Preparation method of adjustable organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of an adjustable organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: providing the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by a target crop, and collecting various wastes; grouping the fertilizer component concentrations of the same type of material sources in the multiple wastes, and adjusting the composition of the grouped multiple wastes according to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by the target crops to form a composite material source; and performing an anaerobic fermentation process on the composite material source. The anaerobic fermentation process comprises the following steps: introducing a composite material source into an acidification tank to obtain a first mixture; and introducing the first mixture into a methanation tank to obtain a second mixture. Furthermore, the method also includes separating the second mixture to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, the biogas residue being an organic fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] As the circular economy becomes mainstream, how to convert waste into resources and reduce carbon emissions has gradually attracted the attention of the industry and the government. Organic waste includes livestock manure, waste diatomaceous earth, food processing sludge, brewing sludge, agricultural sludge, animal residues and plant residues. Common organic waste includes livestock waste, agricultural waste and food waste. Under the environmental protection demand for a sustainable environment, how to effectively treat and utilize organic waste has become an important issue in the current industry.

[0003] Take livestock manure as an example. Depending on the type of poultry and livestock raised, the nitrogen, phosphorus anhydride and potassium oxide contained in the feed will be excreted from the body with the manure. Therefore, livestock manure contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, other nutrients and organic matter required for the growth of general crops, and can be used as raw materials for organic fertilizers. Specifically, nitrogen fertilizer is the main component for making chlorophyll and can be used as leaf fertilizer. Seedlings and foliage plants have a high demand for nitrogen fertilizer; phosphorus fertilizer can promote flower bud differentiation and flowering, and can be used as flower fertilizer or fruit fertilizer. Flower and fruit plants have a high demand for phosphorus fertilizer; potassium fertilizer can strengthen rhizomes and can be used as stem fertilizer or fruit fertilizer. Flower seedlings or mature plants have a high demand for potassium fertilizer.

[0004] Organic waste has the potential to be used as raw materials for organic fertilizer. If it can be effectively recycled, it can not only reduce the impact on the environment, but also increase soil productivity. However, general organic waste only forms a single low-concentration biogas residue fertilizer after anaerobic fermentation, which cannot be adjusted to meet the fertilizer needs of different crops. It needs to be adjusted through aerobic composting and adding animal and plant residues before it can be applied to the soil.

[0005] As mentioned above, the existing methods for preparing organic fertilizers from organic wastes have not yet fully met the needs in all aspects. Developing methods for preparing organic fertilizers that can further improve the recycling rate and applicability of organic wastes is still a topic of concern in related fields. Summary of the invention

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer is provided, comprising the following steps: providing the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by the target crop, collecting a plurality of wastes; grouping the fertilizer concentrations of the same type of source materials in the plurality of wastes respectively, and adjusting the composition of the grouped plurality of wastes according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by the target crop to form a composite source material; and performing an anaerobic fermentation process on the composite source material. The anaerobic fermentation process comprises: introducing the composite source material into an acidification tank to obtain a first mixture; and introducing the first mixture into a methanogenic tank to obtain a second mixture. The acidification tank contains acidifying bacteria, and the pH value of the acidification tank is between 3 and 7.5, and the temperature is between 30°C and 60°C. The methanogenic tank contains methanogenic bacteria, and the pH value of the methanogenic tank is between 6 and 8, and the temperature is between 30°C and 60°C. Furthermore, the method further comprises separating the second mixture to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, and the biogas residue is organic fertilizer.

[0007] In order to make the features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, several embodiments are given below with reference to the accompanying drawings for detailed description as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 Shown is a flow chart of steps of a method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0009] Figure 2A Shows a schematic diagram of temperature changes in an acidification tank and a methanation tank during an anaerobic fermentation process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0010] Figure 2B Shows a schematic diagram of pH value changes in an acidification tank and a methanogenation tank during an anaerobic fermentation process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 2C Shown is a schematic diagram of the concentration change of volatile suspended solids (VSS) during the anaerobic fermentation process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 3A as well as Figure 3B The growth conditions of seeds of the control group and the biogas residue sample group are respectively shown according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 3C Showing the seed germination patterns of the control group and the biogas residue sample group according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3D Showing the analysis results of the germination index of the control group and the biogas residue sample group according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4A as well as Figure 4BThe results of a potted test of lettuce are shown, wherein the potted plants on the left are the control group cultivated with water, the potted plants in the middle are the comparative group cultivated with commercially available organic fertilizer (Fushou brand Fushoufu green manure (4-7-2) mixed organic fertilizer, fertilizer item (number): mixed organic fertilizer (5-12)), and the potted plants on the right are the example group cultivated with the biogas residue of Example 4;

[0016] Figure 5A as well as Figure 5B The results of the potted test of shallots are shown, wherein the potted plants on the left are the control group cultivated with water, the potted plants in the middle are the comparative group cultivated with commercially available organic fertilizer (Fushou brand Fushoufu green manure (4-7-2) mixed organic fertilizer, fertilizer item (number): mixed organic fertilizer (5-12)), and the potted plants on the right are the example group cultivated with the biogas residue of Example 4;

[0017] Fig. 6A Shows a schematic diagram of temperature changes in an acidification tank and a methanation tank during an anaerobic fermentation process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 6B Shows a schematic diagram of pH value changes in an acidification tank and a methanogenation tank during an anaerobic fermentation process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6C Shown is a schematic diagram of the concentration change of chemical oxygen demand (COD) during an anaerobic fermentation process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Fig. 7A Shows a schematic diagram of changes in methane production during an anaerobic fermentation process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 7B Shows a schematic diagram of changes in methane and carbon dioxide concentrations during an anaerobic fermentation process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Fig. 8A as well as Figure 8B The growth conditions of seeds of the control group and the biogas residue sample group are respectively shown according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Fig. 9A The results of a potted test of Chinese cabbage in one embodiment are shown;

[0024] Fig. 9B Shows the results of a potted test of Chinese cabbage in a comparative example;

[0025] Fig. 9C Shows the results of a potted test of Chinese cabbage in a comparative example;

[0026] Fig.10 Showing the growth of seeds of a digestate sample group according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Fig.11 The results of the potted test of small-fruited tomatoes are shown, which are the control group, comparative example group 1, comparative example group 2, and embodiment group from left to right. Among them, the potted plants of the control group were cultivated with water only without adding fertilizer, the potted plants of comparative example group 1 were cultivated with a commercially available chemical fertilizer group (Nongyou brand nitrophosphate-based Heiwangte No. 43 organic compound fertilizer, nitrogen: phosphorus anhydride: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: calcium oxide: organic matter (15:15:15:3:7.5:3)), the potted plants of comparative example group 2 were cultivated with a commercially available organic fertilizer group (Fushou brand Fushoufu green manure mixed organic fertilizer, nitrogen: phosphorus anhydride: potassium oxide (4:7:2)), and the potted plants of the embodiment group were cultivated with biogas residue corresponding to small-fruited tomatoes, nitrogen: phosphorus anhydride: potassium oxide (3:2:2);

[0028] FIG. 12A to FIG. 12D The figures show the growth results of small-fruited tomatoes in outdoor pots on the 21st day after planting.

[0029] Wherein, the reference numerals are:

[0030] M1: Preparation method of adjustable organic fertilizer

[0031] S10, S12, S14, S14-1, S14-2, S16: Steps DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The preparation method of the adjustable organic fertilizer of the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below.It should be understood that the following narration provides many different embodiments or examples, in order to implement the different states of some embodiments of the present invention.The specific assembly and arrangement described below are only simple and clear descriptions of some embodiments of the present invention.Certainly, these are only used for example and not limitation of the present invention.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. It is understood that these terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the background or context of the relevant technology and the present invention, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal manner unless specifically defined in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] In view of the demand for organic waste reduction faced by the current industry and the market demand for related technical products and services, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing adjustable organic fertilizer using organic waste, which can adjust the feed composition of organic waste to form a composite material source with suitable fertilizer according to the growth requirements of target crops (for example, the required ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), thereby optimizing anaerobic fermentation reaction, reducing the metabolic pathway of high concentration of ammonia nitrogen to inhibit anaerobic organisms, and then accelerating the stabilization of organic matter and converting it into an organic fertilizer with a fertilizer composition suitable for target crops. In particular, the fertilizer composition of the organic fertilizer obtained is adjustable through the adjustment of the composite material source, that is, the fertilizer composition of the organic fertilizer can be optimized according to different target crops. Therefore, the organic fertilizer formed by the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be directly applied to the soil without the need for aerobic composting and adding procedures such as animal and plant meal to adjust the fertilizer.

[0035] Figure 1 1 shows a flow chart of steps of a method M1 for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer according to some embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that, according to some embodiments, additional steps may be added before, during and / or after the method M1 for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer described below, or some steps may be replaced or omitted.

[0036] The method M1 for preparing adjustable organic fertilizer includes step S10: providing the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by the target crop and collecting a variety of wastes. Specifically, organic wastes containing the nutrient elements (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) required by the target crop can be collected, and the appropriate type of organic waste can be selected according to the fertilizer requirements of the target crop.

[0037] The target crop may be any edible plant and / or ornamental plant. According to some embodiments, the target crop may include vegetables, fruit trees / fruits, grains, beans, root crops, plant materials, melons, grassland plants, lawns, spice plants, flowers, other suitable crops or a combination of the foregoing, but not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, vegetables may include, for example, lettuce, shallots, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, large tomatoes, spinach, broccoli, onions, green peppers, etc., but not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, fruit trees / fruits may include small fruit tomatoes, apples, citrus, pears, grapes, peaches, cherries, walnuts, almonds, bananas, strawberries, etc., but not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, cereals may include, for example, rice, barley, wheat, rye, oats, corn, sorghum, etc., but not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, beans may include, for example, soybeans, red beans, beans, broad beans, peas, peanuts, etc., but not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, root crops may include, for example, carrots, potatoes, sweet potatoes, radishes, lotus roots, kohlrabi, etc., but not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, plant raw materials may include cotton, hemp, rapeseed, beet, hops, sugar cane, beet, olive, rubber, coffee, tobacco, tea, etc., but are not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, melons may include pumpkin, cucumber, watermelon, cantaloupe, etc., but are not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, grassland plants may include orchard grass, sorghum, cattail grass, clover, alfalfa, etc., but are not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, lawns may include Taipei grass, Kangsui grass, etc., but are not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, spice plants may include lavender, rosemary, thyme, parsley, pepper, ginger, etc., but are not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, flowers may include chrysanthemum, rose, orchid, etc., but are not limited thereto.

[0038] The waste may be waste containing organic matter. According to some embodiments, the waste may include livestock waste, agricultural waste, food waste, other waste containing organic matter, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, livestock waste may include livestock manure and urine, such as pig manure, chicken manure, pig urine, chicken urine, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, agricultural waste may include biological agricultural waste, agricultural material waste, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, food waste may include raw kitchen waste, cooked kitchen waste, food waste from a food factory, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.

[0039] Furthermore, the preparation method M1 of the adjustable organic fertilizer includes step S12: grouping the fertilizer concentrations of the same type of source materials in the multiple wastes, and adjusting the composition of the grouped multiple wastes according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by the target crop to form a composite source material. According to some embodiments, the step of grouping the fertilizer concentrations of the same type of source materials in the multiple wastes may include analyzing the total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus anhydride (P2O5) and total potassium oxide (K2O) component concentrations of the same source materials (source materials of the same type, for example, the same source materials of raw kitchen waste, cooked kitchen waste, breeder manure, laying hen manure, broiler manure, black pig manure or white pig manure) in the multiple wastes, but is not limited thereto. In other words, according to some embodiments, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus anhydride and total potassium oxide in the wastes can be used as fertilizers. According to some embodiments, other nutrients of various wastes may also be analyzed, for example, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co) or other elements required by target crops, but not limited thereto. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) may be used to analyze the total nitrogen, total phosphorus anhydride, and total potassium oxide components of various wastes.

[0040] In addition, according to some embodiments, the step of adjusting the composition of the various wastes to form a composite source according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required by the target crop may include adjusting the feed amount of the various wastes through mass balance calculation, so that the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the composite source are higher than the required concentrations of the target crop. In detail, considering that in the subsequent anaerobic fermentation biological metabolism reaction, microorganisms will also use nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium as nutrients required for cell growth, and that microorganisms fight against the loss of potassium ions caused by acidification and proton imbalance caused by high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in the environment, the fertilizer concentration in the composite source is adjusted to be higher than the fertilizer concentration set for the target crop.

[0041] According to some embodiments, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations of the composite feed source are 1 to 4 times, or 2 to 3 times, higher than the required concentrations of the target crop. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the concentration ratio of nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium of the composite feed source is 1 to 6:1 to 6:1 to 6, but is not limited thereto. The concentrations of nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium of the composite feed source can be adjusted to correspond to different target crops.

[0042] For example, according to some embodiments, the target crop is shallots, and the fertilizer concentration ratio of nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium (vol%) required by shallots is about 2:1:1. The feed amounts of various wastes can be adjusted through mass balance calculation so that the nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium (vol%) in the composite material source is about 3-5:1-3:1-3, for example, 3:1:1, 3:1:2, 3:2:2, 4:2:2, 4:2:3, 4:3:3, 5:2:3 or 5:3:3, but not limited to this. According to other embodiments, the target crop is lettuce, and the fertilizer concentration ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (vol%) required for lettuce is about 2:2:1. The feed amount of various wastes can be adjusted by mass balance calculation, so that the nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (vol%) in the composite source is about 2-5:2-5:2-4, for example, 2:2:2, 2:3:3, 3:3:2, 3:3:3, 3:4:2, 4:3:2, 4:3:3, 4:4:3, 4:5:3, 5:4:3 or 5:5:3, but not limited thereto. According to other embodiments, the target crop is Chinese cabbage, and the fertilizer concentration ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (vol%) required for Chinese cabbage is about 4:3:3. The feed amount of various wastes can be adjusted by mass balance calculation, so that the nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (vol%) in the composite source is about 2-6:2-6:2-6, for example, 5:4:4, but not limited thereto. According to other embodiments, the target crop is tomatoes, and the fertilizer concentration ratio of nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium (vol%) required for tomatoes is approximately 3:2:2. The feed amounts of various wastes can be adjusted through mass balance calculations so that the nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium (vol%) in the composite material source is approximately 2-5:2-5:2-5, for example, 4:3:3, but not limited to this.

[0043] Furthermore, the preparation method M1 of the adjustable organic fertilizer includes step S14: performing an anaerobic fermentation process on the composite material source. Further, the anaerobic fermentation process may include step S14-1: introducing the composite material source into an acidification tank to obtain a first mixture, and step S14-2: introducing the first mixture into a methanation tank to obtain a second mixture. The anaerobic fermentation process can be used to treat the composite material source to generate biogas residue, biogas slurry and biogas, and the biogas may contain methane. In detail, the anaerobic fermentation process can decompose and transform small molecular organic matter through the biochemical metabolism of microorganisms to produce biogas residue, biogas slurry and biogas. The anaerobic fermentation process can be performed by a high-temperature anaerobic co-digestion system including an acidification tank and a methanation tank.

[0044] The acidification tank contains acidifying bacteria, and the pH value of the acidification tank may be between 3 and 7.5, and the temperature may be between 30° C. and 60° C. According to some embodiments, the reaction pH value of the acidification tank may be pH 3.5, pH 4, pH 4.5, pH 5, pH 5.5, pH 6, pH 6.5, or pH 7, but is not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, the acidifying bacteria may include Defluviitoga, Thermoanaerobacterales, Syntrophomonadaceae, Synergistaceae, Limnochordales, Tepidimicrobium, Symbiobacterium, Syntrophaceticus, other suitable acidifying bacteria, or combinations thereof, but are not limited thereto.

[0045] According to some embodiments, the reaction temperature of the acidification tank may be between 35°C and 55°C, for example, 40°C, 45°C or 50°C, but not limited thereto. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the capacity of the acidification tank may be between 5 liters and 10 liters, for example, 6 liters, 7 liters, 8 liters or 9 liters, but not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the acidification tank may be between 3 days and 10 days, for example, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days or 9 days, but not limited thereto.

[0046] The methanogen tank contains methanogens, and the pH value of the methanogen tank may be between 6 and 8, and the temperature may be between 30° C. and 60° C. According to some embodiments, the reaction pH value of the methanogen tank may be pH 6.5, pH 7, or pH 7.5, but is not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, the reaction temperature of the methanogen tank may be between 35° C. and 55° C., for example, 40° C., 45° C., or 50° C., but is not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, the methanogens may include Methanoculleus, Methanospirillum, Methanothermobacter, Methanosarcina, other suitable methanogens, or combinations thereof, but are not limited thereto. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the capacity of the methanation tank may be between 10 liters and 20 liters, for example, 11 liters, 12 liters, 13 liters, 14 liters, 15 liters, 16 liters, 17 liters, 18 liters, or 19 liters, but not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, the hydraulic retention time of the methanation tank may be between 15 days and 25 days, for example, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, 21 days, 22 days, 23 days, or 24 days, but not limited thereto.

[0047] According to some embodiments, the dominant acidifying bacteria in the anaerobic co-digestion system may include Defluviitoga, Thermoanaerobacterales, Syntrophomonadaceae, Synergistaceae, Limnochordales, Tepidimicrobium, Symbiobacterium, Syntrophaceticus, other suitable acidifying bacteria or a combination of the foregoing, but not limited thereto. According to some embodiments, the dominant acidifying bacteria account for about 35% to 55% of the microbial community, for example, 40%, 45% or 50%, but not limited thereto.

[0048] According to some embodiments, the dominant methanogens in the anaerobic co-digestion system include Methanoculleus, Methanospirillum, Methanothermobacter, and Methanosarcina. According to some embodiments, the dominant methanogens account for about 5% to 10% of the microbial community, for example, 6%, 7%, 8% or 9%, but are not limited thereto.

[0049] It is worth noting that as the rate of microbial hydrolysis, acidification and methane production increases, high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen will be released, inhibiting the metabolic pathways of anaerobic organisms. However, the acidifying bacteria and methanogens used in the embodiments of the present invention have the characteristics of being resistant to high ammonia nitrogen concentrations, which can improve the reaction rate of anaerobic fermentation, thereby accelerating the composting and stabilization of organic matter and converting it into an organic fertilizer with a fertilizer composition suitable for the target crops.

[0050] According to some embodiments, the total solid content (TS) of the feed (composite material source) can be increased by configuring the aforementioned anaerobic fermentation process. Specifically, according to some embodiments, the total solid content of the composite material source can be between 5% and 15%, for example, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14% or 15%, but is not limited thereto. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the composite source may be between 800 mg / L and 4000 mg / L, or between 900 mg / L and 3000 mg / L, or between 1000 mg / L and 2500 mg / L, for example, 1100 mg / L, 1200 mg / L, 1300 mg / L, 1400 mg / L, 1500 mg / L, 1600 mg / L, 1700 mg / L, 1800 mg / L, 1900 mg / L, 2000 mg / L, 2100 mg / L, 2200 mg / L, 2300 mg / L or 2400 mg / L, but is not limited thereto.

[0051] According to some embodiments, the volatile suspended solids (VSS) removal rate of the aforementioned high temperature anaerobic co-digestion system can reach more than 60%, for example, more than 65%, more than 70%, or more than 75%. According to some embodiments, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of the aforementioned high temperature anaerobic co-digestion system can reach more than 60%, for example, more than 65%, more than 70%, or more than 75%.

[0052] Next, the method M1 for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer comprises step S16: separating the second mixture to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residue, wherein the biogas residue is an organic fertilizer. Specifically, the products of the anaerobic fermentation process can be separated into solid, liquid and gas to obtain biogas residue, biogas slurry and biogas. According to some embodiments, the biogas residue can be further concentrated and dehydrated. According to some embodiments, the biogas can be subjected to a biological desulfurization step to obtain methane, which can be used as natural gas for power generation.

[0053] It is noteworthy that the biogas residue obtained by separating the second mixture does not need to be adjusted for fertilizer and can be used as organic fertilizer. The biogas residue does not need to be subjected to aerobic composting and adding animal and plant meal to adjust the fertilizer, and can be directly applied to the soil. In other words, the preparation method M1 of the adjustable organic fertilizer may not include an aerobic fermentation step. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the carbon / nitrogen (C / N) ratio of the obtained organic fertilizer may be between 10 and 20, for example, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 or 19, but is not limited thereto. The carbon / nitrogen (C / N) ratio of the obtained organic fertilizer meets the requirements of the Fertilizer Management Act (C / N<20). According to some embodiments, the fertilizer content of the organic fertilizer is substantially less than the fertilizer content in a variety of wastes. For example, the fertilizer content of a variety of wastes and organic fertilizers all contain total nitrogen, total phosphatic anhydride and total potassium oxide, and the ratio of total nitrogen: total phosphatic anhydride: total potassium oxide in the organic fertilizer is less than the ratio of total nitrogen: total phosphatic anhydride: total potassium oxide in the various wastes.

[0054] In order to make the above and other purposes, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, several embodiments and comparative examples are given below for detailed description, which are not intended to limit the contents of the present invention.

[0055] Example 1 - Material Source Characteristics Analysis

[0056] First, agricultural waste (crushed raw kitchen waste, cooked kitchen waste, etc.) and livestock manure (pig manure, chicken manure, pig urine, chicken urine, etc.) were collected as raw materials for composite material sources, and then the components of the aforementioned waste were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The analysis results are shown in Table 1 below. The unit percentage (%) used in Table 1 is volume percentage (vol%).

[0057] Table 1

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Furthermore, the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium rapid screening reagent is used to confirm the fertilizer concentration. Agricultural waste is placed in a centrifuge tube, and after adding an appropriate polymer flocculant for solid water extraction, the clarified liquid in the upper layer of the centrifuge tube is taken and poured into the colorimetric container. The supernatant liquid is taken, and after adding the reagent powder and covering the cup lid, it is shaken vigorously to dissolve the powder in the supernatant liquid. The color of the middle window of the color box is observed, and the corresponding color scale is compared. The concentration of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in the source can be quickly analyzed on-site at the test site. It should be noted that the rapid screening reagent is a laboratory-made color formula, the purpose of which is to confirm the range of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the actual field, and to determine the amount of waste feed in the field for subsequent allocation. After the laboratory-made formula is colored, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration is accurately determined by ICP-OES.

[0061] Example 2 - Setting of conditions for anaerobic fermentation process and anaerobic fermentation process for composite material source

[0062] The present invention evaluates the treatment efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation system under two different test conditions, and the condition settings are shown in Table 2. As shown below, the present invention establishes two test processes, the volume of the acidification tank is 6 liters, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) is 5 days, and the volume of the methanation tank is 12 liters, and the hydraulic retention time is 20 days. The temperature of the acidification tank and the methanation tank is maintained at a high temperature of 55°C for continuous reaction. The system is fed every day, and the pH value, temperature and biogas production are recorded every day. At the same time, water quality analysis, solid / liquid digestate nutrient analysis and microbial flora analysis are performed weekly.

[0063] Table 2

[0064]

[0065] Fertilizers are grouped according to the analysis results of the components of the waste, and the amounts of various material sources used in the test process 1 and the test process 2 of the anaerobic fermentation system are calculated to form a composite material source.

[0066] Test 1 (total solid content 7.5%): 4.8% pig manure, 2.1% agricultural waste, 0.6% chicken manure, the total feed volume is 600mL, of which the feed volumes are 90mL (15%) of pig manure, 5mL (0.8%) of chicken manure, 85mL (14%) of agricultural waste, and 420mL (70%) of pig manure urine.

[0067] Test 2 (total solid content 7.6%): 5.1% pig manure, 1.8% agricultural waste, 0.7% chicken manure, the total feed volume is 600mL, of which the feed volumes are 140mL (23%) pig manure, 5mL (0.8%) chicken manure, 70mL (11.2%) agricultural waste, and 385mL (64.2%) pig manure urine.

[0068] In addition, the composition of the composite source was analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and the analysis results are shown in Table 3. The unit percentage (%) used in Table 3 is volume percentage (vol%).

[0069] Table 3

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] As mentioned above, in Run 1, the feed source consisted of white pig manure (from pigs fed with feed), breeder chicken manure, agricultural waste, and white pig urine (from pigs fed with feed), with a total solid content (TS) concentration of 7.5%, a ratio (vol%) of 4.8:0.6:2.1 (pig manure: chicken manure: agricultural waste), and an ammonia nitrogen concentration of 1000 mg / L. In Run 2, the feed source consisted of black pig manure (from pigs fed with kitchen waste), chicken manure, agricultural waste, and black pig urine (from pigs fed with kitchen waste), with a total solid content concentration of 7.6%, a ratio (vol%) of 5.1:0.7:1.8 (pig manure: chicken manure: agricultural waste), and an ammonia nitrogen concentration of 2500 mg / L. The results in Table 3 show that the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations of the black pig source feed were higher than those of the white pig source feed, which increased by about 2 to 3 times.

[0073] Furthermore, Figure 2A Schematic diagram showing the temperature changes in the acidification tank and methanation tank during the anaerobic fermentation process. Figure 2A As shown, the average temperature of the acidification tank can be maintained at about 55.3°C, and the average temperature of the methanation tank can be maintained at about 55°C. Figure 2B Schematic diagram showing the pH changes in the acidification tank and methanation tank during the anaerobic fermentation process. Figure 2B As shown, the pH value of the methanogenation tank can be maintained below about pH 7.3, indicating that the anaerobic fermentation system can buffer the pH and reduce the inhibition of anaerobic biological metabolism by acidification and free ammonia. Figure 2C Schematic diagram showing the concentration changes of volatile suspended solids (VSS) during the anaerobic fermentation process. Figure 2CAs shown, the VSS removal efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation system in Test 1 and Test 2 can reach 62% and 78% respectively, indicating that high concentration of ammonia nitrogen does not inhibit the utilization of dissolved organic matter by microorganisms. In addition, the results of the microbial flora analysis of the anaerobic fermentation system using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) showed that the dominant acidifying bacteria included Defluviitoga, Thermoanaerobacterales, Syntrophomonadaceae, Synergistaceae, Limnochordales, Tepidimicrobium, Symbiobacterium and Syntrophaceticus, accounting for about 46% of the microbial community; the dominant methanogens included Methanoculleus, Methanospirillum and Methanothermobacter, accounting for about 4% of the microbial community.

[0074] Example 3 - Formation of composite feed source based on target crop (lettuce) and anaerobic fermentation process

[0075] Taking lettuce as the target crop, the composition of the composite feed source was adjusted according to the required fertilizer concentration ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (vol%) of about 2:2:1, and the fertilizer concentration in the composite feed source was adjusted to be higher than the fertilizer concentration set for the target crop. Through mass balance calculation, the nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (vol%) of the composite feed source was 3.23:3.13:3.17, and the concentration ratio was about 3:3:3. Then, the composite feed source was subjected to the anaerobic fermentation process of trial 2 (ammonia nitrogen concentration was 3000 mg / L), and the product biogas slurry and biogas residue were separated to obtain biogas residue as organic fertilizer. Table 4 shows the results of the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) component analysis of the composite feed source, biogas slurry and biogas residue, biogas residue and biogas slurry. The unit percentage (%) used in Table 4 is all volume percentage (vol%).

[0076] Table 4

[0077]

[0078] As shown above, the analysis results show that the nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium (vol%) of the obtained biogas residue is 2.05:1.94:1.04, and the concentration ratio is about 2:2:1, which corresponds to the fertilizer required for lettuce growth, and can therefore be used as a suitable organic fertilizer.

[0079] Example 4 - Formation of composite feed source based on target crop (shallots) and anaerobic fermentation process

[0080] Green onions were used as the target crop. The composition of the composite feed source was adjusted according to the required fertilizer concentration ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (vol%) of about 2:1:1. Based on the microbial species and metabolic energy required in the anaerobic fermentation process, the fertilizer concentration in the composite feed source was further adjusted to a higher fertilizer concentration than the target crop required, so as to retain some nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for the energy consumption required for microbial growth and metabolism. Through mass balance calculation, the nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (vol%) of the composite feed source was 3.34:1.35:1.95, and the concentration ratio was about 3:1:2. Then, the composite feed source was subjected to the anaerobic fermentation process of trial 1 (ammonia nitrogen concentration was 1000 mg / L), and the product biogas slurry and biogas residue were separated to obtain biogas residue as organic fertilizer. Table 5 shows the composition analysis results of the composite feed source, biogas slurry and biogas residue, biogas residue and biogas slurry by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The unit percentage (%) used in Table 5 is volume percentage (vol%).

[0081] Table 5

[0082]

[0083] As shown above, the analysis results show that the nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium (vol%) of the obtained biogas residue is 2.85:1.05:0.75, and the concentration ratio is about 3:1:1, which can correspond to the fertilizer required for the growth of green onions, and therefore can be used as a suitable organic fertilizer.

[0084] Example 5 - Potted Plant Trial of Target Crop (Lettuce)

[0085] The biogas residue (organic fertilizer) obtained in Example 4 was measured with a pH meter and conductivity, which showed that the pH value of the biogas residue was pH 7.4 and the electrical conductivity (EC) was 3.6 mS / cm. Next, 5 g of the biogas residue sample was placed in a conical flask, 100 ml of distilled water at 75-80°C was added, and the mixture was stirred evenly and allowed to stand for 3 hours to filter the infusion. 10 ml of the filtrate was placed in a culture dish with two layers of filter paper and 100 lettuce seeds. Next, the culture dish was placed in a constant temperature box at 25°C and cultured for about 4-5 days. The seeds that grew two complete cotyledons, roots and root hairs were judged to have germinated. In addition, a control group experiment was carried out using distilled water instead of the filtrate. In addition, the experiment was repeated 5 times for each sample.

[0086] Figure 3A as well as Figure 3B The growth status of seeds in the control group and the sludge sample group on the 0th day and the 3rd day are shown respectively. Figure 3CThe germination patterns of the seeds in the control group and the digestate sample group are shown. In addition, the germination rate and germination index (GI) of the seeds in the control group and the digestate sample group on the third day are calculated by the following formula:

[0087]

[0088] The germination index is used to determine whether the digestate has been fully fermented. Specifically, when the germination index is greater than 80%, it indicates that the digestate has been fully decomposed. Figure 3D As shown in FIG. 1 , the germination index of the biogas residue sample group (denoted as the embodiment group in the figure) is greater than 80%, indicating that the biogas residue has been fully decomposed. Figure 3C As shown, the root length can be effectively increased probably because of the trace nutrients contained in the biogas residue.

[0089] In addition, the composition elements of the biogas residue obtained in Example 4 were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and the results are shown in Table 6 below. Among them, miscellaneous composts 5 to 11 are within the specification range of miscellaneous composts for fertilizers (item numbers 5 to 11) announced by the agency. As shown in Table 6, the residues of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus anhydride, total potassium oxide, heavy metal arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead, zinc, etc. in the biogas residue were also tested and analyzed, and all items met the specifications. The unit percentage (%) used in Table 6 is all volume percentage (vol%).

[0090] Table 6

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] Next, a potted experiment was conducted on lettuce for 3 months using the biogas residue obtained in Example 4 as organic fertilizer. Figure 4A as well as Figure 4B The growth results of lettuce after a 3-month pot experiment are shown, where the pot on the left is the control group cultivated with water, the pot in the middle is the comparative group cultivated with commercially available organic fertilizer (Fushou brand Fushoufu green manure mixed with organic fertilizer, N:P:K (4:7:2)), and the pot on the right is the example group cultivated with the biogas residue of Example 4. Figure 4A as well as Figure 4B As shown, compared with the control group and the comparative example group, the growth conditions of the aboveground and underground parts of the lettuce potted plants in the embodiment group were better.

[0094] Furthermore, the fresh weight, plant height and chlorophyll content of the potted plants were measured, wherein the chlorophyll content of the potted plants was measured using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter (the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter can determine the relative amount of chlorophyll in the leaves by measuring the light transmittance of the leaves in two wavelength ranges), and the results are shown in the following Table 7. Compared with the comparative group of commercially available organic fertilizers, the above-ground fresh weight of the lettuce in the embodiment group increased by about 25%, the underground fresh weight increased by about 33%, the plant height increased by about 23%, and the chlorophyll content increased by about 24%.

[0095] Table 7

[0096]

[0097] * One-way ANOVA analysis of the differences among treatments, significant differences between mean values ​​(P<0.05) were determined using the least significant different test (LSD) test.

[0098] Example 6 - Potted Planting Trial of Target Crop (Shallots)

[0099] A 3-month potted experiment was conducted on shallots using the biogas residue obtained in Example 5 as organic fertilizer. Figure 5A as well as Figure 5B The growth results of shallots after a three-month potted experiment are shown, where the potted plants on the left are the control group cultivated with water, the potted plants in the middle are the comparative group cultivated with commercially available organic fertilizer (Fushou brand Fushoufu green manure mixed with organic fertilizer, N:P:K (4:7:2)), and the potted plants on the right are the example group cultivated with the biogas residue of Example 4. Figure 5A as well as Figure 5B As shown, compared with the control group and the comparative example group, the growth conditions of the aboveground and underground parts of the shallot potted plants in the embodiment group were better.

[0100] Furthermore, the number of leaves, plant height and weight of the potted plants were measured, and the results are shown in Table 8. Compared with the comparative group of commercially available organic fertilizer, the number of leaves of the shallots in the embodiment group increased by about 31%, the plant height increased by about 21%, and the weight increased by about 110%.

[0101] Table 8

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] * One-way ANOVA analysis of the differences among treatments, significant differences between mean values ​​(P<0.05) were determined using the least significant different test (LSD) test.

[0105] Example 7 - Setting of conditions for anaerobic fermentation process and anaerobic fermentation process for composite material source

[0106] In a manner similar to Example 2, two additional trials were established, with the conditions set as shown in Table 9 below. The volume of the acidification tank was 6 liters, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 5 days, and the volume of the methanation tank was 12 liters, the hydraulic retention time was 20 days. The temperature of the acidification tank and the methanation tank was maintained at a high temperature of 55°C for continuous reaction. The system was fed every day, and the pH value, temperature and biogas production were recorded every day. Water quality analysis, solid / liquid digestate nutrient analysis and microbial flora analysis were performed weekly. In this example, the feed source further includes food waste.

[0107] Table 9

[0108]

[0109] The fertilizers were grouped according to the analysis results of the components of the waste, and the amounts of various sources of materials used in the test runs 3 and 4 of the anaerobic fermentation system were calculated to form a composite source of materials.

[0110] Test 3 (total solid content 7.2%): 22% pig manure, 1% kitchen waste, 10% agricultural waste, 1% pig urine, the total feed volume is 600mL, of which the feed volumes are 100mL pig manure (5.4%), 40mL kitchen waste (1.2%), and 70mL agricultural waste (0.7%).

[0111] Test 4 (total solid content 7.2%): 22% pig manure, 1% kitchen waste, 10% chicken manure, 10% agricultural waste, 1% pig urine, the total feed volume is 600mL, of which the feed volumes are 120mL (4.4%) pig manure, 50mL (0.8%) kitchen waste, 5mL (0.6%) chicken manure, and 10mL (1.4%) agricultural waste.

[0112] In addition, the composition of the composite source was analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and the analysis results are shown in the following table 10. The unit percentage (%) used in Table 10 is volume percentage (vol%).

[0113] Table 10

[0114]

[0115] As mentioned above, in Run 3, the feed source consisted of white pig manure (from pigs fed with feed), food waste, agricultural waste and white pig urine (from pigs fed with feed), with a total solid content (TS) concentration of 7.2%, a ratio (vol%) of 5.4:1.2:0.7 (pig manure: food waste: agricultural waste), and an ammonia nitrogen concentration of 1000 mg / L. In Run 4, the feed source consisted of black pig manure (from pigs fed with food waste), food waste, chicken manure, agricultural waste and black pig urine (from pigs fed with food waste), with a total solid content concentration of 7.2%, a ratio (vol%) of 4.4:0.8:0.6:1.4 (pig manure: food waste: chicken manure: agricultural waste), and an ammonia nitrogen concentration of 2200 mg / L.

[0116] Furthermore, Fig. 6A Schematic diagram showing the temperature changes in the acidification tank and methanation tank during the anaerobic fermentation process. Fig. 6A As shown, the average temperature of the acidification tank can be maintained at about 55.3°C, and the average temperature of the methanation tank can be maintained at about 55°C. Figure 6B Schematic diagram showing the pH changes in the acidification tank and methanation tank during the anaerobic fermentation process. Figure 6B As shown, the pH value of the methanogenation tank can be maintained below about pH 7.8, indicating that the anaerobic fermentation system can buffer the pH and reduce the inhibition of anaerobic biological metabolism by acidification and free ammonia. Figure 6C Schematic diagram showing the concentration changes of chemical oxygen demand (COD) during anaerobic fermentation process. Figure 6C As shown, the COD removal efficiency of the anaerobic fermentation system in Test 3 and Test 4 can reach 69% and 77% respectively, indicating that high concentration of ammonia nitrogen does not inhibit the utilization of dissolved organic matter by microorganisms.

[0117] In addition, the results of the next-generation gene sequencing (NGS) analysis of the microbial flora of the anaerobic fermentation system showed that the dominant acidifying bacteria included Defluviitoga, Thermoanaerobacterales, Syntrophomonadaceae, Synergistaceae, Limnochordales, Tepidimicrobium, Symbiobacterium and Syntrophaceticus, accounting for about 41% of the microbial community; the dominant methanogens included Methanosarcina and Methanothermobacter, accounting for about 7% of the microbial community.

[0118] also, Fig. 7A Schematic diagram showing the changes in methane production during the anaerobic fermentation process. Figure 7B Schematic diagram showing the changes in methane and carbon dioxide concentrations during the anaerobic fermentation process. Fig. 7A As shown, the methane production of test run 3 reached 0.75m 3 -CH4 / m 3 -day, the methane production of test run 4 reached 1.53m 3 -CH4 / m 3 -day. Figure 7B As shown, under high ammonia nitrogen concentration, the average methane concentration can increase from 60% to 81%, and up to 95%.

[0119] Example 8 - Potted Planting Test of Target Crop (Brassica chinensis)

[0120] The biogas residue (organic fertilizer) obtained in Example 7 was measured with a pH meter and conductivity, which showed that the pH value of the biogas residue was pH 8 and the conductivity (EC) was 3.1 mS / cm. Next, 5 g of the biogas residue sample was placed in a conical flask, 100 ml of distilled water at 75-80°C was added, and the mixture was stirred evenly and allowed to stand for 3 hours to filter the infusion. 10 ml of the filtrate was placed in a culture dish with two layers of filter paper and 100 Chinese cabbage seeds. Next, the culture dish was placed in a constant temperature box at 25°C and cultured for about 4-5 days. The seeds that grew two complete cotyledons, roots and root hairs were judged to have germinated. In addition, a control group experiment was carried out using distilled water instead of the filtrate. In addition, the experiment was repeated 5 times for each sample.

[0121] Fig. 8A as well as Figure 8B The growth of seeds of the control group and the digestate sample group on the 3rd day is shown respectively. In addition, the seed germination rate and germination index (GI) of the control group and the digestate sample group on the 3rd day are calculated by the formula described in Example 5, confirming that the digestate is fully decomposed (germination index greater than 80%).

[0122] The composition elements of the biogas residue obtained in Example 7 were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and the results are shown in Table 11 below. Among them, miscellaneous composts 5 to 11 are within the specification range of miscellaneous composts for fertilizers (item numbers 5 to 11) announced by the agency. As shown in Table 11, the residues of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus anhydride, total potassium oxide, heavy metal arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nickel, lead, zinc, etc. in the biogas residue were also tested and analyzed, and all items met the specifications. The unit percentages (%) used in Table 11 are all volume percentages (vol%).

[0123] Table 11

[0124]

[0125] Next, a three-month potted experiment was conducted on Chinese cabbage using the biogas residue obtained in Example 7 as organic fertilizer. 9A to 9C The growth results of Chinese cabbage in the embodiment group, comparative example group 1 and comparative example group 2 after 3 months of potted test are shown respectively. The potted plants in comparative example group 1 are cultivated with commercially available organic fertilizer (Fushou brand Fushoufu green manure mixed organic fertilizer, N:P:K (4:7:2)), the potted plants in comparative example group 2 are cultivated with commercially available chemical fertilizer (Nongyou brand nitrophosphate-based Heiwangte No. 43 organic compound fertilizer, nitrogen: phosphorus anhydride: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: calcium oxide: organic matter (15:15:15:3:7.5:3)), and the potted plants in the embodiment group are cultivated with the biogas residue of embodiment 7. 9A to 9C As shown, compared with Comparative Example Group 1 and Comparative Example Group 2, the growth of the Chinese cabbage potted plants in the Example Group was better (more leaves and higher plant height).

[0126] Furthermore, the fresh weight of leaves and stems and the fresh weight of roots of the potted plants were measured, and the results are shown in Table 12. Compared with the comparative example group 1 of commercially available organic fertilizer, the total fresh weight of the pakchoi in the embodiment group increased by about 20%, and the total fresh weight of the pakchoi in the embodiment group was comparable to that of the comparative example group 2 of commercially available chemical fertilizer.

[0127] Table 12

[0128]

[0129] Example 9- Potted test of target crop (small fruit tomatoes)

[0130] The biogas residue (organic fertilizer) corresponding to small-fruited tomatoes was obtained by a method similar to that of Example 7. The pH value of the biogas residue was pH 8 and the conductivity (EC) was 2.3 mS / cm measured by a pH meter and conductivity. Next, 5 g of the biogas residue sample was placed in a conical flask, 100 ml of distilled water at 75-80°C was added, and after stirring evenly, the infusion was filtered after standing for 3 hours. 10 ml of the filtrate was placed in a culture dish with two layers of filter paper and 100 small-fruited tomato seeds. Next, the culture dish was placed in a constant temperature box at 25°C and cultured for about 4-5 days. The seeds that grew two complete cotyledons, roots and root hairs were judged to have germinated. And, the experiment was repeated 5 times.

[0131] Fig.10 The growth of seeds of the digestate sample group on day 3 is shown. In addition, the seed germination rate and germination index (GI) of the control group and the digestate sample group on day 3 were calculated by the formula described in Example 5, confirming that the digestate was fully decomposed (germination index greater than 80%).

[0132] The obtained biogas residue was analyzed for elemental composition using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and the results are shown in Table 13 below. Among them, miscellaneous composts 5 to 11 are within the specification range of miscellaneous composts for fertilizers (item numbers 5 to 11) announced by the agency. As shown in Table 13, the residues of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus anhydride, total potassium oxide, heavy metal arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nickel, lead, zinc, etc. in the biogas residue were also tested and analyzed, and all items met the specifications. The unit percentage (%) used in Table 13 is all volume percentage (vol%).

[0133] Table 13

[0134]

[0135] Next, a potted experiment was conducted on small-fruit tomatoes using the aforementioned biogas residue as organic fertilizer. Fig.11 From left to right, the growth results of small-fruit tomatoes of the control group, comparative example group 1, comparative example group 2 and embodiment group (from left to right) after 21 days of potted test are shown respectively. The potted plants of the control group were cultivated with water, the potted plants of the comparative example group 1 were cultivated with a commercially available chemical fertilizer group (Nongyou brand nitrophosphate-based Heiwangte No. 43 organic compound fertilizer, nitrogen: phosphorus anhydride: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: calcium oxide: organic matter (15:15:15:3:7.5:3)), the potted plants of the comparative example group 2 were cultivated with a commercially available organic fertilizer group (Fushou brand Fushoufu green manure mixed organic fertilizer, nitrogen: phosphorus anhydride: potassium oxide (4:7:2)), and the potted plants of the embodiment group were cultivated with biogas residue corresponding to small-fruit tomatoes (nitrogen: phosphorus anhydride: potassium oxide (3:2:2)).

[0136] Furthermore, the outdoor growth conditions of the potted plants were observed. FIG. 12A to FIG. 12D The figures show the growth results of small-fruited tomatoes grown in outdoor pots on the 21st day after planting. Fig. 12A As shown in the figure, the control potted plants did not have flower buds. Fig. 12B As shown, the potted plants of Comparative Example Group 2 had 2 flower buds, a plant height of 136 cm, and the largest fruit, but calcium deficiency occurred. Fig. 12C As shown, the potted plants of Comparative Example Group 1 had 2 flower buds, a plant height of 143 cm, and the number and size of fruits were comparable, with no calcium deficiency. Fig.12D As shown, the potted plants in the Example group had 4 flower buds and a plant height of 170 cm, which was significantly higher than that of the other three groups, and the number and size of the fruits were comparable, with no calcium deficiency.

[0137] In summary, according to embodiments of the present invention, the method for the adjustable organic fertilizer provided can be based on the growth requirements of target crops (for example, the ratio of required nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), adjust the feed composition of organic waste to form a composite material source with suitable fertilizer, optimize anaerobic fermentation reaction, reduce the metabolic pathway of high concentration ammonia nitrogen to inhibit anaerobic organisms, and then accelerate the stabilization of organic matter decomposition and conversion into the organic fertilizer with the fertilizer composition suitable for target crops. Especially, the fertilizer composition of the organic fertilizer obtained is adjustable through the adjustment of the composite material source, that is, the fertilizer composition of the organic fertilizer can be optimized according to different target crops. Therefore, the organic fertilizer formed by the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be directly irrigated without the need to carry out aerobic composting and add programs such as animal and plant dregs to adjust fertilizer.

[0138] Although the embodiments and advantages of the present invention have been disclosed above, it should be understood that any person with common knowledge in the art may make changes, substitutions and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Furthermore, each claim constitutes a separate embodiment, and the scope of protection of the present invention also includes the combination of each claim and embodiment. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the scope defined by the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: Provide the required ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for a target crop and collect various wastes; The fertilizer concentrations of the same type of sources in the plurality of wastes are grouped respectively, and the composition of the plurality of wastes after grouping is adjusted according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by the target crop to form a composite source; The composite material source is subjected to an anaerobic fermentation process, the anaerobic fermentation process comprising: Introducing the composite material source into an acidification tank to obtain a first mixture, wherein the acidification tank contains an acidifying bacteria, and the pH value of the acidification tank is between 3 and 7.5, and the temperature is between 30° C. and 60° C.; and The first mixture is introduced into a methanogenic tank to obtain a second mixture, wherein the methanogenic tank contains a methanogen, and the pH value of the methanogenic tank is between 6 and 8, and the temperature is between 30° C. and 60° C.; and The second mixture is separated to obtain a biogas liquid and a biogas residue, wherein the biogas residue is an organic fertilizer.

2. the preparation method of adjustable organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the carbon / nitrogen (C / N) ratio of this organic fertilizer is between 10 and 20.

3. the preparation method of adjustable organic fertilizer according to claim 1, does not comprise aerobic fermentation step.

4. The method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the biogas residue obtained by separating the second mixture can be used as an organic fertilizer without further adjusting the fertilizer content.

5. The method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the target crops include vegetables, fruit trees / fruits, cereals, beans, root crops, plant materials, melons, grassland plants, lawns, spice plants, flowers or aforesaid combination.

6. The method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the multiple wastes include animal husbandry wastes, agricultural wastes, food wastes or a combination thereof.

7. The method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the acidifying bacteria include Defluviitoga, Thermoanaerobacterales, Syntrophomonadaceae, Synergistaceae, Limnochordales, Tepidimicrobium, Symbiotic Bacillus (Symbiobacterium), Syntrophaceticus, or a combination of the foregoing.

8. The method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the methanogens comprise Methanoculleus, Methanospirillum, Methanothermobacter, Methanosarcina or a combination thereof.

9. The method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the step of grouping the fertilizer concentrations of the same type of material sources in the plurality of wastes comprises: The total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus anhydride (P2O5) and total potassium oxide (K2O) components of the various wastes were analyzed.

10. The preparation method of adjustable organic fertilizer according to claim 9, wherein the total nitrogen, total phosphoric anhydride and total potassium oxide components of the various wastes are analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES).

11. The method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting the composition of the grouped wastes to form the composite material source according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by the target crop comprises: The feed amounts of the various wastes are adjusted through mass balance calculations so that the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the composite material source are higher than the required concentrations of the target crop.

12. The method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer content of the organic fertilizer is substantially less than the fertilizer content of the plurality of wastes.

13. The method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the concentration ratio of nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium in the composite material source is 1-6:1-6:1-6.

14. The method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the total solid content (TS) of the composite material source is between 5% and 15%.

15. The method for preparing an adjustable organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the composite material source is between 800 mg / L and 4000 mg / L.

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