Charcoal-based organic fertilizer based on Fen liquor vinasse, preparation method and crop yield increasing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a crop yield increasing method based on Fen liquor vinasse biochar-based organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: S1, mixing pretreated pig manure and Fen liquor vinasse biochar in a mass ratio of (3: 1)-(4: 1) to obtain a mixed material; and S2, adding a composite fermentation inoculant accounting for 0.5-2% of the total mass of the mixed material into the mixed material, and carrying out mixed fermentation to obtain the charcoal-based organic fertilizer based on the Fen liquor vinasse. The invention further discloses the charcoal-based organic fertilizer based on the Fen liquor vinasse. The invention further discloses a crop yield increasing method based on the Fenyang wine vinasse biochar-based organic fertilizer. According to the biochar-based organic fertilizer based on the Fen liquor vinasse, the preparation method and the crop yield increasing method, the problem that the existing biochar-based organic fertilizer is difficult to extract and utilize the Fen liquor vinasse is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agriculture and environmental technology, and specifically relates to an organic fertilizer based on biochar from Fenjiu lees, a preparation method of the organic fertilizer based on biochar from Fenjiu lees, and a method for increasing crop yield based on the organic fertilizer based on biochar from Fenjiu lees. Background Art

[0002] In the field of agriculture and environmental technology, how to efficiently use organic waste to prepare high-quality organic fertilizers and improve soil fertility and crop yields has always been an important research direction. Wine lees, as a large amount of residual solids produced by the brewing industry, have great potential utilization value. However, there are many shortcomings in the current wine lees in the process of organic fertilizer manufacturing. On the one hand, traditional wine lees processing methods are often simple and rough, and it is difficult to fully extract and utilize the rich nutrients in the wine lees, resulting in serious waste of resources. On the other hand, some existing processing technologies may cause environmental pollution problems. For example, a large amount of odorous gases are produced during the fermentation process, which has an adverse effect on the surrounding air quality; the treated organic fertilizer may contain too much salt or harmful substances, and long-term use will destroy the soil structure and reduce soil quality.

[0003] In response to the problems existing in the utilization of distiller's grains, many relevant patents have been explored. For example, the method of using Luzhou Maotai-flavor distiller's grains to prepare special distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer for anti-mosaic flue-cured tobacco with patent number CN201710690406.0, by adding anti-mosaic bacteria agents to the organic fertilizer prepared with distiller's grains as raw materials, and using the local fresh Maotai-flavor distiller's grains in Luzhou to fully decompose and ferment to make organic fertilizer, effectively prevent and control the mosaic disease of flue-cured tobacco, and improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. Another example is the technology of patent number CN201910934252.4, which uses distiller's grains, olive leaves, bacterial and algal composite agents, and microbial composite bacterial agents in a weight ratio, ferments for 30-40 days, and turns the pile once every 3 days, which solves some of the problems of the existing distiller's grains fermentation process, such as cumbersome process, long fermentation time, insufficient fermentation, and easy generation of odor after fermentation.

[0004] Although these patents have achieved certain results, the efficient utilization of Fenjiu lees, as a unique winemaking waste, is rich in polysaccharides, amino acids and other substances. The existing technology has failed to fully tap the potential of Fenjiu lees in improving soil fertility and promoting crop yields. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu wine lees, which solves the problem that the existing biochar-based organic fertilizer is difficult to extract and utilize Fenjiu wine lees.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu wine lees.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing crop yield based on Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a method for preparing Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix the pretreated pig manure and Fenjiu wine lees biochar in a mass ratio of 3:1-4:1 to obtain a mixed material; S2. Add 0.5%-2% of the total mass of the mixed material into the mixed material for mixed fermentation to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer.

[0009] The present invention is also characterized in that: The method for preparing Fenjiu wine lees biochar in S1 comprises the following steps: S11. Take fresh lees after brewing Fenjiu, dry the fresh lees to a moisture content of 15%-30% to obtain dried lees; S12. The dried lees are placed in a pyrolysis furnace and pyrolyzed in an oxygen-deficient or hypoxic environment at a pyrolysis temperature of 400°C-600°C, a heating rate of 5°C-20°C / min, and a pyrolysis time of 4 hours; S13. After the pyrolysis is completed, the pyrolyzed wine lees are cooled to room temperature to obtain biochar; S14. Grind the biochar into a particle size of 2-5 mm to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar.

[0010] The pyrolysis furnace in S12 adopts a high-temperature tube furnace, and the model of the high-temperature tube furnace is KJ-T1200-S60.

[0011] The method for preparing pretreated pig manure in S1 comprises the following steps: S21. Collect fresh pig manure, remove debris from the fresh pig manure and then compost it for 3-7 days; S22. Add straw powder or sawdust to the composted pig manure to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composted pig manure to 20-35:1, and adjust the water content of the composted pig manure to 50%-70% to obtain pretreated pig manure.

[0012] In S22, the particle sizes of the straw powder and the sawdust are both 1-3 mm, the straw powder is corn straw powder or wheat straw powder, and the sawdust is broad-leaved tree sawdust.

[0013] The specific steps of mixed fermentation in S2 are: The mixed material after adding the composite fermentation agent is piled into a pile with a height of 1-1.5m and a width of 2-3m for composting. The pile is turned over every 2-5 days. The internal temperature of the pile is 50℃-70℃ and the fermentation time is 30-60 days to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer.

[0014] The composite fermentation agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and the ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast is 2-4:1-3:1-2:1-2; The effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 2×10 10 ~4.348×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of Bacillus licheniformis is 1×10 10 ~3.261×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of lactic acid bacteria is 1×10 10 ~2.174×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of yeast is 1×10 10 ~2.174×10 10 cfu / ml.

[0015] The surface of the pile is covered with a breathable material, which is a straw mat or a sunshade net.

[0016] Another technical solution adopted by the present invention is to use biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu wine lees.

[0017] Another technical solution adopted by the present invention is a method for increasing crop yield based on Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S10. Before farming, the organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu wine lees biochar was evenly spread on the soil surface at a dosage of 400 kg / mu; S20. Deeply plow the soil to a depth of 20-30 cm; S30. During the growth of crops, apply Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer or combine it with other chemical fertilizers, with the amount of topdressing being 50~200kg / mu.

[0018] In S30, other fertilizers include one or more of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potash fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer is one or both of urea and ammonium sulfate, the phosphate fertilizer is one or both of superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is one or both of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees, the preparation method and the crop yield-increasing method provided by the present invention, through a reasonable fermentation process, converts Fenjiu lees and pig manure, which are originally easy to corrupt and have high acidity, into stable carbon-based organic fertilizer, reduces their potential harm to the environment, realizes the harmless treatment of wastes, and converts Fenjiu lees, a large amount of waste in the brewing industry, into high-value biochar raw materials, while effectively utilizing pig manure, solving the problem that Fenjiu lees is difficult to extract and utilize in existing biochar-based organic fertilizers, realizes the resource utilization of the two wastes, and reduces pollution to the environment and the pressure of waste accumulation and treatment.

[0020] The biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu wine lees, a preparation method and a method for increasing crop yields provided by the present invention have rich pore structures and large specific surface area. After being applied to the soil, the porosity of the soil can be significantly increased, the air permeability and water retention of the soil can be improved, and a good soil environment for the growth of crop roots can be created. Long-term use of the biochar-based organic fertilizer of the present invention can adjust the pH of the soil, making the soil more suitable for crop growth, and can increase the cation exchange capacity of the soil, improve the soil's fertilizer retention capacity, and reduce nutrient loss.

[0021] The organic fertilizer based on biochar from Fenjiu lees, the preparation method and the crop yield increasing method provided by the present invention can effectively improve the quality of crops, increase the soluble solid content, vitamin content and sugar content of fruits, reduce the acidity of fruits, make the fruits taste better, have brighter colors and richer nutrition; at the same time, increase the hardness of fruits, improve the storage and transportation performance of fruits, and improve the market competitiveness of agricultural products.

[0022] The biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees, the preparation method and the crop yield-increasing method provided by the present invention have simple preparation process operation, are easy to industrialize and promote for application, have mild fermentation process conditions, do not require complicated equipment and high energy consumption, thus reducing production costs, and have a wide range of raw material sources and low prices. Fenjiu lees and pig manure are produced in large quantities in breweries and farms and are easy to obtain, thus further reducing the production cost of the fertilizer, and having good economic benefits and market prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the preparation method of Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] The present invention provides a method for preparing a biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu wine lees, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: S1. Mix the pretreated pig manure and Fenjiu wine lees biochar in a mass ratio of 3:1-4:1 to obtain a mixed material; The method for preparing Fenjiu wine lees biochar in S1 comprises the following steps: S11. Take fresh lees after brewing Fenjiu, dry the fresh lees to a moisture content of 15%-30% to obtain dried lees; S12. The dried lees are placed in a pyrolysis furnace and pyrolyzed in an oxygen-deficient or hypoxic environment at a pyrolysis temperature of 400°C-600°C, a heating rate of 5°C-20°C / min, and a pyrolysis time of 4 hours; S13. After the pyrolysis is completed, the pyrolyzed wine lees are cooled to room temperature to obtain biochar; S14. Grind the biochar into a particle size of 2-5 mm to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar.

[0026] Crushing to a particle size of 2-5 mm can expose more internal functional groups on the surface, increase the contact opportunities between functional groups and external substances, and thus improve the chemical activity and adsorption performance of biochar.

[0027] The pyrolysis furnace adopts a high-temperature tube furnace, and the model of the high-temperature tube furnace is KJ-T1200-S60.

[0028] The method for preparing pretreated pig manure in S1 comprises the following steps: S21. Collect fresh pig manure, remove debris from the fresh pig manure and then compost it for 3-7 days; S22. Add straw powder or sawdust to the composted pig manure to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composted pig manure to 20-35:1, and adjust the water content of the composted pig manure to 50%-70% to obtain pretreated pig manure.

[0029] The particle sizes of straw powder and sawdust are both 1-3mm, the straw powder is corn straw powder or wheat straw powder, and the sawdust is broad-leaved tree sawdust.

[0030] The composite fermentation agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and the ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast is 2-4:1-3:1-2:1-2; The effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 2×10 10 ~4.348×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of Bacillus licheniformis is 1×10 10 ~3.261×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of lactic acid bacteria is 1×10 10 ~2.174×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of yeast is 1×1010 ~2.174×10 10 cfu / ml.

[0031] S2. Add 0.5%-2% of the total mass of the mixed material into the mixed material for mixed fermentation to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer.

[0032] The specific steps of mixed fermentation in S2 are: The mixed material after adding the composite fermentation agent is piled into a pile with a height of 1-1.5m and a width of 2-3m for composting. The pile is turned over every 2-5 days. The internal temperature of the pile is 50℃-70℃. The fermentation time is 30-60 days, until the material is decomposed, the color becomes dark brown, the texture is loose, and there is no obvious odor, to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer.

[0033] The surface of the pile is covered with a breathable material, which is a straw mat or a sunshade net.

[0034] The method for increasing crop yield based on Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer provided by the present invention comprises the following steps: S10. Before farming, the organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu wine lees biochar was evenly spread on the soil surface at a dosage of 400 kg / mu; S20. Deeply plow the soil to a depth of 20-30 cm; S30. During the growth of crops, apply Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer or combine it with other chemical fertilizers, with the amount of topdressing being 50~200kg / mu.

[0035] Other fertilizers include one or more of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer is one or both of urea and ammonium sulfate, the phosphate fertilizer is one or both of superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is one or both of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.

[0036] Example 1 The preparation method of Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer proposed in this embodiment comprises the following steps: S1. Mix 75kg of pretreated pig manure and 25kg of Fenjiu lees biochar to obtain a mixed material; Preparation of biochar from Fenjiu wine lees: fresh wine lees after brewing Fenjiu were taken and dried to a moisture content of 15%. The dried wine lees were placed in a pyrolysis furnace and pyrolyzed in an oxygen-deficient or hypoxic environment at a pyrolysis temperature of 400°C, a heating rate of 5°C / min, and a pyrolysis time of 4 hours. After the pyrolysis was completed, the wine lees after pyrolysis were cooled to room temperature and the obtained biochar was crushed to a particle size of 2 mm to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar; Preparation of pre-treated pig manure: collect fresh pig manure, remove the impurities in the fresh pig manure and then compost it for 5 days; S22. Add 1 mm straw powder to the composted pig manure to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composted pig manure to 20:1, and adjust the water content of the composted pig manure to 60% to obtain pretreated pig manure.

[0037] S2. Add 0.5 kg of composite fermentation bacteria into the mixed material for mixed fermentation to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer.

[0038] The composite fermentation agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast is 2:1:1:1; the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 2×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of Bacillus licheniformis is 1×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of lactic acid bacteria is 1×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of yeast is 1×10 10 cfu / ml.

[0039] Mixed fermentation: The mixed material after adding the composite fermentation agent is piled into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2.5m for composting. During the composting process, the pile is turned over every 3 days, and the internal temperature of the pile is maintained at 50°C. The fermentation time is 30 days, until the mixed material is decomposed, the color turns dark brown, the texture is loose and there is no obvious odor, to obtain an organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees biochar.

[0040] Example 2 The method for increasing crop yield based on Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer proposed in this embodiment comprises the following steps: S10. Before farming, the Fenjiu lees biochar-based organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was evenly spread on the soil surface at an amount of 400 kg / mu; S20. Deeply plow the soil to a depth of 20 cm and adjust the soil pH to 6; S30. During the crop growth process, the Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 is applied in an amount of 200 kg / mu.

[0041] Comparative Example 1 Compared with the preparation method in Example 1, the difference is that the retting step is omitted, and the other steps are the same.

[0042] Example 3 The preparation method of Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer proposed in this embodiment comprises the following steps: S1. Mix 80 kg of pretreated pig manure and 20 kg of Fenjiu lees biochar to obtain a mixed material; Preparation of biochar from Fenjiu wine lees: fresh wine lees after brewing Fenjiu were taken and dried to a moisture content of 25%. The dried wine lees were placed in a pyrolysis furnace and pyrolyzed in an oxygen-deficient or hypoxic environment at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C, a heating rate of 15°C / min, and a pyrolysis time of 4 hours. After the pyrolysis was completed, the wine lees after pyrolysis were cooled to room temperature and the obtained biochar was crushed to a particle size of 3 mm to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar; Preparation of pre-treated pig manure: collect fresh pig manure, remove the debris from the fresh pig manure and then compost it for 3 days; S22. Add 3 mm sawdust to the composted pig manure to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composted pig manure to 25:1, and adjust the water content of the composted pig manure to 50% to obtain pretreated pig manure.

[0043] S2. Add 1 kg of composite fermentation bacteria into the mixed material for mixed fermentation to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer.

[0044] The composite fermentation agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast is 4:3:2:2; the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 4.348×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of Bacillus licheniformis was 3.261×10 10 cfu / ml, effective viable count of lactic acid bacteria 2.174×10 10 cfu / ml, effective viable count of yeast 2.174×10 10 cfu / ml.

[0045] Mixed fermentation: The mixed material after adding the composite fermentation agent is piled into a pile with a height of 1m and a width of 2m for composting. During the composting process, the pile is turned over every 2 days, and the internal temperature of the pile is maintained at 70°C. The fermentation time is 45 days, until the mixed material is decomposed, the color turns dark brown, the texture is loose and there is no obvious odor, to obtain an organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu wine lees biochar.

[0046] Example 4 The method for increasing crop yield based on Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer proposed in this embodiment comprises the following steps: S10. Before farming, the biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees prepared in Example 3 was evenly applied on the soil surface at an amount of 400 kg / mu; S20. Deeply plow the soil to a depth of 30 cm and adjust the soil pH to 8; S30. During the growth of crops, the Fenjiu lees biochar-based organic fertilizer prepared in Example 3 is used to replace 25% of the fertilizer nitrogen according to the nitrogen content of the same conventional fertilizer in crop planting, that is, the same nitrogen content as the conventional fertilizer applied in crop planting is applied to the soil, and 50 kg / mu of the Fenjiu lees biochar-based organic fertilizer prepared in Example 3 is applied as a topdressing.

[0047] Comparative Example 2 Compared with the preparation method in Example 2, the difference is that the Fenjiu wine lees biochar component is omitted, and the other steps are the same.

[0048] Example 5 The preparation method of Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer proposed in this embodiment comprises the following steps: S1. Mix 77kg of pretreated pig manure and 23kg of Fenjiu lees biochar to obtain a mixed material; Preparation of biochar from Fenjiu wine lees: fresh wine lees after brewing Fenjiu were taken and dried to a moisture content of 30%. The dried wine lees were placed in a pyrolysis furnace and pyrolyzed in an oxygen-deficient or hypoxic environment at a pyrolysis temperature of 600°C, a heating rate of 25°C / min, and a pyrolysis time of 4 hours. After the pyrolysis was completed, the wine lees after pyrolysis were cooled to room temperature and the obtained biochar was crushed to a particle size of 5 mm to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar; Preparation of pre-treated pig manure: collect fresh pig manure, remove the impurities in the fresh pig manure and then compost it for 7 days; S22. Add 3 mm straw powder to the composted pig manure to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composted pig manure to 35:1, and adjust the water content of the composted pig manure to 70% to obtain pretreated pig manure.

[0049] S2. Add 2 kg of composite fermentation bacteria into the mixed material for mixed fermentation to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer.

[0050] The composite fermentation agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast is 3:2:1:1; the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 3.172×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of Bacillus licheniformis was 2.01×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of lactic acid bacteria is 1.783×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of yeast is 2.01×10 10 cfu / ml.

[0051] Mixed fermentation: The mixed material after adding the composite fermentation agent is piled into a pile with a height of 1m and a width of 3m for composting. During the composting process, the pile is turned over every 5 days, and the internal temperature of the pile is maintained at 60°C. The fermentation time is 60 days, until the mixed material is decomposed, the color turns dark brown, the texture is loose and there is no obvious odor, to obtain an organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees biochar.

[0052] Example 6 The method for increasing crop yield based on Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer proposed in this embodiment comprises the following steps: S10. Before farming, the biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees prepared in Example 5 was evenly applied on the soil surface at an amount of 400 kg / mu; S20. Deeply plow the soil to a depth of 25 cm and adjust the soil pH to 7; S30. During the growth of crops, the biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees prepared in Example 3 replaces 50% of the nitrogen in chemical fertilizers according to the nitrogen content of the same conventional fertilizers in crop planting. That is, the organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees biochar prepared in Example 3 is applied to the soil with the same nitrogen content as the conventional fertilizers used in crop planting, and 100 kg / mu of the biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees prepared in Example 3 is applied as a topdressing.

[0053] Comparative Example 3 Compared with the preparation method in Example 5, the difference is that the pig manure component is omitted, and the other steps are the same.

[0054] Comparative Example 4 Compared with the preparation method in Example 5, the difference is that the step of adding 3 mm straw powder to the composted pig manure is omitted, and the other steps are the same.

[0055] Comparative Example 5 Compared with the preparation method of Example 5, the Fenjiu wine lees carbon-based organic fertilizer is replaced with carbon-based organic fertilizer A: livestock and poultry manure carbon-based organic fertilizer. Carbon-based organic fertilizer A uses fresh chicken manure as the main source of livestock and poultry manure, accounting for 50%. After aerobic composting, the more active heavy metal forms are transformed into less active forms, reducing heavy metal pollution, adding 15% of sugarcane bagasse as a composting auxiliary material to improve the air permeability and carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost, containing 10% biochar modified by hydrogen peroxide, which is made by uniformly mixing straw biochar and 5% hydrogen peroxide solution in a ratio of 1:10, which can effectively improve the passivation effect of heavy metals and reduce N2O emissions. In addition, it contains some conventional nutritional additives, such as humic acid, trace elements, etc., accounting for 25%, which are used to improve the overall fertility of fertilizers and improve soil structure. The other steps are the same.

[0056] Comparative Example 6 Compared with the preparation method of Example 5, the carbon-based organic fertilizer of Fenjiu wine lees is replaced with carbon-based organic fertilizer B: the main raw material of carbon-based organic fertilizer B is wheat straw, accounting for 60%. After crushing, it is heated to 500°C at a rate of 10°C / min in a tubular furnace under a N2 atmosphere with a flow rate of 20ml / min for 4h to make straw biochar, and 20% of corn cobs are added to further enrich the organic matter source of fertilizer. It also contains 10% of microbial agents, including a variety of beneficial bacteria, which can promote the decomposition and transformation of nutrients in the soil and enhance soil fertility. The remaining 10% is some commonly used inorganic fertilizer additives, such as basic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are used to supplement the main elements required for crop growth. The other steps are the same.

[0057] Example 7 In order to understand the application of different biochar-based organic fertilizers, the following 9 treatment areas were set up, and each treatment area was repeated 3 times. The application area was 1 / 4 mu (about 167m 2 ), the crop was corn (Xianyu 335). Randomized block arrangement was adopted, with 1m wide protection row in each interval, and other factors such as field management were the same.

[0058] Table 1 Comparison of the effects of different fertilizers on corn growth and yield

[0059] The results are shown in Table 1 above. By comparing the experimental data of Example 1 with Comparative Example 1, Example 3 with Comparative Example 2, Example 5 with Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 5, it can be seen that the example group shows obvious advantages in all aspects.

[0060] The yield of Example 1 is higher than that of the comparison example 1 which lacks composting, and the plants are more robust, have more leaves, an earlier tasting period, longer ears and fuller grains; the yield of Example 3 is significantly improved compared with the comparison example 2 which lacks biochar, the plant growth trend is better, the growth cycle is shorter, and the ear and grain development are better; Example 5 has obvious advantages in yield, plant morphology, growth cycle, and ear and grain quality relative to the comparison example 4 which lacks the addition of straw powder, which fully demonstrates that composting, biochar, the addition of straw powder, etc. play a key role in improving the yield and quality of corn. The lack of these ingredients will seriously affect the growth and development of corn and the final yield; in addition, by comparing with other common carbon-based organic fertilizers, it can be seen that the carbon-based organic fertilizer prepared by fermenting Fenjiu wine lees biochar with pig manure can effectively promote growth and increase yield in corn planting.

Claims

1. A method for preparing organic fertilizer based on biochar from Fenjiu wine lees, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Mix the pretreated pig manure and Fenjiu wine lees biochar in a mass ratio of 3:1-4:1 to obtain a mixed material; S2. Add 0.5%-2% of the total mass of the mixed material into the mixed material for mixed fermentation to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing Fenjiu wine lees biochar described in S1 comprises the following steps: S11. Take fresh lees after brewing Fenjiu, dry the fresh lees to a moisture content of 15%-30% to obtain dried lees; S12. The dried lees are placed in a pyrolysis furnace and pyrolyzed in an oxygen-deficient or hypoxic environment at a pyrolysis temperature of 400°C-600°C, a heating rate of 5°C-20°C / min, and a pyrolysis time of 4 hours; S13. After the pyrolysis is completed, the pyrolyzed wine lees are cooled to room temperature to obtain biochar; S14. Grind the biochar into a particle size of 2-5 mm to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar.

3. The method for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pyrolysis furnace described in S12 adopts a high-temperature tube furnace, and the model of the high-temperature tube furnace is KJ-T1200-S60.

4. The method for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the pretreated pig manure described in S1 comprises the following steps: S21. Collect fresh pig manure, remove debris from the fresh pig manure and then compost it for 3-7 days; S22. Add straw powder or sawdust to the composted pig manure to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composted pig manure to 20-35:1, and adjust the water content of the composted pig manure to 50%-70% to obtain pretreated pig manure.

5. The method for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S22, the particle sizes of the straw powder and the sawdust are both 1-3 mm, the straw powder is corn straw powder or wheat straw powder, and the sawdust is broad-leaved tree sawdust.

6. The method for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of mixed fermentation in S2 are: The mixed material after adding the composite fermentation agent is piled into a pile with a height of 1-1.5m and a width of 2-3m for composting. The pile is turned over every 2-5 days. The internal temperature of the pile is 50℃-70℃ and the fermentation time is 30-60 days to obtain Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer.

7. The method for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite fermentation bacterial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and the ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast is 2-4:1-3:1-2:1-2; The effective viable bacterial count of the Bacillus subtilis is 2×10 10 ~4.348×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of Bacillus licheniformis is 1×10 10 ~3.261×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of the lactic acid bacteria is 1×10 10 ~2.174×10 10 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of the yeast is 1×10 10 ~2.174×10 10 cfu / ml.

8. The method for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu lees according to claim 6, characterized in that: The surface of the pile is covered with air-permeable material, and the air-permeable material is straw curtains or sunshade nets.

9. The biochar-based organic fertilizer based on Fenjiu wine lees prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The method for increasing crop yield based on Fenjiu lees biochar-based organic fertilizer prepared by any one of claims 1 to 8 or based on Fenjiu lees biochar-based organic fertilizer according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10. Before farming, the Fenjiu lees biochar-based organic fertilizer was evenly spread on the soil surface at a dosage of 400 kg / mu; S20. Deeply plow the soil to a depth of 20-30 cm; S30. During the crop growth process, the topdressing of the Fenjiu wine lees biochar-based organic fertilizer or in combination with other fertilizers, the amount of topdressing is 50~200kg / mu; In S30, the other fertilizers include one or more of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potash fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer is one or both of urea and ammonium sulfate, the phosphate fertilizer is one or both of superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is one or both of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.

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