Water level monitoring and early warning system and method for monitoring real-time height of water surface under bridge

Abstract

The invention discloses a water level monitoring and early warning system and method for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under a bridge, and relates to the technical field of shipping channel management.The water level monitoring and early warning system can collect water level data in real time on the basis of sub-region monitoring points divided at equal intervals and achieve accurate correction of the water level height in combination with environmental data and ship fluctuation factors; the water level is in a safe range. And secondly, the number, distribution and accumulation conditions of the floating objects and the density and volume information of the floating objects attached to the bridge body are beneficial to accurately evaluating the stress condition of the bridge body and timely finding out possible structural risks. Meanwhile, through linkage analysis of the water level data and the bridge body stress, a corresponding early warning instruction can be triggered in advance, control measures such as limiting of ship passing and starting of an emergency overflow channel can be rapidly taken, and the safety of the bridge is guaranteed. According to the whole method, the real-time monitoring capability of water level fluctuation and bridge body safety is improved, and the early warning and emergency response efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shipping channel management, and in particular to a water level monitoring and early warning system and method thereof for monitoring the real-time height of a water surface under a bridge. Background Art

[0002] As water traffic becomes increasingly busy, bridges, as important transportation hubs, carry a large number of ships. However, water level fluctuations, the passage of ships and changes in the surrounding environment may have a significant impact on the safety of bridges. Traditional bridge water level monitoring methods usually rely on a few fixed-position sensors, which have the problem of incomplete data acquisition and inability to reflect the full picture of water level changes in a timely manner. In addition, the stress changes in the bridge body that may be caused by water level fluctuations and environmental factors (such as water flow velocity, sediment concentration, air pressure, etc.) have not been effectively monitored and warned.

[0003] Traditional water level monitoring often only focuses on the water level itself, ignoring the impact of factors such as ship fluctuations and environmental changes on the water level and bridge, resulting in the inability to detect potential safety risks in a timely manner. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a water level monitoring and early warning system and method for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under a bridge, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a water level monitoring and early warning system for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under the bridge, including a water level monitoring module, an environmental data acquisition module, a ship dynamic identification module, a floating object impact analysis module and a water level correction module;

[0006] The water level monitoring module is used to divide the water surface area under the bridge into several sub-areas, set a monitoring point in each sub-area, monitor and obtain the water level in real time, and generate a first data group;

[0007] The environmental data acquisition module is used to collect water flow velocity v w , sediment concentration C s , air pressure P atm and water temperature T w , generate environmental datasets;

[0008] The ship dynamic identification module is used to monitor the characteristics of ships passing under the bridge, including the size and speed of the ship and the water level fluctuation caused, and generate the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx through the linkage analysis of the ship characteristic data and the environmental data set;

[0009] The floating object impact analysis module is used to monitor the number, distribution and accumulation of floating objects in the sub-area, and construct the floating object shielding factor Pfzd; and collect the density and volume information of the floating objects attached to the bridge body and the bridge body information, and establish the bridge body force data set to calculate the force conditions of the bridge body foundation points, including the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx, and associate the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx to generate the bridge body stress evaluation index Qzpg;

[0010] The water level correction module is used to extract the water level height H of the i-th sub-area i , ship fluctuation factor Cbfx, floating object interference correction factor Pfgx, establish the water level correction model and perform correction to obtain the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area And preset the water level safety threshold Swq, when the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area When the water level is higher than the safety threshold Swq, the first warning instruction is triggered.

[0011] Preferably, the water level monitoring module includes a region division unit and a water level data aggregation unit;

[0012] The area division unit is used to divide the water surface area under the bridge into a number of sub-areas at equal intervals according to the number of bridge piers, set a monitoring point in each sub-area, and deploy a water level sensor;

[0013] The water level data aggregation unit is used to obtain the water level heights collected by the water level sensors in several sub-areas, generate a first data group, and after preprocessing the first data group, calculate the average water level height H by the following formula: avg :

[0014]

[0015] In the formula, H i represents the water level measured in the ith sub-area, and n represents the number of sub-areas.

[0016] Preferably, the environmental data set includes water flow velocity v w , sediment concentration C s , air pressure P atm and water temperature T w ;

[0017] The water flow velocity v w Acquired by Doppler flow meter;

[0018] The sediment concentration C s Acquired through turbidity sensor;

[0019] The air pressure P atmThe data is collected by installing an air pressure sensor on the top of the bridge;

[0020] The water temperature T w Used to install temperature sensor to measure water surface temperature to obtain.

[0021] Preferably, the ship dynamic identification module includes a ship characteristic monitoring unit and a first analysis unit;

[0022] The ship characteristic monitoring unit is used to install a laser ranging sensor in the monitoring point to monitor the ship's draft depth D in real time. ship , ship speed V ship , the wave height H caused by the ship wave , generate ship characteristics dataset;

[0023] The first analysis unit is used to analyze and calculate the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx according to the environmental data set and the ship characteristic data set;

[0024] The specific calculation process of the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx is as follows:

[0025] S11. Based on the ship's draft D ship and the ship speed V ship , calculate the water level disturbance coefficient W dist :

[0026]

[0027] Among them, k 1 is the disturbance correction coefficient of the bridge structure. Through experimental calibration, the influence of different speeds and sizes of ships on water disturbance is simulated, the amplitude of water level change is recorded, and regression analysis is used to obtain k 1 ; Including: Under standard river conditions, when the ship length is 50 meters, the speed is 5m / s, the fluctuation amplitude is 10cm, and the fitting k 1 is 0.05;

[0028] S12. Based on the wave height H caused by the ship wave and water velocity v w , calculate the corrected wave influence coefficient W wave :

[0029] W wave =k 2 *H wave *ln(1+v w );

[0030] Among them, k 2 is the correction coefficient of wave amplitude; by counting the wave height and water level changes caused by hundreds of ships passing under the bridge, k is fitted 2 is 1.2;

[0031] S13. Extract the sediment concentration C measured by the turbidity sensor in the environmental data set s , calculate the water damping coefficient W sed :

[0032]

[0033] Among them, k 3 is the sediment damping adjustment coefficient, including: when the sediment concentration is 0.5kg / m 3 When the fluctuation damping effect is reduced by 20%, the fitting k 3 is 2;

[0034] S14. Extract the air pressure P in the environmental data set atm and water temperature T w After dimensionless processing, the corrected external environment comprehensive influence coefficient W is calculated by the following formula rnv :

[0035]

[0036] Among them, k 4 is the meteorological adjustment factor, T ref is the water reference temperature, set to 25°C;

[0037] S15. Extract the water level disturbance coefficient W obtained in S11-S14 dist , Corrected wave influence coefficient W wave , water damping coefficient W sed and the corrected external environment comprehensive influence coefficient W env , after dimensionless processing, the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx is calculated by the following formula:

[0038] Cbfx=W dist *α+W wave *β+W sed *γ+W env *δ;

[0039] Where α, β, γ and δ represent the water level disturbance coefficients W, dist , Corrected wave influence coefficient W wave , water damping coefficient W sed and the corrected external environment comprehensive influence coefficient W env The weight value of 0<α<1, 0<β<1, 0<γ<1, 0<δ<1, and α+β+γ+δ=1.

[0040] Preferably, the floating object impact analysis module includes a floating object monitoring unit and a second analysis unit;

[0041] The floating object monitoring unit is used to install an infrared sensor at the monitoring point to monitor the heat reflection of floating objects on the water surface of the sub-area, use a camera to shoot the water surface image of the sub-area, use image recognition technology to distinguish and track floating objects, extract the number, distribution and accumulation of floating objects, and obtain the floating object coverage area A. p , floating debris accumulation height H p and the drift velocity V p ;

[0042] The second analysis unit is used to extract the floating object coverage area A p , floating debris accumulation height H p and the drift velocity V p , after dimensionless processing, the floating object shielding factor Pfzd is calculated by the following formula:

[0043]

[0044] Among them, A total Represents the total water surface area of ​​the sub-region.

[0045] Preferably, the floating object impact analysis module further includes a bridge monitoring unit, a bridge analysis unit and a correlation unit;

[0046] The bridge monitoring unit is used to divide the bridge into m bridge foundation points through networking, where m represents the total number of bridge foundation points; and collect the density and volume information of floating objects attached to the bridge and bridge information to establish a bridge force data set;

[0047] The bridge analysis unit is used to calculate the stress conditions of the bridge foundation points according to the stress data set, and obtain the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx by the following formula:

[0048] F p,f =ρ w *g*H avg ;

[0049] C p,f =ρ p *g*V p,f ;

[0050]

[0051] Among them, F p,f Represents the static pressure of the fth foundation point of the bridge, in N, ρ w represents the water density, g represents the acceleration due to gravity, H avg Indicates the average water level height;

[0052] A p,frepresents the effective foundation area of ​​the fth foundation point of the bridge, A base Indicates the total load-bearing area of ​​the bridge foundation, in m 2 ; C p,f is the total surface pressure of the floating object at the fth point; ρ p represents the density of floating objects attached to the fth foundation point of the bridge, V p,f represents the volume of floating objects attached to the fth foundation point of the bridge body; m represents the total number of foundation points of the bridge body;

[0053] Among them, M j represents the bending moment at the fth foundation point of the bridge, ΔH k Indicates the deviation of water level change at point f, E k It represents the elastic modulus of the fth base point of the bridge, in Pa;

[0054] The correlation unit is used to correlate the foundation bearing factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx to obtain the bridge stress evaluation index Qzpg:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, σ safe Indicates the maximum design safety stress threshold of the bridge.

[0057] Preferably, the water level correction module comprises a correction unit and an evaluation module;

[0058] The correction unit is used to establish a water level correction model using a statistical method, and the water level height H of the i-th sub-area i , ship fluctuation factor Cbfx and floating object interference correction factor Pfgx, the water level height of the ith sub-area is corrected by the following formula to obtain the corrected water level height of the ith sub-area

[0059]

[0060] Preferably, the evaluation module comprises a first evaluation unit and a second evaluation unit;

[0061] The first evaluation unit is used to preset a water level safety threshold Swq, and the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area Compare with the water level safety threshold Swq to obtain the first assessment result, including:

[0062] When the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area > water level safety threshold Swq, it means that the water level in the sub-area has overflow risk and there is a risk of ships colliding with the bridge when sailing across the bridge, and the first warning instruction is generated;

[0063] When the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area When the water level is less than or equal to the water level safety threshold Swq, it means that there is no overflow risk in the water level of the sub-area and continuous monitoring is required;

[0064] The second evaluation unit is used to preset a bridge stress risk threshold Qzy, compare the bridge stress evaluation index Qzpg with the bridge stress risk threshold Qzy, and obtain a second evaluation result, including:

[0065] When the bridge stress assessment index Qzpg and the bridge stress risk threshold Qzy indicate that the buoyancy of the water and floating objects on the bridge increases, resulting in the risk of damage to the bridge structure, the second warning instruction is triggered;

[0066] When the bridge stress assessment index Qzpg is equal to the bridge stress risk threshold Qzy, it means that the buoyancy of the water and floating objects on the bridge is within a safe range and there is no need to generate an early warning instruction.

[0067] Preferably, the evaluation module further includes a first strategy unit and a second strategy unit;

[0068] The first strategy unit is used to receive the first warning instruction and generate the first control instruction, including: restricting the passage of ships, and reminding ship operators and bridge management departments through broadcasting or mobile phone text messages, requiring temporary suspension of navigation, and activating the emergency overflow channel to divert the water flow in the i-th sub-area until the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area ≤ water level safety threshold Swq;

[0069] The second strategy unit is used to receive the second warning instruction and generate the second control instruction, including: setting the proportion of guiding water flow to 20%-30% to the storage pool, dispatching the floating object cleaning vessel on the water surface to clean the floating objects affecting the bridge, and then guiding the water stored in the pool back to the current sub-area waters, increasing the frequency of floating object cleaning to 2-3 times a week, and reinforcing the fth point of bridge deformation with steel plates or steel beams.

[0070] The water level monitoring and early warning method for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under the bridge comprises the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: Divide the water surface area under the bridge into a number of sub-areas at equal intervals according to the number of bridge piers, set a monitoring point in each sub-area, monitor the water level in real time, and generate a first data set;

[0072] Step 2: Collect water flow velocity v w , sediment concentration C s , air pressure P atm and water temperature T w , generate environmental datasets;

[0073] Step 3: Monitor the characteristics of ships passing under the bridge, including the size, speed and water level fluctuation caused by the ships, and generate the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx through linkage analysis of the ship characteristic data and the environmental data set;

[0074] Step 4: Monitor the number, distribution and accumulation of floating objects in the sub-area, and construct the floating object shielding factor Pfzd; collect the density, volume information and bridge information of floating objects attached to the bridge body, and establish a bridge body force data set to calculate the force conditions of the bridge body foundation points, including the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx, and associate the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx to generate the bridge body stress assessment index Qzpg;

[0075] Step 5: Extract the water level H of the ith sub-area i , ship fluctuation factor Cbfx, floating object interference correction factor Pfgx, establish the water level correction model and perform correction to obtain the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area And preset the water level safety threshold Swq, when the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area When the water level is higher than the water level safety threshold Swq, a first warning instruction is triggered, and a first control instruction is generated according to the first warning instruction;

[0076] Step six: preset a bridge stress risk threshold Qzy. If the bridge stress assessment index Qzpg is higher than the bridge stress risk threshold Qzy, trigger the second warning instruction, and generate a second control instruction according to the first warning instruction.

[0077] The present invention provides a water level monitoring and early warning system and method for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under a bridge. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0078] (1) Traditional water level monitoring methods usually ignore environmental factors (such as water flow velocity, sediment concentration, air pressure, etc.) and the dynamic impact of ships. The present invention uses an environmental data acquisition module and a ship dynamic identification module to combine water level monitoring data for comprehensive analysis. This multi-source data fusion method effectively solves the problem that traditional technologies only focus on the water level itself and ignore environmental changes and ship fluctuations, thereby more accurately evaluating the impact of water level changes on bridge safety.

[0079] (2) The accumulation and drift of floating objects may cause buoyancy to the bridge body, leading to the risk of structural damage. Traditional methods have failed to effectively monitor this factor, while the present invention obtains information about floating objects in real time and evaluates their impact on the bridge body through the floating object impact analysis module and bridge body force analysis. By calculating the foundation bearing factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx, the bridge body stress assessment index Qzpg is generated, providing more comprehensive and accurate data support for bridge safety assessment.

[0080] (3) The present invention introduces a water level correction module, which can correct the water level data according to the real-time situation by combining the ship fluctuation factor, floating object correction factor and environmental data, and generate an early warning instruction according to the preset water level safety threshold Swq. This dynamic adjustment mechanism can warn of the risk of the water level exceeding the safety threshold in advance, so as to take corresponding measures in advance, such as adjusting the passage and berthing of ships or starting emergency drainage, etc., to avoid potential safety accidents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0081] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a block diagram of a water level monitoring and early warning system for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under a bridge according to the present invention;

[0082] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the steps of a water level monitoring and early warning method for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under a bridge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0083] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0084] Example 1

[0085] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a water level monitoring and early warning system for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under the bridge, including a water level monitoring module, an environmental data acquisition module, a ship dynamic identification module, a floating object impact analysis module and a water level correction module;

[0086] The water level monitoring module is used to divide the water surface area under the bridge into several sub-areas, set a monitoring point in each sub-area, monitor and obtain the water level in real time, and generate a first data group;

[0087] The environmental data acquisition module is used to collect water flow velocity v w , sediment concentration C s , air pressure P atm and water temperature T w , generate environmental datasets;

[0088] The ship dynamic identification module is used to monitor the characteristics of ships passing under the bridge, including the size and speed of the ship and the water level fluctuation caused, and generate the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx through the linkage analysis of the ship characteristic data and the environmental data set;

[0089] The floating object impact analysis module is used to monitor the number, distribution and accumulation of floating objects in the sub-area, and construct the floating object shielding factor Pfzd; and collect the density and volume information of the floating objects attached to the bridge body and the bridge body information, and establish the bridge body force data set to calculate the force conditions of the bridge body foundation points, including the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx, and associate the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx to generate the bridge body stress evaluation index Qzpg;

[0090] The water level correction module is used to extract the water level height H of the i-th sub-area i , ship fluctuation factor Cbfx, floating object interference correction factor Pfgx, establish the water level correction model and perform correction to obtain the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area And preset the water level safety threshold Swq, when the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area When the water level is higher than the safety threshold Swq, the first warning instruction is triggered.

[0091] In this embodiment, the present invention realizes comprehensive monitoring of the water level by dividing the water surface area under the bridge into multiple sub-areas and setting monitoring points in each sub-area. Compared with the traditional method of relying on a few fixed sensors, the system can obtain more comprehensive and accurate water level data, timely reflect the water level changes of the entire water area under the bridge, and avoid the defect that the traditional method cannot fully cover the water level fluctuations.

[0092] Traditional water level monitoring methods usually ignore environmental factors (such as water flow velocity, sediment concentration, air pressure, etc.) and the dynamic impact of ships. The present invention uses environmental data acquisition modules and ship dynamic identification modules to combine water level monitoring data for comprehensive analysis. This multi-source data fusion method effectively solves the problem that traditional technologies only focus on the water level itself and ignore environmental changes and ship fluctuations, thereby more accurately evaluating the impact of water level changes on bridge safety.

[0093] The accumulation and drift of floating objects may cause buoyancy to the bridge body, leading to the risk of structural damage. Traditional methods fail to effectively monitor this factor, while the present invention obtains information about floating objects in real time and evaluates their impact on the bridge body through the floating object impact analysis module and bridge body force analysis. By calculating the foundation bearing factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx, the bridge body stress assessment index Qzpg is generated, providing more comprehensive and accurate data support for bridge safety assessment.

[0094] The present invention introduces a water level correction module, which can correct the water level data according to the real-time situation by combining the ship fluctuation factor, floating object correction factor and environmental data, and generate an early warning instruction according to the preset water level safety threshold Swq. This dynamic adjustment mechanism can warn of the risk of the water level exceeding the safety threshold in advance, so as to take corresponding measures in advance, such as adjusting the ship passage order or starting emergency drainage, etc., to avoid potential safety accidents.

[0095] Example 2

[0096] This example is an explanation of Example 1. Figure 1 ,Specifically, the water level monitoring module includes a region division unit and a water level data aggregation unit;

[0097] The area division unit is used to divide the water surface area under the bridge into several sub-areas at equal intervals according to the number of bridge piers, set a monitoring point in each sub-area, and deploy water level sensors; the water surface area under the bridge is divided into several sub-areas at equal intervals according to the number of bridge piers by the area division unit, and independent monitoring points are set in each sub-area and water level sensors are deployed, which can effectively cover the entire water surface area. This precise division method is more comprehensive than the traditional single monitoring point, can avoid data blind spots caused by too few monitoring points, and ensure the globality and accuracy of water level data.

[0098] The water level data aggregation unit is used to obtain the water level heights collected by the water level sensors in several sub-areas, generate a first data group, and after preprocessing the first data group, calculate the average water level height H by the following formula: avg :

[0099]

[0100] In the formula, H i represents the water level measured in the ith sub-area, and n represents the number of sub-areas.

[0101] In this embodiment, the water level data aggregation unit can collect and aggregate the water level sensor data of multiple sub-areas, and obtain the average water level of each sub-area through data preprocessing and formula calculation. This method can timely obtain the water level changes of the entire water area under the bridge, and by calculating the average water level height, reduce the uncertainty caused by the measurement error of a single sensor, and provide more stable and reliable water level data.

[0102] Example 3

[0103] This example is an explanation of Example 1. Figure 1 Specifically, the environmental data set includes water flow velocity v w , sediment concentration C s, air pressure P atm and water temperature T w ;

[0104] The water flow velocity v w Acquired by Doppler flow meter;

[0105] The sediment concentration C s Acquired through turbidity sensor;

[0106] The air pressure P atm The data is collected by installing an air pressure sensor on the top of the bridge;

[0107] The water temperature T w Used to install temperature sensor to measure water surface temperature to obtain.

[0108] By integrating multiple environmental data such as water velocity, sediment concentration, air pressure and water temperature into one environmental data set, the system can conduct comprehensive analysis under different environmental change conditions. Such multi-dimensional data monitoring provides strong data support for the system, making the prediction of environmental changes and water level fluctuations more accurate, thereby improving the monitoring capability of bridge safety.

[0109] Example 4

[0110] This example is an explanation of Example 1. Figure 1 ,Specifically, the ship dynamic identification module includes a ship characteristic monitoring unit and a first analysis unit;

[0111] The ship characteristic monitoring unit is used to install a laser ranging sensor in the monitoring point to monitor the ship's draft depth D in real time. ship , ship speed V ship , the wave height H caused by the ship wave , generate ship characteristics dataset;

[0112] The first analysis unit is used to analyze and calculate the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx according to the environmental data set and the ship characteristic data set;

[0113] The specific calculation process of the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx is as follows:

[0114] S11. Based on the ship's draft D ship and the ship speed V ship , calculate the water level disturbance coefficient W dist :

[0115]

[0116] Among them, k 1is the disturbance correction coefficient of the bridge structure. Through experimental calibration, the influence of different speeds and sizes of ships on water disturbance is simulated, the amplitude of water level change is recorded, and regression analysis is used to obtain k 1 ; Including: Under standard river conditions, when the ship length is 50 meters, the speed is 5m / s, the fluctuation amplitude is 10cm, and the fitting k 1 =0.05; the water level disturbance coefficient is calculated based on the ship's draft and speed. Water level disturbance coefficient W dist It reflects the direct disturbance of water level caused by the passage of ships.

[0117] S12. Based on the wave height H caused by the ship wave and water velocity v w , calculate the corrected wave influence coefficient W wave :

[0118] W wave =k 2 *H wave *ln(1+v w );

[0119] Among them, k 2 is the correction coefficient of wave amplitude; by counting the wave height and water level changes caused by hundreds of ships passing under the bridge, k is fitted 2 =1.2; According to the wave height and water velocity caused by the ship, calculate the corrected wave influence coefficient W wave Corrected wave influence coefficient W wave Measures the effect of waves on water level changes. Waves caused by a passing ship will cause noticeable fluctuations on the water surface. Corrected wave influence coefficient W wave The impact on water level fluctuations is more significant, especially when the water flow is slow or the water body is shallow, the effect of waves is more prominent.

[0120] S13. Extract the sediment concentration C measured by the turbidity sensor in the environmental data set s , calculate the water damping coefficient W sed :

[0121]

[0122] Among them, k 3 is the sediment damping adjustment coefficient, including: when the sediment concentration is 0.5kg / m 3 When the fluctuation damping effect is reduced by 20%, the fitting k 3=2; The damping coefficient of the water body is calculated by measuring the sediment concentration. The higher the sediment concentration, the greater the resistance to the water flow, and the amplitude and speed of water wave propagation will be slowed down. When the sediment concentration is high, there will be a greater fluctuation damping effect, that is, the amplitude of water level fluctuation will be "weakened" or slowed down. The effect of sediment concentration on fluctuation is achieved by correcting the resistance to water flow.

[0123] S14. Extract the air pressure P in the environmental data set atm and water temperature T w After dimensionless processing, the corrected external environment comprehensive influence coefficient W is calculated by the following formula env :

[0124]

[0125] Among them, k 4 is the meteorological adjustment factor, T ref is the reference temperature of the water body, set to 25°C; changes in air pressure and water temperature will affect the physical properties of the water body, and thus affect the propagation speed and fluctuation amplitude of the water wave. By correcting the comprehensive influence coefficient of the external environment W env , the system can adjust the fluctuation factor under different meteorological conditions.

[0126] S15. Extract the water level disturbance coefficient W obtained in S11-S14 dist , Corrected wave influence coefficient W wave , water damping coefficient W sed and the corrected external environment comprehensive influence coefficient W env , after dimensionless processing, the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx is calculated by the following formula:

[0127] Cbfx=W dist *α+W wave *β+W sed *γ+W env *δ;

[0128] Where α, β, γ and δ represent the water level disturbance coefficients W, dist , Corrected wave influence coefficient W wave , water damping coefficient W sed and the corrected external environment comprehensive influence coefficient W env The weight value of 0<α<1, 0<β<1, 0<γ<1, 0<δ<1, and α+β+γ+δ=1.

[0129] In this embodiment, by analyzing multiple factors such as the ship's draft, speed, wave height, sediment concentration, air pressure, water temperature, etc., the system can accurately calculate and correct water level fluctuations to ensure that water level monitoring is more comprehensive and accurate. dist , Corrected wave influence coefficient Wwave , water damping coefficient W sed and the corrected external environment comprehensive influence coefficient W env The calculation method of the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx obtained by the associated calculation works together to provide the ability to dynamically adjust the water level fluctuation prediction, which helps to timely detect potential water level anomalies and enhance the response speed and accuracy of the early warning system.

[0130] Example 5

[0131] This example is an explanation of Example 1. Figure 1 ,Specifically, the floating object impact analysis module includes a floating object monitoring unit and a second analysis unit;

[0132] The floating object monitoring unit is used to install an infrared sensor at the monitoring point to monitor the heat reflection of floating objects on the water surface of the sub-area, use a camera to shoot the water surface image of the sub-area, use image recognition technology to distinguish and track floating objects, extract the number, distribution and accumulation of floating objects, and obtain the floating object coverage area A. p , floating debris accumulation height H p and the drift velocity V p ;

[0133] The second analysis unit is used to extract the floating object coverage area A p , floating debris accumulation height H p and the drift velocity V p , after dimensionless processing, the floating object shielding factor Pfzd is calculated by the following formula:

[0134]

[0135] Among them, A total Represents the total water surface area of ​​the sub-region.

[0136] In this embodiment, the coverage area and accumulation height of floating objects directly affect the effective volume of the water surface and the stability of the water level. Floating objects with higher accumulation will reduce the effective area of ​​the water surface, which may cause irregular changes in the water level to rise or sink. The floating object impact analysis module provides key inputs for water level prediction by accurately monitoring the number, distribution, accumulation and drift speed of floating objects, combined with the dimensionless calculated floating object shielding factor Pfzd. The coverage area and accumulation height of floating objects affect the water surface area, which may affect the fluctuation of water level. As the floating object impact factor changes, the speed of the water flow, the surface evaporation rate and the heat exchange of the water body will also change, which will indirectly affect the change of water level, especially when the water flow is slow or the floating objects are accumulated heavily.

[0137] Example 6

[0138] This example is an explanation of Example 1. Figure 1 ,Specifically, the floating object impact analysis module also includes a bridge monitoring unit, a bridge analysis unit and associated units;

[0139] The bridge monitoring unit is used to divide the bridge into m bridge foundation points through networking, where m represents the total number of bridge foundation points; and collect the density and volume information of floating objects attached to the bridge and bridge information to establish a bridge force data set;

[0140] The bridge analysis unit is used to calculate the stress conditions of the bridge foundation points according to the stress data set, and obtain the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx by the following formula:

[0141] F p,f =ρ w *g*H avg ;

[0142] C p,f =ρ p *g*V p,f ;

[0143]

[0144] Among them, F p,f Represents the static pressure of the fth foundation point of the bridge, in N, ρ w represents the water density, g represents the acceleration due to gravity, H avg Indicates the average water level height;

[0145] A p,f represents the effective foundation area of ​​the fth foundation point of the bridge, A base Indicates the total load-bearing area of ​​the bridge foundation, in m 2 ; C p,f is the total surface pressure of the floating object at the fth point; ρ p represents the density of floating objects attached to the fth foundation point of the bridge, V p,f represents the volume of floating objects attached to the fth foundation point of the bridge body; m represents the total number of foundation points of the bridge body;

[0146] Among them, M j represents the bending moment at the fth foundation point of the bridge, ΔH k Indicates the deviation of water level change at point f, E k It represents the elastic modulus of the fth base point of the bridge, in Pa;

[0147] The correlation unit is used to correlate the foundation bearing factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx to obtain the bridge stress evaluation index Qzpg:

[0148]

[0149] Among them, σ safe Indicates the maximum design safety stress threshold of the bridge.

[0150] In this embodiment, the bridge body is divided into m basic points through networking, and each basic point is used to monitor the stress state of the bridge body. Through network monitoring technology, the density, volume information and other relevant bridge data of floating objects on each basic point can be obtained in real time. The stress condition of these basic points is closely related to the change of water level. The attachment of floating objects directly affects the buoyancy of the water body, and then affects the stress distribution and water level change of the bridge body. The floating object impact analysis module provides comprehensive data support for evaluating the safety of the bridge body under water level changes and floating objects by calculating the foundation bearing factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx, as well as the bridge body stress assessment index Qzpg. The fluctuation of water level and the attachment of floating objects will jointly act on the stress condition of the bridge body, and ultimately affect the stability and safety of the bridge body. Through an effective stress assessment index, possible risks of the bridge body can be warned in advance to ensure the safety of the bridge structure.

[0151] Example 7

[0152] This example is explained in Example 6. Figure 1 ,Specifically, the water level correction module includes a correction unit and an evaluation module;

[0153] The correction unit is used to establish a water level correction model using a statistical method, and the water level height H of the i-th sub-area i , ship fluctuation factor Cbfx and floating object interference correction factor Pfgx, the water level height of the ith sub-area is corrected by the following formula to obtain the corrected water level height of the ith sub-area

[0154]

[0155] Refer to the following chart:

[0156]

[0157] In this embodiment, the passage of ships will cause water level fluctuations, especially as the draft, speed and wave effects of ships change, the water level will be disturbed. The water level correction model corrects the impact of such fluctuations on the water level by calculating the ship fluctuation factor. The presence of floating objects will change the reflection of the water surface and the buoyancy of the water body, thereby affecting the accuracy of the water level data. The floating object interference correction factor is used to compensate for these interferences to ensure the accuracy of the water level measurement.

[0158] Example 8

[0159] This example is explained in Example 7. Figure 1 ,Specifically, the evaluation module includes a first evaluation unit and a second evaluation unit;

[0160] The first evaluation unit is used to preset a water level safety threshold Swq, and the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area Compare with the water level safety threshold Swq to obtain the first assessment result, including:

[0161] When the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area > water level safety threshold Swq, it means that the water level in the sub-area has overflow risk and there is a risk of ships colliding with the bridge when sailing across the bridge, and the first warning instruction is generated;

[0162] When the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area When the water level is less than or equal to the water level safety threshold Swq, it means that there is no overflow risk in the water level of the sub-area and continuous monitoring is required;

[0163] The second evaluation unit is used to preset a bridge stress risk threshold Qzy, compare the bridge stress evaluation index Qzpg with the bridge stress risk threshold Qzy, and obtain a second evaluation result, including:

[0164] When the bridge stress assessment index Qzpg and the bridge stress risk threshold Qzy indicate that the buoyancy of the water and floating objects on the bridge increases, resulting in the risk of damage to the bridge structure, the second warning instruction is triggered;

[0165] When the bridge stress assessment index Qzpg is equal to the bridge stress risk threshold Qzy, it means that the buoyancy of the water and floating objects on the bridge is within a safe range and there is no need to generate an early warning instruction.

[0166] In this embodiment, the assessment module realizes dynamic monitoring of water level and bridge structure through water level safety assessment and bridge stress risk assessment, which can effectively warn of potential risks. The first assessment unit timely issues overflow risk and ship collision warning by monitoring water level changes and comparing them with safety thresholds. The second assessment unit ensures the stability of the bridge structure by assessing the stress conditions of the bridge body to avoid damage caused by water and floating objects. Overall, the assessment module provides reliable protection for water area and bridge safety through a dual warning mechanism.

[0167] Example 9

[0168] This example is an explanation of Example 8. Figure 1 ,Specifically, the evaluation module also includes a first strategy unit and a second strategy unit;

[0169] The first strategy unit is used to receive the first warning instruction and generate the first control instruction, including: restricting the passage of ships, and reminding ship operators and bridge management departments through broadcasting or mobile phone text messages, requiring temporary suspension of navigation, and activating the emergency overflow channel to divert the water flow in the i-th sub-area until the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area until;

[0170] The second strategy unit is used to receive the second warning instruction and generate the second control instruction, including: setting the proportion of guiding water flow to 20%-30% to the storage pool, dispatching the floating object cleaning vessel on the water surface to clean the floating objects affecting the bridge, and then guiding the water stored in the pool back to the current sub-area waters, increasing the frequency of floating object cleaning to 2-3 times a week, and reinforcing the fth point of bridge deformation with steel plates or steel beams.

[0171] In this embodiment, the strategy unit effectively solves the problems of overflow risk, ship collision, floating object impact and bridge structure damage through two independent strategy modules. The first strategy unit effectively controls the risk of water level exceeding the standard by timely restricting ship traffic, enabling overflow channels and water flow diversion measures; the second strategy unit reduces the buoyancy effect of floating objects on the bridge body and ensures the structural stability of the bridge through means such as floating object cleaning and bridge reinforcement. Overall, these control measures can achieve dynamic management of water levels, ships, floating objects and bridges, ensuring the safe operation of water areas and bridges.

[0172] Example 10, please refer to Figure 2 , a water level monitoring and early warning method for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under the bridge, comprising the following steps:

[0173] Step 1: Divide the water surface area under the bridge into a number of sub-areas at equal intervals according to the number of bridge piers, set a monitoring point in each sub-area, monitor the water level in real time, and generate a first data set;

[0174] Step 2: Collect water flow velocity v w , sediment concentration C s , air pressure P atm and water temperature T w , generate environmental datasets;

[0175] Step 3: Monitor the characteristics of ships passing under the bridge, including the size, speed and water level fluctuation caused by the ships, and generate the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx through linkage analysis of the ship characteristic data and the environmental data set;

[0176] Step 4: Monitor the number, distribution and accumulation of floating objects in the sub-area, and construct the floating object shielding factor Pfzd; collect the density, volume information and bridge information of floating objects attached to the bridge body, and establish a bridge body force data set to calculate the force conditions of the bridge body foundation points, including the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx, and associate the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx to generate the bridge body stress assessment index Qzpg;

[0177] Step 5: Extract the water level H of the ith sub-area i , ship fluctuation factor Cbfx, floating object interference correction factor Pfgx, establish the water level correction model and perform correction to obtain the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area And preset the water level safety threshold Swq, when the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area When the water level is higher than the water level safety threshold Swq, a first warning instruction is triggered, and a first control instruction is generated according to the first warning instruction;

[0178] Step six: preset a bridge stress risk threshold Qzy. If the bridge stress assessment index Qzpg is higher than the bridge stress risk threshold Qzy, trigger the second warning instruction, and generate a second control instruction according to the first warning instruction.

[0179] In this embodiment, the water level monitoring and early warning method establishes an accurate water level correction and bridge stress assessment model by comprehensively monitoring multiple factors, such as water level, environmental data, ship fluctuations, floating object interference, etc., and realizes dynamic monitoring of the real-time height of the water surface under the bridge. First, based on the sub-area monitoring points divided at equal intervals, water level data can be collected in real time, and combined with environmental data and ship fluctuation factors, accurate correction of water level height can be achieved to ensure that the water level is within a safe range. Secondly, the number, distribution and accumulation of floating objects, as well as the density and volume information of floating objects attached to the bridge body, help to accurately assess the stress condition of the bridge body and timely discover possible structural risks. At the same time, by linking and analyzing water level data and bridge body stress, early warning instructions can be triggered in advance, and control measures can be quickly taken, such as restricting ship traffic and activating emergency overflow channels, to ensure the safety of the bridge. The overall method improves the real-time monitoring capability of water level fluctuations and bridge body safety, improves the efficiency of early warning and emergency response, and reduces the potential overflow risk and the probability of structural damage.

[0180] The threshold is set to facilitate comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the amount of sample data and the number of bases set by technicians in this field for each group of sample data; as long as it does not affect the proportional relationship between the parameter and the quantized value.

[0181] The above formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data for software simulation and selecting a formula that is close to the actual value. The coefficients in the formula are set by technical personnel in this field according to actual conditions. The above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any technical personnel familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention, make equivalent replacement or change, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water level monitoring and early warning system for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under the bridge, characterized in that: It includes water level monitoring module, environmental data acquisition module, ship dynamic identification module, floating object impact analysis module and water level correction module; The water level monitoring module is used to divide the water surface area under the bridge into several sub-areas, set a monitoring point in each sub-area, monitor and obtain the water level in real time, and generate a first data group; The environmental data acquisition module is used to collect water flow velocity v w , sediment concentration C s , air pressure P atm and water temperature T w , generate environmental datasets; The ship dynamic identification module is used to monitor the characteristics of ships passing under the bridge, including the size and speed of the ship and the water level fluctuation caused, and generate the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx through the linkage analysis of the ship characteristic data and the environmental data set; The floating object impact analysis module is used to monitor the number, distribution and accumulation of floating objects in the sub-area, and construct the floating object shielding factor Pfzd; and collect the density and volume information of the floating objects attached to the bridge body and the bridge body information, and establish the bridge body force data set to calculate the force conditions of the bridge body foundation points, including the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx, and associate the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx to generate the bridge body stress evaluation index Qzpg; The water level correction module is used to extract the water level height H of the i-th sub-area i , ship fluctuation factor Cbfx, floating object interference correction factor Pfgx, establish the water level correction model and perform correction to obtain the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area And preset the water level safety threshold Swq, when the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area When the water level is higher than the safety threshold Swq, the first warning instruction is triggered.

2. The water level monitoring and early warning system for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under the bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water level monitoring module includes a region division unit and a water level data aggregation unit; The area division unit is used to divide the water surface area under the bridge into a number of sub-areas at equal intervals according to the number of bridge piers, set a monitoring point in each sub-area, and deploy a water level sensor; The water level data aggregation unit is used to obtain the water level heights collected by the water level sensors in several sub-areas, generate a first data group, and after preprocessing the first data group, calculate the average water level height H by the following formula: avg : In the formula, H i represents the water level measured in the ith sub-area, and n represents the number of sub-areas.

3. The water level monitoring and early warning system for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under the bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The environmental data set includes water velocity v w , sediment concentration C s , air pressure P atm and water temperature T w ; The water flow velocity v w Acquired by Doppler flow meter; The sediment concentration C s Obtained through turbidity sensor; The air pressure P atm The data is collected by installing an air pressure sensor on the top of the bridge; The water temperature T w Used to install temperature sensor to measure water surface temperature to obtain.

4. The water level monitoring and early warning system for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under the bridge according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The ship dynamic identification module includes a ship characteristic monitoring unit and a first analysis unit; The ship characteristic monitoring unit is used to install a laser ranging sensor in the monitoring point to monitor the ship's draft depth D in real time. ship , ship speed V ship , the wave height H caused by the ship wave , generate ship characteristics dataset; The first analysis unit is used to analyze and calculate the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx according to the environmental data set and the ship characteristic data set; The specific calculation process of the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx is as follows: S11. Based on the ship's draft D ship and the ship speed V ship , calculate the water level disturbance coefficient W dist : Among them, k1 is the disturbance correction coefficient of the bridge structure. Through experimental calibration, the influence of different speeds and sizes of ships on water disturbance is simulated, the amplitude of water level change is recorded, and k1 is obtained by regression analysis; including: under standard river conditions, when the ship length is 50 meters, the speed is 5m / s, the fluctuation amplitude is 10cm, and the fitting k1 is 0.05; S12. Based on the wave height H caused by the ship wave and water velocity v w , calculate the corrected wave influence coefficient W wave : W wave =k2*H wave *ln(1+v w ); Among them, k2 is the correction coefficient of wave amplitude. By counting the wave height and the water level changes caused by hundreds of ships passing under the bridge, k2 is fitted to be 1.2; S13. Extract the sediment concentration C measured by the turbidity sensor in the environmental data set s , calculate the water damping coefficient W sed : Among them, k3 is the sediment damping adjustment coefficient, including: when the sediment concentration is 0.5kg / m 3 When , the fluctuation damping effect is reduced by 20%, and the fitting k3 is 2; S14. Extract the air pressure P in the environmental data set atm and water temperature T w After dimensionless processing, the corrected external environment comprehensive influence coefficient W is calculated by the following formula env : Among them, k4 is the meteorological adjustment coefficient, T ref is the water reference temperature, set to 25°C; S15. Extract the water level disturbance coefficient W obtained in S11-S14 dist , Corrected wave influence coefficient W wave , water damping coefficient W sed and the corrected external environment comprehensive influence coefficient W ent , after dimensionless processing, the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx is calculated by the following formula: Cbfx=W dist *a+W wave *b+W sed *c+W env *d; Where α, β, γ and δ represent the water level disturbance coefficients W, dist , Corrected wave influence coefficient W wave , water damping coefficient W sed and the corrected external environment comprehensive influence coefficient W env The weight value of 0<α<1, 0<β<1, 0<γ<1, 0<δ<1, and α+β+γ+δ=1.

5. The water level monitoring and early warning system for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under the bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The floating object impact analysis module includes a floating object monitoring unit and a second analysis unit; The floating object monitoring unit is used to install an infrared sensor at the monitoring point to monitor the heat reflection of floating objects on the water surface of the sub-area, use a camera to shoot the water surface image of the sub-area, use image recognition technology to distinguish and track floating objects, extract the number, distribution and accumulation of floating objects, and obtain the floating object coverage area A. p , floating debris accumulation height H p and the drift velocity V p ; The second analysis unit is used to extract the floating object coverage area A p , floating debris accumulation height H p and the drift velocity V p , after dimensionless processing, the floating object shielding factor Pfzd is calculated by the following formula: Among them, A total Represents the total water surface area of ​​the sub-region.

6. The water level monitoring and early warning system for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under the bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The floating object impact analysis module also includes a bridge monitoring unit, a bridge analysis unit and an associated unit; The bridge monitoring unit is used to divide the bridge into m bridge basic points through networking, where m represents the total number of bridge basic points; The density and volume information of floating objects attached to the bridge body as well as bridge body information are collected to establish a bridge body force data set; The bridge analysis unit is used to calculate the stress conditions of the bridge foundation points according to the stress data set, and obtain the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx by the following formula: F p,f =ρ w *g*H avg ; C p,f =ρ p *g*V p,f ; Among them, F p,f Represents the static pressure of the fth foundation point of the bridge, in N, ρ w represents the water density, g represents the acceleration due to gravity, H avg Indicates the average water level height; A p,f represents the effective foundation area of ​​the fth foundation point of the bridge, A base Indicates the total load-bearing area of ​​the bridge foundation, in m 2 ; C p,f is the total surface pressure of the floating object at the fth point; ρ p represents the density of floating objects attached to the fth foundation point of the bridge, V p,f represents the volume of floating objects attached to the fth foundation point of the bridge body; m represents the total number of foundation points of the bridge body; Among them, M j Denotes the bending moment at the fth foundation point of the bridge, ΔH k Indicates the deviation of water level change at point f, E k It represents the elastic modulus of the fth base point of the bridge, in Pa; The correlation unit is used to correlate the foundation bearing factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx to obtain the bridge stress evaluation index Qzpg: Among them, σ safe Indicates the maximum design safety stress threshold of the bridge.

7. The water level monitoring and early warning system for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under the bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water level correction module includes a correction unit and an evaluation module; The correction unit is used to establish a water level correction model using a statistical method, and the water level height H of the i-th sub-area i , ship fluctuation factor Cbfx and floating object interference correction factor Pfgx, the water level height of the ith sub-area is corrected by the following formula to obtain the corrected water level height of the ith sub-area 8. The water level monitoring and early warning system for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under the bridge according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The evaluation module includes a first evaluation unit and a second evaluation unit; The first evaluation unit is used to preset a water level safety threshold Swq, and the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area Compare with the water level safety threshold Swq to obtain the first assessment result, including: When the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area > water level safety threshold Swq, it means that the water level in the sub-area has overflow risk and there is a risk of ships colliding with the bridge when sailing across the bridge, and the first warning instruction is generated; When the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area When the water level is less than or equal to the water level safety threshold Swq, it means that there is no overflow risk in the water level of the sub-area and continuous monitoring is required; The second evaluation unit is used to preset a bridge stress risk threshold Qzy, compare the bridge stress evaluation index Qzpg with the bridge stress risk threshold Qzy, and obtain a second evaluation result, including: When the bridge stress assessment index Qzpg and the bridge stress risk threshold Qzy indicate that the buoyancy of the water and floating objects on the bridge increases, resulting in the risk of damage to the bridge structure, the second warning instruction is triggered; When the bridge stress assessment index Qzpg is equal to the bridge stress risk threshold Qzy, it means that the buoyancy of the water and floating objects on the bridge is within a safe range and there is no need to generate an early warning instruction.

9. The water level monitoring and early warning system for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under the bridge according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The evaluation module also includes a first strategy unit and a second strategy unit; The first strategy unit is used to receive the first warning instruction and generate the first control instruction, including: restricting the passage of ships, and reminding ship operators and bridge management departments through broadcasting or mobile phone text messages, requiring temporary suspension of navigation, and activating the emergency overflow channel to divert the water flow in the i-th sub-area until the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area ≤ water level safety threshold Swq; The second strategy unit is used to receive the second warning instruction and generate the second control instruction, including: setting the proportion of guiding water flow to 20%-30% to the storage pool, dispatching the floating object cleaning vessel on the water surface to clean the floating objects affecting the bridge, and then guiding the water stored in the pool back to the current sub-area waters, increasing the frequency of floating object cleaning to 2-3 times a week, and reinforcing the fth point of bridge deformation with steel plates or steel beams.

10. A water level monitoring and early warning method for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under a bridge, comprising the water level monitoring and early warning system for monitoring the real-time height of the water surface under a bridge as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Divide the water surface area under the bridge into a number of sub-areas at equal intervals according to the number of bridge piers, set a monitoring point in each sub-area, monitor the water level in real time, and generate a first data set; Step 2: Collect water flow velocity v w , sediment concentration C s , air pressure P atm and water temperature T w , generate environmental datasets; Step 3: Monitor the characteristics of ships passing under the bridge, including the size, speed and water level fluctuation caused by the ships, and generate the ship fluctuation factor Cbfx through linkage analysis of the ship characteristic data and the environmental data set; Step 4: Monitor the quantity, distribution and accumulation of floating objects in the sub-area and construct the floating object shielding factor Pfzd; The density and volume information of floating objects attached to the bridge body and bridge body information are collected to establish a bridge body force data set to calculate the force conditions of the bridge body foundation points, including the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx, and the foundation pressure factor Qcya and the structural deformation factor Jzbx are correlated to generate the bridge body stress assessment index Qzpg; Step 5: Extract the water level H of the ith sub-area i , ship fluctuation factor Cbfx, floating object interference correction factor Pfgx, establish the water level correction model and perform correction to obtain the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area And preset the water level safety threshold Swq, when the corrected water level height of the i-th sub-area When the water level is higher than the water level safety threshold Swq, a first warning instruction is triggered, and a first control instruction is generated according to the first warning instruction; Step six: preset a bridge stress risk threshold Qzy. If the bridge stress assessment index Qzpg is higher than the bridge stress risk threshold Qzy, trigger the second warning instruction, and generate a second control instruction according to the first warning instruction.

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