Method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by utilizing agricultural organic wastes

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of bio-organic fertilizers, and discloses a method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer from agricultural organic wastes. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing and stacking pruned branches (walnuts, red dates and the like) of forest fruits, cattle and sheep manure, trace element auxiliary materials, rice bran and fermentation auxiliary materials on site, adding a fermentation inoculant, uniformly mixing, fermenting, drying, and granulating to obtain the biological organic fertilizer. The problem of environmental pollution caused by burning of pruned branches in forest and fruit planting is solved, so that the biological organic fertilizer standard in the national agricultural industry is met; meanwhile, the method for evaluating the bio-organic fertilizer can be used for comprehensively evaluating the bio-organic fertilizer by depending on a plurality of multi-dimensional indexes, the evaluation result of the bio-organic fertilizer has a considerable degree of reliability, and a powerful reference basis is provided for improving the performance of the bio-organic fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing bio-organic fertilizer, and in particular relates to a method for manufacturing bio-organic fertilizer by utilizing agricultural organic waste. Background Art

[0002] Organic fertilizers are carbon-containing materials that are mainly derived from plants and (or) animals and applied to the soil to provide plant nutrition. They are processed from biological materials, animal and plant waste, and plant residues, eliminating toxic and harmful substances, and are rich in a large number of beneficial substances, including: a variety of organic acids, peptides, and rich nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. They can not only provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also have a long fertilizer effect, increase and renew soil organic matter, promote microbial reproduction, and improve the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of the soil. They are the main nutrients for green food production.

[0003] The closest existing technology is composting. Composting is a method of using organic waste to decompose and transform it to produce organic fertilizer. During the composting process, organic waste works with microorganisms to ferment and decompose, and finally transforms into stable organic fertilizer.

[0004] 1. Time requirement: The fermentation process takes 16-20 days. However, traditional composting technology takes longer, usually several months to more than a year to complete. Therefore, in the existing technology, time is a technical problem that needs to be solved. How to shorten the time of the composting process and improve production efficiency is a challenge. At present, the pile of discarded branches here is placed in the fields and roadsides after pruning. No bacterial agents are added. It is messy and affects the rural environment. It will also breed pathogens and cannot be decomposed and utilized. Months and years are meaningless.

[0005] 2. Temperature control: The fermentation process needs to be carried out within a temperature range of 60℃-75℃. However, in the traditional composting process, temperature control is a complex issue. The temperature in the compost pile is affected by many factors, including the type of waste, the stacking method, oxygen supply, etc. In actual operation, how to ensure that the temperature during the fermentation process is controlled within an appropriate range is still a technical problem to be solved. According to the current operation, the film, the volume of the pile, the volume, the heat released by the microbial fermentation will generate heat and the temperature will rise.

[0006] 3. Uniformity and stability: How to maintain the uniformity and stability of waste during the composting process is also a technical challenge. Uniform mixing of waste and proper humidity control are essential for the smooth progress of the fermentation process. Ensuring the uniformity and stability of waste helps improve fermentation efficiency and the quality of the final product.

[0007] In general, the existing composting technology still has some technical problems to be solved. In practical applications, further research and improvement of composting process is needed to improve production efficiency, control the temperature during fermentation and ensure the uniformity and stability of waste.

[0008] Closest prior art:

[0009] Traditional composting technology usually involves collecting agricultural waste (such as crop straw, animal manure, etc.) and then allowing it to decompose naturally in an open environment or simple device. This natural decomposition usually relies on the natural growth of microorganisms and environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and oxygen.

[0010] Technical problems existing in existing technologies:

[0011] 1. Long time period: Traditional composting technology requires a long time (several months or even longer) to complete the decomposition of organic matter.

[0012] 2. Unstable quality: Due to its reliance on natural factors, the quality and effect of composting will be affected by external factors such as weather and humidity, resulting in inconsistent composting effects in different batches.

[0013] 3. Waste of resources: Failure to fully utilize all the organic and nutrient components in agricultural waste leads to the waste of some resources.

[0014] 4. Environmental risks: Composting in an open environment can lead to the production of germs, pests and harmful gases (such as methane, ammonia, etc.), posing a potential threat to the environment and human health.

[0015] 5. Simple process and low efficiency: Traditional composting technology is simple and does not involve inoculation and optimization of microbial agents, resulting in low decomposition efficiency.

[0016] Compared with new technical solutions, these technical problems have been significantly improved, such as the use of specific microbial fermentation agents for efficient fermentation and precise control of the production environment, which shortens the production cycle and makes product quality and effects more stable. Summary of the invention

[0017] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for producing bio-organic fertilizer by utilizing agricultural organic waste.

[0018] The present invention is achieved in that a method for manufacturing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste comprises:

[0019] Step 1: Using the pruning branches of fruit trees as raw materials, the pruning branches of fruit trees are crushed by a crushing device, and the pruning branches of fruit trees are mechanically crushed into flakes, needles or small particles, and the length should be within 2 cm, the width should be within 1 cm, and the thickness should be within 3 mm;

[0020] Loose livestock manure as auxiliary material, with a moisture content of 40-50%, added at 15-20% of the volume of the fruit pruning branches and crushed materials; or 1-2kg of urea is added as auxiliary material per cubic meter of pruning branches and crushed materials, and the urea is added and dissolved in advance; or 10-15% livestock manure and 0.5-1kg of urea are used together as auxiliary materials;

[0021] Inoculate the microbial fermentation agent, use rice bran, wheat bran, bran or corn flour as dilution auxiliary materials, and gradually enlarge it in order from small to large;

[0022] 1 kg of fermentation agent is uniformly mixed in about 5 kg of rice bran to dilute it, so that the mixture of fermentation agent and rice bran is increased to 6 kg, so as to be evenly sprinkled into the material pile to be fermented for composting fermentation;

[0023] Each 1kg fermentation agent can process 1-3 tons of materials. When the fermentation processing volume is large, the diluted agent can be mixed with the manure first and then with the pre-treated branch crushed material.

[0024] Step 2: mix the pruned branches of fruits and vegetables (walnuts, red dates, etc.), cattle and sheep manure, and trace element auxiliary materials on site, add fermentation agents, mix evenly, control the moisture content between 50% and 66%, and ferment aerobically under normal weather temperature by film covering. The temperature gradually rises and the temperature is measured during the process. When the temperature rises to about 60 degrees, the pile needs to be turned to prevent the temperature from continuing to be too high, and then it is dried and granulated to obtain biological organic fertilizer.

[0025] After all the materials and microbial agents are mixed, the microorganisms will take effect. Under normal weather temperature, the film is covered and aerobically fermented, and the temperature gradually rises. During this period, the temperature is measured. When the temperature rises to about 60 degrees, the pile needs to be turned to prevent the temperature from continuing to be too high. At a temperature of 60-75, there will be a natural cooling process in about a week.

[0026] Step three, evaluate the bio-organic fertilizer.

[0027] Furthermore, the composting fermentation method includes primary fermentation and secondary fermentation.

[0028] Further, the primary fermentation method is as follows:

[0029] The moisture content of the pre-treated mixed material is controlled at 55-65%, that is, the raw material is moist but without running water. Livestock manure is used as auxiliary material. After the water content is adjusted, the manure is tightly grasped into a ball, and water can be seen in the seams of the hands but no water drips. It can be dispersed after releasing the hands. If conditions permit, the branches are crushed in advance and the moisture content is adjusted first, so as to facilitate better uniformity of the moisture content of the material and disperse it into the crushed material;

[0030] The pre-treated mixed materials are stacked in windrows, and the height and width should be set according to the composting season, material particle size, fermentation environment, and compost turning methods and equipment;

[0031] According to the actual processing effect of pruning branch raw materials, the height of the trapezoidal compost is suitable to be 1-1.2m, the bottom width is 1.2-2m, the top is 0.8-0.9m, and the length is more than 1.5m;

[0032] The composting method of film covering is used to accumulate heat and retain water. The top is covered with film, and the bottom is not sealed, leaving a gap of 15-20cm to facilitate ventilation and fermentation.

[0033] When the compost temperature reaches above 60℃, start turning the pile once; during the process, check the fermentation temperature of the pile, and turn the pile immediately when it reaches 70℃; turning the pile should be even, turning the bottom material to the middle and upper part.

[0034] Furthermore, the temperature should be measured 3-4 times a day during the fermentation process, and the temperature is based on 20-30 cm from the surface; the compost temperature reaches 60°C and is maintained for about 7 days; the maximum temperature should not exceed 70-75°C;

[0035] The composting fermentation cycle should not be less than 15 days;

[0036] During the composting process, the moisture content of the material decreases significantly, so water should be added in time;

[0037] During the fermentation process, the pile body will shrink significantly, and the length of the pile should be appropriately shortened to maintain the width and height of the pile.

[0038] Furthermore, when the primary fermentation is terminated, the fermented material no longer heats up, the temperature is about 40° C., the pile is substantially odorless, and the material is brown or grayish brown.

[0039] Further, the secondary fermentation method is as follows:

[0040] No fresh compost material is added during the secondary fermentation process;

[0041] The moisture content is controlled at about 50%;

[0042] The fermentation temperature is controlled below 50℃, and the temperature can be controlled by adjusting the height of the pile. When the temperature is too high, turn the pile to lower the temperature.

[0043] When fermentation ends, there is no obvious temperature rise in the pile after turning and adding water, and the temperature of the pile is maintained at around 35°C (the temperature varies in different seasons, and is lower in autumn and winter). The water content of the material decreases significantly, and it is brown or grayish brown, loose, and odorless.

[0044] Furthermore, the secondary fermentation period is 15-30 days.

[0045] Further, the bio-organic fertilizer is evaluated as follows:

[0046] 1) obtaining bio-organic fertilizer evaluation data corresponding to a preset bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index; calculating the membership value of the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index according to the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation data; determining a judgment matrix according to the membership value; and determining an eigenvector according to the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix;

[0047] 2) determining a weight value of the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index according to the characteristic vector; and determining a quality index of the bio-organic fertilizer according to the weight value and the membership value.

[0048] Further, the calculation of the membership value of the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index according to the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation data includes:

[0049] The bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index includes a bio-organic fertilizer evaluation upper limit value and a bio-organic fertilizer evaluation lower limit value;

[0050] The membership value is determined according to the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation upper limit value, the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation lower limit value and the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation data.

[0051] Further, determining a judgment matrix according to the membership value includes:

[0052] Normalizing the plurality of membership values;

[0053] After the normalization process is completed, the maximum value and the minimum value of the membership values ​​corresponding to the plurality of bio-organic fertilizer evaluation indicators are determined, and the variance of the membership values ​​is determined;

[0054] The judgment matrix is ​​determined according to the variance, the maximum value, the minimum value and a preset relative importance parameter.

[0055] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0056] First, the present invention timely solves the current problem of resource utilization of pruning waste from fruit and forest planting by using a method of manufacturing bio-organic fertilizer from agricultural organic waste. The implementation of the project not only eliminates the environmental pollution caused by incineration, but also effectively increases the organic matter content in the soil after the branches are treated with microbial agents and applied as fertilizer, thus promoting further improvement of fruit and forest yield and quality.

[0057] The present invention solves the environmental pollution problem caused by the burning of pruned branches of fruit trees, thereby meeting the national agricultural industry bio-organic fertilizer standards; at the same time, through the evaluation method for bio-organic fertilizer, a more comprehensive bio-organic fertilizer evaluation can be carried out on the bio-organic fertilizer relying on multiple indicators in multiple dimensions, and the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation result has a considerable degree of reliability, which provides a strong reference basis for improving the performance of bio-organic fertilizer.

[0058] Second, significant technological progress has been achieved at each step.

[0059] Significant technical advances in step one:

[0060] 1. Crushing of pruned branches of fruit trees: The pruned branches of fruit trees are crushed into flakes, needles or fine particles through a crushing device, and the size and shape are controlled, making the raw materials easier to ferment and decompose, thereby improving the efficiency of the subsequent fermentation process and the quality of the product.

[0061] 2. Auxiliary material addition scheme: According to the characteristics and needs of different raw materials, a variety of auxiliary material addition schemes have been designed, including loose livestock manure, urea, etc. These auxiliary materials can provide the required nutrients and microbial flora, promote the fermentation process and improve the product quality.

[0062] 3. Inoculation method of microbial fermentation agent: By diluting auxiliary materials and gradually amplifying the method, the fermentation agent was successfully inoculated and evenly mixed into the raw materials to ensure that the fermentation agent was in full contact with the waste, which promoted the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and improved the fermentation efficiency and product quality.

[0063] Significant technical advances in step 2:

[0064] Use of fermentation agents: A step-by-step amplification method was adopted to cultivate the fermentation agents to ensure the activity and stability of the fermentation agents, ensure the stable progress of the fermentation process, and avoid fermentation failure and unstable product quality.

[0065] Significant technical advances in step three:

[0066] 1. Preparation and drying method of bio-organic fertilizer: Through scientific and reasonable fermentation process and subsequent drying, granulation and other treatments, high-quality bio-organic fertilizer is obtained, which retains organic matter and nutrients and improves the fertilizer efficiency.

[0067] 2. Evaluation method of bio-organic fertilizer: A comprehensive bio-organic fertilizer evaluation system has been established, including detection methods for indicators such as organic matter content, nutrient content, microbial content and antibiotic residues, which can accurately evaluate the quality and fertilizer efficiency of bio-organic fertilizer.

[0068] These remarkable technological advances enable this method to efficiently and stably convert agricultural organic waste into high-quality bio-organic fertilizer, achieving the goals of waste resource utilization and sustainable agricultural development, while reducing the pollution of the environment by agricultural waste, which has important environmental and economic significance.

[0069] Third, the present invention is a method for producing bio-organic fertilizer by using pruning branches of fruit trees and livestock manure or urea, and fermentation bacteria. The significant technical progress of this method is that agricultural waste is converted into valuable bio-organic fertilizer, which improves the utilization efficiency of waste and is beneficial to environmental protection.

[0070] The present invention clarifies the steps of compost fermentation, including primary fermentation and secondary fermentation. This clear step makes the whole process clearer and reduces the uncertainty in the manufacturing process.

[0071] The present invention includes material pretreatment, stacking method, temperature control, compost turning, etc. These specific operation steps are helpful to improve fermentation efficiency and ensure the quality of biological organic fertilizer.

[0072] The invention is important for temperature monitoring during the fermentation process, ensuring that the temperature is within a suitable range for fermentation, and preventing excessively high or low temperatures from affecting the fermentation effect.

[0073] The invention determines the standard for the end of a fermentation, including temperature, smell, color, etc., which helps to more accurately control the fermentation process and ensure the quality of the biological organic fertilizer.

[0074] The secondary fermentation method of the present invention includes not adding fresh compost raw materials, controlling the moisture content and temperature, etc. This step further optimizes the fermentation process and improves the quality of the biological organic fertilizer.

[0075] The invention clarifies the cycle of secondary fermentation, which helps to more effectively control the entire fermentation process and improve the yield of biological organic fertilizer.

[0076] The invention can quantify the quality of biological organic fertilizer by calculating the membership value and determining the weight value, and provides a scientific evaluation method.

[0077] Third, the method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste provided by the present invention has the following significant technical advances:

[0078] 1. Full utilization of raw materials: Using the pruning branches of fruit trees, which are often neglected or treated as waste in agriculture, as raw materials for producing organic fertilizers not only improves the efficiency of resource utilization, but also reduces the pressure of agricultural waste on the environment.

[0079] 2. Diversified auxiliary material configuration: This method can choose to use loose livestock manure or urea, or both as auxiliary materials according to actual conditions, providing a certain degree of production flexibility.

[0080] 3. Improved fermentation efficiency: By using specific microbial fermentation agents and diluting them with materials such as rice bran, a large amount of material can be processed in a short period of time. This significantly improves the time efficiency of the production process.

[0081] 4. Precise environmental control: During the fermentation process, by precisely controlling the water content and temperature, the quality of the bio-organic fertilizer and the fermentation speed can be guaranteed, ensuring the stability and effect of the product.

[0082] 5. Environmentally friendly production process: The entire method does not produce any harmful substances or pollutants during the production process, and is a green and environmentally friendly production method.

[0083] 6. Comprehensive evaluation mechanism: By evaluating the produced biological organic fertilizers, ensure that each batch of products meets the predetermined standards and effects.

[0084] The manufacturing method of this bio-organic fertilizer not only realizes the efficient utilization of agricultural waste, but also improves production efficiency, reduces the pressure on the environment, and ensures the quality and effect of the product. These are all significant technological advances compared with traditional methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0085] Figure 1 The present invention provides a method flow chart for producing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste.

[0086] Figure 2 The present invention provides a flow chart of a method for evaluating bio-organic fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0087] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0088] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0089] S101, using fruit pruning branches as raw materials, crushing the fruit pruning branches through a crushing device, and the fruit pruning branches are mechanically crushed into flakes, needles or fine particles, with a length of less than 2 cm, a width of less than 1 cm, and a thickness of less than 3 mm;

[0090] Loose livestock manure as auxiliary material, with a moisture content of 40-50%, added at 15-20% of the volume of the fruit pruning branches and crushed materials; or 1-2kg of urea is added as auxiliary material per cubic meter of pruning branches and crushed materials, and the urea is added and dissolved in advance; or 10-15% livestock manure and 0.5-1kg of urea are used together as auxiliary materials;

[0091] Inoculate the microbial fermentation agent, use rice bran, wheat bran, bran or corn flour as dilution auxiliary materials, and gradually enlarge it in order from small to large;

[0092] 1 kg of fermentation agent is uniformly mixed in about 5 kg of rice bran to dilute it, so that the mixture of fermentation agent and rice bran is increased to 6 kg, so as to be evenly sprinkled into the material pile to be fermented for composting fermentation;

[0093] Each 1kg fermentation agent can process 1-3 tons of materials. When the fermentation processing volume is large, the diluted agent can be mixed with the manure first and then with the pre-treated branch crushed material.

[0094] S102, mix the pruned branches of fruit trees (walnuts, red dates, etc.), cattle and sheep manure, and trace element auxiliary materials on site, add fermentation agents, mix evenly, control the moisture content between 50% and 66%, and ferment aerobically under normal weather temperature by covering with film. The temperature gradually rises, and the temperature is measured during the process. When the temperature rises to about 60 degrees, the pile needs to be turned to prevent the temperature from continuing to be too high, and then it is dried and granulated to obtain biological organic fertilizer.

[0095] S103, evaluating the bio-organic fertilizer.

[0096] The composting fermentation method provided by the invention comprises primary fermentation and secondary fermentation.

[0097] The present invention provides a primary fermentation method as follows:

[0098] The moisture content of the pre-treated mixed material is controlled at 55-65%, that is, the raw material is moist but without running water. Livestock manure is used as auxiliary material. After the water content is adjusted, the manure is tightly grasped into a ball, and water can be seen in the seams of the hands but no water drips. It can be dispersed after releasing the hands. Under conditions, the branches are crushed in advance and the moisture content is adjusted first, so as to facilitate better uniformity of the moisture content of the material and disperse it into the crushed material;

[0099] The pre-treated mixed materials are stacked in windrows, and the height and width should be set according to the composting season, material particle size, fermentation environment, and compost turning methods and equipment;

[0100] According to the actual processing effect of pruning branch raw materials, the height of the trapezoidal compost is suitable to be 1-1.2m, the bottom width is 1.2-2m, the top is 0.8-0.9m, and the length is more than 1.5m;

[0101] The composting method of film covering is used to accumulate heat and retain water. The top is covered with film, and the bottom is not sealed, leaving a gap of 15-20cm to facilitate ventilation and fermentation.

[0102] When the compost temperature reaches above 60℃, turn the pile once; during the process, check the fermentation temperature of the pile, and turn the pile immediately when it exceeds 70℃; turn the pile evenly and turn the bottom material to the middle and upper part.

[0103] The present invention provides that the temperature should be measured 3-4 times a day during the fermentation process, the temperature is based on 20-30 cm from the surface, and the highest temperature should not exceed 70-75°C;

[0104] The composting fermentation cycle should not be less than 15 days;

[0105] During the composting process, the moisture content of the material decreases significantly, so water should be added in time;

[0106] During the fermentation process, the pile body will shrink significantly, and the length of the pile should be appropriately shortened to maintain the width and height of the pile.

[0107] The invention provides that when a fermentation is terminated, the temperature of the fermented material does not rise any more, the temperature is about 40°C, the pile body is basically odorless, and the material is brown or grayish brown.

[0108] The present invention provides a secondary fermentation method as follows:

[0109] No fresh compost material is added during the secondary fermentation process;

[0110] The moisture content is controlled at about 50%;

[0111] The fermentation temperature is controlled below 50℃, and the temperature can be controlled by adjusting the height of the pile. When the temperature is too high, turn the pile to lower the temperature.

[0112] When fermentation ends, there is no obvious temperature rise in the pile after turning and adding water, and the temperature of the pile is maintained at around 35°C (the temperature varies in different seasons, and is lower in autumn and winter). The water content of the material decreases significantly, and it is brown or grayish brown, loose, and odorless.

[0113] The invention provides a secondary fermentation period of 15-30 days.

[0114] As a specific optimization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, the implementation scheme of step one is:

[0115] 1. Processing of pruned branches of fruit trees: Put the pruned branches of fruit trees into a crushing device for crushing, and control them into flakes, needles or fine particles with a length not exceeding 2cm, a width not exceeding 1cm, and a thickness not exceeding 3mm.

[0116] 2. Add auxiliary materials: Use loose livestock manure as auxiliary materials, with a moisture content of 40-50%, and mix it with the broken branches of fruit trees at a volume ratio of 15-20%. Or add 1-2kg of urea as auxiliary materials per cubic meter of broken branches, dissolve the urea first, adjust the water content or mix it evenly, and then sprinkle it evenly. In addition, 10-15% livestock manure and 0.5-1kg urea can also be used as auxiliary materials.

[0117] 3. Inoculate microbial fermentation agent: Use rice bran, wheat bran, bran or corn flour as dilution auxiliary materials, and gradually increase the size from small to large. Evenly mix 1kg of fermentation agent in about 5kg of rice bran for dilution, increase the amount of the mixture of fermentation agent and rice bran to 6kg, and evenly sprinkle it into the pile of materials to be fermented. Each 1kg of fermentation agent can process 1-3 tons of materials. If the fermentation processing volume is large, the diluted agent can be mixed with the manure first, and then mixed with the pre-treated branch crushed material.

[0118] Implementation of step 2:

[0119] 1. Mix the pruned branches of fruit trees, fruit trees, cow and sheep manure, trace element auxiliary materials, rice bran and fermentation auxiliary materials.

[0120] 2. Add fermentation agent: directly stack the fermentation agent and mix it evenly with the material, and control the moisture content between 50% and 66%.

[0121] 3. Fermentation temperature and time: Control the temperature in the fermentation tank between 60℃ and 75℃ and ferment for 16-20 days.

[0122] Implementation of step three:

[0123] 1. Evaluation of bio-organic fertilizer: The fermented material is dried and granulated to obtain bio-organic fertilizer. The evaluation of bio-organic fertilizer includes testing its organic matter content, nutrient content, microbial content, antibiotic residue and other indicators to evaluate its fertilizer efficiency and quality.

[0124] This method uses agricultural organic waste to manufacture bio-organic fertilizer. Through reasonable raw material configuration and microbial fermentation technology, the waste is converted into organic fertilizer, which not only reduces the pollution of agricultural waste to the environment, but also improves the resource utilization rate of the waste. At the same time, the produced bio-organic fertilizer has a good improvement effect and fertilizer effect on the soil, which helps to increase crop yield and quality and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0125] The technical solution provided by the present invention is a method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste. Its working principle mainly includes the following steps:

[0126] 1) Pretreatment: This step includes crushing the pruned branches of the fruit trees. The crushed branches are mechanically crushed into flakes, needles or fine particles to facilitate the subsequent fermentation process. In addition, a certain amount of livestock manure or urea will be added as auxiliary materials to increase the nutritional content of the fertilizer.

[0127] 2) Inoculation of microbial fermentation agents: This step starts the composting process by inoculating microbial fermentation agents. The fermentation agents are first mixed with rice bran and then the mixture is sprinkled into the pre-treated material pile. These agents will begin to consume the organic matter in the material pile under the appropriate temperature and humidity, generate heat and break down the organic matter into smaller molecules, which is the process of composting.

[0128] 3) Fermentation: This step is to allow the microbial fermentation agent to ferment in the material pile under certain temperature and humidity conditions. During the fermentation process, the microorganisms will decompose the organic matter in the material pile and generate a lot of heat. The fermentation time is usually 16-20 days. After the fermentation is completed, the material pile will be converted into nutrient-rich biological organic fertilizer.

[0129] 4) Post-processing: After fermentation is completed, the bio-organic fertilizer needs to be dried, granulated and other subsequent treatments for easy storage and use.

[0130] 5) Evaluation: Finally, the bio-organic fertilizer is evaluated, including its nutrient content, organic matter content, moisture content, pH value and other indicators to confirm its quality and suitability.

[0131] In general, this technical solution utilizes agricultural waste and microbial fermentation technology to produce bio-organic fertilizer, which not only solves the problem of agricultural waste disposal, but also provides an environmentally friendly and efficient fertilizer, which is conducive to the development of sustainable agriculture.

[0132] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a method for evaluating bio-organic fertilizer as follows:

[0133] S201, obtaining bio-organic fertilizer evaluation data corresponding to a preset bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index; calculating the membership value of the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index according to the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation data; determining a judgment matrix according to the membership value; determining an eigenvector according to the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix;

[0134] S202, determining a weight value of the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index according to the characteristic vector; and determining a quality index of the bio-organic fertilizer according to the weight value and the membership value.

[0135] The present invention provides a method for calculating the membership value of the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index according to the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation data, including:

[0136] The bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index includes a bio-organic fertilizer evaluation upper limit value and a bio-organic fertilizer evaluation lower limit value;

[0137] The membership value is determined according to the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation upper limit value, the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation lower limit value and the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation data.

[0138] The present invention provides a method for determining a judgment matrix according to the membership value, including:

[0139] Normalizing the plurality of membership values;

[0140] After the normalization process is completed, the maximum value and the minimum value of the membership values ​​corresponding to the plurality of bio-organic fertilizer evaluation indicators are determined, and the variance of the membership values ​​is determined;

[0141] The judgment matrix is ​​determined according to the variance, the maximum value, the minimum value and a preset relative importance parameter.

[0142] The invention obtains bio-organic fertilizer by mixing forest and fruit pruning branches (walnuts, red dates, etc.), cattle and sheep manure, trace element auxiliary materials, rice bran and fermentation auxiliary materials on site, adding fermentation bacteria, mixing evenly, fermenting, and then drying and granulating; and solves the environmental pollution problem caused by the burning of forest and fruit planting pruning branches, thereby meeting the national agricultural industry bio-organic fertilizer standards; at the same time, through the evaluation method of bio-organic fertilizer, it is possible to rely on multiple indicators in multiple dimensions to conduct a relatively comprehensive bio-organic fertilizer evaluation on the bio-organic fertilizer, the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation result has a considerable degree of reliability, and provides a strong reference basis for improving the performance of the bio-organic fertilizer.

[0143] The invention obtains bio-organic fertilizer by mixing pruned branches of fruit trees (walnuts, red dates, etc.), cattle and sheep manure, trace element auxiliary materials, rice bran and fermentation auxiliary materials on site, adding fermentation bacteria, mixing evenly, fermenting, and then drying and granulating; and solves the environmental pollution problem caused by burning pruned branches of fruit trees; at the same time, through the evaluation method of bio-organic fertilizer, a relatively comprehensive bio-organic fertilizer evaluation can be carried out on the bio-organic fertilizer relying on multiple indicators in multiple dimensions, and the evaluation result of the bio-organic fertilizer has a considerable degree of reliability, which provides a strong reference basis for improving the performance of the bio-organic fertilizer.

[0144] Embodiment 1:

[0145] 1. Raw material preparation: Select fruit pruning branches and livestock manure as the main raw materials. Collect and preliminarily process the fruit pruning branches and cut them into flakes, needles or small particles within 2 cm. At the same time, collect livestock manure and control its moisture content between 40-50%.

[0146] 2. Adding auxiliary materials: Loose livestock manure is used as auxiliary material and mixed with the broken branches of fruit and pruning at a ratio of 15-20% by volume. Then, the fermentation agent is mixed and diluted with about 5kg of rice bran to obtain 6kg of the mixture, which is evenly spread into the raw material pile.

[0147] 3. Fermentation treatment: Mix the raw materials on site, control the moisture content between 50% and 66%, and ensure that the fermentation temperature is between 60℃ and 75℃. The fermentation time is 16-20 days to ensure sufficient reproduction and decomposition of microorganisms.

[0148] 4. Preparation of biological organic fertilizer: After fermentation is completed, the fermentation pile is dried to reduce the water content to an appropriate range. Then granulation is carried out to produce finished biological organic fertilizer.

[0149] Embodiment 2:

[0150] 1. Raw material preparation: Select fruit pruning branches and livestock manure as the main raw materials. Collect and preliminarily process the fruit pruning branches and cut them into flakes, needles or small particles within 2 cm. At the same time, collect livestock manure and control its moisture content between 40-50%.

[0151] 2. Adding auxiliary materials: Use urea as an auxiliary material, add 1-2kg per cubic meter of pruning branches and crushed materials, dissolve the urea first, mix it with the pruning branches and adjust the moisture or mix it evenly. Then, mix and dilute the fermentation agent with about 5kg of corn flour to obtain a 6kg mixture, and evenly sprinkle it into the raw material pile.

[0152] 3. Fermentation treatment: Mix the raw materials on site and control the moisture content between 50% and 66%. The fermentation time is 16-20 days to ensure sufficient reproduction and decomposition of microorganisms.

[0153] 4. Preparation of biological organic fertilizer: After fermentation is completed, the fermentation pile is dried to reduce the water content to an appropriate range. Then granulation is carried out to produce finished biological organic fertilizer.

[0154] Both embodiments use pruning branches of fruit trees and livestock manure as main raw materials, and through different auxiliary material addition schemes and microbial fermentation processes, the discarded organic matter is converted into high-quality bio-organic fertilizer, thus realizing the resource utilization of agricultural organic waste and sustainable agricultural development. At the same time, the produced bio-organic fertilizer has a good improvement effect and fertilizer effect on the soil, which helps to improve the yield and quality of crops.

[0155] Example 3: Orchard waste converted into bio-organic fertilizer

[0156] Step 1: First, collect the pruned branches in the orchard and crush them into flakes or fine particles within 2cm in length, 1cm in width and 3mm in thickness through a crushing device. Then, add loose livestock manure with a moisture content of 40-50% as auxiliary material, according to 15-20% of the volume of the branch crushed material.

[0157] Step 2: Next, inoculate the microbial fermentation agent, use rice bran as a dilution auxiliary material, and gradually expand it. Evenly mix 1 kg of the fermentation agent in 5 kg of rice bran, so that the mixture of the fermentation agent and rice bran increases to 6 kg. Then, evenly spread the mixture into the material pile to be fermented for composting fermentation.

[0158] Step 3: Under the condition of controlling the water content at 50%-66%, ferment for 16-20 days, then dry and granulate to obtain biological organic fertilizer.

[0159] Step 4: Evaluate the bio-organic fertilizer, including checking its nutritional content, stability, and effects on soil and crops.

[0160] Example 4: Conversion of forest waste into bio-organic fertilizer

[0161] Step 1: Collect the pruned branches from the forest and mechanically crush them into flakes, needles or fine particles. Then, add 1-2kg urea as an auxiliary material per cubic meter of pruned branch crushed material, and pre-dissolve the urea before adding.

[0162] Step 2: Inoculate the microbial fermentation agent and use wheat bran as the dilution auxiliary material. Evenly mix 1 kg of the fermentation agent in about 5 kg of wheat bran to increase the amount of the mixture of the fermentation agent and wheat bran to 6 kg.

[0163] Step 3: Mix the diluted bacterial agent with the manure and then with the pre-treated branch crushed material. Ferment for 16-20 days under the condition that the water content is controlled at 50%-66%. Then dry and granulate to obtain biological organic fertilizer.

[0164] Step 4: Evaluate the bio-organic fertilizer, including checking its nutritional content, stability, and effects on soil and crops.

[0165] Both examples demonstrate how to extract valuable resources from discarded branches and other agricultural waste and convert them into environmentally friendly bio-organic fertilizers. This not only helps reduce waste disposal problems, but also provides a more environmentally friendly fertilizer option for agricultural production.

[0166] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Using the pruning branches of fruit trees as raw materials, the pruning branches of fruit trees are crushed by a crushing device, and the pruning branches of fruit trees are mechanically crushed into flakes, needles or small particles, and the length should be within 2 cm, the width should be within 1 cm, and the thickness should be within 3 mm; Loose livestock manure as auxiliary material, with a moisture content of 40-50%, added at 15-20% of the volume of the fruit pruning branches and crushed materials; or 1-2kg of urea is added as auxiliary material per cubic meter of pruning branches and crushed materials, and the urea is added and dissolved in advance; or 10-15% livestock manure and 0.5-1kg of urea are used together as auxiliary materials; Inoculate the microbial fermentation agent, use rice bran, wheat bran, bran or corn flour as dilution auxiliary materials, and gradually enlarge it in order from small to large; 1 kg of fermentation agent is uniformly mixed in about 5 kg of rice bran to dilute it, so that the mixture of fermentation agent and rice bran is increased to 6 kg, so as to be evenly sprinkled into the material pile to be fermented for composting fermentation; Each 1kg fermentation agent can process 1-3 tons of materials. When the fermentation processing volume is large, the diluted agent can be mixed with the manure first and then with the pre-treated branch crushed material. Step 2, mixing fruit pruning branches (walnuts, red dates, etc.), cattle and sheep manure, trace element auxiliary materials, rice bran and fermentation auxiliary materials on site, adding fermentation bacteria, mixing evenly, controlling the water content between 50% and 66%, fermenting at 60° C. to 75° C. for 16 to 20 days, and then drying and granulating to obtain biological organic fertilizer; Step three, evaluate the bio-organic fertilizer.

2. The method for manufacturing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The composting fermentation method includes primary fermentation and secondary fermentation.

3. The method for manufacturing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The primary fermentation method is as follows: The moisture content of the pre-treated mixed material is controlled at 55-65%, that is, the raw material is moist but without running water. Livestock manure is used as auxiliary material. After the water content is adjusted, the manure is tightly grasped into a ball, and water can be seen in the seams of the hands but no water drips. It can be dispersed after releasing the hands. Under conditions, the branches are crushed in advance and the moisture content is adjusted first, so as to facilitate better uniformity of the moisture content of the material and disperse it into the crushed material; The pre-treated mixed materials are stacked in windrows, and the height and width should be set according to the composting season, material particle size, fermentation environment, and compost turning methods and equipment; According to the actual processing effect of pruning branch raw materials, the height of the trapezoidal compost is suitable to be 1-1.2m, the bottom width is 1.2-2m, the top is 0.8-0.9m, and the length is more than 1.5m; The composting method of film covering is used to accumulate heat and retain water. The top is covered with film, and the bottom is not sealed, leaving a gap of 15-20cm to facilitate ventilation and fermentation. When the compost temperature reaches above 60℃, turn the pile every 48 hours; During the fermentation process, check the pile fermentation temperature. When it reaches 70℃, turn the pile immediately. Turn the pile evenly and turn the bottom material to the middle and upper part.

4. The method for manufacturing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: During the fermentation process, the temperature should be measured 3-4 times a day, and the temperature is based on 20-30 cm from the surface; the compost temperature reaches 60°C and is maintained for about 7 days; the maximum temperature should not exceed 70-75°C; The composting fermentation cycle should not be less than 15 days; During the composting process, the moisture content of the material decreases significantly, the material becomes dry or the bulk temperature of the pile decreases, and water should be added in time; During the fermentation process, the pile body will shrink significantly, and the length of the pile should be appropriately shortened to maintain the width and height of the pile.

5. The method for manufacturing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: When the primary fermentation is terminated, the temperature of the fermented material no longer rises, the temperature is about 40° C., the pile is basically odorless, and the material is brown or grayish brown.

6. The method for manufacturing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The secondary fermentation method is as follows: No fresh compost material is added during the secondary fermentation process; The moisture content is controlled at about 50%; The fermentation temperature is controlled below 50℃, and the temperature can be controlled by adjusting the height of the pile. When the temperature is too high, turn the pile to lower the temperature. When fermentation ends, there is no obvious temperature rise in the pile after turning and adding water, and the temperature of the pile is maintained at about 35°C. The water content of the material decreases significantly, and it is brown or grayish brown, loose, and has no odor.

7. The method for manufacturing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The secondary fermentation period is 15-30 days.

8. The method for manufacturing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The described method for evaluating the bio-organic fertilizer is as follows: 1) obtaining bio-organic fertilizer evaluation data corresponding to a preset bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index; and calculating a membership value of the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index according to the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation data; Determine a judgment matrix according to the membership value; determine an eigenvector according to the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix; 2) determining a weight value of the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index according to the characteristic vector; and determining a quality index of the bio-organic fertilizer according to the weight value and the membership value.

9. The method for manufacturing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The step of calculating the membership value of the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index according to the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation data comprises: The bio-organic fertilizer evaluation index includes a bio-organic fertilizer evaluation upper limit value and a bio-organic fertilizer evaluation lower limit value; The membership value is determined according to the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation upper limit value, the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation lower limit value and the bio-organic fertilizer evaluation data.

10. The method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural organic waste as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: Determining a judgment matrix according to the membership value includes: Normalizing the plurality of membership values; After the normalization process is completed, the maximum value and the minimum value of the membership values ​​corresponding to the plurality of bio-organic fertilizer evaluation indicators are determined, and the variance of the membership values ​​is determined; The judgment matrix is ​​determined according to the variance, the maximum value, the minimum value and a preset relative importance parameter.

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