Adjustable polarization inclined magnetization undulator and undulator

Abstract

The invention provides an adjustable polarization inclined magnetization undulator and an undulator, which are applied to the technical field of synchrotron radiation, solve the important defect of low photon flux in a circular polarization mode of a traditional APPLE KNOT undulator, and improve the overall performance of an undulator device. The polarization-adjustable inclined magnetization undulator comprises: an electron beam vacuum chamber used for transmitting an electron beam so that the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light in a predetermined polarization state under the action of a magnetic field in a vacuum environment; the plurality of groups of permanent magnet structures are respectively arranged in four quadrants of a rectangular coordinate system established by taking the vacuum chamber as the center, and each group of permanent magnet structure comprises an inclined magnetized magnetic block unit and an additional magnetized magnetic block unit. A magnetic field generated by the inclined magnetized magnetic block unit enables the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light in a preset polarization state, and meanwhile the additional magnetized magnetic block unit is combined to jointly adjust the transverse speed of the electron beam, so that the speed direction of the electron beam is far away from the central axis of the undulator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of synchrotron radiation technology, and more specifically to an undulator with tilted magnetization and adjustable polarization. Background Art

[0002] As an accelerator, the synchrotron radiation storage ring is used to generate synchrotron radiation. The electron beam in the bent iron moves at a relativistic speed close to the speed of light, and the acceleration direction points to the center of the circle and is perpendicular to the speed direction, thereby generating synchrotron radiation along the tangential motion direction. However, since the spectrum of the synchrotron radiation output by the bent iron is relatively wide and the radiation beam cannot be concentrated within a smaller angle, the existing technology usually uses an undulator to generate synchrotron radiation, so that the synchrotron radiation generated by the undulator can meet higher requirements.

[0003] In the process of realizing the above-mentioned inventive concept, the inventors found that in the related technology, in the horizontal linear polarization state or vertical linear polarization state of the undulator, the velocity direction of the electron beam is consistent with the direction of the central axis when the field intensity is the highest, resulting in the concentration of radiant heat near the central axis, and the thermal load effect is significant. The optical elements are difficult to withstand the high radiant heat, and the photon flux and polarization degree in the circular polarization mode are low. Technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present disclosure provides a polarization-adjustable tilted magnetization undulator and an undulator.

[0005] According to the first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization, comprising: an electron beam vacuum chamber for transmitting an electron beam so that the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state under the action of a magnetic field in a vacuum environment; a plurality of groups of permanent magnet structures, respectively arranged in four quadrants of a rectangular coordinate system established with the electron beam vacuum chamber as the center, each group of permanent magnet structures comprising a tilted magnetized magnetic block unit and an additional magnetized magnetic block unit, and the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit and the additional magnetized magnetic block unit are arranged alternately; wherein, when an electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit causes the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state, and at the same time, in combination with the additional magnetized magnetic block unit, the lateral velocity of the electron beam is adjusted together so that the velocity direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis of the tilted magnetized undulator.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the additional magnetization magnetic block unit includes a plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks, and the plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks include a plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with vertical magnetization directions and a plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with horizontal magnetization directions; when an electron beam flow is injected into an electron beam vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with horizontal magnetization directions, combined with the magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with vertical magnetization directions, jointly make the velocity direction of the electron beam flow away from the central axis of the inclined magnetization undulator.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit includes a plurality of tilted magnetized magnetic blocks, each of which includes a main magnetic field magnetic block and an additional magnetic field magnetic block; the magnetization direction of the tilted magnetized magnetic block is obtained by superimposing the magnetization direction of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the magnetization direction of the additional magnetic field magnetic block, thereby generating a magnetic field tilted relative to the magnetic field direction of the main magnetic field magnetic block, so that when an electron beam flow is injected into an electron beam vacuum chamber, the electron beam flow emits synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in any group of permanent magnet structures, the ratio of the total number of main magnetic field magnetic blocks to the total number of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks is 2:3, and the ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field magnetic blocks to the period length of the additional magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks is 3:2.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, multiple groups of permanent magnet structures include a first permanent magnet structure located in the fourth quadrant, a second permanent magnet structure located in the first quadrant, a third permanent magnet structure located in the second quadrant, and a fourth permanent magnet structure located in the third quadrant; the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the first permanent magnet structure and the magnetic blocks at the ends of the third permanent magnet structure are horizontally opposite, and the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the second permanent magnet structure and the magnetic blocks at the ends of the fourth permanent magnet structure are horizontally opposite, so that the multiple integral fields generated by the multiple groups of permanent magnet structures cancel each other out, the first integral of the tilted magnetization undulator is 0, and the movement direction of the electron beam after passing through the tilted magnetization undulator remains consistent with the initial state, wherein the initial state characterizes the movement state of the electron beam before passing through the tilted magnetization undulator.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the tilted magnetization undulator also includes a movable connecting structure for adjusting the gaps between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction and the phases between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the direction of the central axis, so that the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state, while making the speed direction of the electron beam away from the central axis, thereby reducing the thermal load of the tilted magnetization undulator; wherein, the strength of the magnetic field and the size of the resonant photon energy are adjusted by adjusting the gaps between the multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction, and the polarization state of the synchrotron radiation light is adjusted by adjusting the phases between the multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the direction of the central axis.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the range of adjusting the gap between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction is 17mm~180mm, and the range of adjusting the phase between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the direction of the central axis is -168mm~168mm.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the tilt angle of the magnetization direction of the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit is in a range of 0° to 30°.

[0013] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the horizontal and vertical size ranges of the additional magnetic field magnetic block are both 3mm~40mm, and the horizontal and vertical size ranges of the inclined magnetization magnetic block are both 20mm~60mm.

[0014] A second aspect of the present disclosure provides an undulator, comprising: a plurality of groups of tilted magnetized undulators with adjustable polarization according to any one of claims 1 to 9

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an adjustable polarization tilted magnetized undulator may include an electron beam vacuum chamber and multiple groups of permanent magnet structures, wherein the multiple groups of permanent magnet structures are respectively arranged in four quadrants of a rectangular coordinate system established with the electron beam vacuum chamber as the center, and each quadrant includes a permanent magnet structure with the same structure. When an electron beam flow is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the composite magnetic field generated by the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit in the adjustable polarization tilted magnetized undulator causes the electron beam flow to spirally move in the vacuum electron beam vacuum chamber and emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state. At the same time, the integral field in the tilted magnetized undulator can be offset by the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at both ends of the permanent magnet structure respectively located in the four quadrants, so as to achieve the effect of making the electron beam flow have good directionality when passing through the electron beam vacuum chamber.

[0016] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, further, by combining the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit and the additional magnetized magnetic block unit, the relevant structural parameters between the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit and the additional magnetized magnetic block unit, that is, the gap and phase between the multiple groups of permanent magnet structures, are adjusted, so that the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity and the resonant photon energy of the output synchrotron radiation light can be changed, and the transverse velocity of the electron beam flow is adjusted so that the velocity direction of the electron beam flow is away from the central axis of the tilted magnetized undulator, thereby reducing the heat load near the central axis, so as to achieve the effect of reducing the heat load of the tilted magnetized undulator, and at the same time, under the specific structure of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization, the photon flux of the emitted circularly polarized synchrotron radiation light and the polarization degree of the circularly polarized state can be increased, so as to obtain higher quality circularly polarized synchrotron radiation light.

[0017] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, further, the mechanical structure of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization, which is composed of tilted magnetized magnetic block units of different heights and additional magnetized magnetic block units arranged in an alternating manner, is relatively simple, which can reduce the difficulty of processing and reduce the cost while simplifying the control and use process of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization, and has a high application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The above contents and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent through the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0019] Figure 1A schematic diagram schematically shows the structure of a tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization having 2 periods according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 2a A schematic diagram schematically shows a working coordinate system of a tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0021] Figure 2b A schematic diagram schematically shows the position distribution of multiple groups of permanent magnetic structures of a tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 3a A schematic diagram schematically shows the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block in the first permanent magnetic structure of the tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 3b A schematic diagram schematically shows the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block in the second permanent magnetic structure of the tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 3c A schematic diagram schematically shows the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block in the third permanent magnetic structure of the tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 3d A schematic diagram schematically shows the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block in the fourth permanent magnetic structure of the tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 4a A schematic diagram schematically shows the magnetic field distribution of the horizontal linear polarization mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 4b A schematic diagram schematically shows the magnetic field distribution of a vertical linear polarization mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 4c A schematic diagram schematically shows the magnetic field distribution of a circular polarization mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 5a A schematic diagram schematically shows the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output by the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the case of horizontal linear polarization;

[0030] Figure 5b A schematic diagram schematically shows the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output by the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the case of vertical linear polarization;

[0031] Figure 5c A schematic diagram schematically shows the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output by the polarization-adjustable tilted magnetized undulator in the case of circular polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 6 A schematic diagram schematically shows the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output under different polarization modes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 7 A schematic diagram schematically shows the relationship between the energy of photons output under different polarization modes and the absolute value of the polarization degree according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 8 A schematic diagram schematically shows the relationship between the energy and power of photons output under different polarization modes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 9a A schematic diagram schematically shows a power density distribution of a horizontal linear polarization mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 9b A schematic diagram schematically shows a power density distribution of a vertical linear polarization mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Fig.9c A schematic diagram schematically shows the power density distribution of a circular polarization mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for ease of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it is apparent that one or more embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concepts of the present disclosure.

[0039] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The terms "comprise", "include", etc. used herein indicate the existence of the features, steps, operations and / or components, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations or components.

[0040] All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0041] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", they should generally be interpreted according to the meaning of the expression commonly understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.).

[0042] In the technical solution of the present invention, the user information (including but not limited to user personal information, user image information, user device information, such as location information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure and application of the relevant data comply with relevant laws, regulations and standards, take necessary confidentiality measures, do not violate public order and good morals, and provide corresponding operation entrances for users to choose to authorize or refuse.

[0043] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, since the performance of the synchrotron radiation output by the bent iron is poor, the synchrotron radiation is extracted by a wiggler or an undulator. The undulator is composed of multiple groups of short-period dipole magnets that are periodically arranged and have alternating polarities. Compared with the bent iron radiation, the undulator radiation spectrum is narrower, and the radiation beam is concentrated within a very small opening angle. As the core component for generating synchrotron radiation, the undulator is used in synchrotron radiation storage rings and free electron laser devices.

[0044] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, synchrotron radiation light with adjustable polarization is an important characteristic that distinguishes synchrotron radiation sources from other light sources. However, for horizontally or vertically linearly polarized radiation, most of the radiant heat accumulates near the central axis, and the thermal load effect is significant. Especially when low-energy linear polarized radiation is generated on medium- and high-energy flux radiation sources, it is difficult for optical elements to withstand such high radiant heat.

[0045] In the process of implementing the present application, it was found that on the basis of the APPLE II undulator, an APPE KNOT undulator with two groups of APPLE II magnetic arrays with a period ratio of 2:3 was used, with a total of eight rows of permanent magnet structures. The inner four rows of APPLE II were used to generate the APPLE main magnetic field, and the outer four rows of permanent magnet structures were used to generate the KNOT additional field. The period length ratio of the main magnetic field and the additional field was 2:3, so that polarized light in any direction can be achieved and the on-axis heat load can be maintained as low as possible. However, the mechanical structure of the undulator with this structure is still relatively complex, and the vertical field strength under vertical linear polarization is still low, and the on-axis heat load suppression effect is relatively weak; further, the eight rows of permanent magnet structures in the APPE KNOT undulator are combined in pairs to form a four-row APPLE KNOT undulator with inclined magnetized magnetic blocks, thereby achieving polarized light in any direction and maintaining a low on-axis heat load.

[0046] However, on this basis, the inventor still found that because the period length of the main field is smaller than the period length of the additional field, the existing undulator cannot generate circularly polarized synchronous radiation with high photon flux, and thus cannot meet the current high requirements for optical elements. In the process of realizing the above-mentioned invention concept, it was found through research that in the horizontal linear polarization state or vertical linear polarization state of the undulator, when the field intensity is the highest, the velocity direction of the electron beam is consistent with the direction of the central axis, resulting in the concentration of radiant heat near the central axis, and the thermal load effect is significant. The optical element is difficult to withstand the high radiant heat and the photon flux and polarization degree in the circular polarization mode are low.

[0047] In view of this, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization, comprising: an electron beam vacuum chamber for transmitting an electron beam so that the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state under the action of a magnetic field in a vacuum environment; a plurality of groups of permanent magnet structures, respectively arranged in four quadrants of a rectangular coordinate system established with the electron beam vacuum chamber as the center, each group of permanent magnet structures comprising a tilted magnetized magnetic block unit and an additional magnetized magnetic block unit, and the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit and the additional magnetized magnetic block unit are arranged alternately; wherein, when an electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit causes the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state, and at the same time, in combination with the additional magnetized magnetic block unit, the lateral velocity of the electron beam is adjusted so that the velocity direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis of the tilted magnetized undulator.

[0048] The following will be passed Figure 1 to Figure 9c The polarization-adjustable tilted magnetization undulator of the disclosed embodiment is described in detail.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a polarization-adjustable tilted magnetization undulator may include an electron beam vacuum chamber and a plurality of permanent magnet structures.

[0050] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an electron beam vacuum chamber may be used to transmit an electron beam flow, so that the electron beam flow emits synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state under the action of a magnetic field in a vacuum environment.

[0051] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when an electron beam is injected into an electron beam vacuum chamber, the composite magnetic field generated by the tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization can cause the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state, wherein the predetermined polarization state can include a horizontal linear polarization state, a vertical linear polarization state, and a circular polarization state.

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, multiple groups of permanent magnetic structures can be respectively arranged in four quadrants of a rectangular coordinate system established with the electron beam vacuum chamber as the center, and each group of permanent magnetic structures includes tilted magnetized magnetic block units and additional magnetized magnetic block units, and the tilted magnetized magnetic block units and the additional magnetized magnetic block units are arranged in an alternating manner.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of permanent magnet structures may include four permanent magnet structures, and the four permanent magnet structures are respectively located in four quadrants of a rectangular coordinate system established with the electron beam vacuum chamber as the center, that is, each quadrant contains a permanent magnet structure. The heights of the inclined magnetized magnetic block units and the additional magnetized magnetic block units included in each permanent magnet structure are different, wherein the ratio of the number of magnetic blocks included in the inclined magnetized magnetic block unit and the number of magnetic blocks included in the additional magnetized magnetic block unit in each permanent magnet structure is 2:1.

[0054] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when an electron beam is injected into an electron beam vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit causes the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state, especially circularly polarized synchrotron radiation light with high photon flux and high polarization degree. At the same time, the additional magnetized magnetic block unit is combined to jointly increase the resonant photon energy of the output synchrotron radiation light and adjust the transverse velocity of the electron beam, that is, the transverse velocity of the electron beam can always be non-zero, so that the velocity direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis of the tilted magnetized undulator, thereby reducing the heat load near the central axis, so as to achieve the effect of reducing the heat load of the tilted magnetized undulator. At the same time, the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit and the additional magnetized magnetic block unit may include multiple magnetic blocks, and the integral field in the tilted magnetized undulator is offset by the magnetization directions of the relevant magnetic blocks in the permanent magnetic structure respectively located in the four quadrants, so that the electron beam has good directionality when passing through the electron beam vacuum chamber, that is, the movement direction of the electron beam after passing through the tilted magnetized undulator remains consistent with the initial state.

[0055] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an adjustable polarization tilted magnetized undulator may include an electron beam vacuum chamber and multiple groups of permanent magnet structures, wherein the multiple groups of permanent magnet structures are respectively arranged in four quadrants of a rectangular coordinate system established with the electron beam vacuum chamber as the center, and each quadrant includes a permanent magnet structure with the same structure. When an electron beam flow is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the composite magnetic field generated by the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit in the adjustable polarization tilted magnetized undulator causes the electron beam flow to spirally move in the vacuum electron beam vacuum chamber and emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state, as well as output circularly polarized synchrotron radiation light with high photon flux and high polarization degree. At the same time, through the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at both ends of the permanent magnet structure respectively located in the four quadrants, the integral field in the tilted magnetized undulator can be offset, so as to achieve the effect of making the electron beam flow have good directionality when passing through the electron beam vacuum chamber.

[0056] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, further, by combining the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit and the additional magnetized magnetic block unit, the relevant structural parameters between the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit and the additional magnetized magnetic block unit, that is, the gap and phase between the multiple groups of permanent magnet structures, are adjusted, so that the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity and the resonant photon energy of the output synchrotron radiation light can be changed, and the transverse velocity of the electron beam flow is adjusted so that the velocity direction of the electron beam flow is away from the central axis of the tilted magnetized undulator, thereby reducing the heat load near the central axis, so as to achieve the effect of reducing the heat load of the tilted magnetized undulator, and at the same time, under the specific structure of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization, the photon flux of the emitted circularly polarized synchrotron radiation light and the polarization degree of the circularly polarized state can be increased, so as to obtain higher quality circularly polarized synchrotron radiation light.

[0057] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, further, the mechanical structure of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization, which is composed of tilted magnetized magnetic block units of different heights and additional magnetized magnetic block units arranged in an alternating manner, is relatively simple, which can reduce the difficulty of processing and reduce the cost while simplifying the control and use process of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization, and has a high application value.

[0058] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization of 2 periods according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1The structure of the tilted magnetized undulator with two groups of adjustable polarization is shown, each group of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization may include an electron beam vacuum chamber 102 and multiple groups of permanent magnet structures, the multiple groups of permanent magnet structures may include each permanent magnet structure (Array1, Array2, Array3 and Array4) located in four quadrants of a rectangular coordinate system established with the electron beam vacuum chamber as the center, each permanent magnet structure includes a tilted magnetized magnetic block unit 1011 and an additional magnetized magnetic block unit 1012, when an electron beam 103 is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber 102, the magnetic field generated by the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit 1011 causes the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state, and at the same time, combined with the additional magnetized magnetic block Unit 1012 jointly improves the resonant photon energy of the output synchrotron radiation light and adjusts the lateral velocity of the electron beam so that the velocity direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis 104 of the tilted magnetized undulator, thereby reducing the heat load near the central axis 104, so as to achieve the effect of reducing the heat load of the tilted magnetized undulator. At the same time, the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit 1011 and the additional magnetized magnetic block unit 1012 may include a plurality of magnetic blocks. Through the magnetization directions of the relevant magnetic blocks in the permanent magnetic structure respectively located in the four quadrants, the integral field in the tilted magnetized undulator is offset, so as to achieve the effect of making the electron beam flow have good directionality when passing through the electron beam vacuum chamber, wherein the lowest photon energy output by the tilted magnetized undulator can be about 5~6 eV.

[0060] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the electron beam flow axis of the tilted magnetization undulator, that is, the central axis is taken as the z-axis, and the positive direction can be the forward direction of the electron beam, also known as the longitudinal direction; the y-axis is perpendicular to the permanent magnet structure of the tilted magnetization undulator, and the positive direction can point to the upper surface of the permanent magnet structure located in the first quadrant and the second quadrant; the x-axis is parallel to the permanent magnet structure of the first quadrant and the second quadrant of the tilted magnetization undulator, and the positive direction can be defined by a right-handed coordinate system.

[0061] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of permanent magnet structures include a first permanent magnet structure located in the fourth quadrant, a second permanent magnet structure located in the first quadrant, a third permanent magnet structure located in the second quadrant, and a fourth permanent magnet structure located in the third quadrant.

[0062] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of the working coordinate system of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown. Figure 2b A schematic diagram schematically shows the position distribution of multiple groups of permanent magnetic structures of a tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0063] like Figure 2a~2b As shown, Figure 2a~2bThe working coordinate system of the tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization and the position distribution of multiple groups of permanent magnet structures are shown, with the central axis of the tilted magnetization undulator, that is, the beam axis of the electron beam as the z-axis, the y-axis perpendicular to the second permanent magnet structure located in the first quadrant and the third permanent magnet structure located in the second quadrant, and the x-axis horizontal to the second permanent magnet structure located in the first quadrant and the third permanent magnet structure located in the second quadrant. The first permanent magnet structure is located in the fourth quadrant, the second permanent magnet structure is located in the first quadrant, the third permanent magnet structure is located in the second quadrant, and the fourth permanent magnet structure is located in the third quadrant.

[0064] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the additional magnetized magnetic block unit may include a plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks, wherein the plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks include a plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with vertical magnetization directions and a plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with horizontal magnetization directions.

[0065] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with perpendicular magnetization direction are arranged on both sides of the inclined magnetization magnetic block unit, and the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with perpendicular magnetization direction include additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with magnetization direction of 0° and additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with magnetization direction of 180°.

[0066] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks in the horizontal magnetization direction are arranged on both sides of the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks in the vertical magnetization direction, and the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks in the horizontal magnetization direction include additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with a magnetization direction of 90° and additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with a magnetization direction of -90°.

[0067] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when an electron beam is injected into an electron beam vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field magnet block in the horizontal magnetization direction is combined with the magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field magnet block in the vertical magnetization direction to jointly make the velocity direction of the electron beam away from the central axis of the inclined magnetization undulator.

[0068] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the magnetic blocks at both ends of each permanent magnet structure of an inclined magnetization undulator are additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with horizontal magnetization direction, and the magnetization directions of the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with horizontal magnetization direction at both ends can be the same.

[0069] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the size range of the additional magnetic field magnetic block in the horizontal direction (x direction) and the size range of the vertical direction (y direction) are both 3mm~40mm, and the size range of the additional magnetic field magnetic block in the z direction is not limited. Preferably, the size of the additional magnetic field magnetic block in the horizontal direction is 50mm, the size in the vertical direction is 5mm, and the size of the additional magnetic field magnetic block in the z direction is 14mm. For example, Figure 1 As shown, the size of the additional magnetic field magnet block can be 50 mm (x) × 5 mm (y) × 14 mm (z).

[0070] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the additional magnetization magnetic block unit includes a plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks, and the plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks include a plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks in vertical magnetization directions and a plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks in horizontal magnetization directions. The additional magnetic field magnetic blocks in the vertical magnetization direction are arranged on both sides of the inclined magnetization magnetic block unit, and the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks in the horizontal magnetization direction are arranged on both sides of the additional magnetic blocks in the vertical magnetization direction. When an electron beam is injected into an electron beam vacuum chamber, the vertical magnetic field can provide the electron beam with acceleration in the horizontal direction, and the horizontal magnetic field can provide the electron beam with acceleration in the vertical direction, thereby realizing the simultaneous combination of the horizontal magnetic field and the vertical magnetic field, so that the velocity direction of the electron beam can be away from the central axis of the inclined magnetization undulator, thereby reducing the heat load near the central axis, reducing the heat load of the inclined magnetization undulator, and avoiding damage to the optical element.

[0071] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the inclined magnetized magnetic block unit may include a plurality of inclined magnetized magnetic blocks, each of which includes a main magnetic field magnetic block and an additional magnetic field magnetic block.

[0072] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the inclined magnetized magnetic blocks are obtained by merging the main magnetic field magnetic blocks and the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks, that is, the main magnetic field magnetic blocks located on the inner side and the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks located on the outer side are merged in pairs to form inclined magnetized magnetic blocks, so as to achieve the effect of superimposing the main magnetic field and the additional magnetic field of different periods to form a variety of composite magnetic fields.

[0073] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the strength of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field magnetic block is much greater than the strength of the additional magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field magnetic block. The main magnetic field magnetic block may be a magnetic block in an APPLE magnetic array, the main magnetic field may be an APPLE main magnetic field, the additional magnetic field magnetic block may be a magnetic block in a KNOT magnetic array, and the additional magnetic field may be a KNOT additional magnetic field.

[0074] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the magnetizing direction of the inclined magnetizing magnetic block is obtained by superimposing the magnetizing direction of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the magnetizing direction of the additional magnetic field magnetic block, thereby generating a magnetic field inclined relative to the magnetic field direction of the main magnetic field magnetic block, and when an electron beam is injected into an electron beam vacuum chamber, the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state, wherein the magnetizing direction of the main magnetic field magnetic block may include a horizontal magnetizing direction and a vertical magnetizing direction.

[0075] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the magnetization direction of the inclined magnetized magnetic block unit obtained by merging the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block has an inclination angle ranging from 0° to 30°.

[0076] For example, with clockwise as positive and counterclockwise as negative, the vertical positive direction as 0° and the vertical reverse direction as 180°, the magnetization direction of each magnetic block in the four-row permanent magnet structure is: the magnetization direction of all magnetic blocks in the first permanent magnet structure can be: -90°, 180°, -101°, 169°, 169°, 79°, 79°, -11°, -11°, -101°, -180°, 90°, 90°, 0°, -79°, -169°, -169°, 101°, 101°, 11°, 11°, -79°, 0°, -90 °; the magnetization directions of all the magnetic blocks in the second permanent magnetic structure can be: -90°, 0°, 79°, 169°, 169°, -101°, -101°, -11°, -11°, 79°, 0°, 90°, 90°, 180°, 101°, -169°, -169°, -79°, -79°, 11°, 11°, 101°, 180°, -90°; the magnetization directions of all the magnetic blocks in the third permanent magnetic structure can be: 90°, 180°, 101°, -169°, -169°, -79°, The magnetization directions of all magnetic blocks in the fourth permanent magnet structure can be: 90°, 0°, -79°, 11°, 11°, 101°, 180°, -90°, -90°, 0°, 79°, 169°, 169°, -101°, -101°, -11°, -11°, 79°, 0°, 90°; the magnetization directions of all magnetic blocks in the fourth permanent magnet structure can be: 90°, 0°, -79°, -169°, -169°, 101°, 101°, 11°, 11°, -79°, 0°, -90°, -90°, 180°, -101°, 169°, 169°, 79°, 79°, -11°, -11°, -101°, 180°, 90°, wherein the magnetization direction of 0° and the magnetization direction of 180° correspond to the additional magnetic field magnetic block with horizontal magnetization direction, the magnetization direction of 90° and the magnetization direction of -90° correspond to the additional magnetic field magnetic block with vertical magnetization direction, and the magnetization directions other than the magnetization direction of 0°, the magnetization direction of 180°, the magnetization direction of 90° and the magnetization direction of -90° correspond to the magnetization direction of the inclined magnetization magnetic block obtained by superimposing the magnetization direction of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the magnetization direction of the additional magnetic field magnetic block.

[0077] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the size range of the tilted magnetized magnetic block in the horizontal direction and the size range in the vertical direction are both 20mm~60mm, and the size range of the tilted magnetized magnetic block in the z direction is not limited. Preferably, the size of the tilted magnetized magnetic block in the horizontal direction is 50mm, the size in the vertical direction is 50mm, and the size of the tilted magnetized magnetic block in the z direction is 14mm. For example, Figure 1 As shown, the size of the main magnetic field magnetic block can be 50 mm (x) × 50 mm (y) × 14 mm (z).

[0078] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the tilt angle of the magnetization direction of the tilted magnetized magnetic block is small and the size of the tilted magnetized magnetic block is large, the size of the additional magnetic field magnetic block is small, the size specifications of the tilted magnetized magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block are quite different, the horizontal dimension ratio of the tilted magnetized magnetic block to the additional magnetic field magnetic block can reach 10:1, and the vertical dimension ratio and longitudinal dimension ratio thereof can be 1:1. By adjusting the size and magnetization direction of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block, the magnetic field intensity ratio of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block (the vertical magnetic field and the horizontal magnetic field) generated by the additional magnetic field magnetic block, as well as the period length ratio of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block can be changed.

[0079] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a tilted magnetized magnetic block unit may include a plurality of tilted magnetized magnetic blocks, each of which includes a main magnetic field magnetic block and an additional magnetic field magnetic block. By superimposing the magnetizing direction of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the magnetizing direction of the additional magnetic field magnetic block, the magnetizing direction of the tilted magnetized magnetic block can be obtained, thereby generating a magnetic field tilted relative to the magnetic field direction of the main magnetic field magnetic block. When an electron beam is injected into an electron beam vacuum chamber, the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state under the action of a composite magnetic field formed by the main magnetic field and the additional magnetic field, thereby realizing the output of high-quality synchrotron radiation light from the electron beam. Furthermore, by adjusting the relevant structural parameters of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block in the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit, the magnetic field strength of the composite magnetic field can be changed, thereby changing the magnitude of the magnetic field strength of the emitted synchrotron radiation light and the resonance photon energy.

[0080] Figure 3a A schematic diagram schematically shows the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block in the first permanent magnetic structure of the tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3b A schematic diagram schematically shows the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block in the second permanent magnetic structure of the tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3c A schematic diagram schematically shows the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block in the third permanent magnetic structure of the tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3d A schematic diagram schematically shows the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field magnetic blocks and the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks in the fourth permanent magnetic structure of the tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0081] like Figure 3a~3d As shown, Figure 3a~3dThe magnetization directions of the main magnetic field magnet blocks and the additional magnetic field magnet blocks in the four permanent magnetic structures are shown. As can be seen from the figure, before merging, there can be 13 additional magnetic field magnetic blocks (magnetic blocks in the KNOT undulator) and 10 main magnetic field magnetic blocks (magnetic blocks in the APPLE undulator). The magnetization directions of the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks and the main magnetic field magnetic blocks before merging are all horizontal or vertical. The size of the magnetic blocks at the head and tail ends of the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks and the main magnetic field magnetic blocks is half of the size of the magnetic blocks other than the head and tail ends. After merging all the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks and all the main magnetic field magnetic blocks, a permanent magnetic structure is obtained. The permanent magnetic structure includes 24 magnetic blocks with the same size as the original head and tail magnetic blocks. The magnetic blocks at the head and tail ends of the permanent magnetic structure are additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with horizontal magnetization direction, and the magnetic blocks with inclined direction are inclined magnetization magnetic blocks obtained after merging. The additional magnetic field magnetic blocks connected to the inclined magnetization magnetic blocks are with vertical magnetization direction, and the magnetic blocks located outside the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with vertical magnetization direction are all additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with horizontal magnetization direction. Figure 3a~3d It can be seen that the magnetizing directions of the first permanent magnetic structure, the second permanent magnetic structure, the third permanent magnetic structure and the fourth permanent magnetic structure are all obtained by superimposing the magnetizing directions of the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks and the main magnetic field magnetic blocks, wherein the magnetizing directions of all the magnetic blocks in the first permanent magnetic structure can be: -90°, 180°, -101°, 169°, 169°, 79°, 79°, -11°, -11°, -1 The magnetization directions of all the magnetic blocks in the second permanent magnet structure can be: -90°, 0°, 79°, 169°, 169°, -101°, -101°, -11°, -11°, 79°, 0°, 90°, 90°, 180°, 101° , -169°, -169°, -79°, -79°, 11°, 11°, 101°, 180°, -90°; the magnetization directions of all the magnetic blocks in the third permanent magnet structure can be: 90°, 180°, 101°, -169°, -169°, -79°, -79°, 11°, 11°, 101°, 180°, -90°, -90°, 0°, 79°, 169°, 169°, -101°, -101 °, -11°, -11°, 79°, 0°, 90°; the magnetization directions of all magnetic blocks in the fourth permanent magnet structure can be: 90°, 0°, -79°, -169°, -169°, 101°, 101°, 11°, 11°, -79°, 0°, -90°, -90°, 180°, -101°, 169°, 169°, 79°, 79°, -11°, -11°, -101°, 180°, 90°.

[0082] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in any group of permanent magnet structures, the ratio of the total number of main magnetic field magnetic blocks to the total number of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks is 2:3, and the ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field magnetic blocks to the period length of the additional magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks is 3:2.

[0083] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the ratio of the total number of main magnetic field magnetic blocks to the total number of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks is 2:3, that is, the ratio of the total number of magnetic blocks in the APPLE undulator used to the total number of magnetic blocks in the KNOT undulator can be 2:3, and the ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field magnetic blocks to the period length of the additional magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks is 3:2, that is, the ratio of the period length of the APPLE main magnetic field to the period length of the KNOT additional magnetic field can be 3:2. For example, Figure 3a~3d As shown in the figure, the ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field magnetic block before merging to the period length of the additional magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field magnetic block is 3:2, that is, the ratio of the period length of the APPLE main magnetic field to the period length of the KNOT additional magnetic field can be 3:2.

[0084] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, before the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block are merged, the ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field magnetic block to the period length of the additional magnetic field magnetic block is 3:2. In order to make the period lengths of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block equal before the merger, so that 3 periods of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks and 2 periods of main magnetic field magnetic blocks are required before the merger, the main magnetic field magnetic blocks in each quadrant are placed in parallel on the inner side of the additional magnetic field magnetic block, the upper and lower surfaces of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block are in the same plane, and the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block have the same longitudinal length with the electron beam direction, that is, the central axis direction as the longitudinal direction, and then the main magnetic field magnetic block at the predetermined position is knocked out so that the total number of the main magnetic field magnetic blocks and the total number of the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks are 2:3, and the ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field magnetic block to the period length of the additional magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field magnetic block is 3:2. Then, the main magnetic field magnetic block remaining after the knockout and the additional magnetic field magnetic block corresponding to the remaining main magnetic field magnetic block are merged to obtain an inclined magnetic field. The permanent magnetic block is composed of the inclined magnetized magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block that has not been merged. Each permanent magnetic structure can include 24 magnetic blocks, and the period length is 336mm. A tilted magnetized undulator can include 96 magnetic blocks, but the number of magnetic blocks included in the permanent magnetic structure and the number of magnetic blocks included in the tilted magnetized undulator are not limited to this. It is only necessary to ensure that the ratio of the relevant numbers is consistent with that specified in the present application. Before merging, the magnetic blocks at the head and tail ends of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the additional magnetic field magnetic block are The longitudinal (z-axis) dimension is half of the longitudinal (z-axis) dimension of the magnetic blocks except the magnetic blocks at the head and tail ends, so that after merging, all the magnetic blocks in the permanent magnet structure are also half of the longitudinal (z-axis) dimension of the magnetic blocks except the magnetic blocks at the head and tail ends before merging. Before merging, the multiple main magnetic field magnetic blocks and the multiple additional magnetic field magnetic blocks all take the magnetization direction of their respective head end magnetic blocks as the initial direction, and the initial magnetization of the other main magnetic field magnetic blocks and the other additional magnetic field magnetic blocks can be completed by rotating 90 degrees clockwise or counterclockwise.

[0085] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by making the ratio of the total number of main magnetic field magnetic blocks to the total number of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks be 2:3, and the ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field magnetic blocks to the period length of the additional magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks be 3:2, the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization under this structure can make the electron beam emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state in a vacuum electron beam vacuum chamber, thereby realizing the output from the electron beam to high-quality synchrotron radiation light, and can change the resonant photon energy and magnetic field strength of the output synchrotron radiation light, and adjust the transverse velocity of the electron beam, so that the velocity direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis of the tilted magnetized undulator, thereby reducing the heat load near the central axis, so as to achieve the effect of reducing the heat load of the tilted magnetized undulator, and at the same time, under the specific structure of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization, the photon flux and polarization degree of the emitted circularly polarized synchrotron radiation light can be increased to obtain higher quality circularly polarized synchrotron radiation light.

[0086] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the first permanent magnetic structure and the magnetic blocks at the ends of the third permanent magnetic structure are horizontally opposite, and the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the second permanent magnetic structure and the magnetic blocks at the ends of the fourth permanent magnetic structure are horizontally opposite, so that the multiple integral fields generated by the multiple groups of permanent magnetic structures cancel each other out, the first integral of the tilted magnetization undulator is 0, and the movement direction of the electron beam after passing through the tilted magnetization undulator is consistent with the initial state, wherein the initial state characterizes the movement state of the electron beam before passing through the tilted magnetization undulator.

[0087] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the first permanent magnetic structure and the magnetic blocks at the ends of the third permanent magnetic structure are horizontally opposite, that is, the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the head end of the first permanent magnetic structure and the magnetic blocks at the head end of the third permanent magnetic structure are horizontally opposite, the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the tail end of the first permanent magnetic structure and the magnetic blocks at the tail end of the third permanent magnetic structure are horizontally opposite, and the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the second permanent magnetic structure and the magnetic blocks at the ends of the fourth permanent magnetic structure are horizontally opposite, that is, the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the head end of the second permanent magnetic structure and the magnetic blocks at the head end of the fourth permanent magnetic structure are horizontally opposite, and the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the tail end of the second permanent magnetic structure and the magnetic blocks at the tail end of the fourth permanent magnetic structure are horizontally opposite. For example, Figure 3a~3d Among the four permanent magnet structures shown in the figure, the magnetizing direction of the magnetic blocks at the head and tail ends of the first permanent magnet structure is -90°, the magnetizing direction of the magnetic blocks at the head and tail ends of the third permanent magnet structure is 90°, the magnetizing direction of the magnetic blocks at the head and tail ends of the second permanent magnet structure is -90°, and the magnetizing direction of the magnetic blocks at the head and tail ends of the fourth permanent magnet structure is 90°.

[0088] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the head and tail ends of the first permanent magnet structure located in the fourth quadrant and the fourth permanent magnet structure located in the third quadrant can be the same, and the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the head and tail ends of the second permanent magnet structure located in the first quadrant and the third permanent magnet structure located in the second quadrant can be the same.

[0089] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the magnetizing directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the first permanent magnet structure and the magnetic blocks at the ends of the third permanent magnet structure are horizontally opposite, and the magnetizing directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the second permanent magnet structure and the magnetic blocks at the ends of the fourth permanent magnet structure are horizontally opposite, so that the magnetizing directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the four rows of permanent magnet structures are opposite to each other, and the multiple integral fields generated by the multiple groups of permanent magnet structures cancel each other out, and the first integral of the inclined magnetization undulator is zero, so as to achieve the effect that the movement direction of the electron beam after passing through the inclined magnetization undulator remains consistent with the initial state.

[0090] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the tilted magnetization undulator also includes a movable connecting structure for adjusting the gaps between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction and the phases between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the direction of the central axis, so that the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state, while making the velocity direction of the electron beam away from the central axis, thereby reducing the thermal load of the tilted magnetization undulator.

[0091] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the intensity of the magnetic field and the energy of the resonant photons can be adjusted by adjusting the gaps between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction, and the polarization state of the synchrotron radiation light can be adjusted by adjusting the phases between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the direction of the central axis.

[0092] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the gap between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction (y direction) is adjusted to a range of 17 mm to 180 mm, and the phase between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the central axis direction (z direction) is adjusted to a range of -168 mm to 168 mm.

[0093] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by adjusting the movable connecting structure to adjust the distance of the gap between the second permanent magnet structure, the third permanent magnet structure and the first permanent magnet structure, the fourth permanent magnet structure in the vertical direction (y direction), the magnetic field strength generated by the magnetic block can be changed, thereby adjusting the resonant photon energy of the output synchrotron radiation light, wherein, the smaller the distance of the gap between the second permanent magnet structure, the third permanent magnet structure and the first permanent magnet structure, the fourth permanent magnet structure, the greater the magnetic field strength generated by the magnetic block, and the lower the resonant photon energy output by the tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization; the larger the distance of the gap between the second permanent magnet structure, the third permanent magnet structure and the first permanent magnet structure, the fourth permanent magnet structure, the smaller the magnetic field strength generated by the magnetic block, and the higher the resonant photon energy output by the tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization. For example, in the case where the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization is in circular polarization mode, the gap between the first permanent magnetic structure and the third permanent magnetic structure in the y direction and the corresponding photon energy can be: 17 mm - 5.4 eV, 37 mm - 14.55 eV, 45 mm - 21.6 eV, 59 mm– 43 eV, 75 mm – 82 eV, 81 mm - 103.6 eV, 90 mm - 132.65 eV; in the case where the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization is in vertical linear polarization mode, the gap between the first permanent magnetic structure and the third permanent magnetic structure in the y direction and the corresponding photon energy can be: 20 mm - 5.45 eV, 40 mm – 20 eV, 60 mm - 58.75 eV,66 mm – 77 eV, 74 mm – 105 eV, 81 mm - 132.5 eV. When the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization is in the horizontal linear polarization mode, the gap between the first permanent magnetic structure and the third permanent magnetic structure in the y direction and the corresponding photon energy can be: 17 mm - 6eV, 42 mm – 14 eV, 52 mm – 20 eV, 70 mm – 40 eV, 84mm – 63 eV, 93 mm – 82 eV, 100 mm – 100 eV, 112 mm - 132eV.

[0094] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, while fixing the phases of any two diagonal permanent magnetic structures, the movable connecting structure is adjusted to adjust the phases of the remaining permanent magnetic structures in the direction of the central axis (z direction), so that the tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization can generate a composite magnetic field with different distributions, and the polarization state of the synchrotron radiation light can be switched between horizontal linear polarization, vertical linear polarization, and circular polarization. For example, when the gap in the y direction of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization is 17 mm, when the phase shift between the second permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure and / or the first permanent magnet structure and the fourth permanent magnet structure is 0, horizontal linear polarized light is emitted; when it is necessary to switch to the vertical linear polarization mode, the first permanent magnet structure can be moved 84 mm along the positive direction of the z-axis, and the third permanent magnet structure can be moved 84 mm along the negative direction of the z-axis (approximately 6 longitudinal dimensions of the magnet blocks); in the circular polarization mode, both arrays can be moved 33.6 mm along the negative direction of the z-axis (approximately 2.4 longitudinal dimensions of the magnet blocks). Furthermore, in order to improve the radiation performance of the tilted magnetized undulator, the gap and phase shift of the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure in the circular polarization mode of the tilted magnetized undulator can be different under different working gaps. When the gap between the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure is 17 mm, the translation between the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure can be 33.6 mm. When the gap between the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure is 37 mm, the array can be translated to 44.8 mm, when the gap between the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure is 45 mm, the translation between the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure can be 47.6 mm, when the gap between the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure is 59 mm, the translation between the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure can be 53.2 mm, when the gap between the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure is 75 mm, the translation between the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure can be 56 mm, and when the gap between the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure is 81 mm and 90 mm, the translation between the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure can be 58.8 mm.

[0095] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the phases of multiple groups of permanent magnet structures can be adjusted, by adjusting the movable connecting structure to simultaneously adjust the phase between the second permanent magnet structure relative to the third permanent magnet structure and the first permanent magnet structure relative to the fourth permanent magnet structure in the direction of the central axis (z direction), synchrotron radiation light with a polarization state at any angle can be generated in the electron beam vacuum chamber, so that synchrotron radiation light with a predetermined polarization state can be output.

[0096] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, when the second permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure and / or the first permanent magnet structure and the fourth permanent magnet structure are simultaneously moved in the same direction to adjust the phase between each other, the synchrotron radiation light in the electron beam vacuum chamber can be converted from horizontal linear polarization to elliptical polarization, then from elliptical polarization to circular polarization, and then from circular polarization to vertical linear polarization. When the second permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure and / or the first permanent magnet structure and the fourth permanent magnet structure are simultaneously moved in opposite directions to adjust the phase between each other, the synchrotron radiation light in the electron beam vacuum chamber can be converted from horizontal linear polarization to vertical linear polarization.

[0097] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the gap between two groups of adjacent permanent magnetic structures in the horizontal direction (x direction) ranges from 1 mm to 10 mm. Preferably, the gap between two groups of adjacent permanent magnetic structures in the horizontal direction (x direction) can be 6.5 mm. In a tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization, the gap between two groups of adjacent permanent magnetic structures in the horizontal direction (x direction) is usually fixed and cannot be adjusted.

[0098] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the tilted magnetized undulator may further include a movable connecting structure. By adjusting the gaps between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction and the phases of the gaps between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the direction of the central axis, the tilted magnetized undulator can generate a variety of distributed composite magnetic fields, so that the electron beam can emit synchrotron radiation light with a predetermined polarization state, and at the same time, the speed direction of the electron beam can be moved away from the central axis of the tilted magnetized undulator, so as to reduce the heat load near the central axis, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the heat load of the tilted magnetized undulator. Furthermore, by changing the gaps and relative phases between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures, the magnetic field strength and the resonant photon energy of the output synchrotron radiation light can be changed, and the polarization state of the synchrotron radiation light can be switched.

[0099] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an undulator may include: a tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization of multiple periods.

[0100] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the undulator may include a tilted magnetization undulator with adjustable polarization of 14 periods.

[0101] Figure 4a A schematic diagram schematically shows the magnetic field distribution of the horizontal linear polarization mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4b A schematic diagram schematically shows the magnetic field distribution of a vertical linear polarization mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4c A schematic diagram schematically shows the magnetic field distribution of a circular polarization mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0102] like Figure 4a~4c As shown, Figure 4a~4cThe figure shows the magnetic field distribution in different polarization modes when the gap between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction is 17 mm. B can be characterized as the magnetic field intensity, Bx[T] can be characterized as the distribution of magnetic field intensity along the x direction, By[T] can be characterized as the distribution of magnetic field intensity along the y direction, and z can be characterized as the direction of the central axis, that is, the direction of the electron beam. Under a 2.2 GeV electron beam, the synchrotron radiation photon energy output by the tilted magnetized undulator can be about 5~6 eV. It can be seen from the figure that in the horizontal linear polarization mode, the distribution of magnetic field intensity along the y direction is more volatile and the field strength is stronger. In the vertical linear polarization mode, the distribution of magnetic field intensity along the x direction is more volatile and the field strength is stronger. In the circular polarization mode, the field strength of the magnetic field intensity in the x and y directions is similar.

[0103] Figure 5a The diagram schematically shows the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output by the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization under horizontal linear polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5b The diagram schematically shows the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output by the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization under vertical linear polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5c The diagram schematically shows the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output by the polarization-adjustable tilted magnetized undulator in the case of circular polarization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0104] like Figure 5a~5c As shown, Figure 5a~5c The figure shows the relationship between the energy and flux of photons in different polarization modes when the gap between multiple groups of permanent magnetic structures in the vertical direction is 17 mm. The horizontal axis can be represented by energy, the vertical axis on the left can be represented by flux, and the vertical axis on the right can be represented by polarization degree. The circled position is the maximum value of the flux of photons in this mode. For linear polarization modes, that is, horizontal linear polarization mode and vertical linear polarization mode, the absolute value of polarization degree is close to 100%. When the polarization degree is positive, it is horizontal linear polarization, and when it is negative, it is vertical linear polarization. For circular polarization mode, when the polarization degree is positive, it is right-handed circular polarization, and when it is negative, it is left-handed circular polarization. It can be seen from the figure that no matter in which polarization mode, the flux of photons output by the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization of the present application is very high, and the polarization degree of the output light is also high.

[0105] Figure 6 The diagram schematically shows the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output in different polarization modes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0106] like Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6The relationship between the energy and flux of photons output under different polarization modes is shown. The horizontal axis can be represented by the photon energy, the vertical axis can be represented by the flux, H can be represented by the horizontal linear polarization mode, V can be represented by the vertical linear polarization mode, and C can be represented by the circular polarization mode. The photon flux of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization in the vertical linear polarization mode is as high as 0.95×10 15 (Unit: ph·s -1 0.1% bw -1 ), the maximum photon flux in the horizontal linear polarization mode is close to 1.05×10 15 (Unit: ph·s -1 0.1% bw -1 ), the photon flux in circular polarization mode is as high as 1.6×10 15 (Unit: ph·s -1 0.1% bw -1 ), this result is much greater than that of the prior art undulator with the same parameters. It can be seen that the polarization-adjustable tilted magnetized undulator of the present application has a higher photon flux in the circular polarization mode.

[0107] Figure 7 The diagram schematically shows the relationship between the energy of photons output in different polarization modes and the absolute value of the polarization degree according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0108] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The figure shows the relationship between the energy of photons output in different polarization modes and the absolute value of polarization degree. The horizontal axis can be represented by the photon energy, the vertical axis can be represented by the absolute value of polarization degree, H can be represented by the horizontal linear polarization mode, V can be represented by the vertical linear polarization mode, and C can be represented by the circular polarization mode. The linear polarization degree of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization is always not less than 99% in the vertical linear polarization mode, and the average value fluctuates around 99.4%. The linear polarization degree in the horizontal linear polarization mode is always not less than 98.7%, and the average value fluctuates around 99.5%. The circular polarization degree in the circular polarization mode is always not less than 99%, and the average value fluctuates around 99.5%.

[0109] Figure 8 The diagram schematically shows the relationship between the energy and power of photons output in different polarization modes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0110] like Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8The figure shows the relationship between the energy of photons output in different polarization modes and the power of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization. The horizontal axis can be represented by photon energy, and the vertical axis can be represented by power. H can be represented by the horizontal linear polarization mode, V can be represented by the vertical linear polarization mode, and C can be represented by the circular polarization mode. In the circular polarization mode, the power of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization is the lowest, in the horizontal linear polarization mode, the power of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization is the highest, and in the vertical linear polarization mode, the power of the tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization is between the horizontal linear polarization mode and the circular polarization mode.

[0111] Figure 9a A schematic diagram schematically shows the power density distribution of the horizontal linear polarization mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 9b A schematic diagram schematically shows the power density distribution of the vertical linear polarization mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.9c A schematic diagram schematically shows the power density distribution of a circular polarization mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0112] like Figure 9a~9c As shown, Figure 9a~9c The thermal display of power density distribution of three different polarization modes in the case where the gap between multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction is 17 mm is shown. The horizontal axis can be represented as the power density in the x-direction, and the vertical axis can be represented as the power density in the y-direction. It can be seen from the figure that the velocity direction of the electron beam can be away from the central axis of the tilted magnetization undulator, thereby reducing the heat load near the central axis, which can achieve the effect of reducing the heat load of the tilted magnetization undulator.

[0113] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present disclosure may be combined and / or combined in a variety of ways, even if such combinations and / or combinations are not explicitly described in the present disclosure. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present disclosure may be combined and / or combined in a variety of ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present disclosure. All of these combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0114] The above specific embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present disclosure in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A polarization-adjustable tilted magnetization undulator, comprising: An electron beam vacuum chamber, used for transmitting an electron beam flow, so that the electron beam flow emits synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state under the action of a magnetic field in a vacuum environment; A plurality of groups of permanent magnetic structures are respectively arranged in four quadrants of a rectangular coordinate system established with the electron beam vacuum chamber as the center, each group of the permanent magnetic structures comprises a tilted magnetized magnetic block unit and an additional magnetized magnetic block unit, and the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit and the additional magnetized magnetic block unit are arranged in a staggered manner; Wherein, when the electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the inclined magnetized magnetic block unit causes the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state, and at the same time, the lateral velocity of the electron beam is adjusted in combination with the additional magnetized magnetic block unit so that the velocity direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis of the inclined magnetized undulator.

2. The inclined magnetization undulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The additional magnetized magnetic block unit includes a plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks, and the plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks include a plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with vertical magnetization directions and a plurality of additional magnetic field magnetic blocks with horizontal magnetization directions; When the electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field magnet block in the horizontal magnetization direction, combined with the magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field magnet block in the vertical magnetization direction, jointly make the velocity direction of the electron beam move away from the central axis of the inclined magnetization undulator.

3. The inclined magnetization undulator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inclined magnetized magnetic block unit includes a plurality of inclined magnetized magnetic blocks, each of which includes a main magnetic field magnetic block and an additional magnetic field magnetic block; The magnetizing direction of the inclined magnetizing magnetic block is obtained by superimposing the magnetizing direction of the main magnetic field magnetic block and the magnetizing direction of the additional magnetic field magnetic block, thereby generating a magnetic field inclined relative to the magnetic field direction of the main magnetic field magnetic block, so that when the electron beam flow is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the electron beam flow emits the synchrotron radiation light of the predetermined polarization state.

4. The inclined magnetization undulator according to claim 3, characterized in that: In any group of the permanent magnet structures, the ratio of the total number of the main magnetic field magnetic blocks to the total number of the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks is 2:3, and the ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field magnetic blocks to the period length of the additional magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field magnetic blocks is 3:

2.

5. The inclined magnetization undulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple groups of permanent magnetic structures include a first permanent magnetic structure located in the fourth quadrant, a second permanent magnetic structure located in the first quadrant, a third permanent magnetic structure located in the second quadrant, and a fourth permanent magnetic structure located in the third quadrant; The magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the first permanent magnetic structure and the magnetic blocks at the ends of the third permanent magnetic structure are horizontally opposite, and the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the second permanent magnetic structure and the magnetic blocks at the ends of the fourth permanent magnetic structure are horizontally opposite, so that the multiple integral fields generated by the multiple groups of permanent magnetic structures cancel each other out, the first integral of the inclined magnetization undulator is 0, and the movement direction of the electron beam after passing through the inclined magnetization undulator remains consistent with the initial state, wherein the initial state represents the movement state of the electron beam before passing through the inclined magnetization undulator.

6. The inclined magnetization undulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tilted magnetization undulator further includes a movable connection structure for adjusting the gaps between the multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction and the phases between the multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the direction of the central axis, so that the electron beam emits the synchrotron radiation light of the predetermined polarization state, and at the same time, the speed direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis, thereby reducing the heat load of the tilted magnetization undulator; Among them, the strength of the magnetic field and the energy of the resonant photons are adjusted by adjusting the gaps between the multiple groups of permanent magnetic structures in the vertical direction, and the polarization state of the synchrotron radiation light is adjusted by adjusting the phases between the multiple groups of permanent magnetic structures in the direction of the central axis.

7. The inclined magnetization undulator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The range of adjusting the gap between the multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction is 17mm~180mm, and the range of adjusting the phase between the multiple groups of permanent magnet structures in the direction of the central axis is -168mm~168mm.

8. The inclined magnetization undulator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tilt angle range of the magnetization direction of the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit is 0° to 30°.

9. The inclined magnetization undulator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The size range of the additional magnetic field magnetic block in the horizontal direction and the size range of the vertical direction are both 3mm~40mm, and the size range of the inclined magnetization magnetic block in the horizontal direction and the size range of the vertical direction are both 20mm~60mm.

10. An undulator, characterized in that: include: A plurality of groups of polarization-adjustable tilted magnetization undulators as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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