Propeller hub structure of electric variable pitch propeller

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of variable-pitch propellers, and provides a propeller hub structure of an electric variable-pitch propeller, which comprises a propeller hub central part, a paddle mechanism, an end cover, a torque arm mechanism, a variable-pitch mechanism and a power motor, the end cover is fixedly connected with the propeller hub central piece; the power motor comprises a stator and a rotor, the propeller hub central part is fixedly connected with the rotor, the paddle mechanism comprises paddles and rocker arms, and the roots of the paddles abut against the end cover and are fixedly connected with the rocker arms; the pitch changing mechanism comprises a movable disc, a pull rod assembly, a driving assembly and a moving part, the driving assembly is arranged in the propeller hub center part and fixedly connected with the stator, the output end of the driving assembly is connected with one end of the moving part, and the other end of the moving part is fixedly connected with the movable disc; the other end of the pull rod component is connected with the rocker; by means of the propeller pitch adjusting mechanism, accurate adjustment of the propeller pitch is achieved, and the working efficiency of the propeller is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of variable pitch propellers, and in particular to a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of aircraft technology, it is now being used in more and more fields. The power source of aircraft mostly uses engines and motors to drive fixed-pitch propellers to pull forward or push backward. Fixed-pitch propellers are only efficient within a limited speed range. They have a long taxiing distance and slow climb during takeoff and a long taxiing distance during landing, and are low in economy. Existing variable-pitch propellers use slip rings to power and control the variable-pitch motor and the power supply side. During use, the slip ring itself is greatly affected by the environment and is prone to wear during operation, resulting in poor contact, signal transmission interruption, or reduced power transmission efficiency, affecting the normal operation of the variable-pitch function and even causing failures. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the related art. To this end, the present invention provides a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller, which can achieve accurate adjustment of the pitch and improve the working efficiency of the propeller.

[0004] The present invention provides a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller, comprising: a hub central piece, a blade mechanism, an end cover, a torque arm mechanism, a variable pitch mechanism and a power motor; The end cover is fixedly connected to the hub center piece; The power motor includes a stator and a rotor, the hub central piece is fixedly connected to the rotor, the blade mechanism includes a blade and a rocker arm, the root of the blade abuts against the end cover and is fixedly connected to the rocker arm; The pitch-changing mechanism comprises a moving plate, a tie rod assembly, a driving assembly and a moving part, wherein the driving assembly is arranged inside the central part of the hub and is fixedly connected to the stator, the output end of the driving assembly is connected to one end of the moving part, the other end of the moving part is fixedly connected to the moving plate, one end of the tie rod assembly is fixedly connected to the moving plate, and the other end of the tie rod assembly is connected to the rocker arm; The torque arm mechanism connects the moving plate and the hub central piece.

[0005] According to a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention, the torque arm mechanism includes an upper torque arm and a lower torque arm, one end of the upper torque arm is connected to the moving plate, one end of the lower torque arm is hinged to the other end of the upper torque arm, and the other end of the lower torque arm is connected to the hub central piece.

[0006] According to a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention, the drive assembly includes a variable pitch motor, a lead screw and a lead screw nut, the variable pitch motor is arranged inside the hub central part and fixedly connected to the stator, the output end of the variable pitch motor is connected to one end of the lead screw, the other end of the lead screw extends out of the top end of the hub central part along the axial direction of the hub central part and is threadedly connected to the lead screw nut, and the lead screw nut is fixedly connected to the moving part.

[0007] According to a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention, the moving part includes a slider or a sleeve.

[0008] A hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided according to the present invention also includes an anti-torsion arm mechanism, which includes an upper torque arm and a lower torque arm, one end of the lower torque arm is fixedly connected to the screw nut, the other end of the lower torque arm is hinged to one end of the upper torque arm, and the other end of the upper torque arm is fixedly connected to the slider or the sleeve.

[0009] According to a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention, the drive assembly includes a variable pitch servo, which is arranged inside the hub central component, and the output end of the variable pitch servo is fixedly connected to the moving component.

[0010] According to a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention, a plurality of arm holes are evenly distributed on the outer side wall of the hub central component, and the blades are rotatably matched with the arm holes.

[0011] According to a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention, the blade mechanism also includes a first combined bearing, a second combined bearing, a bearing spacer, a clamping sleeve and a clamping nut; the support arm hole is sleeved on the root of the blade; a clamping nut, a clamping sleeve, a first combined bearing, a bearing spacer and a second combined bearing are sequentially arranged from inside to outside in the gap between the support arm hole and the root of the blade and are all sleeved on the root of the blade; the clamping nut is threadedly connected to the root of the blade; the inner ring of the second combined bearing abuts against the shoulder of the root of the blade; and the outer ring of the second combined bearing abuts against the boss inside the support arm hole.

[0012] According to a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention, the first combined bearing includes a needle roller angular contact combined bearing, and the second combined bearing includes a needle roller thrust combined bearing.

[0013] According to a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention, a rotary bearing is provided between the moving plate and the moving part.

[0014] The above one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller is provided in which a drive assembly is fixedly connected to a stator, and a hub center piece is fixedly connected to a rotor, thereby solving the problem of the structure in the prior art requiring the use of a slip ring for power supply, and achieving the goal that only the hub center piece needs to rotate during rotation, while the drive assembly and the fuselage are relatively stationary, thereby ensuring the working efficiency of the variable pitch mechanism and saving energy at the same time.

[0015] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is the third structural schematic diagram of the hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 It is an exploded view of a pitch-changing mechanism of a hub structure of an electric variable-pitch propeller provided by the present invention.

[0021] Reference numerals: 1. Hub center piece; 2. Blade mechanism; 21. Blade; 22. Rocker arm; 23. First combined bearing; 24. Second combined bearing; 25. Bearing spacer; 26. Compression sleeve; 27. Compression nut; 3. End cover; 4. Torque arm mechanism; 41. Upper torque arm; 42. Lower torque arm; 5. Pitch change mechanism; 51. Moving plate; 52. Tie rod assembly; 53. Drive assembly; 531. Pitch change motor; 532. Lead screw; 533. Lead screw nut; 54. Moving part; 55. Rotating bearing; 56. Bearing inner ring pressure plate; 57. Bearing outer ring pressure plate; 58. Compression bolt; 6. Anti-twist arm mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0025] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0026] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0027] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention. Figure 2 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention. Figure 3 This is the third structural schematic diagram of the hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention. Figure 4 It is an exploded view of a pitch-changing mechanism of a hub structure of an electric variable-pitch propeller provided by the present invention.

[0028] The present invention provides a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the hub structure of the electric variable pitch propeller includes: a hub center piece 1, a blade mechanism 2, an end cover 3, a torque arm mechanism 4, a pitch mechanism 5 and a power motor; The end cover 3 is fixedly connected to the hub central piece 1; The power motor includes a stator and a rotor, the hub central component 1 is fixedly connected to the rotor, the blade mechanism 2 includes a blade 21 and a rocker arm 22, the root of the blade 21 abuts against the end cover 3 and is fixedly connected to the rocker arm 22; The pitch changing mechanism 5 comprises a moving plate 51, a tie rod assembly 52, a driving assembly 53 and a moving member 54, wherein the driving assembly 53 is arranged inside the hub central member 1 and is fixedly connected to the stator, an output end of the driving assembly 53 is connected to one end of the moving member 54, the other end of the moving member 54 is fixedly connected to the moving plate 51, one end of the tie rod assembly 52 is fixedly connected to the moving plate 51, and the other end of the tie rod assembly 52 is connected to the rocker arm 22; The torque arm mechanism 4 connects the moving plate 51 and the hub central component 1 .

[0029] In this embodiment, by setting the drive component 53 fixedly connected to the stator and the hub center piece 1 fixedly connected to the rotor, the structure in the prior art that needs to use a slip ring for power supply is solved, and it is achieved that during the rotation process, only the hub center piece 1 needs to rotate, and the drive component 53 and the fuselage are relatively stationary, thereby ensuring the working efficiency of the pitch change mechanism 5 and saving energy at the same time.

[0030] According to some embodiments of the invention, during the flight of the aircraft, the power motor drives the rotor to rotate, and the hub central part 1 drives the blade mechanism 2 to rotate with the rotor. When the pitch needs to be changed, the drive assembly 53 is actuated to drive the moving part 54 to move axially and then drive the moving disk 51 to move up and down. The moving disk 51 is connected to the blade 21 through a pull rod. The up and down movement of the moving disk 51 drives the blade 21 to swing, thereby adjusting the pitch.

[0031] According to some embodiments of the invention, a torque arm mechanism 4 is provided to connect the moving plate 51 and the hub central piece 1, thereby preventing relative rotation between the moving plate 51 and the hub central piece 1.

[0032] According to some embodiments of the invention, a plurality of torque arm mechanisms 4 are evenly distributed around the moving plate 51 .

[0033] According to some embodiments of the invention, the moving member 54 includes one of a slider, a sleeve, and an output rod.

[0034] According to the present invention, a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller is provided, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the torque arm mechanism 4 includes an upper torque arm 41 and a lower torque arm 42, one end of the upper torque arm 41 is connected to the moving plate 51, one end of the lower torque arm 42 is hinged to the other end of the upper torque arm 41, and the other end of the lower torque arm 42 is connected to the hub central part 1.

[0035] In this embodiment, by providing the upper torque arm 41 and the lower torque arm 42, the axial relative movement between the moving disk 51 and the hub center piece 1 is achieved while ensuring that no relative rotation occurs between the moving disk 51 and the hub center piece 1.

[0036] According to some embodiments provided by the present invention, a hinge shaft is provided between the upper torque arm 41 and the lower torque arm 42 .

[0037] According to some embodiments provided by the present invention, the moving part 54 drives the moving plate 51 to move up and down, and only relative rotation occurs between the hub central part 1 and the fuselage, and no axial movement occurs. During the movement of the moving plate 51, the upper torque arm 41 and the lower torque arm 42 rotate along the hinge axis.

[0038] According to the present invention, a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller is provided, such as Figures 2 to 4As shown, the driving assembly 53 includes a pitch-changing motor 531, a lead screw 532 and a lead screw nut 533. The pitch-changing motor 531 is arranged inside the hub central part 1 and is fixedly connected to the stator. The output end of the pitch-changing motor 531 is connected to one end of the lead screw 532. The other end of the lead screw 532 extends out of the top end of the hub central part 1 along the axial direction of the hub central part 1 and is threadedly connected to the lead screw nut 533. The lead screw nut 533 is fixedly connected to the moving part 54.

[0039] In this embodiment, the rotation is converted into linear motion by arranging the lead screw 532 and the lead screw nut 533 to cooperate with each other.

[0040] According to some embodiments provided by the present invention, the variable pitch motor 531 and the lead screw 532 are connected via a coupling.

[0041] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the variable pitch motor 531 drives the lead screw 532 to rotate, and the lead screw nut 533 moves up and down along the lead screw 532, thereby driving the moving member 54 to move up and down.

[0042] According to a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention, the moving member 54 includes a slider or a sleeve.

[0043] According to the present invention, a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller is provided, such as Figure 3 As shown, the hub structure of the electric variable pitch propeller also includes an anti-torsion arm mechanism 6, which includes an upper torque arm and a lower torque arm, one end of the lower torque arm is fixedly connected to the screw nut 533, the other end of the lower torque arm is hinged to one end of the upper torque arm, and the other end of the upper torque arm is fixedly connected to the slider or sleeve.

[0044] In this embodiment, the upper torsion arm and the lower torsion arm are hinged to ensure that the slider or sleeve does not rotate with the lead screw 532, while ensuring the relative movement between the lead screw 532 and the moving member 54.

[0045] According to a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention, the drive assembly 53 includes a variable pitch servo, which is arranged inside the hub central component 1, and the output end of the variable pitch servo is fixedly connected to the moving component 54.

[0046] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a brake is provided at the bottom end of the variable pitch servo to ensure the control accuracy of the variable pitch of the blades 21.

[0047] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the moving member 54 is an output rod, and the variable pitch servo directly drives the output rod to move up and down, thereby driving the moving plate 51 to move.

[0048] According to a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention, a plurality of arm holes are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the hub central component 1, and the blades 21 are rotatably matched with the arm holes.

[0049] According to the present invention, a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller is provided, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the blade mechanism 2 also includes a first combined bearing 23, a second combined bearing 24, a bearing spacer 25, a clamping sleeve 26 and a clamping nut 27. The support arm hole is sleeved at the root of the blade 21. The clamping nut 27, the clamping sleeve 26, the first combined bearing 23, the bearing spacer 25 and the second combined bearing 24 are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside in the gap between the support arm hole and the root of the blade 21 and are all sleeved at the root of the blade 21. The clamping nut 27 is threadedly connected to the root of the blade 21, the inner ring of the second combined bearing 24 abuts against the shaft shoulder of the root of the blade 21, and the outer ring of the second combined bearing 24 abuts against the support arm hole.

[0050] In this embodiment, by arranging the first combined bearing 23 and the second combined bearing 24 to cooperate, the load bearing capacity of the propeller is improved, and at the same time it is beneficial to improve the stability of the propeller operation. The root structure of the blade 21 is compact and can effectively reduce the weight.

[0051] According to some embodiments of the present invention, sealing rings are designed at both ends of the support arm hole of the hub central part 1 and the root of the blade 21, and an O-ring is designed between the end cover 3 and the hub central part 1 to prevent external media from entering and affecting the rotation of the first combined bearing 23 and the second combined bearing 24. It can also prevent grease leakage, reduce the frequency of grease replenishment, save energy and improve the maintainability of the product.

[0052] According to a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller provided by the present invention, the first combined bearing 23 includes a needle roller angular contact combined bearing, and the second combined bearing 24 includes a needle roller thrust combined bearing.

[0053] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the needle roller thrust combination bearing and the needle roller angular contact combination bearing cooperate to bear axial loads, radial loads and bending moments.

[0054] According to the present invention, a hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller is provided, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a rotary bearing 55 is provided between the moving plate 51 and the moving member 54 .

[0055] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the rotary bearing 55 comprises a spherical roller bearing.

[0056] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the pitch changing mechanism 5 also includes a bearing inner ring pressure plate 56, a bearing outer ring pressure plate 57 and a clamping bolt 58. The inner ring of the rotating bearing 55 is sleeved on the moving part 54, and the rotating bearing 55 is fixedly matched with the moving part 54 through the bearing inner ring pressure plate 56. The moving disk 51 is sleeved on the outer ring of the rotating bearing 55, and the rotating bearing 55 is fixedly matched with the moving disk 51 through the bearing outer ring pressure plate 57. The bearing inner ring pressure plate 56 and the bearing outer ring pressure plate 57 are respectively fixed by clamping bolts 58. A moving boss is provided on the outer wall of the moving part 54, and the moving boss abuts against the lower end of the rotating bearing 55.

[0057] The technical solution of the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with a specific embodiment. It should be noted that this specific embodiment is only for those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be regarded as an unreasonable limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0058] Embodiment 1 After the pitch-changing motor receives the command, the motor drives the lead screw to rotate, which further drives the lead screw nut. The lead screw nut drives the moving part to move up and down. During the up and down movement of the moving plate along the lead screw, the rocker arm is connected to the moving plate through the pull rod assembly. The rocker arm and the root of the blade are fixedly connected, thereby converting the linear motion of the moving plate and the connecting rod assembly into rotation of the blade assembly around the support arm hole. During the rotation, the blade angle changes, thereby adjusting the pitch.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hub structure of an electric variable pitch propeller, characterized in that: include: Hub center piece, blade mechanism, end cover, torque arm mechanism, pitch change mechanism and power motor; The end cover is fixedly connected to the hub center piece; The power motor includes a stator and a rotor, the hub central piece is fixedly connected to the rotor, the blade mechanism includes a blade and a rocker arm, the root of the blade abuts against the end cover and is fixedly connected to the rocker arm; The pitch-changing mechanism comprises a moving plate, a tie rod assembly, a driving assembly and a moving part, wherein the driving assembly is arranged inside the central part of the hub and is fixedly connected to the stator, the output end of the driving assembly is connected to one end of the moving part, the other end of the moving part is fixedly connected to the moving plate, one end of the tie rod assembly is fixedly connected to the moving plate, and the other end of the tie rod assembly is connected to the rocker arm; The torque arm mechanism connects the moving plate and the hub central piece.

2. The hub structure of the electric variable pitch propeller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The torque arm mechanism comprises an upper torque arm and a lower torque arm, one end of the upper torque arm is connected to the moving plate, one end of the lower torque arm is hinged to the other end of the upper torque arm, and the other end of the lower torque arm is connected to the hub central piece.

3. The hub structure of the electric variable pitch propeller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive assembly includes a pitch-changing motor, a lead screw and a lead screw nut. The pitch-changing motor is arranged inside the hub central part and is fixedly connected to the stator. The output end of the pitch-changing motor is connected to one end of the lead screw. The other end of the lead screw extends out of the top end of the hub central part along the axial direction of the hub central part and is threadedly connected to the lead screw nut. The lead screw nut is fixedly connected to the moving part.

4. The hub structure of the electric variable pitch propeller according to claim 3, characterized in that: The moving part includes a slider or a sleeve.

5. The hub structure of the electric variable pitch propeller according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes an anti-torsion arm mechanism, which includes an upper torque arm and a lower torque arm, one end of the lower torque arm is fixedly connected to the screw nut, the other end of the lower torque arm is hinged to one end of the upper torque arm, and the other end of the upper torque arm is fixedly connected to the slider or the sleeve.

6. The hub structure of the electric variable pitch propeller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a variable pitch servo, which is arranged inside the hub central component and fixedly connected to the stator, and an output end of the variable pitch servo is fixedly connected to the moving component.

7. The hub structure of the electric variable pitch propeller according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of arm holes are evenly distributed on the outer side wall of the hub central piece, and the blades are rotatably matched with the arm holes.

8. The hub structure of the electric variable pitch propeller according to claim 7, characterized in that: The blade mechanism also includes a first combined bearing, a second combined bearing, a bearing spacer, a clamping sleeve and a clamping nut. The arm hole is sleeved on the root of the blade. A clamping nut, a clamping sleeve, a first combined bearing, a bearing spacer and a second combined bearing are sequentially arranged from inside to outside in the gap between the arm hole and the root of the blade and are all sleeved on the root of the blade. The clamping nut is threadedly connected to the root of the blade, the inner ring of the second combined bearing abuts against the shoulder of the root of the blade, and the outer ring of the second combined bearing abuts against the boss inside the arm hole.

9. The hub structure of the electric variable pitch propeller according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first combined bearing comprises a needle roller angular contact combined bearing, and the second combined bearing comprises a needle roller thrust combined bearing.

10. The hub structure of the electric variable pitch propeller according to claim 8, characterized in that: A rotary bearing is arranged between the moving plate and the moving member.

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