Slope monitoring device and method with slope protection function

Abstract

The present invention discloses a slope monitoring device and method with a slope protection function. The monitoring device comprises a pedestal, a rotating base is arranged on the top of the pedestal, and a horizontal adjustment mechanism is arranged between the rotating base and the pedestal; a limit frame is arranged on the top of the rotating base, one end of a horizontal rod is movably connected to the limit frame, the other end of the horizontal rod is slidably connected to a sliding rod, the movable end of the sliding rod is connected to one end of a combined component through a movable component, and the other end of the combined component is movably connected to the slope protection mechanism; the present invention arranges a sensor inside the slope protection mechanism, so that the monitoring device can perform real-time monitoring of slope deformation while supporting the slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of slope monitoring and protection, and in particular to a slope monitoring device and method with a slope protection function. Background Art

[0002] In important infrastructure such as highways and railways, as well as areas with dense residential and commercial activities, there are slopes built along rock or earth mountains. It is particularly important to effectively support the slopes and quickly, accurately and comprehensively monitor the slopes and predict disasters.

[0003] In the existing slope monitoring field, mesh sprayed concrete is often used in combination with soil nails or anchor rods to support slopes. This support method has complex construction procedures, long construction periods, requires a lot of manpower and material resources, and has high support costs. In addition, the monitoring parameters of slope monitoring technology and equipment are mostly single parameters. Many monitoring devices can only monitor the horizontal displacement or settlement of the slope, and cannot simultaneously monitor multiple slope deformation indicators such as slope gradient and crack width. It is also impossible to accurately monitor small deformations of the slope and quantify the deformation, and its practicality is low. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a slope monitoring device and method with a slope protection function, which aims to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a slope monitoring device with a slope protection function, comprising a pedestal, a rotating base is arranged on the top of the pedestal, and a horizontal adjustment mechanism is arranged between the rotating base and the pedestal; a limit frame is arranged on the top of the rotating base, one end of a horizontal rod is movably connected to the limit frame, and the other end of the horizontal rod is slidably connected to a sliding rod, the movable end of the sliding rod is connected to one end of a combined component through a movable component, and the other end of the combined component is movably connected to a slope protection mechanism; the slope protection mechanism is inclined, a plurality of positioning screws are arranged at the bottom of the slope protection mechanism, the slope protection mechanism is composed of a plurality of slope protection components arranged in a rectangular shape, the slope protection component is composed of a slope protection block, a negative Poisson's ratio filling block and an elastic connecting rod, both ends of the slope protection block are connected to the elastic connecting rod, and one side of the slope protection block is connected to the negative Poisson's ratio filling block; the specific connection relationship between the slope protection component and the combined component is: one end of the slope protection block adjacent to the combined component is connected to the combined component, and the other end of the slope protection block adjacent to the combined component is connected to the elastic connecting rod.

[0006] Furthermore, a cavity is provided inside the slope protection block, an opening is provided at the bottom of the slope protection block, a supporting plate is connected to the opening, an inclination sensor and a rope displacement meter are provided on one side of the supporting plate in the cavity inside the slope protection block, a plurality of negative Poisson's ratio positioning screws are provided on the side of the supporting plate opposite to the cavity inside the slope protection block, and a rope displacement meter is provided; through holes are provided at both ends of the elastic connecting rod, a through hole is also provided on the side of the slope protection block connected to the elastic connecting rod, and the through holes on the slope protection block and the through holes on the elastic connecting rod are on the same axis and are connected, and a rope positioning hole is provided on the side of the slope protection block opposite to the elastic connecting rod; the rope displacement meters on longitudinally adjacent slope protection blocks are connected by a rope, one end of the rope is connected to the rope displacement meter, and the other end of the rope passes through the through holes on the slope protection block and the elastic connecting rod and is fixed on the rope positioning hole on the longitudinally adjacent slope protection blocks.

[0007] Furthermore, the combined component consists of a first card block and a second card block, one end of the first card block and the second card block are movably connected to the connecting rod, the other ends of the first card block and the second card block are respectively connected to the slope protection block and the negative Poisson's ratio filling block adjacent to the combined component, and the first card block is connected to the slope protection block at the opposite end of the elastic connecting rod.

[0008] Furthermore, a height monitoring mechanism for adjusting the height of the horizontal rod is provided between the limit frame and the horizontal rod, and a length monitoring mechanism for adjusting the length of the sliding rod is provided between the horizontal rod and the sliding rod; both the horizontal rod and the sliding rod are rectangular.

[0009] Furthermore, the height monitoring mechanism includes a rotating table movably connected to the top of the rotating base, a limit frame is provided on the top of the rotating table, and a limit opening is provided on the limit frame for limiting the lateral movement of the horizontal rod; a first motor is provided on the rotating table at the center position of the bottom of the limit frame, the transmission end of the first motor is connected to one end of the first screw rod, and the other end of the first screw rod is connected to the top of the limit frame through a bearing; a horizontal rod is movably connected to the first screw rod; the specific connection relationship between the horizontal rod and the first screw rod is: vertically arranged circular through holes are provided on the horizontal rod, a first screw rod nut is provided in the circular through hole, and the horizontal rod is movably connected to the first screw rod through the first screw rod nut; the height monitoring mechanism also includes multiple laser rangefinders arranged at the bottom of the sliding rod.

[0010] Furthermore, the length monitoring mechanism includes a second motor arranged in the horizontal rod, the transmission end of the second motor is connected to one end of the second screw rod, and the other end of the second screw rod is movably connected to the sliding rod through a bearing; the specific connection relationship between the sliding rod and the second screw rod is: the sliding rod is provided with a second screw nut on one side of the horizontal rod; the length monitoring mechanism also includes a laser rangefinder arranged at the top of the horizontal rod and a monitoring plate at the top of the movable component; the height of the monitoring plate at the top of the movable component is higher than the height of the laser rangefinder arranged at the top of the horizontal rod, and the monitoring plate and the laser rangefinder at the top of the horizontal rod are on the same axis; the length of the second screw rod is less than the length of the horizontal rod.

[0011] Furthermore, the movable component includes a movable sleeve vertically arranged on the movable end of the sliding rod, the bottom of the movable sleeve is slidably connected with a connecting rod, the movable end of the connecting rod is connected to the combined component, and the combined component is provided with a slope protection mechanism; the movable sleeve is provided with a fixing bolt for fixing the connecting rod; the specific connection relationship between the movable component and the monitoring plate is: a monitoring plate is provided on the top of the movable sleeve.

[0012] Furthermore, the horizontal adjustment mechanism includes a hydraulic pusher arranged in a ring shape on the top of the pedestal, and the movable end of the hydraulic pusher is movably connected to the rotating base; a base plate is arranged at the bottom of the pedestal, and a plurality of fixing screws are arranged on the base plate; a circular level is arranged on the top of the rotating base.

[0013] A slope monitoring method, applied to a slope monitoring device, is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step S1: installing a slope monitoring device to protect the slope and monitor different deformation indicators of the slope, including the horizontal displacement value of the slope top, the surface settlement value, the slope inclination value and the width of the transverse cracks on the slope surface;

[0015] Step S2: collecting different deformation indicators for monitoring at certain time intervals;

[0016] Step S3: Calculate the subjective weight, objective weight and comprehensive weight of different deformation indicators, and add up the different deformation indicators at the same time according to the comprehensive weight to obtain the comprehensive deformation amount X;

[0017] Step S4: construct a BP neural network prediction model and use the comprehensive deformation X to train the BP neural network prediction model to obtain the optimal BP neural network prediction model; collect real-time deformation index data and process it to obtain the real-time comprehensive deformation, input the real-time comprehensive deformation into the optimal BP neural network prediction model for prediction, and obtain the comprehensive deformation in the future time;

[0018] Step S5: Setting a warning value, comparing the predicted future time comprehensive deformation amount with the warning value, and when the predicted future time comprehensive deformation amount exceeds the warning value, an alarm is issued.

[0019] Furthermore, the specific process of step S3 is as follows:

[0020] The relative importance of each deformation index is defined, and a scale value table corresponding to the importance is established; according to the defined relative importance of each deformation index, the scale value A is selected to establish a judgment matrix;

[0021] Calculate the subjective weights of different deformation indicators based on the judgment matrix D:

[0022] ;

[0023] In the formula, 𝜆 max is the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix; represents the subjective weight of the i-th deformation index, i represents any deformation index among different deformation indexes;

[0024] The CRITIC method is used to introduce the coefficient of variation to process the deformation index and obtain the objective weight. ;

[0025] The subjective weights and objective weights of different deformation indicators are integrated, and the integration formula is expressed as:

[0026] ;

[0027] In the formula, represents the objective function; ;

[0028] The different deformation indicators at the same time are accumulated according to the comprehensive weight to obtain the comprehensive deformation X:

[0029] ;

[0030] In the formula, is the surface settlement value; is the horizontal displacement value of the slope top; is the slope inclination value; Width of transverse cracks on slope surface; is the comprehensive weight of the surface settlement value; is the comprehensive weight of the horizontal displacement value of the slope top; is the comprehensive weight of the slope inclination value; is the comprehensive weight of the width of the transverse cracks on the slope.

[0031] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) The present invention arranges sensors inside the slope protection mechanism so that the monitoring device can not only support the slope but also monitor the slope deformation in real time. The flexible material used in the elastic connecting rod enables the pull-rope displacement meter to be used to monitor cracks. The negative Poisson's ratio filling block in the slope protection mechanism further enhances the slope protection capability of the monitoring device due to its unique material properties and meets the drainage requirements of the slope.

[0033] (2) The present invention monitors the horizontal displacement of the slope top and the surface settlement around the slope by a laser rangefinder, monitors the slope gradient by an inclination sensor, monitors the width of the slope cracks by a pull-rope displacement meter, and monitors multiple deformation indicators at the same time, thereby realizing the diversification of monitoring parameters.

[0034] (3) The inclination sensor and the pull-rope displacement meter used in the present invention are respectively sensitive to angle deformation and displacement change, and can monitor even slight deformation of the slope. Combined with the advantage of the laser rangefinder being suitable for distance measurement, the device can monitor slope deformation in real time and accurately, and can perform quantitative analysis of deformation parameters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the height adjustment monitoring and length adjustment detection structure of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the slope protection block and the combined assembly of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the supporting plate structure of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure, 1, base plate; 2, supporting platform; 3, rotating base; 4, circular level; 5, limit frame; 6, fixing screw; 9, horizontal rod; 10, sliding rod; 11, laser rangefinder; 12, movable sleeve; 13, connecting rod; 15, hydraulic pusher; 16, combined component; 17, negative Poisson's ratio positioning screw; 18, slope protection mechanism; 19, first clamping block; 20, second clamping block; 21, pull rope positioning hole; 22, slope protection block; 23, inclination sensor; 24, supporting plate; 26, pull rope displacement meter; 27, negative Poisson's ratio filling block; 28, elastic connecting rod; 29, first motor; 30, second motor; 31, second screw rod; 32, first screw rod; 33, monitoring board; 34, rotating table. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a slope monitoring device with a slope protection function, comprising a cap 2, a rotating base 3 is arranged on the top of the cap 2, and a horizontal adjustment mechanism is arranged between the rotating base 3 and the cap 2; a limit frame 5 is arranged on the top of the rotating base 3, one end of a horizontal rod 9 is movably connected to the limit frame 5, and the other end of the horizontal rod 9 is slidably connected to a sliding rod 10, the movable end of the sliding rod 10 is connected to one end of a combination component 16 through a movable component, and the other end of the combination component 16 is movably connected to a slope protection mechanism 18; the slope protection mechanism 18 is inclined, and a plurality of positioning screws are arranged at the bottom of the slope protection mechanism 18. The slope protection mechanism 18 is composed of a plurality of slope protection components arranged in a rectangular shape, and the slope protection components are composed of a slope protection block 22 and a negative Poisson's ratio filling block 27 and an elastic connecting rod 28, both ends of the slope protection block 22 are connected to the elastic connecting rod 28, and one side of the slope protection block 22 is connected to a negative Poisson's ratio filling block 27; the specific connection relationship between the slope protection assembly and the combined assembly 16 is: one end of the slope protection block 22 adjacent to the combined assembly 16 is connected to the combined assembly 16, and the other end of the slope protection block 22 adjacent to the combined assembly 16 is connected to the elastic connecting rod 28; in this embodiment, the elastic connecting rod 28 is made of toughened photosensitive resin material, which has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, strong toughness and certain hardness, and can be processed by 3D printing technology, so that the elastic connecting rod 28 can be quickly produced in batches; when the slope is deformed, the elastic connecting rod 28 can quickly drive the slope protection block 22 to respond.

[0041] The negative Poisson's ratio filling block 27 is provided with a plurality of through holes to facilitate drainage of the slope.

[0042] like Figure 2-Figure 3 As shown, the slope protection block 22 is provided with a cavity inside, and an opening is provided at the bottom of the slope protection block 22, and a support plate 24 is connected to the opening. The support plate 24 is provided with an inclination sensor 23 and a pull rope displacement meter 26 on one side of the cavity inside the slope protection block 22, and the support plate 24 is provided with a plurality of negative Poisson's ratio positioning screws 17 on the opposite side of the cavity inside the slope protection block 22, and a pull rope is provided on the pull rope displacement meter 26; through holes are provided at both ends of the elastic connecting rod 28, and the slope protection block 22 is connected to the elastic connecting rod 28 A through hole is also provided on one side, and the through hole on the slope protection block 22 and the through hole on the elastic connecting rod 28 are on the same axis and are connected. The slope protection block 22 is on the opposite side of the elastic connecting rod 28 and is provided with a rope positioning hole 21 for fixing the rope; the rope displacement meters 26 on the longitudinally adjacent slope protection blocks 22 are connected by a rope, one end of the rope is connected to the rope displacement meter 26, and the other end of the rope passes through the through holes on the slope protection block 22 and the elastic connecting rod 28 and is fixed on the rope positioning hole 21 on the longitudinally adjacent slope protection blocks 22.

[0043] By means of the set pull-rope displacement meter 26 and the interconnected pull ropes, when cracks appear on the slope, the elastic connecting rod 28 stretches and drives the pull ropes in the slope protection block 22, the pull ropes are pulled, and the pull-rope displacement meter 26 completes the accurate measurement of the cracks.

[0044] The inclination sensor 23 may be a MEMS inclination sensor, which has strong anti-interference capability, high precision, fast response speed, is sensitive to deformations with small slopes, and can accurately monitor the slope gradient.

[0045] The slope protection block 22 is inserted into the slope protection surface through the negative Poisson's ratio positioning screw 17 set on the bottom supporting plate 24. When the slope protection is deformed, the negative Poisson's ratio filling block 27 is subjected to the longitudinal pulling force and expands laterally, so that the negative Poisson's ratio filling block 27 and the slope protection block 22 are more closely assembled, thereby enhancing the slope protection ability of the slope protection mechanism 18.

[0046] Negative Poisson's ratio materials and structures have special mechanical properties and undergo lateral contraction (expansion) under uniaxial pressure (tension). They have advantages over traditional materials in terms of shear bearing capacity, fracture resistance, energy absorption and indentation resistance.

[0047] The combination assembly 16 is composed of a first clamping block 19 and a second clamping block 20, one end of the first clamping block 19 and the second clamping block 20 is movably connected to the connecting rod 13, and the other ends of the first clamping block 19 and the second clamping block 20 are respectively connected to the slope protection block 22 and the negative Poisson's ratio filling block 27 adjacent to the combination assembly 16, and the first clamping block 19 is connected to the slope protection block 22 on the opposite end of the elastic connecting rod 28; the connecting rod 13 is movably connected by the combination assembly 16, and when displacement occurs on the surface and the slope protection mechanism 18 moves, it will not cause motion interference to the connecting rod 13.

[0048] like Figure 4 A height monitoring mechanism for adjusting the horizontal height of the horizontal rod 9 is provided between the limit frame 5 and the horizontal rod 9, and a length monitoring mechanism for adjusting the length of the sliding rod 10 is provided between the horizontal rod 9 and the sliding rod 10; the horizontal rod 9 and the sliding rod 10 are both rectangular; the surface displacement data can be accurately monitored by the height monitoring mechanism and the length monitoring mechanism, and at the same time, the height monitoring mechanism and the length monitoring mechanism are easy to install; the present invention can also adjust the sensor to different positions on the surface above the slope through the height monitoring mechanism and the length monitoring mechanism, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the monitoring device to the surrounding environment of the slope.

[0049] Among them, the height monitoring mechanism includes a rotating table 34 movably connected to the top of the rotating base 3, a limit frame 5 is sleeved on the top of the rotating table 34, and a limit opening is provided on the limit frame 5 for limiting the lateral movement of the horizontal rod 9, which can ensure that the horizontal rod 9 can only move up and down, and a first motor 29 is arranged on the rotating table 34 at the bottom center position of the limit frame 5, the transmission end of the first motor 29 is connected to one end of the first screw rod 32, and the other end of the first screw rod 32 is connected to the top of the limit frame 5 through a bearing; the horizontal rod 9 is movably connected to the first screw rod 32; the specific connection relationship between the horizontal rod 9 and the first screw rod 32 is: the horizontal rod 9 is provided with vertically arranged circular through holes, and the circular through holes are provided with first screw nuts, and the horizontal rod 9 is movably connected to the first screw rod 32 through the first screw nut; the height monitoring mechanism also includes a plurality of laser rangefinders 11 arranged at the bottom of the sliding rod 10.

[0050] By starting the first motor 29 to drive the first screw rod 32 to rotate, the horizontal rod 9 can be adjusted in horizontal height through the first screw rod nut under the limit of the limit frame 5; when the surface above the slope settles, the multiple laser rangefinders 11 at the bottom of the sliding rod 10 can measure the distance from the sliding rod 10 to the surface, and the settlement or uplift data of the surface above the slope can be obtained based on the distance difference measured by the laser rangefinder 11 at different times.

[0051] The length monitoring mechanism includes a second motor 30 arranged in the horizontal rod 9, the transmission end of the second motor 30 is connected to one end of the second screw rod 31, and the other end of the second screw rod 31 is movably connected to the sliding rod 10 through a bearing; the specific connection relationship between the sliding rod 10 and the second screw rod 31 is: the sliding rod 10 is provided with a second screw nut on one side of the horizontal rod 9; the length monitoring mechanism also includes a laser rangefinder 11 arranged on the top of the horizontal rod 9 and a monitoring board 33 on the top of the movable component, such as Figure 1 As shown; the height of the monitoring plate 33 at the top of the movable component is higher than the height of the laser rangefinder 11 arranged on the top of the horizontal rod 9, and the monitoring plate 33 and the laser rangefinder 11 at the top of the horizontal rod 9 are on the same axis; the length of the second screw rod 31 is less than the length of the horizontal rod 9.

[0052] By starting the second motor 30 to drive the second screw 31 to rotate, the sliding rod 10 can be adjusted in the horizontal direction under the limit of the horizontal rod 9 through the second screw nut; similarly, when the slope produces horizontal displacement, the movable sleeve 12 is driven to slide horizontally through the slope protection mechanism 18, and the laser rangefinder 11 on the top of the horizontal rod 9 can measure the distance from itself to the monitoring plate 33 on the top of the movable component to complete the distance measurement, and then the monitoring plate 33 measures the horizontal displacement data of the top of the slope.

[0053] Among them, the movable component includes a movable sleeve 12 vertically arranged on the movable end of the sliding rod 10, the bottom of the movable sleeve 12 is slidably connected with a connecting rod 13, the movable end of the connecting rod 13 is connected to a combination component 16, and a slope protection mechanism 18 is arranged on the combination component 16; the movable sleeve 12 is provided with a fixing bolt for fixing the connecting rod 13; the specific connection relationship between the movable component and the monitoring plate 33 is: a monitoring plate 33 is arranged on the top of the movable sleeve 12.

[0054] During the use of the movable component, the deformation of the slope drives the slope protection mechanism 18 to deform, and the displacement of the combined component 16 further drives the connecting rod 13 to move horizontally and vertically. The connecting rod 13 drives the movable sleeve 12 to slide horizontally along the sliding rod 10, and the laser rangefinder 11 on the horizontal rod 9 measures the monitoring plate 33 arranged above the sliding rod 10. The difference measured at different times is the horizontal displacement value at the top of the slope; a circular slide groove is arranged at the bottom end of the connecting rod 13, which can be used for the horizontal movement of the combined component 16 for easy installation; an opening of a certain angle is arranged on the circular slide groove of the connecting rod 13. When the deformation of the slope drives the slope protection mechanism 18 to deform, the combined component 16 can rotate slightly around the center of the circular slide groove, so that the connecting rod 13 is not affected by the bending moment, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the slope horizontal displacement monitoring results and extending the service life of the device.

[0055] Among them, the horizontal adjustment mechanism includes a hydraulic pusher 15 arranged in a ring on the top of the pedestal 2, and the movable end of the hydraulic pusher 15 is movably connected to the rotating base 3; the rotating base 3 can be leveled by starting the hydraulic pushers 15 at different positions on the pedestal 2, and the movable connection between the movable end of the hydraulic pusher 15 and the rotating base 3 can ensure that when a single hydraulic pusher 15 pushes the rotating base 3, it will not cause movement interference with other hydraulic pushers 15.

[0056] Among them, a circular level 4 is arranged on the top of the rotating base 3, and the circular level 4 can measure whether the limit frame 5 is horizontal. When it is not horizontal, it is adjusted by the hydraulic pusher 15 so that the limit frame 5 will not tilt, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0057] Among them, a base plate 1 is arranged at the bottom of the support platform 2, and a plurality of fixing screws 6 are arranged on the base plate 1. The support platform 2 can be firmly fixed by the base plate 1 and the fixing screws 6.

[0058] A slope monitoring method comprises the following steps:

[0059] Step S1: Install a slope monitoring device to protect the slope and monitor the deformation indicators of the slope, including the horizontal displacement value of the slope top, the surface settlement value, the slope inclination value and the width of the transverse cracks on the slope surface.

[0060] Step S2: Collecting the monitored deformation indicators at certain time intervals.

[0061] Among them, among the deformation indicators collected and monitored, for the same slope section, the surface settlement value is taken as the maximum value of multiple laser rangefinders, the horizontal displacement value of the slope top is taken as the value of the horizontally placed laser rangefinder, the slope inclination value is taken as the average value of multiple inclination sensors, and the width of the transverse crack on the slope is taken as the sum of multiple rope displacement meters.

[0062] Step S3: Calculate the subjective weight, objective weight and comprehensive weight of different deformation indicators after preprocessing, and add up the different deformation indicators at the same time according to the comprehensive weight to obtain the comprehensive deformation amount X.

[0063] Among them, before calculating the subjective weights, objective weights and comprehensive weights of different deformation indicators, the collected and monitored deformation indicators are preprocessed first. The preprocessing includes abnormal data removal and missing data reconstruction. The abnormal data is removed by using the LOF algorithm; the missing data is reconstructed by using the cubic spline interpolation method.

[0064] An exponential proportional scale system is used on the basis of the traditional nine-scale evaluation system, as shown in Table 1. The relative importance of each deformation index is defined, and a scale value table corresponding to the importance is established. In Table 1, i and j represent any two deformation indexes compared with each other.

[0065] Table 1 Scale values ​​corresponding to importance

[0066]

[0067] According to the relative importance of the defined deformation indicators, select the appropriate scale value A to establish the judgment matrix. For example, in this implementation plan, there are four elements (four deformation indicators), namely: the horizontal displacement value of the top of the slope, the surface settlement value, the slope inclination value and the width of the transverse crack on the slope. It is assumed that the experts and relevant staff combined the actual situation of the project site to obtain Table 2.

[0068] Table 2 Scale value

[0069]

[0070] Then the judgment matrix D is:

[0071] ;

[0072] Here, the diagonal elements are set to 1, because a factor is equally important when compared with itself.

[0073] Check the consistency of the judgment matrix:

[0074] ;

[0075] ;

[0076] In the formula, 𝜆 max is the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix; CI is the consistency index; RI is the random consistency index, which can be 0.9; is the number of deformation indicators involved in the comparison, ; CR represents the consistency ratio. When CR is less than 0.10, the judgment matrix D passes the consistency test.

[0077] Calculating subjective weights of different deformation indicators based on judgment matrix :

[0078] ;

[0079] Since the units of deformation indicators are different and the meanings of numerical values ​​are different, the CRITIC method is used to introduce the coefficient of variation to remove the dimensional influence of deformation indicators, and the redundant information entropy is introduced to retain the real information of the data to obtain the objective weight. .

[0080] The subjective weights and objective weights of different deformation indicators are integrated, and the integration formula is expressed as:

[0081] ;

[0082] In the formula, ; Represents the objective function.

[0083] The different deformation indicators at the same time are accumulated according to the comprehensive weight to obtain the comprehensive deformation X:

[0084] ;

[0085] In the formula, is the surface settlement value; is the horizontal displacement value of the slope top; is the slope inclination value; Width of transverse cracks on slope surface; is the comprehensive weight of the surface settlement value; is the comprehensive weight of the horizontal displacement value of the slope top; is the comprehensive weight of the slope inclination value; is the comprehensive weight of the width of the transverse cracks on the slope.

[0086] Step S4: construct a BP neural network prediction model and use the comprehensive deformation X to train the BP neural network prediction model to obtain the optimal BP neural network prediction model; collect real-time deformation index data and process it to obtain the real-time comprehensive deformation, input the real-time comprehensive deformation into the optimal BP neural network prediction model for prediction, and obtain the comprehensive deformation in the future time.

[0087] Step S4.1: Establish a three-layer BP neural network prediction model.

[0088] Step S4.2: Divide the comprehensive deformation X into a training set and a verification set at a ratio of 8:2, train and verify the BP neural network prediction model through the training set and the verification set, and obtain the optimal BP neural network prediction model.

[0089] Step S4.3: Input the real-time comprehensive deformation into the optimal BP neural network prediction model for prediction to obtain the comprehensive deformation in the future time.

[0090] Step S5: Setting a warning value, comparing the predicted future time comprehensive deformation amount with the warning value, and when the predicted future time comprehensive deformation amount exceeds the warning value, an alarm is issued.

[0091] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A slope monitoring device with slope protection function, comprising a cap, characterized in that: A rotating base is provided on the top of the pedestal, and a horizontal adjustment mechanism is provided between the rotating base and the pedestal; a limited frame is provided on the top of the rotating base, one end of a horizontal rod is movably connected to the limited frame, and the other end of the horizontal rod is slidably connected to a sliding rod, the movable end of the sliding rod is connected to one end of a combined component through a movable component, and the other end of the combined component is movably connected to a slope protection mechanism; the slope protection mechanism is inclined, and a plurality of positioning screws are provided at the bottom of the slope protection mechanism. The slope protection mechanism is composed of a plurality of slope protection components arranged in a rectangular shape, and the slope protection component is composed of a slope protection block, a negative Poisson's ratio filling block and an elastic connecting rod, both ends of the slope protection block are connected to the elastic connecting rod, and one side of the slope protection block is connected to the negative Poisson's ratio filling block; the specific connection relationship between the slope protection component and the combined component is: one end of the slope protection block adjacent to the combined component is connected to the combined component, and the other end of the slope protection block adjacent to the combined component is connected to the elastic connecting rod; A cavity is provided inside the slope protection block, an opening is provided at the bottom of the slope protection block, a supporting plate is connected to the opening, an inclination sensor and a rope displacement meter are provided on one side of the supporting plate in the cavity inside the slope protection block, a plurality of negative Poisson's ratio positioning screws are provided on the side of the supporting plate opposite to the cavity inside the slope protection block, and a rope is provided on the rope displacement meter; through holes are provided at both ends of the elastic connecting rod, a through hole is also provided on the side of the slope protection block connected to the elastic connecting rod, and the through holes on the slope protection block and the through holes on the elastic connecting rod are on the same axis and are connected, and a rope positioning hole is provided on the side of the slope protection block opposite to the elastic connecting rod; the rope displacement meters on the longitudinally adjacent slope protection blocks are connected by a rope, one end of the rope is connected to the rope displacement meter, and the other end of the rope passes through the through holes on the slope protection block and the elastic connecting rod and is fixed to the rope positioning hole on the longitudinally adjacent slope protection blocks; The combined component consists of a first card block and a second card block, one end of the first card block and the second card block are movably connected to the connecting rod, the other ends of the first card block and the second card block are respectively connected to the slope protection block and the negative Poisson's ratio filling block adjacent to the combined component, and the first card block is connected to the opposite end of the slope protection block and the elastic connecting rod.

2. A slope monitoring device with slope protection function according to claim 1, characterized in that: A height monitoring mechanism for adjusting the height of the horizontal rod is arranged between the limit frame and the horizontal rod, and a length monitoring mechanism for adjusting the length of the sliding rod is arranged between the horizontal rod and the sliding rod; both the horizontal rod and the sliding rod are rectangular.

3. A slope monitoring device with slope protection function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The height monitoring mechanism includes a rotating table movably connected to the top of the rotating base, a limit frame is sleeved on the top of the rotating table, and a limit opening is provided on the limit frame for limiting the lateral movement of the horizontal rod; a first motor is arranged on the rotating table at the center position of the bottom of the limit frame, the transmission end of the first motor is connected to one end of the first screw rod, and the other end of the first screw rod is connected to the top of the limit frame through a bearing; a horizontal rod is movably connected to the first screw rod; the specific connection relationship between the horizontal rod and the first screw rod is: the horizontal rod is provided with vertically arranged circular through holes, and a first screw rod nut is provided in the circular through hole, and the horizontal rod is movably connected to the first screw rod through the first screw rod nut; the height monitoring mechanism also includes a plurality of laser rangefinders arranged at the bottom of the sliding rod.

4. A slope monitoring device with slope protection function according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length monitoring mechanism includes a second motor arranged in the horizontal rod, the transmission end of the second motor is connected to one end of the second screw rod, and the other end of the second screw rod is movably connected to the sliding rod through a bearing; the specific connection relationship between the sliding rod and the second screw rod is: the sliding rod is provided with a second screw rod nut on one side of the horizontal rod; the length monitoring mechanism also includes a laser rangefinder arranged at the top of the horizontal rod and a monitoring plate at the top of the movable component; the height of the monitoring plate at the top of the movable component is higher than the height of the laser rangefinder arranged at the top of the horizontal rod, and the monitoring plate and the laser rangefinder at the top of the horizontal rod are on the same axis; the length of the second screw rod is less than the length of the horizontal rod.

5. The slope monitoring device with slope protection function according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The movable component includes a movable sleeve vertically arranged on the movable end of the sliding rod, a connecting rod is slidably connected to the bottom of the movable sleeve, the movable end of the connecting rod is connected to the combined component, and a slope protection mechanism is arranged on the combined component; the movable sleeve is provided with a fixing bolt for fixing the connecting rod; the specific connection relationship between the movable component and the monitoring plate is: a monitoring plate is arranged on the top of the movable sleeve.

6. A slope monitoring device with slope protection function according to claim 5, characterized in that: The horizontal adjustment mechanism includes a hydraulic pusher arranged in an annular manner on the top of the support platform, and the movable end of the hydraulic pusher is movably connected to the rotating base; a base plate is arranged at the bottom of the support platform, and a plurality of fixing screws are arranged on the base plate; a circular level is arranged on the top of the rotating base.

7. A slope monitoring method, applied to the slope monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1: installing a slope monitoring device to protect the slope and monitor different deformation indicators of the slope, including the horizontal displacement value of the slope top, the surface settlement value, the slope inclination value and the width of the transverse cracks on the slope surface; Step S2: collecting different deformation indicators for monitoring at certain time intervals; Step S3: Calculate the subjective weight, objective weight and comprehensive weight of different deformation indicators, and add up the different deformation indicators at the same time according to the comprehensive weight to obtain the comprehensive deformation amount X; Step S4: construct a BP neural network prediction model and use the comprehensive deformation X to train the BP neural network prediction model to obtain the optimal BP neural network prediction model; collect real-time deformation index data and process it to obtain the real-time comprehensive deformation, input the real-time comprehensive deformation into the optimal BP neural network prediction model for prediction, and obtain the comprehensive deformation in the future time; Step S5: Setting a warning value, comparing the predicted future time comprehensive deformation amount with the warning value, and when the predicted future time comprehensive deformation amount exceeds the warning value, an alarm is issued.

8. A slope monitoring method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific process of step S3 is: The relative importance of each deformation index is defined, and a scale value table corresponding to the importance is established; according to the defined relative importance of each deformation index, the scale value A is selected to establish a judgment matrix; Calculate the subjective weights of different deformation indicators based on the judgment matrix D: ； In the formula, 𝜆 max is the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix; represents the subjective weight of the i-th deformation index, i represents any deformation index among different deformation indexes; The CRITIC method is used to introduce the coefficient of variation to process the deformation index and obtain the objective weight. ; The subjective weights and objective weights of different deformation indicators are integrated, and the integration formula is expressed as: ； In the formula, represents the objective function; ; The different deformation indicators at the same time are accumulated according to the comprehensive weight to obtain the comprehensive deformation X: ； In the formula, is the surface settlement value; is the horizontal displacement value of the slope top; is the slope inclination value; Width of transverse cracks on slope surface; is the comprehensive weight of the surface settlement value; is the comprehensive weight of the horizontal displacement value of the slope top; is the comprehensive weight of the slope inclination value; is the comprehensive weight of the width of the transverse cracks on the slope.

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