Intelligent electric meter data acquisition and transmission method based on homomorphic encryption

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric power system data acquisition and transmission, in particular to an intelligent electric meter data acquisition and transmission method based on homomorphic encryption, which comprises the following steps: combining a power grid layered topological structure with a homomorphic encryption technology, recording instantaneous current data of the branch electricity meters, encrypting the instantaneous current data by adopting a homomorphic encryption algorithm, and broadcasting the encrypted current data to other branch electricity meters; each branch ammeter dynamically generates an encryption key based on the received encryption current data; the branch ammeters encrypt total electric quantity data metered by the branch ammeters by using the generated dynamic keys and upload the total electric quantity data to the superior ammeters; and the superior ammeter calculates an encryption key through the known total current information, and decrypts the encrypted electric quantity data uploaded by the branch ammeters to obtain the actual electric quantity data of each branch ammeter. According to the method, the privacy and security of data transmission are guaranteed through time segment communication, dynamic key generation and homomorphic encryption technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power system data collection and transmission, and in particular to a smart meter data collection and transmission method based on homomorphic encryption. Background Art

[0002] With the development of smart grid, smart meters have become an important part of power monitoring and management. In the process of smart meter data collection and transmission, how to protect user privacy and data security has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] Existing technologies mainly achieve data protection through fixed-key encryption and decryption mechanisms, but there are the following problems: Operation and maintenance complexity: Traditional encryption and decryption mechanisms require a large number of key management operations, which increases the operation and maintenance costs of the power grid; Privacy leakage risk: In the face of internal eavesdropping or attack nodes, traditional methods are difficult to effectively protect privacy during data interaction.

[0004] Homomorphic encryption technology allows operations to be performed directly on encrypted data, and the results can be obtained without decryption, which provides a new solution for the privacy protection of smart meter data. However, the application of existing homomorphic encryption technology in power data collection still has problems such as insufficient performance optimization and inability to adapt to dynamic network topology changes. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the existing technology and propose a smart meter data acquisition and transmission method based on homomorphic encryption, which is suitable for the metering and data collection scenarios of layered power grids and can better balance privacy protection and computing efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following specific technical solutions:

[0007] The method for collecting and transmitting data of a smart meter based on homomorphic encryption provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. Network initialization; adopting the hierarchical topology design of the power grid, the network includes upper-level meters and branch meters;

[0009] S2, current metering data collection: the branch meter measures the instantaneous current data value of the branch circuit at the collection time point within the data collection cycle;

[0010] S3. Encrypted broadcast of current metering data: using a homomorphic encryption function, each branch meter encrypts the instantaneous current data value measured by itself, and then broadcasts it to other branch meters;

[0011] S4, dynamic key generation; each branch meter generates a dynamic key based on the encrypted data broadcast by other branch meters and the instantaneous current data measured by itself;

[0012] S5. Encryption and upload of electricity consumption data: Each branch meter uses the generated dynamic key to encrypt its total electricity consumption data and upload it to the upper-level meter;

[0013] S6. Calculation of the key of the upper meter and decryption of the data; the upper meter calculates the decryption key of the branch meter through the total current data value at the collection time point within the data collection cycle, decrypts the encrypted data uploaded by the branch meter, and obtains the actual electricity data of the branch meter.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the acquisition time point t m for:

[0015]

[0016] In the formula, n is the number of branch meters, and T is the data collection period;

[0017] The branch meter is at each collection time point t m The measured instantaneous current data value G j (t m ).

[0018] Further, in step S3, the branch meter uses the homomorphic encryption function E(·) to convert the measured instantaneous current data value G j (t m ) to generate encrypted current data C j (t m ):

[0019] C j (t m )=E(G j (t m )).

[0020] Furthermore, in step S4, the dynamic key is generated by the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] Further, in step S5, each branch meter uses the generated dynamic key K j The total power consumption X in period T j To encrypt:

[0023]

[0024] In step S6, the upper level electric meter measures the time t j The total current value of the system is S sum (t j ), calculate the decryption key of the branch meter:

[0025] Kj =E(S sum (t j ));

[0026] Decrypt the encrypted data Y uploaded by the branch meter j , get the actual power X of the branch meter j :

[0027]

[0028] Encrypted current data broadcast by branch meters C j (t m ) is generated only through homomorphic encryption, and each branch meter only has its own original current data C j (t m ) and the generated key K j , the dynamic key generation of branch meters depends on the encrypted current data C of all branch meters j (t m ).

[0029] The present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0030] The smart meter data acquisition and transmission method provided by the present invention ensures the privacy and security of data transmission through time-segmented communication, dynamic key generation and homomorphic encryption technology, and realizes the privacy protection and secure collection of branch meter electricity data; the upper-level meter uses the total current information to correctly decrypt the encrypted electricity data uploaded by each branch meter, while other entities cannot obtain the specific data of the branch meter; the method is suitable for metering and data collection scenarios in layered power grids, and achieves a good balance between privacy protection and computing efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a method for collecting and transmitting data of a smart meter based on homomorphic encryption provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a network structure provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, the same modules are represented by the same reference numerals. In the case of the same reference numerals, their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, the detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0035] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for collecting and transmitting data of a smart meter based on homomorphic encryption. Figure 1 The process of the smart meter data collection and transmission method is shown. Figure 2 The network structure is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1-2 As shown, the hierarchical topology of the power grid is combined with the homomorphic encryption technology to realize the privacy protection and secure transmission of the branch meter data; in each data collection cycle, the branch meter records its instantaneous current data and encrypts it using the homomorphic encryption algorithm, and broadcasts the encrypted current data to other branch meters; each branch meter dynamically generates an encryption key based on the received encrypted current data; the branch meter uses the generated dynamic key to encrypt the total electricity data it measures and uploads it to the superior meter; the superior meter calculates the encryption key based on the known total current information, and decrypts the encrypted electricity data uploaded by the branch meter, thereby obtaining the actual electricity data of each branch meter.

[0036] The characteristic that the sum of the current values ​​of the branch circuit is equal to the current of the upper circuit is used as the basis for generating dynamic symmetric keys when the upper and lower meters communicate data. This not only ensures that external nodes cannot decipher the data information transmitted in the power grid, but also better adapts to the complex power grid topology and avoids the complex certificate setting and maintenance work under other encryption and decryption mechanisms.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the power grid includes a superior meter L i and three lower level meters The lower-level electric meter records instantaneous current data in stages during the data collection cycle, and uses homomorphic encryption technology to generate dynamic keys to encrypt and transmit the power consumption data. The upper-level electric meter uses the total current information to generate a symmetric key to decrypt the data uploaded by the lower-level electric meter, thereby obtaining the specific power consumption of each lower-level electric meter.

[0038] The method for collecting and transmitting data of a smart meter based on homomorphic encryption includes the following steps:

[0039] S1. Network initialization.

[0040] The grid adopts a hierarchical topology design, and the network includes 1 upper-level meter L i and n = 3 branch meters

[0041] The data collection period T is set to 60 s and is divided into n+1=4 equal time segments.

[0042] S2. Current measurement data collection.

[0043] The branch electric meter measures the instantaneous current data value of the branch circuit at a collection time point within a data collection cycle.

[0044] The lower level electric meter has 3 measuring current collection points They are 15s, 30s and 45s respectively.

[0045] At the three time points of 15s, 30s and 45s, the lower level electric meter Meter the instantaneous current data value of the branch circuit;

[0046] Electricity Meter Obtain the current values ​​G1(r1), G1(r2), G1(r3) at three time points: 15s, 30s, and 45s; Obtain the current values ​​G2(t1), G2(t2), G2(t3) at three time points: 15s, 30s, and 45s; Obtain the current values ​​G3(t1), G3(t2), and G3(t3) at three time points of 15s, 30s, and 45s.

[0047] S3. Encrypted broadcast of current metering data.

[0048] Using the homomorphic encryption function E(·), each branch meter encrypts the instantaneous current data value measured by itself and then broadcasts it to other branch meters.

[0049] Corresponding electric meter The known encrypted metering current data matrix is:

[0050]

[0051] Corresponding electric meter The known encrypted metering current data matrix is:

[0052]

[0053] Corresponding electric meter The known encrypted metering current data matrix is:

[0054]

[0055] The lower-level electric meter broadcasts the encrypted data. Broadcast C1(t2) and C1(t3) in the network, Broadcast C2(t1) and C2(t3) in the network, C3(t1) and C3(t2) are broadcast in the network.

[0056] After receiving the data information broadcast in the network, Known information updates are:

[0057]

[0058] Known information updates are:

[0059]

[0060] Known information updates are:

[0061]

[0062] S4. Dynamic key generation.

[0063] Each branch meter generates a dynamic key based on the received encrypted data broadcasted by other branch meters and the instantaneous current data measured by itself.

[0064]

[0065] The generated key K1 is C1(t1)C2(t1)C3(t1), The generated key K2 is C1(t2)C2(t2)C3(t2), The generated key K3 is C1(t3)C2(t3)C3(t3).

[0066] S5. Encrypt and upload electricity consumption data.

[0067] Each branch meter uses the generated dynamic key K j The total power consumption data X j Encryption is performed;

[0068]

[0069] The encrypted data is uploaded to the upper-level electric meter.

[0070] S6. Calculation of the upper-level electric meter key and data decryption.

[0071] The upper level meter calculates the decryption key of the branch meter through the total current data value at the collection time point within the data collection cycle, decrypts the encrypted data uploaded by the branch meter, and obtains the actual power data of the branch meter.

[0072] Upper level meter Li Measure the total current data value S at three time points: 15s, 30s, and 45s sum (t1),S sum (t2),S sum (t3);

[0073] Use S sum (t1),S sum (t2) and S sum (t3) Calculate the decryption keys corresponding to the three lower-level meters:

[0074] K j =E(S sum (t j ));

[0075] Using the dynamic key K j Decrypt the encrypted data Y uploaded by the branch meter j , get the total power X j :

[0076]

[0077] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0078] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

[0079] The above specific implementations of the present invention do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for collecting and transmitting smart meter data based on homomorphic encryption, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Network initialization; adopting the hierarchical topology design of the power grid, the network includes upper-level meters and branch meters; S2, current metering data collection: the branch meter measures the instantaneous current data value of the branch circuit at the collection time point within the data collection cycle; S3. Encrypted broadcast of current metering data: using a homomorphic encryption function, each branch meter encrypts the instantaneous current data value measured by itself, and then broadcasts it to other branch meters; S4, dynamic key generation; each branch meter generates a dynamic key based on the encrypted data broadcast by other branch meters and the instantaneous current data measured by itself; S5. Encryption and upload of electricity consumption data: Each branch meter uses the generated dynamic key to encrypt its total electricity consumption data and upload it to the upper level meter; S6, calculation of the upper-level electric meter key and data decryption; The upper level meter calculates the decryption key of the branch meter through the total current data value at the collection time point within the data collection cycle, decrypts the encrypted data uploaded by the branch meter, and obtains the actual power data of the branch meter.

2. The method for collecting and transmitting smart meter data based on homomorphic encryption according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the acquisition time point t m for: In the formula, n is the number of branch meters, and T is the data collection period; The branch meter is at each collection time point t m The measured instantaneous current data value G j (t m ).

3. The method for collecting and transmitting data of a smart meter based on homomorphic encryption according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step S3, the branch meter uses the homomorphic encryption function E(·) to convert the measured instantaneous current data value G j (t m ) encryption to generate encrypted current data C j (t m ): C j (t m )=E(G j (t m ))。 4. The method for collecting and transmitting smart meter data based on homomorphic encryption according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S4, the dynamic key K j Generated by the following formula:

5. The method for collecting and transmitting data of a smart meter based on homomorphic encryption according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In step S5, each branch meter uses the generated dynamic key K j The total power consumption X in period T j To encrypt: In step S6, the upper level electric meter measures the time t j The total current value of the system is S sum (t j ), calculate the decryption key of the branch meter: K j =E(S sum (t j )); Decrypt the encrypted data Y uploaded by the branch meter j , get the actual power X of the branch meter j : Encrypted current data broadcast by branch meters C j (t m ) is generated only through homomorphic encryption, and each branch meter only has its own original current data C j (t m ) and the generated key K j , the dynamic key generation of branch meters depends on the encrypted current data C of all branch meters j (t m ).

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