Passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method capable of being thrown and fished

Abstract

The invention provides a throwing-in and pulling-out passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method which comprises the following steps that a monitoring tool is thrown to a preset position in an underground oil pipe, and the preset position is a detection area with high-speed fluid; the monitoring tool comprises a charging and generating device, and the charging and generating device generates electricity under the action of high-speed fluid and provides a stable power source for the monitoring tool. An electronic pressure gauge in the monitoring tool monitors pressure stabilization data in a detection area, and information is transmitted to a ground receiver through wireless transmission; a passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring technology is specially provided on the basis of an existing steel wire dropping-fishing well testing technology, underground power generation and battery charging can be achieved, and the requirement for long-time monitoring of an electronic pressure gauge is met; wireless data transmission can also be realized; and under the condition of meeting the requirement of recording more data of the monitoring well, the construction frequency and the construction risk are greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of dynamic monitoring of oil and gas reservoirs, and in particular to a passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method that can be cast and salvaged. Background Art

[0002] In the field of dynamic monitoring technology of oil and gas reservoirs, there are situations with "ultra-deep (6500-8000m), high temperature (150-190℃), and ultra-high pressure (110-136MPa)". The later reservoir temperature and pressure data acquisition and evaluation are difficult. During the production test of high-pressure gas wells, there were accidents such as instrument falling into the well and cable corrosion and breaking, which forced the production wells to stop production or "produce with illness". The oil field basically stopped the acquisition of high-temperature and high-pressure gas well wire operation data. For blocks with ultra-high pressure and high temperature, the main downhole tools such as high-temperature and high-pressure pressure gauges and JDC fishing tools were introduced in the future. Combined with the characteristics of the working conditions, the dynamic flow seal blowout preventer was innovatively developed, the well test operation procedure was optimized, and the downhole temperature and pressure data were acquired by using the seated wire fishing well test technology process.

[0003] The wireline casting and fishing well testing technology can meet the different well testing process requirements such as pressure recovery and pressure drop test, single production or variable production test, interference test, etc.; it greatly reduces the high-risk operation time of well control, and the high-risk period is reduced from the previous 7 days to the current 8 hours; the pressure gauge can record data in the well for up to 52 days; it improves the quality of pressure recovery data of ultra-low permeability reservoirs, and the pressure recovery time is increased from the previous 7 days to the current 30 days; but with the advancement of integrated exploration and development, the dynamic monitoring test of the three super gas wells continues to discover new blockages, such as wax blockage, aromatic hydrocarbon blockage, mixed blockage, etc., which makes the test risk greater, more difficult and more costly on the basis of the existing test difficulty, bringing unprecedented challenges to the test. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method that can be cast and retrieved, which greatly reduces the construction frequency and construction risks while meeting the requirement of recording more data from the monitoring wells.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method that can be cast and salvaged comprises the following steps:

[0007] Throwing the monitoring tool to a preset position in the downhole oil pipe, the preset position being a detection area with high-speed fluid;

[0008] The monitoring tool includes a charging and power generation device, which generates electricity under the action of high-speed fluid and provides a stable power supply to the monitoring tool;

[0009] The electronic pressure gauge in the monitoring tool monitors the constant pressure data in the detection area and transmits this information to the ground receiver via wireless transmission.

[0010] Furthermore, the charging and power generation device includes a battery pack and a power generation structure. The battery pack adopts a parallel battery pack, and the power generation structure adopts a micro eddy current generator or a micro DC generator.

[0011] Furthermore, a power supply unit with a power generation structure is provided in the parallel battery pack.

[0012] Furthermore, the charging and power generation device also includes a transformer and a battery charging circuit.

[0013] Furthermore, the charging and power generation device also includes an automatic start-stop charging module, which is provided with a charging threshold and a stop charging threshold. When the battery capacity of the charging and power generation device is lower than the charging threshold, charging starts; when the battery capacity of the charging and power generation device is higher than the stop charging threshold, charging stops.

[0014] Furthermore, the monitoring tool also includes a transmitter, which is used to collect downhole temperature and pressure data transmitted by the electronic pressure gauge.

[0015] Furthermore, the transmitter uses quantum communication technology to transmit underground temperature and pressure data to a ground receiver.

[0016] Furthermore, the quantum communication technology includes quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation. The quantum key distribution encrypts the transmitted information based on the quantum non-cloning property, and the quantum teleportation transmits quantum bits based on the quantum entanglement state.

[0017] Furthermore, the outer cover of the monitoring tool is provided with a drag barrel.

[0018] Furthermore, the drag tube is a sealed cavity structure.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0020] The present invention provides a passive permanent downhole temperature and pressure monitoring method that can be cast and retrieved, comprising the following steps: a monitoring tool is cast to a preset position in a downhole oil pipe, the preset position being a detection area with a high-speed fluid; the monitoring tool comprises a charging and power generation device, the charging and power generation device generates electricity under the action of the high-speed fluid and provides a stable power supply to the monitoring tool; an electronic pressure gauge in the monitoring tool monitors the pressure stabilization data in the detection area, and transmits the information to a ground receiver through wireless transmission; the present application proposes a passive permanent downhole temperature and pressure monitoring technology based on the existing steel wire casting and catching well testing technology, which can realize downhole power generation and battery charging to meet the long-term monitoring of the electronic pressure gauge; it can also realize wireless data transmission; while meeting the requirement of recording more data of the monitoring well, the construction frequency and construction risk are greatly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a connection diagram of a passive permanent downhole temperature and pressure monitoring module that can be cast and salvaged in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a parallel battery pack in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the transformer structure in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a diagram of a quantum communication module in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a temperature data curve diagram in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a pressure data curve diagram in a specific embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0028] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0030] The present invention provides a passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method that can be cast and salvaged, comprising the following steps:

[0031] Throwing the monitoring tool to a preset position in the downhole oil pipe, the preset position being a detection area with high-speed fluid;

[0032] The monitoring tool includes a charging and power generation device, which generates electricity under the action of high-speed fluid and provides a stable power supply to the monitoring tool;

[0033] The electronic pressure gauge in the monitoring tool monitors the constant pressure data in the detection area and transmits this information to the ground receiver via wireless transmission.

[0034] It should be noted that if Figure 1 As shown, the monitoring tool includes a transmitter, an electronic pressure gauge, a parallel battery pack and a charging and power generation device. The transmitter is used to collect data from the electronic pressure gauge and send the data to a ground receiver through a wireless communication unit. The charging and power generation device uses the potential energy of a high-speed fluid to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and stores the converted electrical energy through the parallel battery pack.

[0035] Preferably, the charging and power generation device includes a battery pack and a power generation structure, the battery pack adopts a parallel battery pack, and the power generation structure adopts a micro eddy current generator or a micro DC generator; it should be noted that the micro eddy current generator is a device that converts kinetic energy into electrical energy using the eddy current phenomenon. Under the action of the conductor magnetic field, the eddy current formed inside the conductor interacts with the magnetic field to generate an electromagnetic torque, thereby causing the conductor to rotate and drive the rotor to rotate, and then drive the generator to generate electricity through the transmission device; the micro DC generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into DC electrical energy, which is mainly used as a DC motor required for DC motor, electrolysis, electroplating, electrosmelting, charging and excitation of AC generators. It has a better potential waveform and less electromagnetic interference. In this embodiment, the micro eddy current generator or micro DC generator converts the potential energy of the underground high-speed fluid into electrical energy, thereby providing a continuous source of electrical energy for the long-term operation of the monitoring tool underground.

[0036] Preferably, the parallel battery pack is provided with a power supply unit with a power generation structure, such as Figure 2 As shown in the theoretical study, the total voltage U of the parallel circuit remains unchanged, that is, U = U 1 =U 2 =U 3 =…=Un; the total current I is equal to the I of each battery (battery group) x The addition of I = I 1 +I 2 +I 3 +…+I n That is, for every additional battery group (battery pack) connected in parallel, the current and battery life are doubled, and the battery life is in multiples with the number of batteries connected in parallel; when connecting parallel circuits, please note that: if a branch circuit is open, it will not affect other branches, but if a branch circuit is short-circuited, it will affect other branches, causing greater damage, and the design requires higher safety; at the same time, it should be noted that batteries should not be mixed, and batteries of the same type should be used, and when the battery power is low, all batteries should be replaced. Therefore, when connecting batteries in parallel, avoid mixing batteries of different brands, different capacities, and different degrees of age.

[0037] Preferably, Figure 3As shown, the charging and power generation device also includes a transformer and a battery charging circuit. The transformer and the battery charging circuit are added to realize the stable charging function. The transformer has a special parameter, the transformation ratio, for changing the voltage. The transformation ratio of the transformer indicates the relationship between the number of turns of the primary winding and the number of turns of the secondary winding of the transformer. From the transformation ratio, it can be seen whether a transformer is a step-up transformer or a step-down transformer, or a 1:1 transformer. Transformation ratio = number of turns of primary winding / number of turns of secondary winding. If the transformation ratio is less than 1, it means that the number of turns of the primary winding is less than the number of turns of the secondary winding, and it is a step-up transformer; if the transformation ratio is greater than 1, it means that the number of turns of the primary winding is greater than the number of turns of the secondary winding, and it is a step-down transformer. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the role of the transformer is mainly reflected in the following aspects: Voltage conversion: One of the main functions of the transformer is to change the AC voltage. Through the electromagnetic induction between the primary coil and the secondary coil, the input AC voltage can be reduced or increased to meet different power requirements; Current conversion: The transformer can also perform current conversion. According to needs, the transformer can increase or decrease The intensity of the current can meet the current requirements of different devices; impedance transformation: the impedance transformation function of the transformer is very important for electronic equipment and power systems. It can increase or decrease the impedance of the circuit to achieve stable operation of the circuit or meet specific needs; isolation: the transformer also has an isolation function, which can prevent the impact on the secondary circuit when a fault occurs on the primary side, thereby ensuring power safety; voltage stabilization: some special types of transformers also have a voltage stabilization function, which can stabilize the voltage and avoid voltage fluctuations from having adverse effects on electrical equipment; it should be further explained that the battery charging circuit is used to transfer the electrical energy of the power generation structure to the face-changing battery pack for storage.

[0038] Preferably, the charging and power generation device also includes an automatic start-stop charging module, which is provided with a charging threshold and a charging stop threshold. Charging starts when the battery capacity of the charging and power generation device is lower than the charging threshold, and charging stops when the battery capacity of the charging and power generation device is higher than the charging stop threshold.

[0039] Preferably, the monitoring tool also includes a transmitter, which is used to collect downhole temperature and pressure data transmitted by the electronic pressure gauge; further, the transmitter uses quantum communication technology to transmit the downhole temperature and pressure data to the ground receiver; further, quantum communication can meet the requirements of long distance, large capacity, easy networking, etc. in space. Quantum communication can be used to build a high-speed, large-capacity communication network to achieve the transmission of large-capacity and ultra-high-speed data such as high-definition images, laying a solid foundation for the establishment of a quantum Internet. The transmission rate of quantum communication can theoretically be equal to the vibration frequency of particles, which means that its transmission rate can reach trillions of Gbit / s, and the quantum communication delay is zero, which can achieve superluminal communication, which is of great significance for solving the current communication bandwidth bottleneck; Figure 4As shown, the quantum communication technology includes quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation. The quantum key distribution encrypts the transmitted information based on the non-cloning property of quantum, and the quantum teleportation transmits quantum bits based on the quantum entanglement state.

[0040] It should be noted that those skilled in the art may adopt one or more of the following wireless communication technologies: A wireless bridge is a product of the combination of wireless radio frequency technology and traditional wired bridge technology. A wireless bridge is designed for point-to-point network interconnection using wireless (microwave) for long-distance data transmission. It is a storage and forwarding device that implements LAN interconnection at the link layer and can be used for long-distance (up to 50Km), high-speed (up to 100M bps) wireless networking between fixed digital devices and other fixed digital devices. Both spread spectrum microwave and wireless bridge technologies can be used to transmit large data volume signal transmission services such as video surveillance that have very high bandwidth requirements;

[0041] Spread spectrum communication, or spread spectrum communication technology, refers to a communication technology in which the bandwidth of the signal used to transmit information is much larger than the bandwidth of the information itself. It was first used in military communications. The basic principle of its transmission is to modulate the transmitted information with a pseudo-random code sequence (spread spectrum code). The rate of the pseudo-random code is much larger than the rate of transmitting information. At this time, the bandwidth occupied by the transmitted signal is much larger than the bandwidth required by the information itself, thus achieving spectrum expansion. At the same time, the radio power spectrum density emitted into space is also greatly reduced. At the receiving end, the same spread spectrum code is used for correlation demodulation and recovery of information data! Its main features are: extremely strong anti-noise ability; extremely strong anti-interference ability; strong anti-fading ability; strong anti-multipath interference ability; easy for multimedia communication networking; good security communication capabilities; no interference with other similar systems, etc. It also has the characteristics of long transmission distance and wide coverage, which is particularly suitable for field networking applications.

[0042] Shortwave communication refers to radio communication using shortwave, also known as high frequency (HF) communication. Shortwave communication can be divided into ground wave propagation and sky wave propagation. The attenuation of ground wave propagation increases with the increase of operating frequency. Under the same ground conditions, the higher the frequency, the greater the attenuation. The use of ground waves is only suitable for short-distance communication, and its operating frequency is generally selected below 5MHZ. Ground wave propagation is less affected by weather and is relatively stable. The channel parameters basically do not change with time, so the channel can be regarded as a constant parameter channel. Sky wave propagation is a way for radio waves to be reflected by the ionosphere for long-distance communication. The obliquely projected electromagnetic waves can be transmitted to the ground thousands of kilometers away after being reflected by the ionosphere. The propagation loss of sky waves is much smaller than that of ground waves. After multiple reflections between the ground and the ionosphere, they can reach extremely far places. Therefore, sky waves can be used for global communication. Sky wave propagation is extremely unstable due to the serious influence of ionospheric changes and multipath propagation. Its channel parameters change dramatically with time, so it is called a variable parameter channel. The characteristics of shortwave communication are: low construction and maintenance costs, short cycle, simple equipment, easy circuit scheduling, strong anti-destruction capability, narrow frequency band, small communication capacity, and poor sky wave channel signal transmission stability.

[0043] Preferably, the monitoring tool is externally covered with a drag tube, and the drag tube is a sealed cavity structure.

[0044] The present invention provides a preferred embodiment:

[0045] In 2022, considering the various difficulties in retrieving the pressure gauge in the later stage, it may lead to the failure to retrieve the pressure gauge in time. Therefore, before the pressure gauge is put into the H2 well, it is designed to be connected in parallel circuit. A single electronic pressure gauge is connected in parallel with two batteries to extend the battery life to ensure that the battery and the electronic pressure gauge are still working when the pressure gauge is retrieved. In the end, the time of the pressure gauge being put into the test for this time exceeded five months, far exceeding the expected three months. The pressure gauge was successfully retrieved from the H2 well, and the ultra-long downhole temperature and pressure data of up to 2478h / 103d were obtained. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the expected three-month testing date was achieved.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method that can be cast and salvaged, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Throwing the monitoring tool to a preset position in the downhole oil pipe, the preset position being a detection area with high-speed fluid; The monitoring tool includes a charging and power generation device, which generates electricity under the action of high-speed fluid and provides a stable power supply to the monitoring tool; The electronic pressure gauge in the monitoring tool monitors the constant pressure data in the detection area and transmits this information to the ground receiver via wireless transmission.

2. According to claim 1, a passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method that can be cast and salvaged is characterized in that: The charging and power generation device comprises a battery pack and a power generation structure. The battery pack adopts a parallel battery pack, and the power generation structure adopts a micro eddy current generator or a micro DC generator.

3. According to claim 2, a passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method that can be cast and salvaged is characterized in that: The parallel battery pack is provided with a power supply unit of a power generation structure.

4. According to claim 2, a passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method that can be cast and salvaged is characterized in that: The charging and power generation device also includes a transformer and a battery charging circuit.

5. According to claim 1, a passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method that can be cast and salvaged is characterized in that: The charging and power generation device also includes an automatic start-stop charging module, which is provided with a charging threshold and a stop charging threshold. When the battery capacity of the charging and power generation device is lower than the charging threshold, charging starts; when the battery capacity of the charging and power generation device is higher than the stop charging threshold, charging stops.

6. According to claim 1, a passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method that can be cast and salvaged is characterized in that: The monitoring tool also includes a transmitter, which is used to transmit downhole temperature and pressure data collected by the electronic pressure gauge.

7. A passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method that can be cast and salvaged according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transmitter uses quantum communication technology to transmit underground temperature and pressure data to a ground receiver.

8. A passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method that can be cast and salvaged according to claim 7, characterized in that: The quantum communication technology includes quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation. The quantum key distribution encrypts the transmitted information based on the non-cloning property of quantum, and the quantum teleportation transmits quantum bits based on the quantum entanglement state.

9. The passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer cover of the monitoring tool is provided with a drag barrel.

10. A passive permanent underground temperature and pressure monitoring method that can be cast and salvaged according to claim 9, characterized in that: The drag barrel is a sealed cavity structure.

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