Novel manual operation mechanism of permanent magnet or magnetic control circuit breaker and ring main unit

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel manual operation mechanism of a permanent magnet or magnetic control circuit breaker and a permanent magnet ring main unit. The mechanism mainly comprises an energy storage pressing rod, a spring fixing pin, a shaft fixing end cover, a pressing rod reset spring, a shaft fixing pin, a limiting pin, a mechanical energy storage indicator, a ratchet mechanism and a speed reducer. The mechanism is small in size, easy to install and convenient to debug, the mechanical characteristics of equipment are not affected after installation, and the later maintenance cost is low. An energy storage process and an opening and closing control process suitable for the mechanism are researched, and are perfectly matched with a mechanism structure and a circuit, so that the system power consumption is reduced, the accurate control of opening and closing is realized, and the utilization rate of capacitor energy is effectively improved. The novel manual switching-on and switching-off operation mechanism is small in size, the mode of a traditional operation spring mechanism and a permanent magnet mechanism is turned over, the problem that manual switching-on of a permanent magnet mechanism and a magnetic control mechanism in a power grid is difficult is effectively solved, the mechanical fault rate of a system is reduced, and the operation stability of power grid equipment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a novel manual opening and closing operating mechanism for a permanent magnet circuit breaker, a permanent magnet ring network cabinet, a magnetically controlled circuit breaker and a magnetically controlled ring network cabinet, and belongs to the field of power electronics application. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing demand for power grids and the requirements for power supply reliability, it is proposed that circuit breakers and ring network cabinets can not only use FTU and DTU to achieve opening and closing, but also have manual opening and closing operating mechanisms, and realize power supply operations in abnormal situations of FTU and DTU by means of human energy storage. At present, the commonly used mechanisms on mainstream circuit breakers and ring network cabinets on the market are spring operating mechanisms, permanent magnet operating mechanisms, and magnetic control operating mechanisms. The spring operating mechanism on the market is very mature. Its working principle is to convert mechanical energy into the elastic potential energy of the spring for energy storage through human work, and release the elastic potential energy of the spring when it is necessary to open and close the switch to convert it into kinetic energy for opening and closing. However, the spring mechanism has the disadvantages of complex structure, many parts, high manufacturing difficulty, large operating impulse, poor opening characteristics, and difficult installation and debugging. It is easy to have mechanism failures and slow opening speed, which is not conducive to the rapid isolation of power grid faults and is easy to cause the expansion of power outage area when faults occur. The permanent magnet mechanism and magnetic control mechanism have a faster opening speed than the spring operating mechanism, which helps to quickly isolate the fault and reduce the power outage area. In addition, the permanent magnet mechanism and magnetic control mechanism have fewer parts, are easy to manufacture, and are simple to debug, which significantly reduces the workload of later maintenance and improves power supply stability. With the development of the power grid, the popularity of permanent magnet mechanisms and magnetic control mechanisms is also increasing. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a new manual opening and closing operating mechanism suitable for permanent magnet circuit breakers, permanent magnet ring main unit, magnetically controlled circuit breakers and magnetically controlled ring main unit, so as to overcome the problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] (1) Technical issues to be solved

[0005] Permanent magnet mechanisms are divided into single permanent magnet mechanisms and three permanent magnet mechanisms. The traditional single permanent magnet mechanism realizes manual closing by means of a spring mechanism plus a single permanent magnet mechanism. When closing, the mechanical energy stored in the spring is released to make the moving iron core move. When the moving iron core contacts the static iron core, it is kept in the closed position by the suction of the permanent magnet; when opening, the opening operation is quickly realized by the repulsion of the opening spring. This method has many structural parts and components and is difficult to install. Too many parts increase the mechanical failure rate of the system, and the debugging process of the mechanical characteristics of the equipment is also more troublesome. Because the three permanent magnet mechanism has a large closing force, it has high requirements for the rigidity of the mechanical device. The traditional mechanical device cannot achieve the closing speed requirements of the vacuum arc chamber, resulting in a vacancy in the three permanent magnet manual closing mechanism.

[0006] The operating principle of the magnetic control operating mechanism is similar to that of the permanent magnet mechanism. The difference is that its dynamic and static iron cores are made of new magnetic materials, which can be quickly magnetized and demagnetized. After magnetization, the characteristics are permanent magnetic materials, and after demagnetization, they become non-magnetic materials. When closing the circuit breaker, the positive current is injected into the mechanism coil to excite the mechanism. After the mechanism is attracted, the magnetic lines of force are closed, and the mechanism will remain in the attracted position and will not be released due to power failure. When opening the circuit breaker, it is only necessary to inject a small reverse current into the mechanism coil to demagnetize the mechanism. The circuit breaker relies on the repulsive force of the opening spring to quickly realize the opening operation. At this time, the mechanism material loses its magnetism. The traditional spring energy storage mechanism stores mechanical energy and cannot generate current to excite the magnetic control mechanism. Therefore, the magnetic control mechanism cannot achieve manual closing through the mechanical structure.

[0007] In summary, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of manual opening and closing operating mechanism to solve the defects of permanent magnet mechanism and magnetic control mechanism in manual opening and closing functions.

[0008] (2) Technical solution

[0009] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a new manual opening and closing operation mechanism for permanent magnet circuit breakers, permanent magnet ring network cabinets, magnetically controlled circuit breakers, and magnetically controlled ring network cabinets, the structure of which includes: manual energy storage and closing pressure rods, opening pressure rods, opening and closing position indications, ratchet mechanisms, reducers, generators, inverters, opening and closing drivers, high current relays, voltmeters or energy storage indications. The original spring energy storage mechanism is changed to a supercapacitor energy storage method, a small generator is added, and mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by human energy storage and stored in a supercapacitor, and precise opening and closing control is achieved through an opening and closing driver. The entire mechanism is realized by electric opening and closing with the permanent magnet and magnetically controlled mechanism, and there is no contact with the mechanical structure, which has no effect on the mechanical characteristics of the system, and debugging and installation will also become very simple. The present invention provides a new manual opening and closing operation function of a permanent magnet mechanism and a magnetically controlled mechanism, and has the following advantages: few parts, simple installation, convenient debugging, no effect on the mechanical characteristics of the equipment itself, and low later maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 It is a system block diagram of a novel manual opening and closing operating mechanism in the present invention;

[0011] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of a novel manual opening and closing operating mechanism in the present invention;

[0012] Figure 3 It is a program control flow chart of the novel manual opening and closing operating mechanism in the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0014] like Figure 1 The system block diagram of the present invention is shown, and the present invention includes: a human work unit, a solar power generation unit, a reducer, a generator, an inverter, an energy storage super capacitor, a voltmeter or an energy storage indicator, a switch-on and switch-off drive circuit, a switch-on and switch-off state detection circuit, and a permanent magnet mechanism. Power generation can obtain electric energy by human work or solar power generation. The human work unit converts the mechanical energy of pressing the energy storage rod into the kinetic energy of the reducer rotation. The reducer is used to convert a relatively low speed into a high speed to drive the generator to rotate at a high speed, thereby realizing stable power generation; the voltage output range supplied by solar energy or a generator is wide, and the stability is poor. After the output voltage is stabilized by the maximum power follower circuit, the small voltage signal is inverted into the required permanent magnet or magnetron drive voltage through the inverter. The commonly used drive voltages are: 110V, 220V and 380V. The inverter output voltage is stored in the supercapacitor. When the voltage reaches the required voltage, the circuit cuts off the inverter power supply. The current storage energy of the capacitor can be intuitively displayed through the voltmeter or the rotation of the servo for energy storage indication. The servo input power can be turned off by program control. After turning on the power, the position signal is output and the power is turned off after the servo reaches the specified position. The servo power is generally large. This method can reduce the system power consumption and improve the utilization rate of the capacitor energy. The opening and closing position state detection circuit is used to judge the actual position state of the switch to prevent abnormal opening and closing caused by misjudgment of the state. The opening and closing position state detection circuit uses a 2-way normally open point travel switch as the trigger signal. There are two ways to get the closing or opening signal. One is to trigger the opening and closing travel switch by the opening and closing pressure rod, and the other is to judge the voltage trend. By judging the energy storage voltage trend, the program control automatically judges whether the person has the intention to close the switch. When there is a closing or opening signal, the opening and closing position of the permanent magnet mechanism is first judged by the opening and closing drive circuit. If the position is correct, the opening and closing operation is performed.

[0015] like Figure 2Shown is the mechanical structure diagram of the new mechanism, which consists of an energy storage and closing pressure rod, a transmission shaft, a spring fixing pin, a shaft fixing end cover, a pressure rod reset spring, a shaft fixing pin, a pressure rod limit pin, an energy storage indicator, a ratchet mechanism, an energy storage supercapacitor, a maximum power following circuit, a generator, an inverter circuit, a closing and opening drive circuit and a reducer. The energy storage and closing pressure rod is installed on the transmission shaft, which is used to transmit human work to the energy storage shaft; the spring fixing pin is connected to the reset spring, which fixes one end of the spring; the shaft fixing end cover is used to fix the mechanism shaft on the box body, and the end cover and the shaft clearance are matched, and three O-rings are installed between them for waterproofing; one end of the pressure rod reset spring is connected to the spring fixing pin, and the other end is connected to the end of the shaft fixing pin, which is used to reset after the pressure rod is actuated; the shaft fixing pin is inserted in the center position of the transmission shaft, which is used to limit the rotation angle of the transmission shaft; there are two pressure rod limit pins, which are respectively installed on both sides of the shaft fixing pin, and are used to set the upper and lower limits of the rotation angle of the transmission shaft together with the shaft fixing pin; the energy storage indication uses a steering gear or a voltmeter. When the capacitor voltage gradually rises, the steering gear gradually rotates, and the voltmeter pointer gradually rotates, which is used to indicate the energy storage state, so that the operator can intuitively see the voltage value after the capacitor is stored in the energy; one end of the ratchet mechanism is connected to The transmission shaft is connected to the other end, and the reducer is connected to the other end, which is used to convert the reciprocating rotation of the pressure rod into intermittent motion in one direction; the energy storage supercapacitor stores the electrical energy generated by the generator, which is used to power the circuit and drive the permanent magnet and magnetron mechanism; the maximum power following circuit is connected to the generator, which is used to follow the maximum power point of the generator in real time to improve the power generation efficiency; the generator is connected to the output shaft of the reducer to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy; the inverter circuit is connected to the maximum power following circuit, which inverts the low voltage generated by the generator into high voltage to store it in the supercapacitor; the opening and closing drive circuit, one end of which is connected to the supercapacitor, and the other end is connected to the opening and closing coil of the permanent magnet or magnetron, which is used to control the opening and closing of the permanent magnet mechanism or magnetron mechanism; the input shaft of the reducer is connected to the ratchet mechanism, and the output shaft is connected to the generator, which converts the low-speed rotation of the input shaft into the high-speed rotation of the output shaft, so that the speed can reach the rated speed of the generator for stable operation. The energy storage workflow of the entire structure is as follows: first, manual work is performed to press the energy storage pressure rod, and the pressure rod moves from the upper limit position to the lower limit position. The pressure rod drives the transmission shaft to rotate, and the transmission shaft drives the ratchet mechanism to move. The ratchet drives the reducer to rotate, and the reducer drives the generator to rotate. The generator generates electricity and outputs power at the maximum power point. The inverter inverts the generated voltage into high voltage to charge the supercapacitor. After an energy storage operation is completed, the pressure rod reset spring pulls the pressure rod back to the upper limit position, completing an energy storage operation process.

[0016] like Figure 3 The following is a program control flow chart of the new manual opening and closing operating mechanism. The operating process of the new mechanism is quite different from that of the traditional spring operating mechanism. The main operating process includes the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Artificial energy storage, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and storing it in supercapacitors;

[0018] Step 2: Detect the capacitor voltage to determine whether it exceeds the set opening and closing voltage threshold;

[0019] Step 3: If the capacitor voltage does not exceed the opening and closing voltage threshold, continue the energy storage operation and return to step 2; if it exceeds, jump to step 4;

[0020] Step ④: Wait for the opening and closing position to be normal and wait for the opening and closing operation to be executed, and determine whether the capacitor voltage exceeds the overvoltage threshold. If it exceeds the overvoltage threshold, the energy storage circuit is turned off to prevent the system from being damaged by overvoltage. The human energy storage will not charge the capacitor again until the voltage is less than the overvoltage threshold and the charging circuit is restarted;

[0021] Step ⑤: The closing signal is triggered. There are two ways to trigger the closing signal. One is that the energy storage lever and the closing lever are separated. When the closing lever is pressed, the travel switch detects the manual closing signal and drives the closing operation circuit to realize the closing operation. The other way is that the energy storage lever and the closing lever use the same lever. When the energy is stored manually and the operation is continued, the voltage rising trend is judged by the program, so as to distinguish the intention of manual closing and realize the closing operation. For the magnetic control mechanism, the magnetic control material needs to be fully magnetized by the driving circuit when closing.

[0022] Step ⑥: Triggering of the opening signal. There are also two ways to trigger the opening signal. Compared with the closing signal, they are: one is a mechanism in which the energy storage pressure rod and the opening pressure rod are separated. When the opening pressure rod is pressed, the travel switch detects the manual opening signal and drives the opening operation circuit to realize the opening operation; the other way is that the energy storage pressure rod and the closing pressure rod use the same rod, and the opening pressure rod is configured with a pressure rod separately. The opening spring of the mechanism is used to realize the opening. The opening pressure rod is pulled by manpower to make it stressed, offsetting part of the permanent magnetic attraction, so that the mechanism cannot continue to maintain the attracted state, thereby using the instantaneous kinetic energy of the opening spring to open the mechanism. For the magnetic control mechanism, the magnetic control material needs to be demagnetized by the driving circuit when opening the gate;

[0023] Step 7: The program controls the open and close position locking. In the open state, the opening switch cannot be triggered, and in the closed state, the closing switch cannot be triggered, ensuring the stability of the mechanism operation.

Claims

1. A new manual operating mechanism for permanent magnet or magnetically controlled circuit breakers and ring network cabinets, comprising a switch-on and switch-off pressure rod, a spring fixing pin, a shaft fixing end cover, a pressure rod reset spring, a shaft fixing pin, a pressure rod limit pin, a mechanical energy storage indicator, a ratchet mechanism, and a reducer; characterized in that It includes the following equipment: power generation unit, opening and closing control drive unit, new manual opening and closing operating mechanism energy storage work flow and program control process.

2. The power generation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes a generator, a maximum power follower circuit, an inverter, and an energy storage super capacitor; the generator is characterized by an output voltage range of 0-300V, an output current range of 0-5A, and an output power range of 0-300W; the maximum power follower circuit is characterized by following the power change of the generator and following the maximum power point in real time, with an input voltage range of 0-300V, an output current range of 0-5A, and an output power range of 0-300W; the inverter is characterized by inverting a 0-100V DC voltage to DC110V, DC220V, and DC380V; the energy storage super capacitor is characterized by a capacity of 0-100000uF.

3. The opening and closing drive unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes a voltmeter energy storage indication or a servo drive energy storage indication, a permanent magnet or magnetically controlled opening and closing drive circuit, and an opening and closing position status detection switch; the voltmeter energy storage indication is characterized by a measuring voltage range of 0-450V; the servo energy storage indication is characterized by the input power supply being programmable and shutting down, and the actual rotation angle being 0-100°; the permanent magnet or magnetically controlled opening and closing drive circuit is characterized by: input voltage range: 0-380V, drive current less than 40A, and opening and closing time adjustable range: 0-1s; the opening and closing position status detection switch is characterized by a mechanical switch and contains 2 normally open contacts.

4. The energy storage process of the new manual opening and closing operating mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that Work is performed to press the energy storage pressure rod, and the pressure rod moves from the upper limit position to the lower limit position. The pressure rod drives the transmission shaft to rotate, the transmission shaft drives the ratchet mechanism to move, the ratchet drives the reducer to rotate, the reducer drives the generator to rotate, the generator generates electricity and outputs power at the maximum power point, the inverter inverts the generated voltage into high voltage to charge the supercapacitor, after one energy storage operation is completed, the pressure rod reset spring pulls the pressure rod back to the upper limit position, completing one energy storage operation process.

5. The program control process of the new manual opening and closing operating mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1: Artificial energy storage, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and storing it in supercapacitors; Step 2: Detect the capacitor voltage to determine whether it exceeds the set opening and closing voltage threshold; Step ③: If the capacitor voltage does not exceed the energy storage threshold, return to step ②; if it exceeds, jump to step ④; Step ④: Wait for the opening and closing position to be normal and wait for the opening and closing operation to be executed, and determine whether the capacitor voltage exceeds the overvoltage threshold. If it exceeds the voltage threshold, the energy storage circuit is turned off to prevent the system from being damaged by overvoltage. The human energy storage will not charge the capacitor again until the voltage is less than the overvoltage threshold and the charging circuit is restarted; Step ⑤: The closing signal is triggered. There are two ways to trigger the closing signal. One is that the energy storage lever and the closing lever are separated. When the closing lever is pressed, the travel switch detects the manual closing signal and drives the closing operation circuit to realize the closing operation. The other way is that the energy storage lever and the closing lever use the same lever. When the energy is stored manually and the operation is continued, the voltage rising trend is judged by the program, so as to distinguish the intention of manual closing and realize the closing operation. For the magnetic control mechanism, the magnetic control material needs to be fully magnetized by the driving circuit when closing. Step ⑥: The opening signal is triggered. There are also two ways to trigger the opening signal. Compared with the closing signal, they are: one is a mechanism in which the energy storage pressure rod and the opening pressure rod are separated. When the opening pressure rod is pressed, the travel switch detects the manual opening signal, thereby taking power from the opening operation circuit to realize the opening operation; the other method is that the energy storage pressure rod and the closing pressure rod use the same rod, and the opening pressure rod is configured with a pressure rod separately. The opening spring of the mechanism is used to realize the opening. The opening pressure rod is pulled by manpower to make it stressed, offsetting part of the magnetic attraction, so that the mechanism cannot continue to maintain the attracted state, thereby using the instantaneous kinetic energy of the opening spring to open the mechanism. For the magnetic control mechanism, the magnetic control material needs to be demagnetized by the driving circuit when opening the gate; Step 7: The program controls the open and close positions to lock. In the open state, the opening switch cannot be triggered, and in the closed state, the closing switch cannot be triggered.

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