Dual-polarized radiation unit, antenna and 5G communication base station

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a dual-polarized radiation unit, an antenna and a 5G communication base station, and the dual-polarized radiation unit comprises a dielectric substrate, a metal grounding plate, a first radiation patch, a first feed microstrip port, a second feed microstrip port, a supporting part and a second radiation patch. The second radiation patch is supported on the side, away from the dielectric substrate, of the first radiation patch through a supporting piece and is coupled with the first radiation patch, and the feed edge is provided with a notch located between the first feed microstrip port and the second feed microstrip port. According to the embodiment of the scheme, a double-layer radiation patch structure is adopted, the second radiation patch is coupled with the first radiation patch, and the notch is additionally formed in the feed side of one side of the first radiation patch, so that the current flow directions of the first feed microstrip port and the second feed microstrip port at the feed side can be changed, and the feed side can be changed; and the isolation degree between the first feed microstrip port and the second feed microstrip port is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular to a dual-polarization radiation unit, an antenna and a 5G communication base station. Background Art

[0002] In order to provide more efficient signal transmission, the antenna base station may generally adopt a dual-polarization antenna.

[0003] Dual-polarized antennas can receive and send signals in two polarization modes, so they can increase channel capacity and improve signal transmission efficiency. At present, dual-polarized antennas are widely used in 5G base stations. In 5G base stations, the difference from 4G base stations is that 4G base stations usually include an indoor baseband processing unit (Building Baseband unit, BBU), a radio remote unit (Radio Remote Unit, RRU) and an antenna system. In 5G base stations, in order to meet the requirements of the antenna system, the radio remote unit is integrated into the antenna system, thus occupying the space of the dual-polarized antenna, and the dual-polarized antenna is required to be miniaturized and lightweight.

[0004] Conventional dual-polarized antennas usually come in two types: balun-fed dipole antennas and directly-fed dual-polarized patch antennas. Among them, the balun-fed dipole antenna is coupled and fed through two L-shaped microstrip lines on two orthogonally placed PCBs. It has the characteristics of good bandwidth and isolation, but the antenna has a higher profile and heavier weight, which deviates from the requirements of miniaturized and lightweight antennas for 5G base stations. Compared with the balun-fed dipole antenna, the directly-fed dual-polarized patch antenna is smaller in size and lighter in weight, and can better meet the requirements of miniaturized and lightweight 5G base station antennas. However, as the antenna arrangement spacing decreases, the isolation of the dual-polarized patch antenna will also deteriorate, thereby affecting the signal transmission performance of the 5G base station. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a dual-polarized radiation unit, an antenna, and a 5G communication base station to solve the technical problems of low isolation and heavy weight of the antenna array. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a dual-polarization radiation unit, comprising:

[0007] dielectric substrate;

[0008] A metal ground plate, disposed on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate;

[0009] A first radiation patch, a first feeding microstrip port and a second feeding microstrip port are all arranged on the top surface of the dielectric substrate, one side of the first radiation patch has a feeding edge, and the first feeding microstrip port and the second feeding microstrip port are respectively electrically connected to different positions of the feeding edge;

[0010] Supports;

[0011] The second radiation patch is supported by the support member on a side of the first radiation patch away from the dielectric substrate, and is coupled with the first radiation patch; wherein

[0012] The feeding edge is provided with a gap located between the first feeding microstrip port and the second feeding microstrip port.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first radiation patch is a rectangular patch, the feeding edge is any rectangular edge of the outer edge of the rectangular patch, the first feeding microstrip port and the second feeding microstrip port are respectively located at two ends of the rectangular edge, and the notch is located at the midpoint of the rectangular edge.

[0014] In some embodiments, the notch is a semicircular notch.

[0015] In some embodiments, the phase center of the dual-polarized radiation unit antenna is vertically projected on the center of the rectangular patch, a central circular hole is provided at the center of the rectangular patch, one end of the support member passes through the central circular hole and is supported on the dielectric substrate.

[0016] In some embodiments, the support member is a metal support column, and the diameter of the central circular hole is larger than the outer diameter of the metal support column, so that the rectangular patch and the metal support column are separated from each other.

[0017] In some embodiments, the second radiation patch is provided with a plurality of weight-reducing circular holes, wherein the phase center of the dual-polarization radiation unit antenna is vertically projected onto the center of the second radiation patch, and the plurality of weight-reducing circular holes are arranged in a circle with equal phases around the center of the second radiation patch in at least one circle, and the apertures of the weight-reducing circular holes in each circle are the same.

[0018] In some embodiments, the plurality of weight-reducing circular holes are arranged in at least two circles along a circumference, and the diameter of the weight-reducing circular holes in each circle increases or remains unchanged from the inner circle to the outer circle.

[0019] In some embodiments, the second radiation patch is a rectangular oscillator made of aluminum alloy, and the four corners of the rectangular oscillator are cut;

[0020] The number of the weight-reducing circular holes in the outermost circle is 4, which are respectively located at the four corners of the rectangular vibrator.

[0021] In some embodiments, the metal ground plate is provided with a plurality of impedance matching circular holes, wherein the phase center of the dual-polarization radiating unit antenna is vertically projected onto the center of the metal ground plate, and the plurality of impedance matching circular holes are arranged in a circle with equal phases around the center of the metal ground plate in at least one circle, and the apertures of the impedance matching circular holes in each circle are the same.

[0022] In some embodiments, there is a preset distance between the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch, and the sizes of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch are different, so that the first radiation patch has a first resonant frequency, the second radiation patch has a second resonant frequency, and the difference between the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency is between 100 and 400 MHz.

[0023] In some embodiments, the first feeding microstrip port is a -45° polarized microstrip line, and the second feeding microstrip port is a +45° polarized microstrip line.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an antenna, comprising:

[0025] The dual-polarization radiating units are arranged in an array, and the dual-polarization radiating units are the dual-polarization radiating units mentioned above.

[0026] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a 5G communication base station, comprising:

[0027] The antenna mentioned above.

[0028] Beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention:

[0029] In the dual-polarized radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the metal ground plate is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate, the first radiation patch, the first feeding microstrip port and the second feeding microstrip port are all arranged on the top surface of the dielectric substrate, the second radiation patch is supported by the support member on the side of the first radiation patch away from the dielectric substrate, and is coupled with the first radiation patch, one side of the first radiation patch has a feeding edge, the first feeding microstrip port and the second feeding microstrip port are respectively electrically connected to different positions of the feeding edge, and the feeding edge is provided with a gap located between the first feeding microstrip port and the second feeding microstrip port. Compared with the prior art solution, since the embodiment of the present solution adopts a double-layer radiation patch structure, the second radiation patch is supported by the support member on the side of the first radiation patch away from the dielectric substrate, the second radiation patch is coupled with the first radiation patch, and a gap is added to the feeding edge on one side of the first radiation patch, which can change the first feeding microstrip port and the second feeding microstrip port, the current flow direction at the feeding edge, and increase the isolation between the first feeding microstrip port and the second feeding microstrip port.

[0030] Of course, it is not necessary to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time to implement any product or method of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other embodiments can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an axonometric structure of a dual-polarized radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a side cross-sectional structure of a dual-polarized radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized radiation unit metal ground plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a first radiation patch of a dual-polarized radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a second radiation patch of a dual-polarized radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the antenna characteristic curve of the dual-polarized radiation unit of the simulation embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 The horizontal plane radiation pattern of the dual-polarized radiation unit of the simulation embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 The vertical plane pattern of the dual-polarized radiation unit of the simulation embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a 5G communication base station provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0042] Dielectric substrate 10, metal ground plate 20, impedance matching circular hole 21, first radiation patch 30, first feeding microstrip port 301, second feeding microstrip port 302, feeding edge 303, notch 31, center circular hole 32, support 40, second radiation patch 50, weight reduction circular hole 51, first circle weight reduction circular hole 511, second circle weight reduction circular hole 512, third circle weight reduction circular hole 513, fourth circle weight reduction circular hole 514, fifth circle weight reduction circular hole 515, sixth circle weight reduction circular hole 516, active antenna unit 110, antenna 111, concentrated unit 120, distributed unit 130. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on this application belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Today, base station systems use polarization diversity to increase channel capacity. In order to achieve miniaturization and lightweight, existing base station antennas reduce the number of antenna radiating elements or reduce the spacing between antenna radiating elements, but this will lead to increased coupling between antennas, thereby affecting antenna performance and mutual interference between systems. In the field of base station antennas, large-scale antenna array systems are considered to be the most promising transmission technology for future 5G. However, the reduction in antenna arrangement spacing that comes with miniaturization will deteriorate antenna isolation and affect the performance of the antenna array. Therefore, improving the isolation of radiating elements has become part of antenna miniaturization research.

[0045] At the same time, in order to enhance the directivity of the signal and improve the antenna gain, the antenna units need to be arrayed. However, large-scale antenna arrays will increase the overall weight of the antenna, which is not conducive to lightweight. At present, there are generally two methods for antenna array dual-polarization radiating units: one is a dipole antenna covered with copper on a PCB, which is fed by a balun; the other is a patch antenna, which uses direct feeding. Balun feeding uses L-shaped microstrip lines on two orthogonally placed PCBs to couple and feed the dipole antenna inserted above, while direct feeding is directly connected to the patch antenna through the microstrip line on the dielectric substrate. Balun feeding has high polarization purity, wide bandwidth and good isolation, but the antenna has a high profile, heavy weight, complex manufacturing and high cost. The direct feeding method saves space, has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and is conducive to miniaturization, but has low isolation and narrow bandwidth. The dipole antenna fed by balun has the problems of high profile, large volume, heavy weight, complex structure and high cost because it is spliced ​​from multiple PCB boards. In comparison, directly fed patch antennas have simpler structures, smaller sizes, and lower costs, but they have poorer isolation and narrower bandwidth.

[0046] Embodiment 1

[0047] Antenna isolation can be used to evaluate the degree of mutual interference between different antenna feed ports, usually in decibels (dB). This embodiment provides a dual-polarized radiating unit with a simple structure, low profile height, high isolation, and small projected area, which can be applied to dual-polarized antenna arrays, especially for 5G communication base stations.

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an axonometric structure of a dual-polarized radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a side cross-sectional structure of a dual-polarized radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a dual-polarization radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: a dielectric substrate 10 , a metal ground plate 20 , a first radiation patch 30 , a first feeding microstrip port 301 , a second feeding microstrip port 302 , a support member 40 and a second radiation patch 50 .

[0049] The metal ground plate 20 is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 10. The first radiation patch 30, the first feeding microstrip port 301 and the second feeding microstrip port 302 are all arranged on the top surface of the dielectric substrate 10. One side of the first radiation patch 30 has a feeding edge 303, and the first feeding microstrip port 301 and the second feeding microstrip port 302 are electrically connected to different positions of the feeding edge 303 respectively. The second radiation patch 50 is supported by the support member 40 on the side of the first radiation patch 30 away from the dielectric substrate 10, and is coupled with the first radiation patch 30. The feeding edge 303 is provided with a notch 31 located between the first feeding microstrip port 301 and the second feeding microstrip port 302.

[0050] In the dual-polarized radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the metal ground plate 20 is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 10, the first radiation patch 30, the first feeding microstrip port 301 and the second feeding microstrip port 302 are all arranged on the top surface of the dielectric substrate 10, the second radiation patch 50 is supported by the support member 40 on the side of the first radiation patch 30 away from the dielectric substrate 10, and is coupled with the first radiation patch 30, one side of the first radiation patch 30 has a feeding edge 303, the first feeding microstrip port 301 and the second feeding microstrip port 302 are respectively electrically connected at different positions of the feeding edge 303, and the feeding edge 303 is provided with a notch 31 located between the first feeding microstrip port 301 and the second feeding microstrip port 302. Compared with the prior art solutions, since the embodiment of the solution adopts a double-layer radiation patch structure, the second radiation patch 50 is supported on the side of the first radiation patch 30 away from the dielectric substrate 10 through the support 40, the second radiation patch 50 is coupled with the first radiation patch 30, and a notch 31 is added to the feeding edge 303 on one side of the first radiation patch 30, which can change the first feeding microstrip port 301 and the second feeding microstrip port 302, and the current flow direction at the feeding edge 303, thereby increasing the isolation between the first feeding microstrip port 301 and the second feeding microstrip port 302.

[0051] The dielectric substrate 10 is made of insulating material and can be a PCB board with a flat structure. The dielectric substrate 10 has a top surface and a bottom surface, and the top surface and the bottom surface are arranged relative to each other. Among them, the electrical performance of the dielectric substrate 10 is mainly determined by its thickness, dielectric constant and loss tangent parameter. In practical applications, according to the actual needs of the dual-polarization radiation unit, a dielectric substrate 10 with different electrical performance parameters can be selected, so that the performance of the dual-polarization radiation unit can be optimized according to specific circumstances. The shape of the dielectric substrate 10 can adopt a polygonal structure such as a circle, a square, a rectangle, etc.

[0052] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-polarized radiation unit metal ground plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the metal ground plate 20 is the grounding end of the dual-polarized radiation unit, can be made of metal material, and covers the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 10, and the outer edge of the metal ground plate 20 is aligned with the outer edge of the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 10. The shape of the metal ground plate 20 can match the shape of the dielectric substrate 10, and can adopt a polygonal structure such as a circle, a square, a rectangle, etc., which can be determined according to the antenna radiation performance required by the dual-polarized radiation unit.

[0053] See also Figure 3As shown, the thickness, size and shape of the metal ground plate 20 can affect the impedance matching of the dual-polarization radiating unit. Among them, the impedance matching of the dual-polarization radiating unit (that is, the impedance matching of the antenna) is very important. Good impedance matching can maximize the transmission of energy, reduce reflection loss, and maintain a wider bandwidth. In the case of impedance mismatch of the dual-polarization radiating unit, part of the signal will be reflected and lost, resulting in signal loss and waveform distortion, which will limit the bandwidth of the antenna. Therefore, impedance matching is crucial to ensure a wider bandwidth. In order to better ensure impedance matching, the dual-polarization radiating unit provided in the embodiment of the present scheme can be provided with a plurality of impedance matching circular holes 21 in the metal ground plate 20 in this embodiment, wherein the phase center of the dual-polarization radiating unit antenna is vertically projected on the center of the metal ground plate 20, and the plurality of impedance matching circular holes 21 are arranged at least one circle in an equal phase with the center of the metal ground plate 20, and the aperture of the impedance matching circular holes 21 in each circle is the same. Among them, the antenna phase center refers to the position where the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the dual-polarization radiating unit is most concentrated when the electromagnetic wave propagates in space.

[0054] See also Figure 3 As shown, the dual-polarized radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present scheme can effectively adjust the impedance matching of the dual-polarized radiation unit and expand the bandwidth of the dual-polarized radiation unit by providing a plurality of impedance matching circular holes 21 on the metal ground plate 20. In addition, since the plurality of impedance matching circular holes 21 are vertically projected on the center of the metal ground plate 20 with the phase center of the dual-polarized radiation unit antenna and are arranged circumferentially with equal phases, the radiation performance of the dual-polarized radiation unit is less affected. In a specific implementation, the metal ground plate 20 can be made of metal material, for example, made of copper material. In an implementation, it can be prepared on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 10 PCB board by copper coating. The metal ground plate 20 can adopt a relatively regular shape, such as a square. A circle of impedance matching circular holes 21 is adopted, and the number of impedance matching circular holes 21 can be 4. The 4 impedance matching circular holes 21 are respectively located at the 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° phases of the square metal ground plate 20, which has little effect on the directional radiation performance of the dual-polarized radiation unit, and the radiation performance of the dual-polarized radiation unit is better.

[0055] On the other hand, during the operation of the dual-polarized radiation unit, while the first radiation patch 30 couples with the second radiation patch 50, there is also a certain coupling phenomenon between the first radiation patch 30 and the metal ground plate 20. The multiple impedance matching circular holes 21 provided in the metal ground plate 20 can be regarded as some "defects" of the metal ground plate 20, and their existence can reduce the coupling phenomenon between the first radiation patch 30 and the metal ground plate 20. Since the total coupling energy of the first radiation patch 30 is unchanged, by reducing the coupling with the metal ground plate 20, the coupling ability between the first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50 can be improved. In this way, the antenna radiation performance of the entire dual-polarized radiation unit will be improved.

[0056] Figure 4 For a structural diagram of a first radiation patch of a dual-polarized radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the first radiation patch 30 can be made of metal material, for example, made of copper material. In implementation, it can be prepared on the top surface of the dielectric substrate 10 PCB board by copper coating. The shape of the first radiation patch 30 can be a polygonal structure such as a circle, a square, a rectangle, etc. In implementation, taking the first radiation patch 30 as a rectangular patch as an example, the feeding edge 303 is any rectangular edge of the outer edge of the rectangular patch, the first feeding microstrip port 301 and the second feeding microstrip port 302 are respectively located at the two ends of the rectangular edge, and the notch 31 is located at the midpoint of the rectangular edge, so that on the feeding edge 303 of the first radiation patch 30, the distance between the first feeding microstrip port 301 and the notch 31 is equal to the distance between the second feeding microstrip port 302 and the notch 31. The dual-polarization radiation unit can affect the directivity of the radiation of the dual-polarization radiation unit as little as possible during operation.

[0057] The shape of the notch 31 can be a notch of a polygonal structure such as a circle, a triangle, or a rectangle. In a specific implementation, the current path flowing through the circular notch and the polygonal notch will have different effects on the radiation performance of the dual-polarized radiation unit, which can be selected according to the specific radiation requirements of the dual-polarized radiation unit.

[0058] In the implementation, when a notch with a polygonal structure such as a triangle or rectangle is selected, the current will form multiple branches around the polygonal notch, and these branches will interfere with each other, thus having a greater impact on the antenna radiation direction of the dual-polarized radiating unit. When a circular notch is selected, when the current path flows through the circular notch, a circular current path will be formed around the circular notch, which has less impact on the antenna radiation direction of the dual-polarized radiating unit. Figure 4 As shown, the dual-polarization radiation unit notch 31 in this embodiment is a semicircular notch.

[0059] See also Figure 2 As shown, the support member 40 plays a role in supporting the second radiation patch 50, so that there is a preset distance between the first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50, so that the first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50 are coupled. Among them, the parameter of the preset distance needs to be determined according to the radiation performance required by the dual-polarization radiation unit. In implementation, the support member 40 can be made of non-conductive material, and the two ends of the support member 40 can be supported on the first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50 respectively.

[0060] In addition, in practice, the support member 40 is not limited to being supported on the first radiation patch 30. Figure 4 As shown, for example, taking the first radiation patch 30 as a rectangular patch, the phase center of the dual-polarized radiation unit antenna is vertically projected on the center of the rectangular patch, a central circular hole 32 is provided at the center of the rectangular patch, one end of the support member 40 passes through the central circular hole 32 and is supported on the dielectric substrate 10. In this embodiment, since the central circular hole 32 is provided at the center of the rectangular patch, the dual-polarized radiation unit will increase the current path on the rectangular patch during operation, thereby improving the bandwidth and gain of the antenna. When the current path flows through the edge of the circular central circular hole, a circular current path is formed at the edge of the central circular hole, which has little effect on the antenna radiation direction of the dual-polarized radiation unit.

[0061] In addition, in the implementation, the support member 40 is not limited to being made of non-conductive materials. In order to improve the strength of the dual-polarized radiation unit, the material of the support member 40 can also be made of metal material. The support member 40 is a metal support column. The metal support column can be a solid metal column or a hollow metal column. In the implementation, when the support member 40 is a metal support column, Figure 4 As shown, the aperture of the central circular hole 32 is larger than the outer diameter of the metal support column, so that the rectangular patch and the metal support column are separated from each other. The top of the metal support column can be welded to the second radiation patch 50, or it can be fixedly connected by bolts. The bottom of the metal support column can be fixedly connected to the dielectric substrate 10 by bolts. Alternatively, a solder pad is added to the dielectric substrate 10, and the bottom of the metal support column can also be connected to the dielectric substrate 10 by welding. With this connection method, the support member 40 can be made of metal material. While strengthening the overall structural strength of the dual-polarized radiation unit, it can also avoid electrical connection between the metal support column and the first radiation patch 30, and prevent the first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50 from being short-circuited through the metal support column, which affects the radiation performance of the dual-polarized radiation unit.

[0062] In the patch antennas of the related art, the patch antennas mostly use an integral die-cast metal vibrator, which is a whole metal plate structure. The array antenna composed of metal vibrators of the whole metal plate structure is heavy, which is not conducive to lightweight. In the relevant preparation process of the metal vibrator, in order to reduce the weight of the metal vibrator, if an asymmetric structure such as a whole large-area hollow triangle, rectangle or irregular polygon is opened on the metal vibrator, it will have a great impact on the current path on the surface of the metal vibrator, causing the radiation performance of the dual-polarization radiation unit to drop significantly. The dual-polarization radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, during implementation, Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a second radiation patch of a dual-polarized radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, the second radiation patch 50 is provided with a plurality of weight-reducing circular holes 51, wherein the phase center of the dual-polarization radiation unit antenna is vertically projected onto the center of the second radiation patch 50, and the plurality of weight-reducing circular holes 51 are arranged equiphasely in a circle at least one circle around the center of the second radiation patch 50, and the apertures of the weight-reducing circular holes 51 in each circle are the same. The second radiation patch 50 adopts a circular shape with multiple small-area hollowings, and is regularly arranged with equal phases. The second radiation patch 50 of this embodiment still maintains a high degree of symmetry, and has very little effect on the current trend on the vibrator surface. Therefore, while reducing the weight, the original radiation performance of the dual-polarization radiation unit is still well maintained.

[0063] like Figure 5 As shown, specifically, from the inner circle to the outer circle, the circumference of the circle will gradually increase. In practice, a larger aperture is used in the outer circle, and a smaller aperture is used in the inner circle. That is, a plurality of weight-reducing circular holes 51 are arranged in at least two circles according to the circumference, and the aperture of the weight-reducing circular holes 51 in each circle increases or remains unchanged in the direction from the inner circle to the outer circle. That is, from the inner circle to the outer circle, the aperture of the weight-reducing circular holes 51 in two adjacent circles can increase or remain unchanged. Then, in the second radiation patch 50 of equal area, the opening area can be increased as much as possible to reduce the weight of the second radiation patch 50.

[0064] like Figure 5As shown, the second radiation patch 50 can be made of metal material to form a metal vibrator. For example, it is made of aluminum alloy material to form an aluminum alloy vibrator. The shape of the second radiation patch 50 can be a polygonal structure such as a circle, a square, or a rectangle. The shape of the second radiation patch 50 and the first radiation patch 30 can be the same or different, depending on the required radiation characteristics of the dual-polarization radiation unit. In implementation, it can be machined from a whole piece of metal sheet, or it can be integrally formed into a metal vibrator with an opening by casting. Specifically, the second radiation patch 50 can adopt a more regular shape, and the second radiation patch 50 is a rectangular vibrator made of aluminum alloy, and the four corners of the rectangular vibrator are chamfered. The number of the weight-reducing circular holes 51 in the outermost circle is 4, which are respectively located at the four corners of the rectangular vibrator.

[0065] In implementation, the dual-polarized radiation unit of the embodiment of the present invention, the first radiation patch 30 and the dielectric substrate 10 can be formed by a single-layer substrate PCB copper cladding, and the second radiation patch 50 can be an integrally formed aluminum alloy vibrator, which has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and has a low cost, and is suitable for mass production.

[0066] The bandwidth of the dual-polarized radiation unit is an important working parameter, which limits the working frequency range of the antenna. In the related art, the method of extending the antenna bandwidth usually adopts the implementation methods such as designing slot feeding of the multi-layer dielectric substrate 10, increasing the size of the antenna or adding parasitic patches. However, these methods will greatly increase the size or weight of the antenna.

[0067] In the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present scheme, in order to further improve the bandwidth of the dual-polarized radiation unit, a preset distance is provided between the first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50, and the sizes of the first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50 are different, so that the first radiation patch 30 has a first resonant frequency, the second radiation patch 50 has a second resonant frequency, and the difference between the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency is between 100 and 400 MHz.

[0068] The bandwidth of the dual-polarized radiation unit is between the first frequency and the second frequency, so as to satisfy that the return loss of the dual-polarized radiation unit is below the required value, and the resonant frequencies of the first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50 can be adjusted by designing the sizes of the first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50 and the preset distance between the first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50, so that the first radiation patch 30 has a first resonant frequency and the second radiation patch 50 has a second resonant frequency. The first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency are both between the first frequency and the second frequency. By adjusting the size of the first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50, the preset distance between the first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50 is gradually approached, and when the operating frequency of the dual-polarization radiation unit is between the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency, the maximum return loss value of the dual-polarization radiation unit is less than the required value (for example, the required value is -15dB), and the difference between the required value and the maximum return loss value is between 0-5dB, and the bandwidth of the dual-polarization radiation unit is large. At this time, the difference between the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency can be between 100 and 400Mhz. In implementation, the difference between the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency can be preferably within 100 to 300Mhz, and 200Mhz has the best effect.

[0069] In contrast, the dual-polarized radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention can make the two resonant frequencies close to each other by adjusting the distance between the first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50, and the shapes of the first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50, thereby effectively expanding the bandwidth. The dual-polarized radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention is simple and effective, and does not significantly increase the size or weight of the antenna.

[0070] Compared with the 5G antenna radiation unit in the related art, the dual-polarization radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention has a comparable or smaller radiation unit size, but its bandwidth can be extended to the low frequency by 100 MHz, thereby improving the bandwidth of the dual-polarization radiation unit.

[0071] like Figure 1As shown, the first feeding microstrip port 301 and the second feeding microstrip port 302 are both microstrip lines, and the two microstrip lines are electrically connected to different positions of the feeding edge 303. The first radiating patch 30 adopts a direct feeding method and is electrically connected to the first feeding microstrip port 301 and the second feeding microstrip port 302. The electrical signals of the first feeding microstrip port 301 and the second feeding microstrip port 302 directly feed the first radiating patch 30. At the same time, through coupling, the first radiating patch 30 feeds the second radiating patch 50, so that the first radiating patch 30 and the second radiating patch 50 can both achieve dual polarization. Specifically, the first feeding microstrip port 301 is a -45° polarized microstrip line, and the second feeding microstrip port 302 is a +45° polarized microstrip line, so that the first radiating patch 30 and the second radiating patch 50 can both achieve mutually orthogonal dual polarization. In the embodiment of the present solution, since the isolation of the dual-polarization radiation unit is relatively high, when the dual-polarization radiation is working, the radiation signal in one polarization direction has less interference with the radiation signal in another polarization direction.

[0072] Simulation Example

[0073] According to the dual-polarized radiation unit provided in the above embodiment, in this simulation embodiment, electromagnetic simulation software is used to simulate the antenna structure. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the dielectric substrate 10 and the metal ground plate 20 both adopt a regular rectangular structure. The first radiation patch 30 and the second radiation patch 50 adopt a regular square structure. The center of the dielectric substrate 10, the center of the metal ground plate 20, the center of the first radiation patch 30, and the center of the second radiation patch 50 are on the same straight line.

[0074] The dielectric substrate 10 is a rectangular plate with a dielectric constant of 3 and a loss tangent of 0.0031.

[0075] like Figure 3 As shown, the outer dimensions of the metal grounding plate 20 are the same as those of the dielectric substrate 10. The metal grounding plate 20 covers the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 10, and the outer edge of the metal grounding plate 20 is aligned with the outer edge of the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 10. The metal grounding plate 20 is provided with four impedance matching circular holes 21, the radius of the impedance matching circular holes 21 is 1.7 mm, the straight-line distance between two adjacent grooves is 14 mm, and the four impedance matching circular holes 21 are respectively close to the four corners of the metal grounding plate 20, and the distribution phase difference is 90°. The impedance matching circular holes 21 and the dielectric substrate together form a groove-shaped structure.

[0076] like Figure 4As shown, the size of the first radiation patch 30 is 22.8mm (side length) × 22.8mm (side length) × 0.035mm (thickness), the radius of the central circular hole 32 is 3.6mm, and the notch 31 of the feeding side is a semicircular notch with a radius of 1.5mm. The central circular hole 32, the semicircular notch and the dielectric substrate together form a groove-shaped structure.

[0077] The first feeding microstrip port 301 and the second feeding microstrip port 302 are microstrip lines, respectively connecting two ends of a rectangular side of the first radiation patch 30 .

[0078] like Figure 2 As shown, the support member 40 is a metal support column with a height of 4.8 mm. One end of the support member 40 supports the dielectric substrate 10 , and the other end supports the second radiation patch 50 .

[0079] like Figure 5 As shown, the second radiation patch 50 is a square aluminum alloy vibrator with a size of 34.2 mm (side length) × 34.2 mm (side length) × 0.4 mm (thickness). The four corners of the square aluminum alloy vibrator are cut, and the length of the cut corners is 2 mm. The multiple weight-reducing circular holes 51 of the square aluminum alloy vibrator are arranged in a circle with equal phases in six circles at the center of the square aluminum alloy vibrator, and from the inner circle to the outer circle, they include: the first circle of weight-reducing circular holes 511, the second circle of weight-reducing circular holes 512, the third circle of weight-reducing circular holes 513, the fourth circle of weight-reducing circular holes 514, the fifth circle of weight-reducing circular holes 515 and the sixth circle of weight-reducing circular holes 516. The aperture of each circle of weight-reducing circular holes 51 increases or remains unchanged in the direction from the inner circle to the outer circle. The aperture of the weight-reducing circular holes 51 in each circle is the same.

[0080] like Figure 5 As shown, the first circle of weight-reducing circular holes 511 has a radius of 3 mm at the center of the square aluminum alloy vibrator, a distributed phase difference of 30°, and a radius of 0.6 mm; the second circle of weight-reducing circular holes 512 has a radius of 5 mm at the center of the square aluminum alloy vibrator, a distributed phase difference of 30°, and a radius of 1 mm; the third circle of weight-reducing circular holes 513 has a radius of 7.6 mm at the center of the square aluminum alloy vibrator, a distributed phase difference of 18°, and a radius of 1 mm; the fourth circle of weight-reducing circular holes 514 has a radius of 10.8 mm at the center of the square aluminum alloy vibrator, a distributed phase difference of 12°, and a radius of 1 mm; the fifth circle of weight-reducing circular holes 515 has a radius of 14 mm at the center of the square aluminum alloy vibrator, a distributed phase difference of 18°, and a radius of 1.6 mm; the sixth circle of weight-reducing circular holes 516 has a radius of 18.8 mm at the center of the square aluminum alloy vibrator, a distributed phase difference of 90°, and a radius of 3 mm; and the sixth circle of weight-reducing circular holes 516 are respectively located at the four corners of the rectangular vibrator.

[0081] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the antenna characteristic curve of the dual-polarized radiation unit of the simulation embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 6 As shown, S1,1 is the return loss curve of the dual-polarization radiating unit, and S2,1 is the isolation curve of the dual-polarization radiating unit. At point 1 of the return loss curve, the operating frequency of the dual-polarization radiating unit is 3.3 GHz, and the return loss is -17.665 dB. At point 2 of the return loss curve, the operating frequency of the dual-polarization radiating unit is 3.6 GHz, and the return loss is -17.009 dB. Between the operating frequencies of 3.3 GHz and 3.6 GHz, the return loss requirement of less than -15 dB can be met.

[0082] like Figure 6 As shown, at the 3-point position of the isolation curve, the operating frequency of the dual-polarized radiation unit is at 3.374 GHz, and the isolation is -23.588 dB. At the 4-point position of the isolation curve, the operating frequency of the dual-polarized radiation unit is at 3.5 GHz, and the isolation is -28.38 dB. Between the operating frequencies of 3.3 GHz and 3.6 GHz, the isolation can be as high as -23 dB.

[0083] In the simulation embodiment, the metal ground plate 20 is provided with a plurality of impedance matching circular holes 21, which effectively adjusts the impedance matching of the dual-polarization radiating unit and extends the impedance bandwidth of the dual-polarization radiating unit by about 30MHz. Since the dual-polarization radiating unit is a relatively symmetrical structure as a whole, such circular grooves will not significantly affect the original radiation effect. The bandwidth of the patch antenna of the related technology cannot fully cover 3.3GHz-3.6GHz. In the simulation embodiment of this scheme, the use of the "defective" metal ground plate 20 can further improve the impedance matching of the antenna and increase the bandwidth by 30MHz, so that the working bandwidth of the antenna is 3.3GHz-3.6GHz.

[0084] Figure 7 It is the horizontal plane radiation pattern of the dual-polarized radiation unit of the simulation embodiment of the present invention, and phi=90° may be the magnetic field cross section. Figure 8 It is the vertical plane radiation pattern of the dual-polarization radiation unit of the simulation embodiment of the present invention, and phi=0° may be the electric field cross section.

[0085] See also Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, when the operating frequency of the dual-polarization radiating unit is at 3.5 GHz, the main lobe gain of the dual-polarization radiating unit can reach 8.44 dBi, and the beam width (3 dB) is above 65°.

[0086] The dual-polarized radiation unit of the simulation embodiment has good radiation performance, high isolation, operating frequency, and gain, and can meet application requirements.

[0087] At the same time, in this simulation embodiment, the hollow area of ​​the second radiation patch aluminum alloy vibrator reaches 41.4% of its total area. Under the premise of maintaining the antenna performance well, the projection area of ​​the aluminum alloy vibrator is effectively reduced, thereby achieving the lightweight of the dual-polarization radiation unit.

[0088] The embodiment of the present invention provides a 5G dual-polarization radiation unit, wherein the dual-polarization radiation unit utilizes the notch on the feeding edge of the first radiation patch to improve the isolation, and utilizes the central circular hole of the first radiation patch to improve the bandwidth and gain. A plurality of weight-reducing circular holes are provided on the second radiation patch to achieve lightweighting of the dual-polarization radiation unit. A plurality of impedance matching circular holes and resonant frequencies close to the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch are provided on the metal ground plate to improve the bandwidth of the dual-polarization radiation unit. Compared with the traditional dipole radiation unit, the dual-polarization radiation unit has a simpler structure, a lower profile, and a smaller volume, which is conducive to miniaturization of the antenna. Compared with the traditional patch radiation unit, the dual-polarization radiation unit has higher isolation and lighter weight, and its bandwidth covers 3300-3600MHz, which effectively achieves lightweighting with good performance and has high practical value.

[0089] Embodiment 2

[0090] An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, comprising: dual-polarization radiating units arranged in an array, wherein the dual-polarization radiating units are any one of the dual-polarization radiating units in the above embodiments.

[0091] There are multiple dual-polarized radiation units, and the multiple dual-polarized radiation units are arrayed according to a certain pattern to form the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention. The pattern of the array can be that multiple dual-polarized radiation units are arrayed in a straight line or a plane, etc. Different regular arrays can be selected according to different use environments of the antenna.

[0092] The antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a high isolation of the dual-polarized radiation unit, which makes up for the disadvantage of low isolation of the traditional patch antenna itself. At the same time, the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also be used in a miniaturized environment, and the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention can overcome the problem of reduced isolation after the antenna is miniaturized.

[0093] Embodiment 3

[0094] Fig. 9 A structural diagram of a 5G communication base station provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Fig. 9As shown, a 5G communication base station provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: the antenna 111 of the above embodiment. The antenna 111 can be used to constitute an active antenna unit 110 (Active Antenna Unit, AAU) of a 5G communication base station, and used in conjunction with a centralized unit 120 (Centralized Unit, CU) and a distributed unit 130 (Distribute Unit, DU) of the 5G communication base station.

[0095] The 5G communication base station provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of high isolation, light weight, high bandwidth, simple structure, low profile and small size.

[0096] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0097] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a related manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-polarization radiation unit, characterized in that: include: A dielectric substrate (10); A metal grounding plate (20) is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate (10); A first radiation patch (30), a first feeding microstrip port (301) and a second feeding microstrip port (302) are all arranged on the top surface of the dielectric substrate (10); one side of the first radiation patch (30) has a feeding edge (303); the first feeding microstrip port (301) and the second feeding microstrip port (302) are respectively electrically connected to different positions of the feeding edge (303); Support member (40); The second radiation patch (50) is supported on a side of the first radiation patch (30) away from the dielectric substrate (10) through the support member (40) to form a coupling with the first radiation patch (30); wherein The feeding edge (303) is provided with a notch (31) located between the first feeding microstrip port (301) and the second feeding microstrip port (302).

2. The dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first radiation patch (30) is a rectangular patch, the feeding edge (303) is any rectangular edge of the outer edge of the rectangular patch, the first feeding microstrip port and the second feeding microstrip port are respectively located at two ends of the rectangular edge, and the notch (31) is located at the midpoint of the rectangular edge.

3. The dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The notch (31) is a semicircular notch.

4. The dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The phase center of the dual-polarized radiation unit antenna is vertically projected onto the center of the rectangular patch, a central circular hole (32) is provided at the center of the rectangular patch, and one end of the support member (40) passes through the central circular hole (32) and is supported on the dielectric substrate (10).

5. The dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support member (40) is a metal support column, and the diameter of the central circular hole (32) is larger than the outer diameter of the metal support column, so that the rectangular patch and the metal support column are separated from each other.

6. The dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second radiation patch (50) is provided with a plurality of weight-reducing circular holes (51), wherein the phase center of the dual-polarization radiation unit antenna is vertically projected onto the center of the second radiation patch (50), and the plurality of weight-reducing circular holes (51) are arranged in a circle with equal phases around the center of the second radiation patch (50) in at least one circle, and the apertures of the weight-reducing circular holes (51) in each circle are the same.

7. The dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The plurality of weight-reducing circular holes (51) are arranged in at least two circles along a circumference, and the diameters of the weight-reducing circular holes (51) in each circle increase or remain unchanged in a direction from the inner circle to the outer circle.

8. The dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second radiation patch (50) is a rectangular oscillator made of aluminum alloy, and the four corners of the rectangular oscillator are cut; The number of the weight-reducing circular holes (51) in the outermost circle is 4, which are respectively located at the four corners of the rectangular vibrator.

9. The dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal grounding plate (20) is provided with a plurality of impedance matching circular holes (21), wherein the phase center of the dual-polarization radiation unit antenna is vertically projected onto the center of the metal grounding plate (20), and the plurality of impedance matching circular holes (21) are arranged in a circle with equal phases around the center of the metal grounding plate (20) in at least one circle, and the apertures of the impedance matching circular holes (21) in each circle are the same.

10. The dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a preset distance between the first radiation patch (30) and the second radiation patch (50), and the first radiation patch (30) and the second radiation patch (50) have different sizes, so that the first radiation patch (30) has a first resonant frequency, the second radiation patch (50) has a second resonant frequency, and the difference between the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency is between 100 and 400 MHz.

11. The dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first feeding microstrip port (301) is a -45° polarized microstrip line, and the second feeding microstrip port (302) is a +45° polarized microstrip line.

12. An antenna, characterized in that: include: The dual-polarization radiating units are arranged in an array, and the dual-polarization radiating units are the dual-polarization radiating units described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A 5G communication base station, characterized in that: include: The antenna (111) as claimed in claim 12.

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