Underground roadway tunneling presplitting blasting process

Abstract

The invention provides an underground roadway tunneling presplitting blasting process which comprises the following steps: S1, hole arrangement: in a mining stage in a stope, arranging a plurality of peripheral holes, auxiliary holes, underholing holes, bottom holes and filling holes; s2, the explosive loading amount of the peripheral holes is adjusted, specifically, the explosive loading amount of the single holes of the peripheral holes is adjusted to 4 pieces from 3 pieces of original smooth blasting small cartridges; s3, the hole pitch is adjusted, specifically, the hole pitch is adjusted to 400 mm from original 600 mm; s4, fixing the cartridge explosive: fixing the cartridge explosive by adopting a bamboo chip as a medium, so that the blasting energy is uniform; and S5, the detonation sequence is determined, specifically, detonation is conducted according to the sequence from the peripheral holes to the auxiliary holes. According to the underground roadway tunneling pre-splitting blasting process, peripheral holes are detonated preferentially, pre-splitting penetrating seams are formed, blasting energy is prevented from being transmitted to jambs through rock media, damage of the blasting energy to the jambs is reduced, the forming effect of the jambs is improved, and therefore the stability of the jambs is improved, and the roof management risk is reduced; the roof safety is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to an underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of underground mine shafts and tunnels, the stability of the mine pillars plays a vital role, so the stability of the mine pillars must be improved.

[0003] At present, many underground mines use traditional smooth blasting technology to ensure the quality of tunnel formation to improve the stability of mine pillars. From the actual application situation, since the blasting energy of the slot eyes, auxiliary eyes and peripheral eyes can be transmitted to the mine pillars during smooth blasting, the blasting energy causes great damage to the mine pillars, the mine pillars are poorly formed, and the boundaries of the mine pillars are severely damaged, which brings great risks to the roof management.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a pre-splitting blasting process for underground tunnel excavation to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a pre-splitting blasting process for underground tunnel excavation, which solves the problems of serious damage to the ore pillars, poor ore pillar shaping, serious damage to the ore pillar boundaries, and risks to roof management.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a pre-splitting blasting process for underground tunnel excavation, comprising the following steps: S1. Hole arrangement: During the mining stage in the stope, multiple peripheral holes, auxiliary holes, slot holes, bottom holes and supplementary holes are arranged; S2. Adjustment of the charge amount in the peripheral holes: Adjust the charge amount in the peripheral holes from 3 small rolls of powder for smooth blasting to 4; S3. Hole spacing adjustment: adjust the hole spacing from the original 600mm to 400mm; S4. Fixing the explosive roll: Use bamboo strips as a medium to fix the explosive roll to make the blasting energy uniform; S5. Determine the detonation sequence: detonate in the order from peripheral eyes to auxiliary eyes; S6. Blasting construction: carry out blasting operations.

[0007] Preferably, the mining width of the mining stage is 8 meters and the mining height is 5 meters.

[0008] Preferably, the peripheral eyes are provided with twenty-nine, including twenty-three top eyes, the auxiliary eyes are provided with twenty-four, the groove eyes are provided with zero, and the bottom eyes are provided with a plurality of six.

[0009] Preferably, when performing the hole arrangement operation in S1, a drilling device is required, and the drilling device includes a mounting frame, a first slide groove is provided at the bottom of the mounting frame, and fixing plates are fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom of the mounting frame, a driving motor is fixedly installed on one side of one of the fixing plates, a screw rod is fixedly installed on the output end of the driving motor, and one end of the screw rod is rotatably connected to the side of the other fixing plate, a guide assembly is provided on the inner side surface of the mounting frame, a connecting assembly is provided on the outer side surface of the guide assembly, a positioning assembly is provided on one side of the connecting assembly, a buffer assembly is provided at the bottom of the connecting assembly, and a drilling rig is provided at the bottom of the buffer assembly.

[0010] Preferably, the guide assembly includes a guide rod, a second slide groove, a scale and a third slide groove, the guide rod is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the mounting frame, the second slide groove is opened at the top of the guide rod, the third slide groove is opened at the bottom of the second slide groove, and the scale is arranged on one side of the guide rod.

[0011] Preferably, the connection assembly comprises a connection frame, a connection plate and a slider, the connection plate is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connection frame, and the slider is fixedly mounted on the inner side surface of the connection frame.

[0012] Preferably, the positioning assembly includes a positioning plate, a push switch, a pointer, a threaded rod and a nut, the push switch is fixedly installed on one side of the positioning plate, the pointer is fixedly installed on the front side of the positioning plate, the threaded rod is fixedly installed on the top of the positioning plate, and the nut is threadedly connected to the outer side of the threaded rod.

[0013] Preferably, the buffer assembly includes a fixed frame, a movable groove, a sliding rod, a movable block and a buffer spring, the movable groove is opened on the inner side surface of the fixed frame, the sliding rod is fixedly installed on the inner side surface of the movable groove, the movable block is slidably connected to the outer side surface of the sliding rod, the buffer springs are respectively arranged at both ends of the movable block, and the two buffer springs are both sleeved on the outer side surface of the sliding rod.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting frame is slidably connected to the outer side surface of the guide rod, the connecting plate is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the first slide groove, and the internal thread at the bottom of the connecting plate is connected to the outer side surface of the screw rod, the sliding block is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the third slide groove, the positioning plate is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the third slide groove, the threaded rod is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the second slide groove, the bottom of the nut abuts against the top of the guide rod, the top of the moving block is fixedly installed on the bottom of the connecting plate, and the bottom of the fixed frame is fixedly installed on the top of the drilling rig.

[0015] Preferably, the underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process also includes a dust removal ring, which is arranged on the outer side surface of the drill rod of the drilling rig, and a plurality of nozzles are fixedly installed on the inner side surface of the dust removal ring, and a connecting head is fixedly installed on the side of the dust removal ring, and a moving rod is fixedly installed on the bottom of the dust removal ring, and a positioning frame is slidably connected to the outer side surface of the moving rod, and the positioning frame is fixedly installed on the bottom of the drilling rig, and a limiting rod is fixedly installed inside the moving rod, and an abutment spring is sleeved on the outer side surface of the limiting rod, and a positioning block is also slidably connected to the outer side surface of the limiting rod, and the bottom of the positioning block is fixedly installed on the bottom of the inner side surface of the positioning frame.

[0016] Compared with the related art, the underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a pre-splitting blasting process for underground tunnel excavation, which forms pre-splitting through seams by preferentially detonating peripheral holes, blocks the blasting energy from being transmitted to the mine pillars through the rock medium, reduces the damage of the blasting energy to the mine pillars, increases the forming effect of the mine pillars, thereby improving the stability of the mine pillars, reducing the risk of roof management, and ensuring the safety of the roof. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the detonation sequence and blasthole of a pre-splitting blasting process for underground tunnel excavation provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a drilling device for underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting technology provided by the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Another perspective structural schematic diagram shown; Figure 4 for Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the buffer assembly structure shown; Figure 5 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the connection component structure shown; Figure 6 for Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A is shown; Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a drilling device for underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting technology provided by the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the side structure of the dust removal ring shown; Fig. 9 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the moving rod structure from top view.

[0018] Numbers in the figure: 1. mounting frame, 11. first slide groove, 2. fixing plate, 21. driving motor, 22. screw rod, 3. guide assembly, 31. guide rod, 32. second slide groove, 33. scale, 34. third slide groove, 4. connecting assembly, 41. connecting frame, 42. connecting plate, 43. slider, 5. positioning assembly, 51. positioning plate, 52. push switch, 53. pointer, 54. threaded rod, 55. nut, 6. buffer assembly, 61. fixing frame, 62. moving groove, 63. slide rod, 64. moving block, 65. buffer spring, 7. drilling rig, 8. positioning frame, 81. moving rod, 82. limiting rod, 83. abutting spring, 84. positioning block, 9. dust removal ring, 91. connecting head, 92. nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation modes.

[0020] First embodiment Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 ,in, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the detonation sequence and blasthole of a pre-splitting blasting process for underground tunnel excavation provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a drilling device for underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting technology provided by the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Another perspective structural schematic diagram shown; Figure 4 for Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the buffer assembly structure shown; Figure 5 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the connection component structure shown; Figure 6 for Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A is shown. A pre-splitting blasting process for underground tunnel excavation includes the following steps: S1. Hole arrangement: During the mining stage in the stope, multiple peripheral holes, auxiliary holes, slot holes, bottom holes and supplementary holes are arranged; S2. Adjustment of the charge amount in the peripheral holes: Adjust the charge amount in the peripheral holes from 3 small rolls of powder for smooth blasting to 4; S3. Hole spacing adjustment: adjust the hole spacing from the original 600mm to 400mm; S4. Fixing the explosive roll: Use bamboo strips as a medium to fix the explosive roll to make the blasting energy uniform; S5. Determine the detonation sequence: detonate in the order from peripheral eyes to auxiliary eyes; S6. Blasting construction: carry out blasting operations.

[0021] The mining width during the mining phase is 8 meters and the mining height is 5 meters.

[0022] There are twenty-nine peripheral eyes, including twenty-three top eyes, twenty-four auxiliary eyes, zero groove eyes, and a plurality of six bottom eyes.

[0023] When the hole arrangement operation is performed in S1, a drilling device is required. The drilling device includes a mounting frame 1, a first slide groove 11 is provided at the bottom of the mounting frame 1, and fixed plates 2 are fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom of the mounting frame 1. A driving motor 21 is fixedly installed on one side of the fixing plate 2, and a screw rod 22 is fixedly installed on the output end of the driving motor 21. One end of the screw rod 22 is rotatably connected to the side of the other fixing plate 2. A guide component 3 is provided on the inner side surface of the mounting frame 1, and a connecting component 4 is provided on the outer side surface of the guide component 3. A positioning component 5 is provided on one side of the connecting component 4, a buffer component 6 is provided at the bottom of the connecting component 4, and a drilling rig 7 is provided at the bottom of the buffer component 6.

[0024] The guide assembly 3 includes a guide rod 31, a second slide groove 32, a scale 33 and a third slide groove 34. The guide rod 31 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the mounting frame 1, the second slide groove 32 is opened at the top of the guide rod 31, the third slide groove 34 is opened at the bottom of the second slide groove 32, and the scale 33 is arranged on one side of the guide rod 31.

[0025] The connection assembly 4 includes a connection frame 41 , a connection plate 42 and a slider 43 . The connection plate 42 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connection frame 41 , and the slider 43 is fixedly mounted on the inner side surface of the connection frame 41 .

[0026] The positioning assembly 5 includes a positioning plate 51, a push switch 52, a pointer 53, a threaded rod 54 and a nut 55. The push switch 52 is fixedly installed on one side of the positioning plate 51, the pointer 53 is fixedly installed on the front side of the positioning plate 51, the threaded rod 54 is fixedly installed on the top of the positioning plate 51, and the nut 55 is threadedly connected to the outer side of the threaded rod 54.

[0027] The buffer assembly 6 includes a fixed frame 61, a movable groove 62, a slide rod 63, a movable block 64 and a buffer spring 65. The movable groove 62 is opened on the inner side of the fixed frame 61, the slide rod 63 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the movable groove 62, the movable block 64 is slidably connected to the outer side of the slide rod 63, and the buffer springs 65 are respectively arranged at both ends of the movable block 64, and the two buffer springs 65 are both sleeved on the outer side of the slide rod 63.

[0028] The connecting frame 41 is slidably connected to the outer side surface of the guide rod 31, the connecting plate 42 is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the first slide groove 11, and the internal thread at the bottom of the connecting plate 42 is connected to the outer side surface of the screw rod 22, the sliding block 43 is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the third slide groove 34, the positioning plate 51 is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the third slide groove 34, the threaded rod 54 is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the second slide groove 32, the bottom of the nut 55 abuts against the top of the guide rod 31, the top of the moving block 6 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the connecting plate 42, and the bottom of the fixed frame 61 is fixedly installed on the top of the drilling rig 7.

[0029] When in use, the mounting bracket 1 is mounted on the support member, and the drill rod of the drilling machine 7 is adjusted to the side of the position where the drilling is required, and then the positioning assembly 5 is adjusted to make the positioning plate 51 slide on the inner side of the third slide groove 34, and the pointer 53 is moved on the side of the scale 33, so as to move the positioning plate 51 to a suitable position, and then the nut 55 is rotated to make the nut 55 threadedly connected to the outer side of the threaded rod 54, and then the bottom of the nut 55 is abutted against the top of the guide rod 31, so as to limit the positioning plate 51; After that, the user starts the driving motor 21, so that the driving motor 21 drives the screw rod 22 to be threadedly connected inside the connecting plate 42, so that the connecting plate 42 drives the drilling machine 7 to move to one side of the rock wall through the buffer assembly 6, so as to drill a hole. When the connecting plate 42 moves, it also drives the connecting frame 41 to slide on the outer side of the guide rod 31, so that the slider 43 slides on the inner side of the third slide groove 34. After the drilling machine 7 drills to a suitable depth, one side of the slider 43 abuts against the side of the push switch 52, and the driving motor 21 reverses at this time, driving the drill rod to withdraw from the inner side of the rock wall. In this way, the drilling depth can be limited during use to avoid excessive drilling depth, which affects the subsequent blasting efficiency. After drilling to a suitable depth, the drill rod can be automatically withdrawn from the inside of the rock wall without manual operation by the user, thus reducing the user's operation steps. The mounting frame 1 is provided with mounting holes on its top, which are used to facilitate the user to install the mounting frame 1 and the support member when in use, thereby playing a role in supporting the mounting frame 1; The push switch 52 is electrically connected to the driving motor 21 , so that when in use, the forward and reverse rotation of the driving motor 21 can be controlled.

[0030] Compared with the related art, the underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By preferentially detonating the surrounding holes, pre-crack through-slits are formed, blocking the blasting energy from being transferred to the pillars through the rock medium, reducing the damage to the pillars caused by the blasting energy, and increasing the forming effect of the pillars, thereby improving the stability of the pillars, reducing the risk of roof management, and ensuring the safety of the roof.

[0031] Second embodiment Please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 Based on the underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process provided by the first embodiment of the present application, the second embodiment of the present application proposes another underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process. The second embodiment is only a preferred method of the first embodiment, and the implementation of the second embodiment will not affect the independent implementation of the first embodiment.

[0032] Specifically, the second embodiment of the present application provides a pre-splitting blasting process for underground tunnel excavation, which is different in that it further includes a dust removal ring 9, which is arranged on the outer side surface of the drill rod of the drilling rig 7, and the inner side surface of the dust removal ring 9 is fixedly installed with multiple nozzles 92, and the side of the dust removal ring 9 is fixedly installed with a connecting head 91, and the bottom of the dust removal ring 9 is fixedly installed with a moving rod 81, and the outer side surface of the moving rod 81 is slidably connected with a positioning frame 8, and the positioning frame 8 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the drilling rig 7, and a limiting rod 82 is fixedly installed inside the moving rod 81, and the outer side surface of the limiting rod 82 is sleeved with an abutment spring 83, and the outer side surface of the limiting rod 82 is also slidably connected with a positioning block 84, and the bottom of the positioning block 84 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner side surface of the positioning frame 8.

[0033] When in use, the contact spring 83 always pushes the moving rod 81 toward one side of the rock wall, so that the dust removal ring 9 can always contact the top of the rock wall, thereby increasing the dust removal effect.

[0034] The working principle of the underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process provided by the present invention is as follows: When in use, the user puts the dust removal ring 9 on the outer side of the drill pipe, and makes the side of the dust removal ring 9 abut against the side of the rock wall, and then connects the connecting head 91 and the water pipe, so that water enters the inner side of the dust removal ring 9, and then is sprayed out through the nozzle 92, thereby playing the role of dust reduction.

[0035] Compared with the related art, the underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By cooperating with each other through structures such as the positioning frame 8, the moving rod 81, the limiting rod 82, the abutment spring 83, the positioning block 84, the dust removal ring 9, the connecting head 91 and the nozzle 92, the dust removal ring 9 can always be abutted against the rock wall when in use, and water can be sprayed out from the inside of the nozzle 92, which can play a role in dust reduction and reduce pollution to the surrounding environment.

[0036] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-splitting blasting process for underground tunnel excavation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Hole arrangement: During the mining stage in the stope, multiple peripheral holes, auxiliary holes, slot holes, bottom holes and supplementary holes are arranged; S2. Adjustment of the charge amount in the peripheral holes: Adjust the charge amount in the peripheral holes from 3 small rolls of powder for smooth blasting to 4; S3. Hole spacing adjustment: adjust the hole spacing from the original 600mm to 400mm; S4. Fixing the explosive roll: Use bamboo strips as a medium to fix the explosive roll to make the blasting energy uniform; S5. Determine the detonation sequence: detonate in the order from peripheral eyes to auxiliary eyes; S6. Blasting construction: carry out blasting operations.

2. The underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mining width during the mining phase is 8 meters and the mining height is 5 meters.

3. The underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are twenty-nine peripheral eyes, including twenty-three top eyes, twenty-four auxiliary eyes, zero groove eyes, and a plurality of six bottom eyes.

4. The underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: When performing the hole arrangement operation in S1, a drilling device is required, and the drilling device includes a mounting frame, a first slide groove is provided at the bottom of the mounting frame, and fixing plates are fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom of the mounting frame, a driving motor is fixedly installed on one side of one of the fixing plates, a screw rod is fixedly installed on the output end of the driving motor, and one end of the screw rod is rotatably connected to the side of the other fixing plate, a guide assembly is provided on the inner side surface of the mounting frame, a connecting assembly is provided on the outer side surface of the guide assembly, a positioning assembly is provided on one side of the connecting assembly, a buffer assembly is provided at the bottom of the connecting assembly, and a drilling rig is provided at the bottom of the buffer assembly.

5. The underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The guide assembly includes a guide rod, a second slide groove, a scale and a third slide groove. The guide rod is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the mounting frame. The second slide groove is opened at the top of the guide rod. The third slide groove is opened at the bottom of the second slide groove. The scale is arranged on one side of the guide rod.

6. The underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connection assembly comprises a connection frame, a connection plate and a slider, wherein the connection plate is fixedly installed on the bottom of the connection frame, and the slider is fixedly installed on the inner side surface of the connection frame.

7. The underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process according to claim 6, characterized in that: The positioning assembly includes a positioning plate, a push switch, a pointer, a threaded rod and a nut. The push switch is fixedly installed on one side of the positioning plate, the pointer is fixedly installed on the front side of the positioning plate, the threaded rod is fixedly installed on the top of the positioning plate, and the nut is threadedly connected to the outer side of the threaded rod.

8. The underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process according to claim 7, characterized in that: The buffer assembly includes a fixed frame, a movable groove, a sliding rod, a movable block and a buffer spring. The movable groove is opened on the inner side surface of the fixed frame, the sliding rod is fixedly installed on the inner side surface of the movable groove, the movable block is slidably connected to the outer side surface of the sliding rod, and the buffer springs are respectively arranged at both ends of the movable block, and the two buffer springs are both sleeved on the outer side surface of the sliding rod.

9. The underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process according to claim 8, characterized in that: The connecting frame is slidably connected to the outer side surface of the guide rod, the connecting plate is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the first slide groove, and the internal thread at the bottom of the connecting plate is connected to the outer side surface of the screw rod, the sliding block is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the third slide groove, the positioning plate is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the third slide groove, the threaded rod is slidably connected to the inner side surface of the second slide groove, the bottom of the nut abuts against the top of the guide rod, the top of the moving block is fixedly installed on the bottom of the connecting plate, and the bottom of the fixed frame is fixedly installed on the top of the drilling rig.

10. The underground tunnel excavation pre-splitting blasting process according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a dust removal ring, which is arranged on the outer side surface of the drill rod of the drilling rig, a plurality of nozzles are fixedly installed on the inner side surface of the dust removal ring, a connecting head is fixedly installed on the side of the dust removal ring, a moving rod is fixedly installed on the bottom of the dust removal ring, the outer side surface of the moving rod is slidably connected with a positioning frame, the positioning frame is fixedly installed on the bottom of the drilling rig, a limiting rod is fixedly installed inside the moving rod, the outer side surface of the limiting rod is sleeved with an abutting spring, the outer side surface of the limiting rod is also slidably connected with a positioning block, and the bottom of the positioning block is fixedly installed on the bottom of the inner side surface of the positioning frame.

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