A cylindrical roller bearing ring shaping process

Abstract

The present application relates to the shaping technical field of bearing ring of wind power main shaft type, specifically to a cylindrical roller bearing ring shaping process, the diameter variation of the outer diameter of the bearing ring near two end faces is measured respectively, if only one side of the diameter variation is greater than or equal to the standard deformation variable threshold, the top die tool is installed at the minimum diameter position of the end of the bearing ring, so that the short axis is reversely deformed into the long axis, if the diameter variation of both sides is greater than or equal to the standard deformation variable threshold, the top die tool is installed at the minimum diameter position of the middle of the bearing ring, so that the short axis is reversely deformed into the long axis, and tempering is performed; the diameter variation is measured again; secondary supplementary tempering is performed, if the diameter variation of both sides is less than the standard deformation variable threshold, it is determined to be qualified, and the process is completed. The shaping process of the present application includes twice tempering, which can effectively stabilize the internal organization of the bearing ring parts, reduce the internal stress, and obtain the bearing parts with stable size.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forming technology for bearing rings of wind turbine main shafts, specifically a forming process for cylindrical roller bearing rings. Background Technology

[0002] Ordinary large cylindrical bearings are generally made of high carbon bearing steel as raw material and are mainly treated with bainitic heat treatment. Specifically, the steel rings are heated to austenitize and then quenched in a hot bath (salt bath, metal bath or floating particle furnace) for a sufficient time to transform all or part of the supercooled austenite into lower bainite. Then they are air-cooled to room temperature.

[0003] However, although bainitic heat treatment can improve the hardness and wear resistance of metal workpieces and can also give some special steels certain physical and chemical properties, the disadvantage is that the bearing rings will undergo certain deformation after bainitic heat treatment. If the rings are not shaped later, they will not meet the requirements of subsequent machining. After machining, the hardened layer depth of the raceway of the rings will be inconsistent, which often results in a short bearing fatigue life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a cylindrical roller bearing ring forming process, which strictly controls the forming position and tempering temperature, and uses a large reverse forming amount and a high tempering temperature to ensure that the diameter variation after forming is within the tolerance range.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a forming process for large cylindrical roller bearing rings, the specific steps of which include:

[0006] S100

[0007] For example, the width H of the cylindrical roller bearing rings is ≤200mm.

[0008] Measure the outer diameter at the midpoint between end faces A and B, mark the points of maximum and minimum diameter at the midpoint, and obtain the variation S of the midpoint diameter. o ;

[0009] For example, when the end face height H of the cylindrical roller bearing ring is greater than 200mm,

[0010] Measure the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring closest to end face A, and mark the points where the diameter at end face A is at its maximum and minimum, thus obtaining the diameter variation S. A ;

[0011] Measure the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring closest to end face B, and mark the points where the diameter at end face B is at its maximum and minimum, thus obtaining the diameter variation S. B ;

[0012] Start S200;

[0013] S200

[0014] If S A S B If all values ​​are greater than the standard deformation threshold, then start S300;

[0015] If S A Greater than 1.5 times the standard deformation threshold, and S B If the value is less than or equal to the standard deformation threshold, then start S400;

[0016] If S A S is greater than the standard deformation threshold and less than or equal to 1.5 times the standard deformation threshold. B If the value is less than or equal to the standard deformation threshold, then S500 begins;

[0017] If S A S B If all values ​​are less than or equal to the standard deformation threshold, then start S900;

[0018] If S o If the value is greater than the standard deformation threshold, then start S600;

[0019] If S o If the value is less than or equal to the standard deformation threshold, then start S900;

[0020] S300. Compare the minimum diameter point of end face A (closer to end face A) with the minimum diameter point of end face B (closer to end face B) to determine whether their projections in the axial direction coincide.

[0021] If they coincide, a top-shaped tooling is installed at the midpoint between the minimum diameter point of end face A and the minimum diameter point of end face B to support and shape the short shaft so that it deforms into a long shaft.

[0022] If they do not overlap

[0023] Then, install the first top-shaped tooling at the position corresponding to the smallest point of the diameter of the A end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the A end face, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into a long shaft.

[0024] Install a second top-shaped tooling at the position corresponding to the smallest point of the diameter of the B end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the B end face, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into a long shaft.

[0025] S400. Install the first top-shaped tooling at the position corresponding to the smallest point of the diameter of the A end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the A end face, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into a long shaft.

[0026] A second top-shaped tooling is installed at the position corresponding to the minimum diameter of the B end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the B end face, so as to prevent one side of the B end face from deforming as the other side is shaped.

[0027] Start S700;

[0028] S500. Install a top-shaped tooling at the position corresponding to the smallest point of the diameter of the A end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the A end face, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into a long shaft.

[0029] Start S700;

[0030] S600. Install a top-shaped tooling at the position corresponding to the minimum point of the intermediate diameter on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing race, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into a long shaft.

[0031] Start S700;

[0032] S700, shaping and tempering;

[0033] S800: After the cylindrical roller bearing rings have cooled to room temperature, remove the top tooling and repeat S100.

[0034] S900 undergoes a second tempering process to complete the shaping.

[0035] Furthermore, measuring the diameter variation of the cylindrical roller bearing race includes: using a measuring tube ruler to rotate along the circumference of the cylindrical roller bearing race, and determining the low and high points of the race by the number of rotations of the dial indicator pointer, thereby determining the diameter variation.

[0036] Furthermore, the measuring tube includes a tube body, an abutment component slidably fixed to the tube body, and a measuring gauge component slidably fixed to the tube body.

[0037] Furthermore, the tempering temperature for the shaping and tempering described in S500 is 200°C to 270°C, and the tempering time is 10h to 15h.

[0038] Furthermore, the tempering temperature for the secondary tempering described in S700 is 200°C to 270°C, and the tempering time is 10h to 15h.

[0039] Furthermore, the top-shaped tooling includes a screw support; the first top-shaped tooling includes a screw support; the second top-shaped tooling includes a screw support.

[0040] Furthermore, the rule for transforming the short axis into the long axis is to adjust the length of the top-shaped tooling or the first top-shaped tooling to a certain value so that the diameter change after shaping is equal to the amount of martensitic deformation or bainitic deformation.

[0041] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the martensitic reshaping deformation amount is (1.0~2.5)X + (0.0~0.5mm), where X is the original deformation amount.

[0042] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the bainite shaping deformation is (0.5~2.5)X + (0.0~0.5mm), where X is the original deformation.

[0043] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: For cylindrical roller bearing rings of different widths and heights, the diameter variation is measured at either the middle position or simultaneously on both sides. Based on the measurement results, the accurate minimum diameter position is found, and the forming position is strictly controlled. Furthermore, the forming process includes two tempering processes, which effectively stabilizes the internal structure of the bearing ring, reduces internal stress, and yields dimensionally stable bearing parts. This invention ensures that the diameter variation after forming is within the allowable tolerance range by controlling the forming position and tempering temperature, employing a large reverse forming amount and a high tempering temperature. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cylindrical roller bearing ring with a width height H≤200mm in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 In one embodiment of the present invention, the point N with a height H > 200 mm and the smallest diameter at end face A is... A N, the point with the smallest diameter at end face B B A schematic diagram of the cylindrical roller bearing race with overlapping projections;

[0046] Figure 3 In one embodiment of the present invention, the point N with a height H > 200 mm and the smallest diameter at end face A is... A N, the point with the smallest diameter at end face B B A schematic diagram of the structure of cylindrical roller bearing rings whose projections do not coincide;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the state when measuring the diameter variation in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the top-shaped tooling is installed in the middle in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the two sides of the X-shape are aligned upwards in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when both sides are parallel and pointing upwards in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the structure when one side is topped up in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 9 This is a table showing the allowable variation of the outer diameter of the collar in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 10 This is the integer parameter table for Embodiments 1-4 of the present invention;

[0054] In the diagram: 1. Measuring tape;

[0055] 100. Pipe ruler body,

[0056] 200. Abutment component,

[0057] 300. Measuring instrument assembly,

[0058] 2. Cylindrical roller bearing races,

[0059] 3. Top-type tooling,

[0060] 4. First top-type tooling,

[0061] 5. Second top-shaped tooling,

[0062] 0, middle position; N0, middle point with the smallest diameter; M0, middle point with the largest diameter; N A Point with minimum diameter at end face A, N B The point with the smallest diameter at end face B. Detailed Implementation

[0063] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0064] A forming process for large cylindrical roller bearing rings, the specific steps of which include:

[0065] Step S100: If the height of the cylindrical roller bearing race 2 is greater than 200mm, the deformation on both sides near end face A and end face B will differ significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to first measure the height of the cylindrical roller bearing race.

[0066] See Figure 1 For example, if the height H of cylindrical roller bearing ring 2 is ≤ 200mm, measure the outer diameter at the midpoint O between end face A and end face B, mark the maximum midpoint diameter point M0 and the minimum midpoint diameter point N0, and obtain the midpoint diameter variation S.o Thus, the first step is to selectively measure the minimum diameter point N0 in the middle based on the width of the cylindrical roller bearing ring 2, avoiding the need to reverse the cylindrical roller bearing ring 2 with a lower width to measure both sides, which is more time-saving and labor-saving.

[0067] See Figure 2 and 3 If the end face height H of cylindrical roller bearing ring 2 is greater than 200mm, measure the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring closest to end face A, and mark the point where the diameter of end face A is the largest and the point where the diameter of end face A is the smallest, N. A The diameter variation S is obtained. A ;

[0068] Measure the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring closest to end face B, and mark the points where the diameter of end face B is at its maximum and minimum (N). B The diameter variation S is obtained. B ;

[0069] Start step S200;

[0070] As an example, see Figure 4 The specific measurement of the intermediate diameter variation S o and diameter variation S A S B The specific method includes: using a measuring tube ruler 1 to rotate circumferentially along the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring 2, and determining the low and high points of the ring by the number of rotations of the dial indicator pointer, thereby determining the intermediate diameter variation S. o and diameter variation S A S B As an example, the measuring tape 1 includes a tape body 100, an abutment assembly 200 slidably fixed to the tape body 100, and a measuring gauge assembly 300 slidably fixed to the tape body. It should be noted that the measurement is for the intermediate diameter variation S. o When the pointer points to the outer diameter at the midpoint between end faces A and B of the cylindrical roller bearing ring 2, the diameter variation S is measured. A S B At that time, the pointers pointed to the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing race 2 near end face A and end face B, respectively.

[0071] Step S200, if the diameter variation S A Diameter variation S B If all values ​​are greater than the standard deformation threshold, then proceed to step S300. It should be noted that the standard deformation threshold is determined according to the national standard JB / T1255-2014, or can be specified independently based on the national standard. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 9The table showing the permissible variation in the outer diameter of the collar in this embodiment is provided. The unit for nominal outer diameter is mm.

[0072] Step S300: Compare the point N with the smallest diameter of end face A, which is closest to end face A. A The point N with the smallest diameter of end face B closest to end face B. B Determine whether the projections of the two along the axial direction coincide;

[0073] like Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, if they coincide, then at the point N with the smallest diameter on end face A... A N, the point with the smallest diameter at end face B B At the midpoint O between them, install the top-shaped tooling 3 to support and shape it so that the short axis is deformed into the long axis;

[0074] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, if they do not coincide, the cylindrical roller bearing race 2 needs to be pushed up simultaneously on both the side near end face A and the side near end face B. Specifically, the point N with the smallest diameter of end face A on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing race near end face A should be pushed up. A Install the first top-shaped tooling 4 at the corresponding position to support and shape the shaft, so that the short shaft is deformed into a long shaft; at the point N with the smallest diameter of the B end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the B end face. B Install the second top-shaped tool 5 at the corresponding position to support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into the long shaft;

[0075] See Figure 7 If the diameter variation S A Greater than 1.5 times the standard deformation threshold, and S B If the value is less than or equal to the standard deformation threshold, then proceed to step S400, with both sides parallel and upward; Step S400: at the point N with the smallest diameter of the A end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring 2 near end face A. AA first top-shaped fixture 4 is installed at the corresponding position to support and shape the bearing, causing the short shaft to deform into a long shaft. A second top-shaped fixture 5 is installed at the position corresponding to the minimum diameter of the B end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the B end face to prevent one side of the B end face from deforming due to the shaping of the other side. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the second top-shaped fixture 5 is not adjusted, i.e., it does not perform a support operation. It is only to prevent the first top-shaped fixture 4 from affecting the secondary deformation of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the B end face when it performs a support operation, thus causing it to deviate from the standard deformation threshold. For example, if the standard deformation threshold is 1.0 mm, the deformation near the A end face is 3.0 mm, and the deformation near the B end face is 0.6 mm, then although the deformation near the B end face is already less than the standard deformation threshold, a smaller top-shaped deformation is still required to prevent the reverse deformation of the other side from causing the deformation of the undeformed side to exceed the standard requirements.

[0076] Start step S700;

[0077] See Figure 8 If the diameter variation S A S is greater than the standard deformation threshold and less than or equal to 1.5 times the standard deformation threshold. B If the value is less than or equal to the standard deformation threshold, then proceed to step S500; Step S500: At the point N with the smallest diameter of the A end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near end face A. A Install the top-shaped tooling 3 at the corresponding position to support and shape it, so that the short shaft is deformed into the long shaft;

[0078] Start step S700;

[0079] See Figure 5 If the variation in the intermediate diameter is S o If the deformation exceeds the standard threshold, then start step S600; Step S600: Install the top-shaped tooling 3 at the position corresponding to the minimum point N0 of the intermediate diameter on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring 2, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into a long shaft.

[0080] Start step S700;

[0081] Step S700: Shaping and Tempering; In one embodiment, the tempering temperature in step S700 is 200°C~270°C, and the tempering time is 10h~15h. It should be noted that the shaped product must be tempered within 24 hours after being placed on the top. For a pit furnace, the tempering time is at least 10 hours. For a box furnace, the tempering time is at least 5 hours. In this embodiment, a pit furnace is used for tempering, and the tempering time is 10h~15h.

[0082] In one embodiment, when the diameter variation S A Diameter variation SB Intermediate diameter variation S o If any one of them exceeds three times the standard deformation threshold, reshaping is not allowed, and it must be scrapped directly.

[0083] Step S800: After the cylindrical roller bearing rings have cooled to room temperature, remove the top tooling and repeat step S100.

[0084] If the diameter variation S A Diameter variation S B If all values ​​are less than or equal to the standard deformation threshold, then proceed to step S900.

[0085] If the change in the intermediate diameter is S o If the value is less than or equal to the standard deformation threshold, then start step S900;

[0086] Step S900: Perform a second tempering to complete the shaping.

[0087] In one embodiment, the tempering temperature for the secondary tempering in step S900 is 200°C to 270°C, and the tempering time is 10h to 15h.

[0088] In one embodiment, the top-shaped fixture 3 includes a screw support; the first top-shaped fixture 4 includes a screw support; and the second top-shaped fixture 5 includes a screw support.

[0089] It should be noted that the standard deformation threshold S, i.e., the maximum diameter variation, is determined based on the type and size of the bearing being machined. It can be determined according to the national standard in this field (JB / T1255-2014 version) or according to... Figure 9 The table of allowable variation in the outer diameter of the bearing rings provided is used in this embodiment, specifically for large, ultra-light, narrow-gauge cylindrical roller bearing rings with relatively thin wall thickness (outer ring thickness 26mm, inner ring thickness 29.5mm) and large dimensions (nominal outer diameter 1250mm). See also... Figure 9 The standard deformation threshold is 1.68 mm. That is, if only one side's diameter variation S... A Greater than 1.68 mm or diameter variation S on both sides A Diameter variation S B If the diameter variation is greater than 1.68mm, the next step of installing the top fixture 3 and tempering is required. The only difference is the installation position of the top fixture 3, which varies depending on the condition. For example, the diameter variation S on both sides... A Diameter variation S B If all values ​​are less than 1.68 mm, no further steps are required.

[0090] In steps S500 and S600, the rule for transforming the short axis into the long axis is to adjust the length of the top-shaped fixture 3 or the first top-shaped fixture 4 to a certain value so that the diameter change after shaping is equal to the martensitic shaping deformation or the bainitic shaping deformation. In one embodiment, when the top-shaped fixture 3, the first top-shaped fixture 4, and the second top-shaped fixture 5 are supported by screws, the nuts on the top-shaped fixture 3, the first top-shaped fixture 4, or the second top-shaped fixture 5 are rotated. The formula for calculating the martensitic shaping deformation is Y = (1.0~2.5)X + (0.0~0.5mm), where X is the original deformation and Y is the diameter change after shaping; the formula for calculating the bainitic shaping deformation is Y = (0.5~2.5)X + (0.0~0.5mm), where X is the original deformation and Y is the diameter change after shaping.

[0091] Further, see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The forming process involves using a top-shaped fixture 3 to support the points to be formed. The length of the top-shaped fixture 3 is then adjusted by rotating the nut on it to achieve the forming effect. During forming, the formula for calculating the reverse deformation amount in martensitic forming is used. The diameter change corresponding to the point to be formed is X. The top-shaped fixture 3 is adjusted until the diameter change corresponding to the point to be formed reaches Y, at which point the adjustment stops. Y must satisfy the condition Y = 1.5X + 0.1mm. For example, if the diameter change corresponding to the point to be formed is X = 1mm, the top-shaped fixture 3 should be supported until the diameter change Y = 1mm x 1.5 + 0.1mm = 1.68mm, at which point the support ends. In practice, the range of the diameter change Y after forming can be calculated first according to the forming formula. If the measured diameter change Y after forming falls within this range, it is considered that the low point of outer diameter deformation has become the high point of outer diameter deformation due to the force exerted by the fixture, and the support ends. Otherwise, the top-shaped fixture 3 should be adjusted further.

[0092] The above-mentioned cylindrical roller bearing ring forming process first distinguishes the cylindrical roller bearing rings 2 according to their width. For cylindrical roller bearing rings 2 with a width H ≤ 200mm, only the middle position needs to be measured, which reduces the workload caused by flipping and measuring both sides of the cylindrical roller bearing rings 2. For cylindrical roller bearing rings 2 with a width H > 200mm, the diameter variation on both sides is measured simultaneously, and the accurate minimum diameter position is found based on the different measurement results, strictly controlling the forming position. In addition, through two tempering processes, the internal structure of the bearing ring parts can be effectively stabilized, internal stress is reduced, and bearing parts with stable dimensions are obtained. That is, by controlling the forming position and tempering temperature, a large reverse forming amount and a high tempering temperature are used to ensure that the diameter variation after forming is within the tolerance range.

[0093] See Figure 9 It should be noted that the light, medium, and heavy series of bearings are represented by the third digit from the right in the basic designation. These series are further distinguished by the bearing's diameter. The diameter series refers to variations in the outer diameter and width of bearings with the same structure and inner diameter. For radial bearings and radial thrust bearings, 0 and 1 represent extra-light series, 2 represents light series, 3 represents medium series, and 4 represents heavy series. Different types of bearings in this field also have their specific methods of representing light, medium, and heavy series. For example, thrust bearings, except that 1 represents the extra-light series, are represented in the same way as radial bearings.

[0094] See Figure 10 In Example 1, a forming process for a large cylindrical roller bearing ring is described. The ring is made of high-carbon chromium bearing steel with a bainitic structure. Based on the diameter and bearing type, the standard deformation threshold is determined to be 1.56 mm, and the width is 250 mm (greater than 200 mm). The outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near end face A is measured, and the points with the maximum and minimum diameters at end face A are marked (N). A The diameter variation was found to be 2.5 mm.

[0095] Measure the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring closest to end face B, and mark the points where the diameter of end face B is at its maximum and minimum (N). B The diameter variation was found to be 2.3 mm.

[0096] Start step S200;

[0097] If the deformation of end face A and end face B is greater than the standard deformation threshold in step S200, then step S300 begins.

[0098] Step S300: Compare the point N with the smallest diameter of end face A, which is closest to end face A. A The point N with the smallest diameter of end face B closest to end face B. B Determine that the projections of the two coincide in the axial direction; then install a top-shaped tool at the midpoint between the minimum diameter point of end face A and the minimum diameter point of end face B, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into the long shaft.

[0099] The diameter variation Y on one side of end A after the top support is 3.6mm, Y = top shape ratio 1.44 * 2.5mm = 3.6mm;

[0100] The diameter variation Y on one side of end B after the top support is also 3.6mm, Y = top shape ratio 1.56 * 2.3mm = 3.6mm.

[0101] After tempering, the diameter change on one side of end face A was 0.9 mm; the diameter change on one side of end face B was 0.6 mm, both less than the standard deformation threshold of 1.56 mm.

[0102] See Figure 10 In Example 2, a forming process for a large cylindrical roller bearing ring is described. The ring is made of martensitic high-carbon chromium bearing steel. Based on the diameter and bearing type, the standard deformation threshold is determined to be 1.24 mm, and the width is 210 mm (greater than 200 mm). The outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near end face A is measured, and the points with the maximum and minimum diameters at end face A are marked (N). A The diameter variation was found to be 3 mm.

[0103] Measure the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring closest to end face B, and mark the points where the diameter of end face B is at its maximum and minimum (N). B The diameter variation was found to be 2.7 mm.

[0104] Start step S200;

[0105] If the deformation of end face A and end face B is greater than the standard deformation threshold in step S200, then step S300 begins.

[0106] Step S300: Compare the point N with the smallest diameter of end face A, which is closest to end face A. A The point N with the smallest diameter of end face B closest to end face B. B Determine that the projections of the two coincide in the axial direction; then install a top-shaped tool at the midpoint between the minimum diameter point of end face A and the minimum diameter point of end face B, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into the long shaft.

[0107] The diameter variation Y on one side of end A after the top support is 5.8mm, Y = top shape ratio 1.93 * 3mm = 5.8mm;

[0108] The diameter variation Y on one side of end B after shaping is 5.8mm, Y = top shape ratio 2.15 * 2.7mm = 5.8mm.

[0109] After tempering, the diameter change on one side of end face A was 0.8 mm; the diameter change on one side of end face B was 0.7 mm, both less than the standard deformation threshold of 1.24 mm.

[0110] See Figure 10 In Example 3, a forming process for a large cylindrical roller bearing ring is described. The ring is made of high-carbon chromium bearing steel with a bainitic structure. Based on the diameter and bearing type, the standard deformation threshold is determined to be 1.56 mm, and the width is 250 mm (greater than 200 mm). The outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near end face A is measured, and the points with the maximum and minimum diameters at end face A are marked (N). A The diameter variation was found to be 2.9 mm.

[0111] Measure the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring closest to end face B, and mark the points where the diameter of end face B is at its maximum and minimum (N). B The diameter variation was found to be 0.8 mm.

[0112] If the diameter variation on one side of end face A is greater than 1.5 times the standard deformation threshold, and the diameter variation on one side of end face B is less than or equal to the standard deformation threshold, then start S400.

[0113] Step S400: Install the first top-shaped tooling at the position corresponding to the smallest point of the diameter of the A end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the A end face, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into a long shaft.

[0114] The diameter variation Y on one side of end A after the top support is 4.3mm, Y = top shape ratio 1.48 * 2.9mm = 4.3mm;

[0115] A second top-shaped tooling is installed at the position corresponding to the minimum diameter of the B end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the B end face, so as to prevent one side of the B end face from deforming as the other side is shaped.

[0116] Start with S700, reshaping and tempering.

[0117] After tempering, the diameter change on one side of end face A was 0.9 mm; the diameter change on one side of end face B was 0.7 mm, both less than the standard deformation threshold of 1.56 mm.

[0118] See Figure 10 In Example 4, a forming process for a large cylindrical roller bearing ring is described. The ring is made of martensitic high-carbon chromium bearing steel with a diameter of 1000 mm. Based on the diameter and bearing type, the standard deformation threshold is determined to be 1.24 mm, and the width is 210 mm, which is greater than 200 mm. The outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near end face A is measured, and the points with the maximum and minimum diameters at end face A are marked (N). A The diameter variation was found to be 2.5 mm.

[0119] Measure the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring closest to end face B, and mark the points where the diameter of end face B is at its maximum and minimum (N). B The diameter variation was found to be 0.8 mm.

[0120] If the diameter variation on one side of end face A is greater than 1.5 times the standard deformation threshold, and the diameter variation on one side of end face B is less than or equal to the standard deformation threshold, then start S400.

[0121] Step S400: Install the first top-shaped tooling at the position corresponding to the smallest point of the diameter of the A end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the A end face, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into a long shaft.

[0122] The diameter variation Y on one side of end A after the top support is 5mm, Y = top shape ratio 2 * 2.5mm = 5mm;

[0123] A second top-shaped tooling is installed at the position corresponding to the minimum diameter of the B end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the B end face, so as to prevent one side of the B end face from deforming as the other side is shaped.

[0124] Start with S700, shaping and tempering.

[0125] After tempering, the diameter change on one side of end face A was 0.8 mm; the diameter change on one side of end face B was 0.7 mm, both less than the standard deformation threshold of 1.24 mm.

[0126] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0127] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0128] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0129] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" a second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that they are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of a second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" a second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature. It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element present. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "above," "below," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible embodiments.

Claims

1. A forming process for cylindrical roller bearing rings, wherein the cylindrical roller bearing rings have an A end face and a B end face, characterized in that: The specific steps include S100、 For example, the width H of the cylindrical roller bearing rings is ≤200mm. Measure the outer diameter at the midpoint between end faces A and B, mark the points of maximum and minimum diameter at the midpoint, and obtain the variation S of the midpoint diameter. o ; For example, when the end face height H of the cylindrical roller bearing race is greater than 200mm, Measure the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring closest to end face A, and mark the points where the diameter at end face A is at its maximum and minimum, thus obtaining the diameter variation S. A ; Measure the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring closest to end face B, and mark the points where the diameter at end face B is at its maximum and minimum, thus obtaining the diameter variation S. B ; Start S200; S200、 If S A S B If all values ​​are greater than the standard deformation threshold, then start S300; If S A Greater than 1.5 times the standard deformation threshold, and S B If the value is less than or equal to the standard deformation threshold, then start S400; If S A S is greater than the standard deformation threshold and less than or equal to 1.5 times the standard deformation threshold. B If the value is less than or equal to the standard deformation threshold, then S500 begins; If S A S B If all values ​​are less than or equal to the standard deformation threshold, then start S900; If S o If the value is greater than the standard deformation threshold, then start S600; If S o If the value is less than or equal to the standard deformation threshold, then start S900; S300. Compare the minimum diameter point of end face A (closer to end face A) with the minimum diameter point of end face B (closer to end face B) to determine whether their projections in the axial direction coincide. If they coincide, a top-shaped tooling is installed at the midpoint between the minimum diameter point of end face A and the minimum diameter point of end face B to support and shape the short shaft so that it deforms into a long shaft. If they do not overlap Then, install the first top-shaped tooling at the position corresponding to the smallest point of the diameter of the A end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the A end face, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into a long shaft. Install a second top-shaped tooling at the position corresponding to the smallest point of the diameter of the B end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the B end face, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into a long shaft. S400. Install the first top-shaped tooling at the position corresponding to the smallest point of the diameter of the A end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the A end face, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into a long shaft. A second top-shaped tooling is installed at the position corresponding to the minimum diameter of the B end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the B end face, so as to prevent one side of the B end face from deforming as the other side is shaped. Start S700; S500. Install a top-shaped tooling at the position corresponding to the smallest point of the diameter of the A end face on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing ring near the A end face, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into a long shaft. Start S700; S600. Install a top-shaped tooling at the position corresponding to the minimum point of the intermediate diameter on the inner diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing race, and support and shape it so that the short shaft is deformed into a long shaft. Start S700; S700, shaping and tempering; S800: After the cylindrical roller bearing rings have cooled to room temperature, remove the top tooling and repeat S100. S900 undergoes a second tempering process to complete the shaping.

2. The cylindrical roller bearing ring forming process according to claim 1, characterized in that: Measuring the diameter variation of the outer diameter of a cylindrical roller bearing race involves: using a measuring tube to rotate along the circumference of the cylindrical roller bearing race, and determining the low and high points of the race by the number of rotations of the dial indicator pointer, thus determining the diameter variation.

3. The cylindrical roller bearing ring forming process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The measuring tube includes a tube body, an abutment component slidably fixed to the tube body, and a measuring instrument component slidably fixed to the tube body.

4. A cylindrical roller bearing ring forming process according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The tempering temperature for the shaping and tempering process described in S700 is 200°C to 270°C, and the tempering time is 10h to 15h.

5. A cylindrical roller bearing ring forming process according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The tempering temperature for secondary tempering as described in S900 is 200°C to 270°C, and the tempering time is 10h to 15h.

6. A cylindrical roller bearing ring forming process according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The top-shaped fixture includes a screw support; the first top-shaped fixture includes a screw support; the second top-shaped fixture includes a screw support.

7. A cylindrical roller bearing ring forming process according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The rule for transforming the short axis into the long axis is to adjust the length of the top-shaped tooling or the first top-shaped tooling to a certain value so that the diameter change after shaping is equal to the amount of martensitic deformation or bainitic deformation.

8. The cylindrical roller bearing ring forming process according to claim 7, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the martensitic reshaping deformation amount is (1.0~2.5)X + (0.0~0.5mm), where X is the original deformation amount.

9. The cylindrical roller bearing ring forming process according to claim 7, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the bainite reshaping deformation amount is (0.5~2.5)X + (0.0~0.5mm), where X is the original deformation amount.

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