Novel functional gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and discloses novel functional gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment which comprises a laser generating device, an electromagnetic generating device, a working platform, a workpiece translation mechanism, a workpiece clamping device, a powder feeding device and a wire feeding device. Compared with traditional powder feeding type and wire feeding type LDED forming equipment, the equipment adopts wire and powder co-feeding forming, by adjusting the relative poses of laser, powder and wires, a heating object of the laser is the metal wire, the reinforced particles can avoid direct radiation of the laser, and the laser powder and wire co-feeding forming is achieved. The problem that the requirement for low fusion degree of reinforced particles and the requirement for sufficient melting of a metal matrix in FGM-PMMC cannot be considered at the same time is effectively solved. And flexible and controllable component and structure gradient of the FGM-PMMC is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and in particular relates to a novel functional gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment. Background Art

[0002] Functionally graded particle reinforced metal matrix composites (FGM-PMMC) combine the high hardness / wear resistance of ceramic particles with the high toughness / ductility of metal matrix, while achieving continuous gradient of composition and structure, breaking through the limitations of traditional single material performance and occupying an important position in the field of special materials. For example, the inner wall of the rocket engine nozzle adopts FGM-PMMC with high SiC content / low Al content to provide high temperature ablation resistance, and the outer layer adopts FGM-PMMC with low SiC content / high Al content to improve thermal conductivity; the inner layer of the blade of the offshore equipment power system adopts high Ti content, and the outer layer adopts low Ti content / high WC particle content to improve the wear resistance of the blade. At present, the preparation of FGM-PMMC on the market usually adopts traditional methods such as high temperature hot pressing, casting and spark plasma sintering. In contrast, the additive manufacturing method represented by laser directed energy deposition (LDED) has many advantages such as high efficiency / low cost, customized / functional gradient design, suitable for complex special-shaped structures, and wide material adaptability, which provides an effective means for high-quality and efficient forming and manufacturing of FGM-PMMC, and is gradually moving towards engineering application.

[0003] LDED technology can be divided into powder feeding and wire feeding according to the type of material fed. The powder feeding method uses a paraxial or coaxial method to transport different types of metal / ceramic powders, and controls the laser melting of powder to achieve the preparation of FGM-PMMC. However, due to the mixing of metal powder and ceramic powder, ceramic particles are prone to melt or gasification under the action of high-energy laser; the influence of adjusting powder feeding parameters (such as powder feeding amount, speed, angle, etc.) and laser parameters (power, speed, etc.) on the distribution and content of ceramic particles in the metal matrix after forming is very limited, making it difficult to achieve the expected functional gradient structure and strengthening effect of FGM-PMMC. In contrast, wire feeding laser deposition technology has attracted more and more research and application attention in recent years due to its high efficiency, high material utilization rate and low equipment requirements. However, due to the high preparation cost and difficult process of FGM-PMMC wire, there are very few reports on the preparation of FGM-PMMC using wire feeding laser deposition technology.

[0004] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:

[0005] Due to the mixing of metal powder and ceramic powder, ceramic particles are prone to melt or vaporize under the action of high-energy laser; only by adjusting the powder feeding parameters (such as powder feeding amount, speed, angle, etc.) and laser parameters (power, speed, etc.), the distribution and content of ceramic particles in the metal matrix after forming are very limited, making it difficult to achieve the expected functional gradient structure and strengthening effect of FGM-PMMC. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a new type of functional gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment.

[0007] The present invention is implemented as follows: a novel functional gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment comprises:

[0008] Laser generating device, electromagnetic generating device, working platform, workpiece translation mechanism, workpiece clamping device, powder feeding device, wire feeding device;

[0009] The laser generating device comprises a high-power laser head, and two sides of the high-power laser head are respectively connected to a powder feeding device and a wire feeding device through angle code connectors; the whole device is connected in an "L" shape.

[0010] Furthermore, the powder feeding device includes a powder feeding air nozzle, a powder feeding quick-plug connector, a shielding gas quick-plug connector, a dovetail groove two-degree-of-freedom adjustment device and an angle code connector.

[0011] Furthermore, the powder feeding air nozzle of the powder feeding device is designed to be divided into two layers, an inner layer and an outer layer: the inner layer is provided with one powder outlet hole, and powder feeding is achieved by air powder feeding; the outer layer is provided with 10 protective gas outlet holes, and the protective gas outlet holes are coaxially arranged with the powder outlet holes to constrain the powder action area.

[0012] Furthermore, the wire feeding device includes a wire feeding gun, a dovetail groove two-degree-of-freedom adjustment device, a single-degree-of-freedom slide and an angle code connector.

[0013] Furthermore, the electromagnetic generating device includes an electromagnetic generating pole, a coil, an inner partition, a transverse yoke, a vertical yoke, a column sleeve, a lead screw, a gland outer partition and a 3P terminal; by determining the target distribution gradient of the reinforced particles in the FGM-PMMC, the magnitude / direction of the electromagnetic field and the directional Lorentz force generated by it can be specifically regulated.

[0014] Furthermore, the workpiece translation mechanism includes a servo motor, a ball nut mounting plate, an induction plate, three U-shaped photoelectric sensors and a screw transmission device. According to the set speed and moving distance, the U-shaped photoelectric sensor can achieve high-precision movement through the screw transmission device, and cooperate with the electromagnetic generating device to ensure the stability of the electromagnetic field in the form of workpiece movement and fixed electromagnetic field; the workpiece clamping device includes a clamping support, 4 adjusting fastening screws, and 4 workpiece pressure plates, and can adapt to workpieces of different plate thicknesses according to the different fastening states of the adjusting fastening screws.

[0015] Furthermore, the working platform includes a fixed universal wheel, a working plane component, and a working platform support component.

[0016] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0017] First, the present invention designs a new type of functional gradient particle reinforced composite laser directional energy deposition equipment. It is mainly composed of key components such as a laser generator, a powder feeding device, a wire feeding device, and an electromagnetic generator. The principle is to synchronously deliver ceramic powder and metal wire while laser scanning, and by adjusting the relative positions of wire, powder, and laser, the powder is melted less and the metal wire is completely melted; at the same time, the powder feeding amount is controlled to achieve precise control of the FGM-PMMC enhanced particle content. The electromagnetic generator can generate a directional Lorentz force on the metal molten pool. By adjusting the size and direction of the Lorentz force, the distribution of enhanced particles in FGM-PMMC can be flexibly controlled to meet its composition and structural gradient requirements. It is worth mentioning that the new equipment designed by the present invention will also be applied to other laser manufacturing fields.

[0018] Laser directed energy deposition technology (LDED) provides an effective means for high-quality and efficient forming and manufacturing of functionally gradient particle reinforced metal matrix composites (FGM-PMMC), but it faces the challenge of difficult control of the content and distribution of reinforced particles after forming, which makes it difficult to achieve the expected functional gradient structure and performance requirements of FGM-PMMC. In view of the above problems, the present invention designs a new type of laser directed energy deposition equipment for functionally gradient particle reinforced composites, that is, laser energy deposition equipment based on electromagnetic field-wire powder co-feeding collaborative forming, which is mainly composed of key components such as laser generating device, powder feeding device, wire feeding device, electromagnetic generating device, etc.

[0019] The equipment designed by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] 1. Solved the problem of missing reinforcing particles during the forming process: Compared with traditional powder-feeding and wire-feeding LDED forming equipment, this equipment adopts wire-powder co-feeding forming. By adjusting the relative positions of laser, powder and wire, the laser heating object is the metal wire, and the reinforcing particles can avoid the direct radiation of the laser, effectively solving the problem that the low melting point requirement of the reinforcing particles in FGM-PMMC and the sufficient melting requirement of the metal matrix cannot be taken into account at the same time.

[0021] 2. Flexible and controllable composition and structural gradient of FGM-PMMC is achieved: Compared with traditional LDED forming equipment, this equipment is equipped with an electromagnetic field generating device while co-feeding silk powder for forming. By determining the target distribution gradient of the reinforced particles in FGM-PMMC, the electromagnetic field and the size / direction of the directional Lorentz force it generates are specifically designed, thus achieving flexible and controllable distribution of the reinforced particles.

[0022] 3. While ensuring performance, it has higher efficiency and lower cost: The silk powder co-feeding device equipped in this equipment takes into account the advantages of good formability and low cost of powder feeding LDED and the advantages of high efficiency and high material utilization rate of wire feeding LDED. In addition, in order to meet the performance requirements, FGM-PMMC formed by traditional LDED equipment usually requires pre-treatment and post-treatment, while this equipment uses electromagnetic field-silk powder co-feeding to form FGM-PMMC in one go, which meets its performance and functional gradient requirements and further improves processing efficiency.

[0023] 4. The equipment has wider adaptability to LDED forming processes: The silk-powder co-feeding device designed by this equipment has 5 degrees of freedom adjustable function in space. By adjusting the relative posture of light-silk, light-powder, and silk-powder, the molten pool characteristics, powder migration behavior, and wire melting behavior can be flexibly controlled to meet more laser energy deposition process requirements.

[0024] 5. Ensure the stability of processing parameters: A translation mechanism is designed on the electromagnetic generator. During the processing, the workpiece is moved while the laser head, wire feeding device, powder feeding device, and electric field / magnetic field generating device remain stationary, which can ensure that the electromagnetic field strength does not change during the entire processing process as much as possible.

[0025] 6. Can be extended to other laser processing fields: Since the device is equipped with a multi-degree-of-freedom adjustable wire feeding mechanism, powder feeding mechanism and electromagnetic generating device, the equipment can also be applied to various laser processing technologies such as laser-arc hybrid welding, laser multi-energy field welding, laser powder feeding welding, laser cladding, and laser melting injection.

[0026] The present invention proposes a new type of functional gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment, which can effectively solve the problem of difficult to control the distribution of reinforced particles in traditional LDED technology. Through the silk and powder co-feeding method, this equipment avoids the loss of reinforced particles due to direct laser radiation, while achieving full melting of the metal matrix, taking into account the performance requirements of different components of the composite material. In addition, the equipped electromagnetic field generating device flexibly adjusts the distribution gradient of the particles by generating a directional Lorentz force, meeting the strict requirements of FGM-PMMC on the composition and structural gradient. Compared with traditional LDED equipment, the present invention achieves a good balance between high efficiency and high performance. The silk and powder co-feeding device combines the low cost of powder-feeding LDED and the high material utilization rate of wire-feeding LDED. At the same time, through the synergistic effect of the electromagnetic field, it realizes the one-time forming of functional gradient composites, eliminating the cumbersome pre-processing and post-processing steps, greatly improving the processing efficiency and reducing the manufacturing cost. In addition, the 5-DOF adjustable mechanism designed for this equipment enables it to have a wide range of process adaptability. By adjusting the relative positions of the laser, powder and wire, the molten pool characteristics and material migration behavior can be flexibly controlled. It is suitable for a variety of laser processing scenarios, including laser-arc hybrid welding, laser multi-energy field welding, laser powder feeding welding, laser cladding, laser melting injection and other fields.

[0027] Does the technical solution of the present invention solve the technical problems that people have been eager to solve but have never been able to solve successfully?

[0028] By adopting the wire-powder co-feeding forming process, this equipment optimizes the relative posture design of laser, powder and wire, realizes the use of metal wire as the main heating object, effectively avoids the direct laser radiation of the reinforcing particles, thus taking into account the low melting degree requirements of the reinforcing particles in FGM-PMMC and the full melting requirements of the metal matrix, and solves the problem of the lack of reinforcing particles in the traditional powder-feeding and wire-feeding LDED forming. The electromagnetic field generating device flexibly adjusts the distribution gradient of the particles by generating a directional Lorentz force, meeting the strict requirements of FGM-PMMC for the composition and structural gradient. Taking into account forming, efficiency and cost, it has higher efficiency and lower cost while ensuring performance, and has broad prospects in the fields of laser-arc hybrid welding, laser multi-energy field welding, laser powder feeding welding, laser cladding, laser melting and injection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a new type of functionally gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a structural layout diagram of the laser generating device, wire feeding device, and powder feeding device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3Schematic diagram of the powder feeding device provided in an embodiment of the present invention

[0032] Figure 4 This is a partial enlarged view of the powder feeding nozzle of the powder feeding device provided in an embodiment of the present invention

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the wire feeding device provided by the embodiment of the present invention

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electromagnetic generating device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the workpiece translation mechanism and the workpiece clamping device provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a working platform provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 This is a test result diagram of using the equipment to control the porosity of the weld by magnetic field during the laser welding process provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.10 This is a graph showing the test results of applying an electric field using the equipment during the laser welding process provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] In the figure: 1. Laser generator; 2. Electromagnetic generator; 3. Working platform; 4. Workpiece translation mechanism; 5. Workpiece clamping device; 6. Powder feeding device; 7. Wire feeding device; 8. Angle code connector; 9. Workpiece; 1-1. High-power laser head; 2-1. Electromagnetic generating pole; 2-2. Wire package; 2-3. Inner partition; 2-4. Horizontal yoke; 2-5. Vertical yoke; 2-6. Column sleeve; 2-7. Lead screw; 2-8. Pressure cover; 2-9. Outer partition; 2-10. 3P terminal; 3-1. Fixable universal wheel; 3-2. Working plane; 3-3. Working plane Table support; 4-1, servo motor; 4-2, ball nut mounting plate; 4-3, induction sheet; 4-4, U-shaped photoelectric sensor; 4-5, screw transmission device; 5-1, clamping support; 5-2, adjusting fastening screw; 5-3, workpiece pressure plate; 6-1, powder feeding nozzle; 6-2, powder feeding quick plug connector; 6-3, shielding gas quick plug connector; 6-4, dovetail groove type two-degree-of-freedom adjustment device; 6-5, powder outlet hole; 6-6, shielding gas outlet hole; 7-1, wire feeding gun; 7-2, dovetail groove type two-degree-of-freedom adjustment device; 7-3, single-degree-of-freedom slide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, a novel functional gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0042] It includes a laser generating device 1, an electromagnetic generating device 2, a working platform 3, a workpiece translation mechanism 4, a workpiece clamping device 5, a powder feeding device 6, and a wire feeding device 7.

[0043] The laser generating device 1 comprises a high-power laser head 1-1, and the two sides of the high-power laser head 1-1 are connected to a powder feeding device 6 and a wire feeding device 7 respectively through angle code connectors 8. The whole device is connected in an "L" shape, occupies a small space, and has flexible usage scenarios, such as Figure 2 shown.

[0044] The powder feeding device 6 includes a powder feeding nozzle 6-1, a powder feeding quick plug connector 6-2, a protective gas quick plug connector 6-3, a dovetail groove two-degree-of-freedom adjustment device 6-4 and an angle code connector 8, which can realize the posture adjustment of the powder feeding device 2 degrees of freedom, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0045] The powder feeding nozzle 6-1 of the powder feeding device 6 is designed as follows: Figure 4 As shown in the partially enlarged view, the powder delivery nozzle 6-1 is divided into two layers, an inner layer and an outer layer: the inner layer is provided with a powder outlet hole 6-5, and powder delivery is achieved by air powder delivery; the outer layer is provided with 10 protective gas outlet holes 6-6, and the protective gas outlet holes and the powder outlet holes are coaxially arranged to constrain the powder action area.

[0046] The wire feeding device 7 includes a wire feeding gun 7-1, a dovetail groove two-degree-of-freedom adjustment device 7-2, a single-degree-of-freedom slide 7-3 and an angle code connector 8, which can realize the three-degree-of-freedom posture adjustment of the wire feeding device, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0047] The electromagnetic generating device 2 of the present invention comprises an electromagnetic generating pole 2-1, a coil 2-2, an inner partition 2-3, a transverse yoke 2-4, a vertical yoke 2-5, a column sleeve 2-6, a lead screw 2-7, a gland 2-8, an outer partition 2-9 and a 3P terminal 2-10. Figure 6 By determining the target distribution gradient of the enhanced particles in FGM-PMMC, the electromagnetic field and the magnitude / direction of the directional Lorentz force generated by it can be specifically regulated to achieve flexible and controllable distribution of the enhanced particles.

[0048] This device realizes high-precision processing of the workpiece 9 through the cooperation of the laser generator 1 and the electromagnetic generator 2. The high-power laser head 1-1 in the laser generator 1 emits laser to locally heat the surface of the workpiece at high temperature. At the same time, the electromagnetic generating pole 2-1 and the coil 2-2 in the electromagnetic generator 2 generate a strong electromagnetic field, and the internal thermoelectric effect of the workpiece is controlled through the stable electromagnetic field, thereby optimizing the processing quality. The workpiece 9 is installed on the working platform 3, and the dynamic adjustment of the processing area is realized through the workpiece translation mechanism 4 to ensure high-precision positioning and stability.

[0049] The workpiece translation mechanism 4 is driven by a servo motor 4-1, which drives the ball nut mounting plate 4-2 to move the workpiece through the screw transmission device 4-5. The U-shaped photoelectric sensor 4-4 and the induction sheet 4-3 monitor the position in real time during the movement process to ensure accurate movement. The workpiece clamping device 5 can firmly clamp workpieces of different thicknesses and sizes through the clamping support 5-1, the adjusting fastening screw 5-2 and the workpiece pressure plate 5-3, and connect the clamping part to the electric field power supply to ensure that a stable electric field is formed inside the workpiece during the processing, thereby improving the consistency of processing.

[0050] The powder feeding device 6 and the wire feeding device 7 are respectively responsible for the precise supply of processing materials. The powder feeding device 6 sprays the powder material evenly into the processing area through the powder feeding nozzle 6-1, and the shielding gas quick plug connector 6-3 cooperates with the shielding gas outlet 6-6 to provide a processing protective atmosphere to prevent oxidation or contamination during the processing. The wire feeding device 7 realizes the precise delivery of welding wire through the wire feeding gun 7-1 and the single-degree-of-freedom slide 7-3. The dovetail groove two-degree-of-freedom adjustment devices 6-4 and 7-2 ensure the precise adjustment of the spatial angles of the powder feeding nozzle and the wire feeding gun to meet complex processing requirements.

[0051] This system achieves overall stability of the equipment through the fixed universal wheel 3-1 of the working platform 3, and the working plane 3-2 on the platform serves as the support plane for workpiece processing. The entire device monitors the working status of the laser, powder feeding, wire feeding, and electromagnetic field in real time, combined with the dynamic adjustment function of the workpiece translation mechanism 4, to ensure the coordination and consistency of each link in the processing process. When a deviation in the processing position or workpiece state is detected, the control system can dynamically adjust the laser power, powder feeding amount or wire feeding speed through feedback signals, and optimize the electromagnetic field parameters at the same time to ensure high stability and accuracy of processing quality.

[0052] like Figure 7As shown, the workpiece translation mechanism 4 of the present invention includes a servo motor 4-1, a ball nut mounting plate 4-2, an induction sheet 4-3, three U-shaped photoelectric sensors 4-4 and a screw transmission device 4-5. According to the set speed and moving distance, the U-shaped photoelectric sensor 4-4 can be used to achieve high-precision movement through the screw transmission device 4-5, and the electromagnetic generating device 2 can be used to ensure the stability of the electromagnetic field in the form of the workpiece 9 moving and the electromagnetic field being fixed. The workpiece clamping device 5 includes a clamping support 5-1, four adjusting and fastening screws 5-2, and four workpiece pressure plates 5-3. It can adapt to workpieces of different plate thicknesses according to the different fastening states of the adjusting and fastening screws 5-2. The workpiece clamping device 5 is connected to the electric field power supply to ensure that a stable electric field is formed inside the workpiece.

[0053] The workpiece clamping device 5 further includes an anti-slip gasket and an elastic adjustment gasket, which are used to effectively prevent the workpiece from sliding and provide uniform pressure during the clamping process to avoid damaging the workpiece surface. Its clamping support 5-1 is made of high-strength material to ensure stability under high load or high electric field environment. By adjusting the fastening screw 5-2, it is possible to quickly adjust workpieces of different sizes, shapes and plate thicknesses. The clamping device also integrates a conductive path, which is connected to the electric field power supply to ensure the efficient formation of a stable electric field in the workpiece.

[0054] The working platform 3 of the present invention comprises a fixed universal wheel 3-1, a working plane member 3-2, and a working platform support member 3-3, which can realize flexible change of the working position of the entire device and stably support the laser processing process in situ, such as Figure 8 shown.

[0055] This device realizes precise projection of high-power laser beam through laser generator 1, and its high-power laser head 1-1 is fixedly connected to powder feeding device 6 and wire feeding device 7 through angle code connector 8, forming a compact "L"-shaped structure. During laser processing, laser head 1-1 provides high-intensity beam for material melting, while powder feeding device 6 and wire feeding device 7 respectively transport metal powder and metal wire to the processing area. The powder feeding and wire feeding paths of the two are precisely aligned coaxially through the laser head, ensuring uniform melting of reinforcing particles and substrate, and realizing laser additive manufacturing of functional gradient composite materials.

[0056] The powder feeding device 6 realizes the free adjustment of the position of the powder feeding nozzle 6-1 through the dovetail groove two-degree-of-freedom adjustment device 6-4 and the angle code connector 8 to adapt to different workpiece shapes and processing requirements. The powder feeding nozzle 6-1 is designed as an inner and outer layer. The inner layer powder outlet hole 6-5 accurately delivers metal powder through gas transmission, while the outer layer protective gas outlet hole 6-6 forms a protective gas flow in a coaxial layout to avoid powder dispersion and achieve stable control of the powder feeding area, thereby improving the processing accuracy and consistency of particle distribution.

[0057] The wire feeding device 7 realizes flexible adjustment of three degrees of freedom through the combination of the dovetail groove two-degree-of-freedom adjustment device 7-2 and the single-degree-of-freedom slide 7-3. The wire feeding gun 7-1 stably delivers the metal wire to the laser processing area, and its position can be fine-tuned according to specific processing requirements. Through this precise adjustment mechanism, uniform and stable wire feeding can be achieved on the surface of workpieces with complex geometric shapes, further improving the structural performance of composite materials.

[0058] The electromagnetic generator 2 generates a directional electromagnetic field through the coil 2-2 and the electromagnetic generating pole 2-1, and combines the structural design of the inner partition 2-3 and the outer partition 2-9 to ensure that the electromagnetic field is evenly distributed in the processing area. By adjusting the lead screw 2-7 and the gland 2-8, the direction and intensity of the electromagnetic field can be dynamically controlled, thereby flexibly regulating the distribution gradient of the enhanced particles in the functional gradient composite material. This method achieves a high degree of controllability of particle distribution by acting on the particles with a directional Lorentz force.

[0059] The workpiece translation mechanism 4 drives the ball nut mounting plate 4-2 and the screw transmission device 4-5 through the servo motor 4-1 to achieve high-precision movement of the workpiece 9, and cooperates with the U-shaped photoelectric sensor 4-4 to accurately monitor the moving distance and speed. This design keeps the electromagnetic field fixed while the workpiece moves, avoiding uneven particle distribution caused by electromagnetic field disturbance, thereby ensuring the stability of the gradient distribution of enhanced particles and processing quality.

[0060] The work platform 3 can be flexibly moved by the fixed universal wheel 3-1 to adapt to different processing environments. During processing, the work plane 3-2 and the work platform support 3-3 provide stable support to avoid vibration during laser processing and ensure that the relative position of the laser head and the workpiece in the processing area remains consistent, thereby achieving high-quality functional gradient composite material manufacturing.

[0061] In summary: the new functional gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment proposed in the present invention can effectively solve the problem of difficult to control the distribution of reinforced particles in traditional LDED technology. Through the silk and powder co-feeding method, this equipment avoids the loss of reinforced particles due to direct laser radiation, while achieving full melting of the metal matrix, taking into account the performance requirements of different components of the composite material. In addition, the equipped electromagnetic field generating device flexibly adjusts the distribution gradient of the particles by generating a directional Lorentz force, meeting the strict requirements of FGM-PMMC for composition and structural gradients. Compared with traditional LDED equipment, the present invention achieves a good balance between high efficiency and high performance. The silk and powder co-feeding device combines the low cost of powder-feeding LDED with the high material utilization rate of wire-feeding LDED. At the same time, through the synergistic effect of the electromagnetic field, it realizes the one-time forming of functional gradient composites, eliminating the cumbersome pre-processing and post-processing steps, greatly improving the processing efficiency and reducing the manufacturing cost. In addition, the 5-DOF adjustable mechanism designed for this equipment enables it to have a wide range of process adaptability. By adjusting the relative positions of the laser, powder and wire, the molten pool characteristics and material migration behavior can be flexibly controlled. It is suitable for a variety of laser processing scenarios, including laser-arc hybrid welding, laser multi-energy field welding, laser powder feeding welding, laser cladding, laser melting injection and other fields.

[0062] In the field of laser-arc hybrid welding, the wire feeding device of this equipment can be used to connect the electric welder with the laser head to achieve laser-arc hybrid welding. In the field of laser multi-energy field welding, an electromagnetic field can be applied to the molten pool during laser welding to adjust the weld strength and porosity. In the field of laser powder feeding welding, the powder feeding device and laser head of this equipment can be used to achieve powder feeding welding and improve the joint strength.

[0063] Fig. 9 This is the test result of using this equipment to control the porosity of the weld by magnetic field during laser welding. With the increase of magnetic field intensity, the penetration depth tends to be stable and the porosity decreases to a certain extent. Fig.10 This is the result of the electric field test using this equipment during laser welding. The applied current threshold is 1.0e6A / m 2 When the value is lower than this value, the weld porosity is similar to the single magnetic field effect. When the value is higher than this value, the weld porosity decreases with the increase of applied current density.

[0064] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new type of functionally gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment, characterized in that: include: Laser generating device, electromagnetic generating device, working platform, workpiece translation mechanism, workpiece clamping device, powder feeding device, wire feeding device; The laser generating device comprises a high-power laser head, and two sides of the high-power laser head are respectively connected to a powder feeding device and a wire feeding device through angle code connectors; the whole device is connected in an "L" shape.

2. The novel functionally gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The powder feeding device comprises a powder feeding air nozzle, a powder feeding quick plug connector, a protective gas quick plug connector, a dovetail groove type two-degree-of-freedom adjustment device and an angle code connector.

3. The novel functionally gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The powder feeding nozzle design of the powder feeding device is divided into two layers, an inner layer and an outer layer: the inner layer is provided with a powder outlet hole, and powder feeding is achieved by air powder feeding; the outer layer is provided with 10 protective gas outlet holes, and the protective gas outlet holes and the powder outlet holes are coaxially arranged to constrain the powder action area.

4. The novel functionally gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The wire feeding device comprises a wire feeding gun, a dovetail groove type two-degree-of-freedom adjustment device, a single-degree-of-freedom slide table and an angle code connector.

5. The novel functionally gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic generating device comprises an electromagnetic generating pole, a coil, an inner partition, a transverse yoke, a vertical yoke, a column sleeve, a lead screw, a gland outer partition and a 3P terminal; by determining the target distribution gradient of the reinforced particles in the FGM-PMMC, the magnitude / direction of the electromagnetic field and the directional Lorentz force generated by it are specifically regulated.

6. The novel functionally gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The workpiece translation mechanism includes a servo motor, a ball nut mounting plate, an induction plate, three U-shaped photoelectric sensors and a screw transmission device. According to the set speed and moving distance, the U-shaped photoelectric sensor can achieve high-precision movement through the screw transmission device, and cooperate with the electromagnetic generating device to ensure the stability of the electromagnetic field in the form of workpiece movement and fixed electromagnetic field; the workpiece clamping device includes a clamping support, 4 adjusting fastening screws, and 4 workpiece pressure plates, and can adapt to workpieces of different plate thicknesses according to the different fastening states of the adjusting fastening screws.

7. The novel functionally gradient particle reinforced composite laser additive manufacturing equipment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The working platform comprises a fixed universal wheel, a working plane component and a working platform supporting component.

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