθ+E v sin 2 θ (7)

[0145] These two components are then output through an in-phase two-in-one intermediate frequency combiner, resulting in the following output signal:

[0146] E va +E vb =E v (8)

[0147] (6) Using θ as a variable, let it vary within the range of 0 to 180 degrees, and simultaneously detect the maximum value of the signal receiving power of the two channels, thereby obtaining the actual polarization angle θ value.

[0148] It should be noted that the principle of beam scanning by a phased array antenna can be explained using the Huygens sub-source radiation superposition method. There are four main factors controlling the radiation pattern of a phased array antenna: the radiation pattern of the antenna elements; and the radiation pattern of the antenna elements. This refers to the amplitude and phase data of the electric field intensity as a function of spatial angles (θ, φ). It also includes the spacing between antenna elements, the feed amplitude of the antenna elements, and the feed phase of the antenna elements.

[0149] The radiation pattern and spacing of the antenna elements are determined during the antenna array design and generally remain unchanged. Therefore, beam scanning of a phased array antenna is mainly achieved through amplitude and phase modulation of the antenna elements. The transceiver (T / R) chips in the beam scanning layer correspond to the number of antenna elements, with each T / R chip connected to an electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver module. The system can adjust the overall amplitude and phase of each antenna element according to the beam control algorithm, thereby controlling the beam direction of the antenna array.

[0150] This application includes a dual-polarized antenna layer, an electrically tunable dual-polarized tracking layer, and an amplitude-modulated and phase-modulated beam scanning layer connected in sequence. The dual-polarized antenna layer receives and transmits dual-polarized electromagnetic wave signals, and the electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver module receives and transmits horizontally polarized satellite signals and vertically-horizontally polarized satellite signals. The amplitude-modulated and phase-modulated beam scanning layer adjusts the amplitude and phase of the horizontally polarized satellite signals and the vertically polarized satellite signals, thereby improving satellite communication efficiency.

[0151] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A satellite communication system, characterized in that, The satellite communication system includes: A dual-polarized antenna layer, comprising M×N dual-polarized antenna elements, wherein the M×N dual-polarized antenna elements are used to receive and transmit dual-polarized electromagnetic wave signals, wherein M and N are positive integers; An electrically tunable dual-polarization tracking layer is provided, comprising M×N electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver modules. Each of the M×N electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver modules corresponds to and is communicatively connected to one of the M×N dual-polarization antenna elements. The electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver modules are used to receive and transmit horizontally polarized satellite signals, and to receive and transmit vertically polarized satellite signals. An amplitude-modulated and phase-modulated beam scanning layer is provided, comprising M×N transceiver chips, each of which corresponds to and is communicatively connected to one of the M×N electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver modules. The transceiver chips are used to adjust the amplitude and phase of the horizontally polarized satellite signal and the vertically polarized satellite signal. Each of the dual-polarized antenna elements includes a horizontal polarization port and a vertical polarization port, and each of the electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver modules includes a horizontal polarization transceiver port, a vertical polarization transceiver port, and a microprocessor; In any set of communication connections between the dual-polarized antenna unit and the electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver module, the horizontal polarization port is connected to the corresponding horizontal polarization transceiver port, the vertical polarization port is connected to the vertical polarization transceiver port, and the microprocessor is used to control the reception and transmission of the horizontal polarization satellite signal, as well as to control the reception and transmission of the vertical polarization satellite signal. The electrically tunable dual-polarization transceiver module includes a receiving circuit and a transmitting circuit; In any set of communication connections, the dual-polarized antenna unit and the electrically tunable dual-polarized transceiver module are as follows: The horizontal polarization port and the vertical polarization port are connected to the horizontal polarization transceiver port and the vertical polarization transceiver port through the receiving circuit, and the receiving circuit is used to receive the horizontal polarization satellite signal and the vertical polarization satellite signal; The horizontally polarized transceiver port and the vertically polarized transceiver port are connected to the horizontally polarized port and the vertically polarized port through the transmitting circuit, and the transmitting circuit is used to transmit the horizontally polarized satellite signal and the vertically polarized satellite signal.

2. The satellite communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The receiving circuit includes: a first radio frequency low noise amplifier, a first radio frequency bandpass filter, a first radio frequency power divider, a first downconverter, a first digitally controlled attenuator, a first intermediate frequency combiner, a first intermediate frequency amplifier, a first intermediate frequency bandpass filter, a second radio frequency low noise amplifier, a third radio frequency bandpass filter, a second radio frequency power divider, a second downconverter, and a second digitally controlled attenuator. The horizontally polarized port is sequentially connected to the corresponding horizontally polarized transceiver port via the first RF low-noise amplifier, the first RF bandpass filter, the first RF power divider, the first downconverter, the first digitally controlled attenuator, the first intermediate frequency combiner, the first intermediate frequency amplifier, and the first intermediate frequency bandpass filter. The first digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor. The vertical polarization port is sequentially connected to the corresponding horizontal polarization transceiver port via the second RF low noise amplifier, the third RF bandpass filter, the second RF power divider, the second downconverter, the second digitally controlled attenuator, the first IF combiner, the first IF amplifier, and the first IF bandpass filter. The second digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor.

3. The satellite communication system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The receiving circuit further includes a first frequency synthesizer, a first equal-amplitude in-phase power divider, a first phase shifter, a second phase shifter, and a first digital-to-analog converter; The first frequency synthesizer is connected to the microprocessor in sequence through the first equal-amplitude and in-phase power divider, the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter connected in parallel, and the first digital-to-analog converter. The first phase shifter is also connected to the first down-converter, and the second phase shifter is also connected to the second down-converter.

4. The satellite communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The receiving circuit includes: a second radio frequency low noise amplifier, a third radio frequency bandpass filter, a second radio frequency power divider, a third downconverter, a fifth digitally controlled attenuator, a second intermediate frequency combiner, a third intermediate frequency amplifier, a third intermediate frequency bandpass filter, a first radio frequency low noise amplifier, a first radio frequency bandpass filter, a first radio frequency power divider, a fourth downconverter, and a sixth digitally controlled attenuator. The vertical polarization port is sequentially connected to the corresponding vertical polarization transceiver port via the second RF low noise amplifier, the third RF bandpass filter, the second RF power divider, the third downconverter, the fifth digitally controlled attenuator, the second intermediate frequency combiner, the third intermediate frequency amplifier, and the third intermediate frequency bandpass filter. The fifth digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor. The horizontally polarized port is sequentially connected to the corresponding vertically polarized transceiver port via the first RF low-noise amplifier, the first RF bandpass filter, the first RF power divider, the fourth downconverter, the sixth digitally controlled attenuator, the second intermediate frequency combiner, the third intermediate frequency amplifier, and the third intermediate frequency bandpass filter. The sixth digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor.

5. The satellite communication system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The receiving circuit also includes a third frequency synthesizer, a third equal-amplitude in-phase power divider, a fifth phase shifter, a sixth phase shifter, and a third digital-to-analog converter; The third frequency synthesizer is connected to the microprocessor in sequence through the third equal-amplitude in-phase power divider, the fifth and sixth phase shifters connected in parallel, and the third digital-to-analog converter. The fifth phase shifter is also connected to the third down-converter, and the sixth phase shifter is also connected to the fourth down-converter.

6. The satellite communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmitting circuit includes: a second intermediate frequency amplifier, a second intermediate frequency bandpass filter, a first intermediate frequency power divider, a third digitally controlled attenuator, a first upconverter, a first radio frequency combiner, a first radio frequency amplifier, a second radio frequency bandpass filter, a fourth intermediate frequency amplifier, a fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter, a second intermediate frequency power divider, an eighth digitally controlled attenuator, and a fourth upconverter. The horizontally polarized transceiver port is connected to the corresponding horizontally polarized port in sequence through the second intermediate frequency amplifier, the second intermediate frequency bandpass filter, the first intermediate frequency power divider, the third digitally controlled attenuator, the first upconverter, the first radio frequency combiner, the first radio frequency amplifier, and the second radio frequency bandpass filter. The third digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor. The vertically polarized transceiver port is connected to the corresponding horizontally polarized port in sequence through the fourth intermediate frequency amplifier, the fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter, the second intermediate frequency power divider, the eighth digitally controlled attenuator, the fourth upconverter, the first radio frequency combiner, the first radio frequency amplifier, and the second radio frequency bandpass filter. The eighth digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor.

7. The satellite communication system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The transmitting circuit further includes: a second frequency synthesizer, a second equal-amplitude in-phase power divider, a third phase shifter, a fourth phase shifter, and a second digital-to-analog converter; The second frequency synthesizer is connected to the microprocessor in sequence through the second equal-amplitude in-phase power divider, the third phase shifter and the fourth phase shifter connected in parallel, and the second digital-to-analog converter. The third phase shifter is also connected to the first up-converter.

8. The satellite communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmitting circuit includes: a fourth intermediate frequency amplifier, a fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter, a second intermediate frequency power divider, a seventh digitally controlled attenuator, a third upconverter, a second radio frequency combiner, a second radio frequency amplifier, a fourth radio frequency bandpass filter, a second intermediate frequency amplifier, a second intermediate frequency bandpass filter, a first intermediate frequency power divider, a fourth digitally controlled attenuator, and a second upconverter; The vertical polarization transceiver port is connected to the corresponding vertical polarization port in sequence through the fourth intermediate frequency amplifier, the fourth intermediate frequency bandpass filter, the second intermediate frequency power divider, the seventh digitally controlled attenuator, the third upconverter, the second radio frequency combiner, the second radio frequency amplifier, and the fourth radio frequency bandpass filter. The seventh digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor. The horizontally polarized transceiver port is sequentially connected to the corresponding vertically polarized port via the second intermediate frequency amplifier, the second intermediate frequency bandpass filter, the first intermediate frequency power divider, the fourth digitally controlled attenuator, the second upconverter, the second radio frequency combiner, the second radio frequency amplifier, and the fourth radio frequency bandpass filter. The fourth digitally controlled attenuator is also connected to the microprocessor.

9. The satellite communication system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The transmitting circuit also includes: a fourth frequency synthesizer, a fourth equal-amplitude in-phase power divider, a seventh phase shifter, an eighth phase shifter, and a fourth digital-to-analog converter; The fourth frequency synthesizer is connected to the microprocessor in sequence through the fourth equal-amplitude in-phase power divider, the seventh phase shifter and the eighth phase shifter connected in parallel, and the fourth digital-to-analog converter. The seventh phase shifter is also connected to the third up-converter.

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