Photovoltaic module resource recycling system and recycling method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a photovoltaic module resource recycling system and recycling method, which relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module recycling, wherein the photovoltaic module includes a frame, glass, battery cells and a backboard. The present invention includes frame crushing and reuse, glass powder reuse, battery cell classification and reuse and backboard reuse. The photovoltaic module recycling pretreatment includes a recycling component and a multi-layer splitting component. The recycling component fixes the photovoltaic module and then removes the frame through a cutting knife and a rotating arc plate, thereby improving the frame removal efficiency and ensuring the frame removal effect. The multi-layer splitting component includes two groups of rotatable splitting knives, which can separate the glass, battery cells and backboard for subsequent recycling. A fixed component is provided on one side of the multi-layer splitting component, and the fixed component can ensure that the photovoltaic module will not shift when the splitting knife splits the photovoltaic module, thereby ensuring the accurate splitting of the photovoltaic module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module recycling, and in particular to a photovoltaic module resource recycling system and recycling method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, a large number of photovoltaic modules will face retirement after reaching the end of their service life. Photovoltaic modules include frames, glass, cells and backboards. A large amount of raw materials are used in the production process. By recycling these modules, the recycled materials re-enter the production chain to manufacture new photovoltaic modules or other products, thereby realizing the recycling of resources. The heavy metals and harmful substances in the modules may penetrate into the soil and groundwater, causing damage to the ecological environment. Traditional photovoltaic recycling modules often need to peel off both sides of the frame multiple times when peeling off the frame, and the dismantling efficiency is low. When splitting the glass, cells and backboards, the accuracy is low, resulting in poor splitting effect, affecting the recycling effect of photovoltaic modules. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a photovoltaic module resource recycling system and recycling method to solve the problems of low efficiency in dismantling the photovoltaic module frames and poor separation effect of the glass, battery cells and backboard.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A photovoltaic component resource recycling system includes a conveyor belt for transporting photovoltaic components and a recycling component, wherein the recycling component includes a first support frame, a first motor and a rotating motor, the first motor is mounted on the top of the first support frame, a sleeve and a telescopic rod are mounted on the output end of the first motor, the first motor controls the telescopic rod to extend and retract within the sleeve, one end of the telescopic rod is mounted with a rotating motor, the output end of the rotating motor is mounted with a rotating drum, four groups of rotating rods are evenly arranged on both sides of the rotating drum, the rotating rods form an angle of 75° with the rotating drum, and an arc plate is arranged at one end of the rotating rod. The photovoltaic components to be recycled are transported by the conveyor belt to the bottom of the recycling component, the rotating motor drives the rotating drum to rotate, and the rotation of the rotating drum drives the rotating rod and the arc plate to rotate, and the four groups of the arc plates rotate to remove the frame from the photovoltaic component.

[0006] Preferably, a fixed block is installed on the lower side of the rotating drum, and a ball bearing is set between the fixed block and the rotating drum. The fixed block is used to fix the photovoltaic component. The fixed block fixes the photovoltaic component on the conveyor belt to prevent the photovoltaic component from being displaced during the process of removing the frame by the curved plate.

[0007] Preferably, four groups of mutually perpendicular pressure rods are installed on both sides of the bottom of the fixed block, and the pressure rods are used to fix the position of the photovoltaic module. Rigid parts are respectively set at one end of the four groups of pressure rods, and cutting knives are respectively set between the four groups of rigid parts. The bottom ends of the four groups of cutting knives extend out of the bottom ends of the rigid parts, and the four groups of cutting knives are respectively facing the four sides of the frame. The cutting knives cut off the frame from the glass, battery cell and backboard as the telescopic rod extends and retracts. After cutting, the recycling component completely removes the frame from the photovoltaic module through the rotating arc plate, thereby improving the removal effect of the frame.

[0008] Preferably, a recycling box is provided at the bottom of the output end of the conveyor belt, and the recycling box is used to collect the dismantled photovoltaic components.

[0009] Preferably, a second support frame is mounted at one end of the conveyor belt, the second support frame being used to support the conveyor belt. A third support frame is disposed at one end of the conveyor belt, the third support frame being close to the output end of the conveyor belt and being used to support the conveyor belt. A multi-layer segmentation assembly is mounted on the third support frame, the multi-layer segmentation assembly comprising a first segmentation blade and a second segmentation blade, the first segmentation blade being located above the second segmentation blade. The conveyor belt drives the photovoltaic modules through the multi-layer segmentation assembly, the first segmentation blade separating the glass from the cell, and the second segmentation blade separating the cell from the backplane.

[0010] Preferably, a first rotating shaft is provided at one end of the first dividing knife and the second dividing knife, and a second motor and a third motor are provided at one end of the two groups of the first rotating shafts respectively. The second motor drives the first dividing knife to rotate, and the third motor drives the second dividing knife to rotate. The rotating first dividing knife and the second dividing knife can more accurately divide different photovoltaic components.

[0011] Preferably, a fixed component is provided at the input end of the multi-layer splitting component, and the fixed component includes a fourth support frame and a pressure roller, a second rotating shaft and a connecting block are provided at one end of the pressure roller, a connecting column is provided at the upper end of the connecting block, the connecting column is connected to the fourth support frame, the connecting column slides up and down at the upper end of the connecting block, the second rotating shaft is connected to the connecting block, and the pressure roller rotates around the second rotating shaft, and the pressure roller presses on the surface of the photovoltaic component to control the photovoltaic component to be cut evenly and stably by the multi-layer splitting component along with the conveyor belt, thereby avoiding lateral movement of the photovoltaic component when cutting, and ensuring the splitting accuracy of the multi-layer splitting component.

[0012] Preferably, a compression spring is installed on one side of the connecting block, one end of the compression spring is connected to the connecting block, and the compression spring is sleeved on the outside of the connecting column. The compression spring can ensure that the pressure roller is tightly attached to the photovoltaic component, ensuring the limiting effect of the pressure roller on the photovoltaic component.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a photovoltaic module resource recycling system and recycling method, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1. Frame disassembly and recycling:

[0015] Four sets of cutting blades are respectively facing the four sides of the frame. As the telescopic rod is extended and retracted, the cutting blades cut off the frame from the glass, the solar cell and the back plate. The rotating motor drives the rotating drum to rotate, and the rotation of the rotating drum drives the rotating rod and the curved plate to rotate. The four sets of curved plates rotate to remove the frame from the photovoltaic module. The removed frame is collected and crushed to obtain recyclable frame raw materials.

[0016] S2. Separation of glass, cells and backsheet in photovoltaic modules:

[0017] The multi-layer splitting assembly controls the rotation of the first and second splitting blades, presses the roller against the surface of the photovoltaic module, controls the position of the photovoltaic module to move forward evenly and stably, and accurately separates the glass, battery cells and backsheet;

[0018] S3. Recycling of glass, cells and backsheets in photovoltaic modules:

[0019] The dismantled glass is squeezed and crushed into powder as raw material for glass products, which are then reprocessed into glass products. The dismantled battery cells are crushed into granules, which are then screened by a centrifugal screening machine to obtain the screened and classified raw materials for recycling. The dismantled back panels are collected and crushed, and the crushed back panels are recycled as raw materials.

[0020] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a photovoltaic module resource recycling system and recycling method. The recycling component can remove the frame from the photovoltaic module through the rotating arc plate and cutting knife, thereby increasing the efficiency of frame removal. The multi-layer splitting component uses the rotating first splitting knife and the second splitting knife to more accurately split different photovoltaic modules. The pressure roller fixes the photovoltaic module when the photovoltaic module is split to ensure the accuracy of the photovoltaic module cutting. The raw materials of the dismantled photovoltaic module are recycled and reused after crushing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0022] In the attached figure:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the photovoltaic module resource recycling system and recycling method of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is an overall schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module removal device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a partial schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the recycling assembly of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a fixing assembly of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a multi-layer segmentation assembly of the present invention.

[0029] Numbers in the figure: 1. Glass; 2. Battery cell; 3. Back panel; 4. First support frame; 5. First motor; 6. Sleeve; 7. Telescopic rod; 8. Conveyor belt; 9. Second support frame; 10. Fourth support frame; 11. Third support frame; 12. Recycling box; 13. Rotating motor; 14. Frame; 15. Rotating rod; 16. Rotating drum; 17. Fixed block; 18. Ball; 19. Arc plate; 20. Compression spring; 21. Second rotating shaft; 22. Pressure roller; 23. Connecting column; 24. Connecting block; 25. Second motor; 26. First dividing knife; 27. Second dividing knife; 28. Third motor; 29. ​​First rotating shaft; 30. Pressure rod; 31. Cutting knife; 32. Rigid part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following text is only used to describe the implementation method of a photovoltaic module resource recycling system and recycling method of the present invention, and does not strictly limit the scope of protection specifically requested by the present invention.

[0031] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features specified as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.

[0032] Example: Figures 1-6 As shown, a photovoltaic module resource recycling system and recycling method includes:

[0033] Photovoltaic modules, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the photovoltaic module includes a frame 14, a glass 1, a battery cell 2 and a back plate 3, wherein the glass 1, the battery cell 2 and the back plate 3 are installed in sequence from top to bottom, and the frame 14 is installed on both sides of the glass 1, the battery cell 2 and the back plate 3;

[0034] Conveyor belt 8, such as Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic modules to be recycled are placed on the conveyor belt 8;

[0035] Frame 14 recycling components, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the frame 14 recovery component includes a first support frame 4, a first motor 5 and a rotating motor 13. The first motor 5 is installed on the top of the first support frame 4. The output end of the first motor 5 is installed with a sleeve 6 and a telescopic rod 7. The first motor 5 controls the telescopic rod 7 to extend and retract in the sleeve 6. One end of the telescopic rod 7 is installed with a rotating motor 13. The output end of the rotating motor 13 is installed with a rotating drum 16. Four groups of rotating rods 15 are evenly arranged on both sides of the rotating drum 16. The rotating rods 15 and the rotating drum 16 form an angle of 75°. An arc plate 19 is arranged at one end of the rotating rod 15. The photovoltaic components to be recycled are conveyed by the conveyor belt 8 to the bottom of the frame 14 recovery component. The rotating motor 13 drives the rotating drum 16 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating drum 16 drives the rotating rod 15 and the arc plate 19 to rotate. The four groups of the arc plates 19 rotate to remove the frame 14 from the photovoltaic components.

[0036] In an embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, a fixing block 17 is installed on the lower side of the rotating drum 16, and a ball 18 is set between the fixing block 17 and the rotating drum 16. The fixing block 17 is used to fix the photovoltaic assembly. The fixing block 17 fixes the photovoltaic assembly on the conveyor belt 8 to prevent the photovoltaic assembly from being displaced during the process of the arc plate 19 removing the frame 14.

[0037] In an embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, a recycling box 12 is provided at the bottom of the output end of the conveyor belt 8 , and the recycling box 12 is used to collect the dismantled photovoltaic components.

[0038] In an embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, a second support frame 9 is installed at one end of the conveyor belt 8, and the second support frame 9 is used to support the conveyor belt 8. A third support frame 11 is set at one end of the conveyor belt 8, and the third support frame 11 is close to the output end of the conveyor belt 8. The third support frame 11 is used to support the conveyor belt 8. A multi-layer splitting assembly is installed on the third support frame 11, and the multi-layer splitting assembly includes a first splitting knife 26 and a second splitting knife 27. The first splitting knife 26 is located on the upper side of the second splitting knife 27. The conveyor belt 8 drives the photovoltaic assembly through the multi-layer splitting assembly. The first splitting knife 26 separates the glass 1 from the battery cell 2, and the second splitting knife 27 separates the battery cell 2 from the backboard 3.

[0039] In an embodiment, four groups of mutually perpendicular pressure rods 30 are respectively installed on both sides of the bottom of the fixed block 17, and the pressure rods 30 are used to fix the position of the photovoltaic module. One end of the four groups of pressure rods 30 is respectively provided with a rigid part 32, and a cutting knife 31 is respectively provided between the four groups of rigid parts 32. The bottom ends of the four groups of cutting knives 31 extend out of the bottom ends of the rigid parts 32, and the four groups of cutting knives 31 are respectively facing the four sides of the frame 14. The cutting knife 31 cuts off the frame 14 from the glass 1, the battery cell 2 and the back panel 3 as the telescopic rod 7 extends and retracts. After cutting, the recycling component completely removes the frame 14 from the photovoltaic module through the rotating arc plate 19, thereby improving the removal effect of the frame 14.

[0040] In an embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, a first rotating shaft 29 is provided at one end of the first dividing knife 26 and the second dividing knife 27, and a second motor 25 and a third motor 28 are provided at one end of the two groups of the first rotating shafts 29 respectively. The second motor 25 drives the first dividing knife 26 to rotate, and the third motor 28 drives the second dividing knife 27 to rotate. The rotating first dividing knife 26 and the second dividing knife 27 can more accurately divide different photovoltaic components.

[0041] In an embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, a fixed component is provided at the input end of the multi-layer splitting component, and the fixed component includes a fourth support frame 10 and a pressure roller 22. A second rotating shaft 21 and a connecting block 24 are provided at one end of the pressure roller 22. A connecting column 23 is provided at the upper end of the connecting block 24. The connecting column 23 is connected to the fourth support frame 10. The connecting column 23 slides up and down at the upper end of the connecting block 24. The second rotating shaft 21 is connected to the connecting block 24. The pressure roller 22 rotates around the second rotating shaft 21. The pressure roller 22 presses on the surface of the photovoltaic component to control the photovoltaic component to be cut evenly and stably by the multi-layer splitting component along with the conveyor belt 8, thereby avoiding lateral movement of the photovoltaic component when cutting the photovoltaic component, thereby ensuring the splitting accuracy of the multi-layer splitting component.

[0042] In an embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, a compression spring 20 is installed on one side of the connecting block 24, one end of the compression spring 20 is connected to the connecting block 24, and the compression spring 20 is sleeved on the outside of the connecting column 23. The compression spring 20 can ensure that the pressure roller 22 is close to the photovoltaic component, ensuring the limiting effect of the pressure roller 22 on the photovoltaic component.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention also discloses a photovoltaic module resource recycling system and recycling method, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1, frame 14 disassembly and recycling:

[0045] Four groups of cutting blades 31 are respectively facing the four sides of the frame 14. As the telescopic rod 7 is extended and retracted, the cutting blades 31 cut off the frame 14 from the glass 1, the battery cell 2 and the back plate 3. The rotating motor 13 drives the rotating drum 16 to rotate, and the rotation of the rotating drum 16 drives the rotating rod 15 and the curved plate 19 to rotate. The four groups of curved plates 19 rotate to remove the frame 14 from the photovoltaic module. The removed frame 14 is collected and crushed to obtain recyclable frame raw materials.

[0046] Separation of S2, glass 1, cell 2 and backplane 3:

[0047] The first and second cutting blades 26 and 27 are controlled to rotate by the multi-layer cutting assembly, and the pressing roller 22 is pressed against the surface of the photovoltaic module, so that the position of the photovoltaic module is controlled to move forward evenly and stably, and the glass 1, the cell 2 and the back sheet 3 are accurately separated.

[0048] S3, recycling of glass 1, battery cell 2 and backplane 3:

[0049] The dismantled glass 1 is squeezed and crushed into powder as raw material for glass 1 products, which are then reprocessed into glass 1 products. The dismantled battery cells 2 are crushed into granules, which are then screened by a centrifugal screening machine to obtain the screened and classified raw materials for recycling. The dismantled back panel 3 is collected and crushed, and the crushed back panel 3 is recycled as raw material.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module resource recycling system, comprising a conveyor belt for transporting photovoltaic modules and a recycling assembly, characterized in that: The recycling component includes a first support frame, a first motor and a rotating motor. The first motor is installed on the top of the first support frame. A sleeve and a telescopic rod are installed at the output end of the first motor. The first motor controls the telescopic rod to extend and retract in the sleeve. A rotating motor is installed at one end of the telescopic rod. A rotating drum is installed at the output end of the rotating motor. Four groups of rotating rods are evenly arranged on both sides of the rotating drum. The rotating rods form an angle of 75° with the rotating drum. An arc plate is arranged at one end of the rotating rod. The photovoltaic components to be recycled are conveyed to the bottom of the recycling component by a conveyor belt. The rotating motor drives the rotating drum to rotate. The rotation of the rotating drum drives the rotating rod and the arc plate to rotate. The four groups of arc plates rotate to remove the frame from the photovoltaic component.

2. The photovoltaic module resource recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing block is installed on the lower side of the rotating drum, and a ball bearing is arranged between the fixing block and the rotating drum. The fixing block is used to fix the photovoltaic assembly.

3. The photovoltaic module resource recycling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Four groups of mutually perpendicular pressure rods are installed on both sides of the bottom of the fixed block, and the pressure rods are used to fix the position of the photovoltaic module. Rigid parts are set at one end of the four groups of pressure rods, and cutting knives are set between the four groups of rigid parts. The bottom ends of the four groups of cutting knives extend out of the bottom end of the rigid parts, and the four groups of cutting knives are respectively facing the four side edges of the frame. The cutting knives cut off the frame from the photovoltaic module as the telescopic rod is extended and retracted.

4. The photovoltaic module resource recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A recycling box is provided at the bottom of the output end of the conveyor belt, and the recycling box is used to collect the dismantled photovoltaic components.

5. The photovoltaic module resource recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second support frame is installed at one end of the conveyor belt, and the second support frame is close to one end of the recycling component for supporting the conveyor belt. A third support frame is set at the other end of the conveyor belt, and the third support frame is close to the output end of the conveyor belt. The third support frame is used to support the conveyor belt. A multi-layer splitting assembly is installed on the third support frame, and the multi-layer splitting assembly includes a first splitting knife and a second splitting knife. The first splitting knife is located on the upper side of the second splitting knife. The conveyor belt drives the photovoltaic assembly through the multi-layer splitting assembly. The first splitting knife separates the glass and the battery cell in the photovoltaic assembly, and the second splitting knife separates the battery cell and the backboard in the photovoltaic assembly.

6. The photovoltaic module resource recycling system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first segmentation knife and the second segmentation knife are both provided with a first rotating shaft at one end, and the two sets of the first rotating shafts are respectively provided with a second motor and a third motor at one end. The second motor drives the first segmentation knife to rotate, and the third motor drives the second segmentation knife to rotate.

7. The photovoltaic module resource recycling system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A fixed component is set at the input end of the multi-layer splitting component, and the fixed component includes a fourth support frame and a pressure roller. A second rotating shaft and a connecting block are set at one end of the pressure roller. A connecting column is set at the upper end of the connecting block. The connecting column is connected to the fourth support frame. The connecting column slides up and down at the upper end of the connecting block. The second rotating shaft is connected to the connecting block. The pressure roller rotates around the second rotating shaft. The pressure roller presses on the surface of the photovoltaic component to control the photovoltaic component to be evenly and stably cut by the multi-layer splitting component along with the conveyor belt.

8. The photovoltaic module resource recycling system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A compression spring is installed on one side of the connecting block, one end of the compression spring is connected to the connecting block, and the compression spring is sleeved on the outside of the connecting column.

9. A recycling method based on the photovoltaic module resource recycling system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Frame disassembly and recycling: Four sets of cutting knives are respectively facing the four sides of the frame. The cutting knives cut the frame from the photovoltaic module as the telescopic rod is extended and retracted. After the frame is cut, the rotary motor drives the rotating drum to rotate, and the rotation of the rotating drum drives the rotating rod and the curved plate to rotate. The four sets of curved plates rotate to completely remove the frame from the photovoltaic module. The removed frame is collected and crushed to obtain recyclable frame raw materials. S2. Separation of glass, cells and backsheet in photovoltaic modules: The multi-layer splitting assembly controls the rotation of the first and second splitting blades, presses the roller against the surface of the photovoltaic module, controls the position of the photovoltaic module to move forward evenly and stably, and accurately separates the glass, battery cells and backsheet in the photovoltaic module; S3. Recycling of glass, cells and backsheets in photovoltaic modules: The dismantled glass is squeezed and crushed into powder as raw material for glass products, which are then reprocessed into glass products. The dismantled battery cells are crushed into granules, which are then screened by a centrifugal screening machine to obtain the screened and classified raw materials for recycling. The dismantled back panels are collected and crushed, and the crushed back panels are recycled as raw materials.

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