Soilless culture method for peach trees and application of soilless culture method

Abstract

The invention discloses a soilless culture method for peach trees and application of the soilless culture method. Belongs to the technical field of plant soilless culture. The method depends on water and fertilizer control, the natural flowering rate is high, and no residual risk exists. In addition, more sufficient mineral nutrition can be provided for the peach trees, a better rhizosphere environment is created for the peach trees, pest and disease control is facilitated, the fruit quality is good, the planting method is simple, meanwhile, physiological disorders caused by facility peach continuous cropping obstacles and soil salt accumulation are avoided, commercialized pollution-free production of the facility peaches is achieved, and the method is suitable for popularization and application. The method has the characteristics of water saving, fertilizer saving, environmental protection and high efficiency, and has wide popularization and application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant soilless cultivation, and more particularly to a soilless cultivation method for peach trees and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soilless cultivation technology refers to a cultivation method that does not use natural soil, but plants are planted in a water solution or a certain matrix containing dissolved minerals, and nutrient solution is regularly irrigated to provide mineral nutrition for crops. Soilless cultivation technology can effectively overcome soil-borne diseases and soil salinization problems, solve soil limitations, avoid various problems caused by repeated cropping, and also reduce soil pollution, avoid soil pollution caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, greatly improve production efficiency, reduce resource waste, and promote plant production and income. It is a new agricultural planting method.

[0003] The current soilless cultivation methods, whether liquid culture or matrix cultivation, need to change the nutrient solution formula according to the different needs of crops for various mineral nutrients at different growth stages. They require special fertilizer dispensing devices and facilities for regular irrigation of nutrient solution. At the same time, they need to regularly test the nutrient solution. The required facilities are complex and technically difficult, which is difficult for ordinary people to master. In addition, soilless cultivation requires high investment for automatic water and fertilizer preparation and irrigation. Due to strict technical barriers and high investment, it is difficult to popularize production. At present, soilless cultivation in my country is only used for scientific research and sightseeing agriculture, and it is difficult to really popularize it in ordinary agricultural production. Moreover, the current soilless cultivation method has restrictions on plant species. The plants commonly used for soilless cultivation are mainly some vegetables, flowers, and plants such as Brazilian wood, while there are few reports on soilless cultivation of plants like peach trees.

[0004] Therefore, it is a technical problem that technicians in this field need to solve urgently to provide a soilless cultivation method for peach trees that is simple to operate, low in cost, and does not require complex facilities and is suitable for ordinary agricultural production. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a soilless cultivation method for peach trees and its application. The present invention relies on water and fertilizer control, has a high natural flowering rate, and has no residual risk. In addition, the present invention can also provide peach trees with more sufficient mineral nutrition, create a better rhizosphere environment for peach trees, is conducive to disease and insect pest control, has good fruit quality, and has a simple planting method. At the same time, it avoids the obstacle of continuous cropping of facility peaches and the physiological obstacle caused by soil salt accumulation, realizes the commercial pollution-free production of facility peaches, has the characteristics of water saving, fertilizer saving, environmental protection, high efficiency, and low cost, and has broad prospects for promotion and application.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A soilless cultivation method for peach trees comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Selection of substrate and container: Select a substrate with good air permeability and ground fixation, and a container with good air permeability for use;

[0009] (2) Planting of seedlings: Fill the container with substrate and plant the peach seedlings in the container. After planting, cover the substrate with a layer of loose, breathable, non-water-conducting river sand or coarse fiber coconut bran;

[0010] (3) Water management after planting: After planting, irrigate once and then carry out water management. During the water management process, drought stress is applied from mid-July to mid-August after the saplings are planted and during the maturity period of the fruiting trees.

[0011] (4) Fertilizer management after transplanting: After transplanting, wait until the new shoots of the peach seedlings grow to 3-5 cm, then start fertilizer management by applying bagged slow-release fertilizer.

[0012] Preferably, the matrix in step (1) is a mixture of river sand and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 1:0.5-1; or a mixture of coarse coconut husk and fine coconut husk in a volume ratio of 1:0.6-1; and air holes are present at the bottom and lower side of the container.

[0013] The beneficial effect of the above operation is that although pure river sand is loose and breathable and can meet daily production needs, it has poor water retention capacity. After mixing river sand and vermiculite in the above volume ratio, the air permeability and water retention performance are good.

[0014] Preferably, the total filling amount of the matrix in step (2) is: filled to 5-10 cm from the upper edge of the container; the process of planting the peach seedlings is as follows: first, 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the total filling amount of the matrix is ​​filled in the container, then the seedling roots are placed on the surface of the filled matrix, then the remaining matrix is ​​filled, and finally a 3-5 cm layer of river sand or coarse fiber coconut bran is covered on the surface of the matrix.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the above operation are that the river sand and coarse fiber coconut bran covering the surface are loose and breathable and control the outward conduction of moisture.

[0016] Preferably, the amount of water for each irrigation after planting in step (3) is controlled to ensure that the matrix fully absorbs water without excess water seeping out; after planting, the time for the next irrigation and the total irrigation frequency are determined based on whether the matrix within 5 cm of the surface can squeeze out water; the degree of drought stress is based on the principle that the aboveground part does not wilt.

[0017] Preferably, the bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer in step (4) comprises bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 and bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2, and the specific ingredients and weight ratios are as follows:

[0018] Formula of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1:

[0019] ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: chelated iron = 30-40:1 compound;

[0020] ② Potassium nitrate: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate = 3.5-4:1:4-5 compound;

[0021] ③ Borax decahydrate: manganese sulfate monohydrate: zinc sulfate heptahydrate: copper sulfate pentahydrate: sodium molybdate dihydrate = 130-140: 100-110: 10-11: 4: 1 compound;

[0022] Formula of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2:

[0023] ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: potassium nitrate: chelated iron = 60:5:2 compound;

[0024] ② Potassium nitrate: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate = 6:2:5 compound;

[0025] ③ Boric acid decahydrate: manganese sulfate monohydrate: zinc sulfate heptahydrate: copper sulfate pentahydrate: sodium molybdate dihydrate = 11-11.5:30-31:36-37:3-3.5:2 compound;

[0026] When using, prepare ① in different formulas according to proportion, mix thoroughly and make 30g / bag, which is bag A fertilizer; prepare ② and ③ in formulas according to proportion respectively and mix thoroughly, make 30g②+0.3g③ / bag, which is bag B fertilizer.

[0027] Preferably, the fertilization scheme can be determined according to different tree ages and different growth stages; the fertilization scheme can also be determined according to the detection of the substrate aqueous solution.

[0028] Further preferably, the fertilization scheme determined according to different tree ages and different growth periods is as follows:

[0029] For young trees: Apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 5 times in one growth cycle

[0030] The first time is 15 to 20 days after transplanting, in early April, when the new shoots of the transplanted saplings grow to about 5 cm, start applying bagged slow-release fertilizer 1.

[0031] The second time, in mid-May, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 1;

[0032] The third time, in early July, applied bagged slow-release fertilizer 2;

[0033] The fourth time, in mid-August, applied bagged slow-release fertilizer 2;

[0034] The fifth time, in early October, applied bagged slow-release fertilizer 1;

[0035] For fruiting trees: Apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 7 times in one growth cycle

[0036] The first time, from early March to before budding, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 1;

[0037] The second time, after the flowers fall in mid-April, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 2;

[0038] The third time, in mid-May, during the young fruit development period, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 2;

[0039] The fourth time, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 2 in early June when the early-maturing varieties are in the fruit expansion stage, and in mid-June when the medium- and late-maturing varieties are in the fruit expansion stage;

[0040] The fifth time, early July for early-maturing varieties and mid-July for medium- and late-maturing varieties, when the fruit changes color and matures, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 2;

[0041] The sixth time, after harvesting in mid-August, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 1;

[0042] The 7th time, before leaf fall in early October, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 1.

[0043] Further preferably, the fertilization scheme determined according to the detection of the substrate aqueous solution is as follows:

[0044] 15-20 days after the saplings are planted, in early April, when the new shoots of the planted saplings grow to about 3-5 cm, the first fertilization begins, using bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1; for fruit trees, in early March to before budding, the first fertilization begins, using bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1;

[0045] About 20 to 30 days after fertilization, after sufficient irrigation, test the EC value of the substrate water solution. When the EC value is greater than 1.0, no fertilizer is added;

[0046] When 0.5≤EC value≤1.0, it depends on the growth period of peach trees. If it is in the key period of fruit development and new shoots, it is necessary to add bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2, and no fertilizer is added at other times;

[0047] When the EC value is less than 0.5, additional fertilizer should be added. Appropriate fertilizer should be selected based on the tree age and time. For young trees, bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2 should be selected from July to August, and bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 should be selected at other times. For fruiting trees, bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2 should be selected from mid-April to mid-July, and bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 should be selected at other times.

[0048] Preferably, the application amount of fertilizer in the fertilization scheme determined according to different tree ages and different growth periods and the fertilization scheme determined according to the detection of the substrate aqueous solution is as follows: the application amount of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 and bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2 are determined according to the trunk diameter of the peach tree. When the trunk diameter is 1 to 3 cm, the application amount is 1 bag of A bag fertilizer / time, 1 bag of B bag fertilizer / time; when the trunk diameter is 3 to 5 cm, the application amount is 2 bags of A bag fertilizer / time, 2 bags of B bag fertilizer / time; when the trunk diameter is greater than 5 cm, the application amount is 3 bags of A bag fertilizer / time, 3 bags of B bag fertilizer / time. Another object of the present invention is to provide: the application of the above-mentioned soilless cultivation method in peach planting.

[0049] It can be seen from the above technical solution that compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] (1) The present invention prepares fertilizers according to the growth and development rules of peach trees to make bag-controlled slow-release fertilizers, which replace traditional nutrient solutions to supplement various mineral nutrients. No fertilization facilities or equipment are required, and the fertilizer application process is simple, convenient, and low in cost. During the application process, water enters the bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer through the micropores on the bag, and the fertilizer in the bag forms a saturated solution and is slowly released through the micropores, which can meet the growth and development needs of peach trees and reduce the occurrence of fertilizer damage.

[0051] (2) In addition, the present invention can achieve a high flowering rate in the same year of peach planting, and can achieve flowering and fruiting in the same year in the greenhouse, which is one year earlier than the existing technology and has good early fruiting. Conventional facility peach cultivation requires continuous reliance on PP 333 The invention relies on water and fertilizer control, and has a high natural flowering rate, without the need for PP. 333 Promote flowering without residue risk. Since water and fertilizer are easy to control for fruit-bearing trees, the water and fertilizer concentration can be increased during the fruiting period to increase the amount of fruit, the speed of fruit expansion and the sweetness, and prevent large and small fruits and premature aging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0053] Figure 1 The effect of different treatment groups on peach fruit setting rate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] A soilless cultivation method for peach trees comprises the following steps:

[0057] (1) Selection of substrate and container: river sand and vermiculite were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:0.5 as the substrate, and a plastic pot with many air holes at the bottom and underside was selected as the potting container. A layer of non-woven fabric was laid at the bottom of the potting container to prevent leakage of the substrate in the later stage;

[0058] (2) Planting of seedlings: Fill the container with 1 / 4 of the total amount of matrix, simply trim the seedling roots to an appropriate length according to the diameter and depth of the container, then place the seedling roots on the surface of the filled matrix, and then fill the remaining matrix to 5 cm from the upper edge of the container, and then cover the surface of the matrix with a 3 cm layer of river sand so that the root of the peach tree is flush with the top layer of the matrix;

[0059] (3) Water management after planting: After planting, traditional drip irrigation technology is used. Irrigate once first. The amount of irrigation is controlled to ensure that the substrate can fully absorb water without excess water seeping out. When the substrate within 5 cm of the surface cannot squeeze out water, irrigate in time. The irrigation amount is the same as above. Drought stress is applied from mid-July to mid-August after the saplings are planted and during the maturity period of the fruiting trees to promote flower bud differentiation, increase the sugar content of the fruit, and improve the quality. The degree of drought is based on the principle that the aboveground part does not wilt. Generally, it is appropriate to irrigate once every 3 to 4 days in spring and autumn, and once a day in summer.

[0060] (4) Fertilizer management after planting:

[0061] For young trees: Apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 5 times in one growth cycle

[0062] The first time is 15 to 20 days after transplanting, in early April, when the new shoots of the transplanted saplings grow to about 5 cm, start applying bagged slow-release fertilizer 1.

[0063] The second time, in mid-May, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 1;

[0064] The third time, in early July, applied bagged slow-release fertilizer 2;

[0065] The fourth time, in mid-August, applied bagged slow-release fertilizer 2;

[0066] The fifth time, in early October, applied bagged slow-release fertilizer 1;

[0067] For fruiting trees: Apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 7 times in one growth cycle

[0068] The first time, before budding in early March, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 1;

[0069] The second time, after the flowers fall in mid-April, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 2;

[0070] The third time, in mid-May, during the young fruit development period, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 2;

[0071] The fourth time, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 2 in early June when the early-maturing varieties are in the fruit expansion stage, and in mid-June when the medium- and late-maturing varieties are in the fruit expansion stage;

[0072] The fifth time, early July for early-maturing varieties and mid-July for medium- and late-maturing varieties, when the fruit changes color and matures, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 2;

[0073] The sixth time, after harvesting in mid-August, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 1;

[0074] The 7th time, before leaf fall in early October, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 1.

[0075] Formula of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 used:

[0076] ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: chelated iron = 30:1 compound;

[0077] ② Potassium nitrate: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate = 3.5:1:4 compound;

[0078] ③ Borax decahydrate: manganese sulfate monohydrate: zinc sulfate heptahydrate: copper sulfate pentahydrate: sodium molybdate dihydrate = 130:100:10:4:1 compound;

[0079] Formula of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2:

[0080] ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: potassium nitrate: chelated iron = 60:5:2 compound;

[0081] ② Potassium nitrate: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate = 6:2:5 compound;

[0082] ③ Boric acid decahydrate: manganese sulfate monohydrate: zinc sulfate heptahydrate: copper sulfate pentahydrate: sodium molybdate dihydrate = 11:30:36:3:2 compound;

[0083] When using, mix the formula ① in proportion, mix thoroughly and make 30g / bag, which is bag A fertilizer; mix the formula ② and ③ in proportion respectively, make 30g②+0.3g③ / bag, which is bag B fertilizer;

[0084] The application amount for young trees and fruiting trees is as follows: The application amount of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 and bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2 is determined according to the trunk diameter of the peach tree. When the trunk diameter is 1-3 cm, the amount is 1 bag of bag A fertilizer / time and 1 bag of bag B fertilizer / time; when the trunk diameter is 3-5 cm, the amount is 2 bags of bag A fertilizer / time and 2 bags of bag B fertilizer / time; when the trunk diameter is greater than 5 cm, the amount is 3 bags of bag A fertilizer / time and 3 bags of bag B fertilizer / time.

[0085] There are 6 rows of micropores evenly punched on the front and back of the controlled-release bag, with a micropore diameter of 0.2mm and a micropore spacing of 0.5cm. The bag is 9cm wide and 12cm long. The controlled-release fertilizer is sealed on the outside. Remove the outer sealed bag before use, and apply bags A and B at the same time. Bury the whole bag in the substrate to a depth of 3-5cm. Take out the empty paper bag for the next fertilization.

[0086] Shaping, pruning, flower and fruit management, and disease and pest control are carried out in the same way as conventional potted peach trees.

[0087] Example 2

[0088] A soilless cultivation method for peach trees comprises the following steps:

[0089] (1) Selection of substrate and container: Coarse coconut husk and fine coconut husk were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:0.6 as the substrate, and a plastic pot with many air holes at the bottom and underside was selected as the potting container. A layer of non-woven fabric was laid at the bottom of the potting container to prevent leakage of the substrate in the later stage;

[0090] (2) Planting of seedlings: Fill the container with 1 / 3 of the total amount of matrix, simply trim the seedling roots to an appropriate length according to the diameter and depth of the container, then place the seedling roots on the surface of the filled matrix, and then fill the remaining matrix to 10 cm from the upper edge of the container, and then cover the surface of the matrix with a 5 cm layer of river sand so that the root of the peach tree is flush with the top layer of the matrix;

[0091] (3) Water management after planting: After planting, traditional drip irrigation technology is used. Irrigate once first. The amount of irrigation is controlled to ensure that the substrate can fully absorb water without excess water seeping out. When the substrate within 5 cm of the surface cannot squeeze out water, irrigate in time. The irrigation amount is the same as above. Drought stress is applied from mid-July to mid-August after the saplings are planted and during the maturity period of the fruiting trees to promote flower bud differentiation, increase the sugar content of the fruit, and improve the quality. The degree of drought is based on the principle that the aboveground part does not wilt. Generally, it is appropriate to irrigate once every 3 to 4 days in spring and autumn, and once a day in summer.

[0092] (4) Fertilizer management after planting: After planting, wait until the new shoots of the peach seedlings grow to 5 cm. Determine the specific fertilization plan based on the EC value of the substrate water solution:

[0093] 15-20 days after the saplings are planted, in early April, when the new shoots of the planted saplings grow to about 3-5 cm, the first fertilization begins, using bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1; for fruit trees, in early March to before budding, the first fertilization begins, using bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1;

[0094] About 20 to 30 days after fertilization, after sufficient irrigation, test the EC value of the substrate water solution. When the EC value is greater than 1.0, no fertilizer is added;

[0095] When 0.5≤EC value≤1.0, it depends on the growth period of peach trees. If it is in the key period of fruit development and new shoots, it is necessary to add bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2, and no fertilizer is added at other times;

[0096] When the EC value is less than 0.5, additional fertilizer should be added. Appropriate fertilizer should be selected based on the tree age and time. For young trees, bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2 should be selected from July to August, and bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 should be selected at other times. For fruiting trees, bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2 should be selected from mid-April to mid-July, and bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 should be selected at other times.

[0097] Formula of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 used:

[0098] ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: chelated iron = 40:1 compound;

[0099] ② Potassium nitrate: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate = 4:1:5 compound;

[0100] ③ Borax decahydrate: manganese sulfate monohydrate: zinc sulfate heptahydrate: copper sulfate pentahydrate: sodium molybdate dihydrate = 140:110:11:4:1 compound;

[0101] Formula of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2:

[0102] ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: potassium nitrate: chelated iron = 60:5:2 compound;

[0103] ② Potassium nitrate: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate = 6:2:5 compound;

[0104] ③ Boric acid decahydrate: manganese sulfate monohydrate: zinc sulfate heptahydrate: copper sulfate pentahydrate: sodium molybdate dihydrate = 11.5:31:37:3.5:2 compound;

[0105] When using, mix the formula ① in proportion, mix thoroughly and make 30g / bag, which is bag A fertilizer; mix the formula ② and ③ in proportion respectively, make 30g②+0.3g③ / bag, which is bag B fertilizer;

[0106] The application amount for young trees and fruiting trees is as follows: The application amount of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 and bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2 is determined according to the trunk diameter of the peach tree. When the trunk diameter is 1-3 cm, the amount is 1 bag of bag A fertilizer / time and 1 bag of bag B fertilizer / time; when the trunk diameter is 3-5 cm, the amount is 2 bags of bag A fertilizer / time and 2 bags of bag B fertilizer / time; when the trunk diameter is greater than 5 cm, the amount is 3 bags of bag A fertilizer / time and 3 bags of bag B fertilizer / time.

[0107] There are 6 rows of micropores evenly punched on the front and back of the controlled-release bag, with a micropore diameter of 0.2mm and a micropore spacing of 0.5cm. The bag is 9cm wide and 12cm long. The controlled-release fertilizer is sealed on the outside. Remove the outer sealed bag before use, and apply bags A and B at the same time. Bury the whole bag in the substrate to a depth of 3-5cm. Take out the empty paper bag for the next fertilization.

[0108] Shaping, pruning, flower and fruit management, and disease and pest control are carried out in the same way as conventional potted peach trees.

[0109] 1. Fertilizer formula effect verification experiment

[0110] (1) Impact on peach flowering rate

[0111] In order to verify the effects of the slow-release fertilizer formula 1 and the slow-release fertilizer formula 2 of the present invention, firstly, the fertilizer was prepared into a nutrient solution according to the above formula, as follows:

[0112] Slow-release fertilizer 1 formula nutrient solution (T1): 1040mg / L calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 544mg / L potassium nitrate, 136mg / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 680mg / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 26mg / L chelated iron, 2.8mg / L borax decahydrate, 2.2mg / L manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.22mg / L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.08mg / L copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.02mg / L sodium molybdate dihydrate. Regular irrigation of nutrient solution is used to supplement mineral nutrients, and the amount of fertilizer is 2L / pot, once every 2 days.

[0113] Slow-release fertilizer 2 formula nutrient solution (T2): 840mg / L calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 490mg / L potassium nitrate, 140mg / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 350mg / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 28mg / L chelated iron, 6.27mg / L borax decahydrate, 16.94mg / L manganese sulfate monohydrate, 20.165mg / L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 1.91mg / L copper sulfate pentahydrate, 1.09mg / L sodium molybdate dihydrate. Regular irrigation of nutrient solution is used to supplement mineral nutrients, and the amount of fertilizer is 2L / pot, once every 2 days.

[0114] Using potted sand-cultured 'Zhongyou Golden Crown' and 'Baojiahong' as test materials and Hoagland's universal nutrient solution as control (CK), two slow-release fertilizer formula nutrient solutions (T1) and (T2) were used for soilless cultivation of peaches. The peach buds were counted during the leaf fall period, and the peach fruit quality was measured during the fruit ripening period.

[0115] Table 1 Flowering rate of peaches treated with different nutrient solutions

[0116]

[0117] Result analysis: As shown in Table 1, the nutrient solution prepared by the slow-release fertilizer formula 1 and the slow-release fertilizer formula 2 of the present invention is used for soilless cultivation of peach, and its flowering rate is significantly higher than that of the Hoagland general formula nutrient solution. The test results show that the natural flowering rate of soilless cultivated peach is as low as 57.3%, and the flowering rate of the slow-release fertilizer formula nutrient solution is above 70%, which fully meets the production needs and does not require PP. 333 It can be seen that the formula of the slow-release fertilizer 1 and the formula of the slow-release fertilizer 2 of the present invention are superior to the general formula of Hogland in the prior art.

[0118] (2) Effect on peach fruit quality

[0119] Table 2 Fruit quality of 'Zhongyou Golden Crown'

[0120]

[0121] Table 3 Fruit quality of 'Baojiahong'

[0122]

[0123] Result analysis: As shown in Table 2 and Table 3, the nutrient solution prepared by the slow-release fertilizer formula 1 and the slow-release fertilizer formula 2 of the present invention was used for soilless cultivation of peach. The soluble solids of peach fruit were better than those of the control group, which was consistent with the characteristics of good intrinsic quality of potted peach fruit. In addition, the single fruit weight, fruit cross-diameter and soluble solids of peach fruit in the two self-formulated nutrient solutions were significantly higher than those in the Hoagland nutrient solution treatment.

[0124] 2. In order to further study the effects of different fertilizer forms and application methods on fertilizer efficiency, the following control experiment was set up:

[0125] This experiment uses 2-year-old fruit-bearing trees, soilless cultured 'Zhongtao Ziyu' and 'Zhongyou Pan 9' early and mid-ripening peach trees as test materials, and the following groups:

[0126] Experimental group 1 (T1): bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 (fertilizer in bag A and fertilizer in bag B were applied separately);

[0127] Experimental group 2 (T2): bagged slow-release fertilizer 1 (fertilizer in bag A and fertilizer in bag B were mixed and applied together);

[0128] The above two groups of experiments both prepared bagged slow-release fertilizers according to the slow-release fertilizer formula. Among them, formula 2 was used from mid-April after the flowers fell to July, and formula 1 was used for the rest of the time.

[0129] Formula of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1:

[0130] ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: chelated iron = 40:1 compound;

[0131] ② Potassium nitrate: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate = 4:1:5 compound;

[0132] ③ Borax decahydrate: manganese sulfate monohydrate: zinc sulfate heptahydrate: copper sulfate pentahydrate: sodium molybdate dihydrate = 140:110:11:4:1 compound;

[0133] Formula of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2:

[0134] ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: potassium nitrate: chelated iron = 60:5:2 compound;

[0135] ② Potassium nitrate: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate = 6:2:5 compound;

[0136] ③ Boric acid decahydrate: manganese sulfate monohydrate: zinc sulfate heptahydrate: copper sulfate pentahydrate: sodium molybdate dihydrate = 11.5:31:37:3.5:2 compound;

[0137] When using, prepare ① in different formulas according to proportion, mix thoroughly and make 30g / bag, which is bag A fertilizer; prepare ② and ③ in formulas according to proportion respectively and mix thoroughly, make 30g②+0.3g③ / bag, which is bag B fertilizer.

[0138] Experimental group 3 (CK): Nutrient solution was prepared according to the slow-release fertilizer formula, wherein formula 2 was used from mid-April after the flowers fell to July, and formula 1 was used for the rest of the time.

[0139] Slow-release fertilizer 1 formula nutrient solution (calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 1040g / L, potassium nitrate 544mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 136mg / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 680mg / L, chelated iron 26mg / L, borax decahydrate 2.8mg / L, manganese sulfate monohydrate 2.2mg / L, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 0.22mg / L, copper sulfate pentahydrate 0.08mg / L, sodium molybdate dihydrate 0.02mg / L).

[0140] Slow-release fertilizer formula 2 nutrient solution (T2): calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 840mg / L, potassium nitrate 490mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 140mg / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 350mg / L, chelated iron 28mg / L, borax decahydrate 6.27mg / L, manganese sulfate monohydrate 16.94mg / L, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 20.165mg / L, copper sulfate pentahydrate 1.91mg / L, sodium molybdate dihydrate 1.09mg / L.

[0141] To determine the effects of different groups on the fruit setting rate and fruit quality of soilless peach cultivation.

[0142] Table 4 Effects of different fertilization treatments on peach fruit quality

[0143]

[0144] Result analysis: Figure 1As shown, the fruit setting rate of peach trees between different treatments ranged from 36% to 52%. Significance analysis found that there was no significant difference in the fruit setting rate of peach trees between different treatments, indicating that the dosage form of fertilizer and different application methods do not affect the fruit setting rate of soilless peach cultivation.

[0145] Result analysis: As shown in Table 4, the single fruit weight and fruit longitudinal and transverse diameters of the fruit in the bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer separate bag treatment (T1) were significantly greater than those in the combined bag treatment (T2) and nutrient solution treatment (CK), while there was no significant difference between the latter two; there was no significant difference in the fruit shape index between the different treatments; there were significant differences in the soluble solids of peach fruit in the different treatments, among which the soluble solids of the bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer treatment (T1 and T2) were significantly greater than that of the nutrient solution (CK) treatment, and there was no significant difference between the combined bag (T1) and separate bag (T2) treatments of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer.

[0146] In summary, the bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer of the present invention can replace the nutrient solution to supplement the mineral nutrition of soilless peach culture.

[0147] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0148] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A soilless cultivation method for peach trees, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Selection of substrate and container: Select a substrate with good air permeability and ground fixation, and a container with good air permeability for use; (2) Planting of seedlings: Fill the container with substrate and plant the peach seedlings in the container. After planting, cover the substrate with a layer of loose, breathable, non-water-conducting river sand or coarse fiber coconut bran; (3) Water management after planting: After planting, irrigate once and then carry out water management. During the water management process, drought stress is applied from mid-July to mid-August after the saplings are planted and during the maturity period of the fruiting trees. (4) Fertilizer management after transplanting: After transplanting, wait until the new shoots of the peach seedlings grow to 3-5 cm, then start fertilizer management by applying bagged slow-release fertilizer.

2. The soilless cultivation method for peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix in step (1) is a mixture of river sand and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 1:0.5-1; or a mixture of coarse coconut husk and fine coconut husk in a volume ratio of 1:0.6-1; and air holes are provided at the bottom and the lower side of the container.

3. The soilless cultivation method of peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total filling amount of the matrix in step (2) is: filled to 5-10 cm from the upper edge of the container; the process of planting the peach seedlings is as follows: first, 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the total filling amount of the matrix is ​​filled in the container, then the seedling roots are placed on the surface of the filled matrix, then the remaining matrix is ​​filled, and finally a 3-5 cm layer of river sand or coarse fiber coconut bran is covered on the surface of the matrix.

4. The soilless cultivation method for peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the amount of water for each irrigation after planting is controlled to ensure that the substrate fully absorbs water without excess water seeping out; after planting, the time of the next irrigation and the total irrigation frequency are determined based on whether the substrate within 5 cm of the surface can squeeze out water; the degree of drought stress is based on the principle that the aboveground part does not wilt.

5. The soilless cultivation method for peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer in step (4) includes bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 and bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2, and the specific ingredients and weight ratios are as follows: Formula of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1: ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: chelated iron = 30-40:1 compound; ② Potassium nitrate: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate = 3.5-4:1:4-5 compound; ③ Borax decahydrate: manganese sulfate monohydrate: zinc sulfate heptahydrate: copper sulfate pentahydrate: sodium molybdate dihydrate = 130-140: 100-110: 10-11: 4: 1 compound; Formula of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2: ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: potassium nitrate: chelated iron = 60:5:2 compound; ② Potassium nitrate: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate = 6:2:5 compound; ③ Boric acid decahydrate: manganese sulfate monohydrate: zinc sulfate heptahydrate: copper sulfate pentahydrate: sodium molybdate dihydrate = 11-11.5:30-31:36-37:3-3.5:2 compound; When using, mix the formula ① in proportion, mix thoroughly and make 30g / bag, which is bag A fertilizer; mix the formula ② and ③ in proportion respectively, make 30g②+0.3g③ / bag, which is bag B fertilizer; There are 6 rows of micropores evenly punched on the front and back of the controlled-release bag, with a micropore diameter of 0.2mm and a micropore spacing of 0.5cm. The bag is 9cm wide and 12cm long. The controlled-release fertilizer is sealed on the outside. Remove the outer sealed bag before use, and apply bags A and B to the matrix at the same time.

6. The soilless cultivation method for peach trees according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fertilization plan can be determined according to different tree ages and different growth stages; the fertilization plan can also be determined based on the detection of the substrate water solution.

7. The soilless cultivation method for peach trees according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fertilization plan determined according to different tree ages and different growth periods is as follows: For young trees: Apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 5 times in one growth cycle The first time, 15 to 20 days after transplanting, in early April, when the new shoots of the transplanted saplings grow to about 3 to 5 cm, start applying bagged slow-release fertilizer 1; The second time, in mid-May, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 1; The third time, in early July, applied bagged slow-release fertilizer 2; The fourth time, in mid-August, applied bagged slow-release fertilizer 2; The fifth time, in early October, applied bagged slow-release fertilizer 1; For fruiting trees: Apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 7 times in one growth cycle The first time, from early March to before budding, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 1; The second time, after the flowers fall in mid-April, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 2; The third time, in mid-May, during the young fruit development period, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 2; The fourth time, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 2 in early June when the early-maturing varieties are in the fruit expansion stage, and in mid-June when the medium- and late-maturing varieties are in the fruit expansion stage; The fifth time, early July for early-maturing varieties and mid-July for medium- and late-maturing varieties, when the fruit changes color and matures, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 2; The sixth time, after harvesting in mid-August, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 1; The 7th time, before leaf fall in early October, apply bagged slow-release fertilizer 1.

8. The soilless cultivation method for peach trees according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fertilization scheme determined based on the test substrate aqueous solution is as follows: 15-20 days after the saplings are planted, in early April, when the new shoots of the planted saplings grow to about 3-5 cm, the first fertilization begins, using bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1; for fruit trees, in early March to before budding, the first fertilization begins, using bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1; About 20 to 30 days after fertilization, after sufficient irrigation, test the EC value of the substrate water solution. When the EC value is greater than 1.0, no fertilizer is added; When 0.5≤EC value≤1.0, it depends on the growth period of peach trees. If it is in the key period of fruit development and new shoots, it is necessary to add bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2, and no fertilizer is added at other times; When the EC value is less than 0.5, additional fertilizer should be added. Appropriate fertilizer should be selected based on the tree age and time. For young trees, bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2 should be selected from July to August, and bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 should be selected at other times. For fruiting trees, bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2 should be selected from mid-April to mid-July, and bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 should be selected at other times.

9. The soilless cultivation method for peach trees according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fertilizer application rates in the fertilization scheme determined according to different tree ages and different growth periods and the fertilization scheme determined according to the test substrate aqueous solution are as follows: the application rates of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 and bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2 are determined according to the trunk diameter of the peach tree. When the trunk diameter is 1-3 cm, the application rate is 1 bag of fertilizer A per time and 1 bag of fertilizer B per time; when the trunk diameter is 3-5 cm, the application rate is 2 bags of fertilizer A per time and 2 bags of fertilizer B per time; when the trunk diameter is greater than 5 cm, the application rate is 3 bags of fertilizer A per time and 3 bags of fertilizer B per time.

10. Application of the soilless culture method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in peach planting.

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