5G millimeter wave phased array antenna unit and antenna array based on MIMO technology

Abstract

The invention relates to a 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna unit and antenna array based on MIMO technology, the antenna unit comprises a dielectric resonance block, a dielectric substrate, a floor, a microstrip line and a coupling slot, the floor is laid on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate is provided with the coupling slot, the dielectric resonance block is fixed above the coupling slot, and the microstrip line is fixed above the dielectric resonance block. The microstrip line extends from the dielectric substrate to the coupling gap to be coupled with the dielectric resonance block, and the dielectric resonance block is subjected to corner cutting processing to form a hexagonal prism structure. The medium resonance blocks are subjected to corner cutting treatment, the coupling area between the antenna units can be reduced under the condition that the working modes of the antenna units are not affected by corner cutting, large-range coverage with the three-dimensional scanning angles of + / -60 degrees and + / -100 degrees is achieved, and the application prospect is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antennas, and in particular to a 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna unit and an antenna array based on MIMO technology. Background Art

[0002] Strictly speaking, millimeter wave (mm-Wave) refers to electromagnetic waves with a wavelength between 1 and 10 mm and a frequency range of 30GHz-300GHz. Generally speaking, the definition of millimeter wave is not very precise, and it is generally believed that the frequency range of millimeter wave is 26.5-300GHz. As early as 2015, the Federal Communications Commission of the United States took the lead in planning four frequency bands of 28GHz, 37GHz, 39GHz and 64-71GHz as the recommended frequency bands for 5G millimeter wave in the United States. According to the provisions of the 3GPP38.101 protocol, 5GNR mainly uses two frequency bands: FR1 band and FR2 band. The frequency range of FR1 band is 450MHz-6GHz, also known as sub6GHz band; the frequency range of FR2 band is 24.25GHz-52.6GHz, commonly known as millimeter wave. In the past, millimeter wave lacked actual market demand, and there were problems such as large propagation loss, small coverage, and high component cost, so millimeter wave was not widely used. But in the 5G era, millimeter wave has been mentioned in an important position.

[0003] However, due to the weak penetration ability of millimeter waves and the short coverage distance, it is necessary to adopt beamforming enhancement to enhance the coverage distance, that is, to concentrate the energy of a large number of antennas in a certain direction, so that the signal propagates in a specific direction. Nowadays, millimeter waves use high-gain directional array antennas and multi-beam technology to cope with the challenges of mobile shapes. According to the time results, analog beamforming that supports narrow beams can effectively overcome the significant path loss in the frequency band above 24GHz. In addition to beamforming, the multi-beam of millimeter waves can also realize beam switching, beam steering and beam tracking. Beam switching means that the terminal can select a more suitable candidate beam in a continuously changing environment and switch reasonably to achieve better signal effects; beam steering means that the terminal can change the direction of the uplink beam to match the direction of the incident beam; and beam tracking means that the terminal can distinguish different beams, and the beam can move as the terminal moves, thereby achieving strong antenna gain. The beam management capability of millimeter waves can effectively improve signal reliability and achieve stronger signal gain.

[0004] In summary, existing millimeter wave technologies enhance coverage distance through beamforming enhancement, that is, concentrating the energy of a large number of antennas in a certain direction, but cannot achieve coverage within a large angle range. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna operating near the 28GHz frequency band, which achieves a wide range coverage with three-dimensional scanning angles of ±60° and ±100° respectively, and has broad application prospects. The antenna unit is fed by microstrip line coupling, and the energy is coupled to the antenna unit through the gap by opening a slit in the floor, thereby exciting the TE111 mode. The TE111 mode has a side-radiating radiation characteristic. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the one-dimensional 16-unit array antenna can achieve a radiation coverage range of ±60° on the H plane, and the E plane can achieve a radiation coverage angle of more than ±60°. By expanding the one-dimensional 16-unit array antenna into three dimensions, a beam scanning angle of ±60° and a directional pattern angle superposition of ±100° can be achieved respectively. Thereby, the improvement of the millimeter-wave frequency band signal, stronger signal gain, and a larger signal coverage range are achieved.

[0006] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna unit based on MIMO technology, the antenna unit comprising:

[0008] Dielectric resonator block;

[0009] dielectric substrate;

[0010] floor;

[0011] Microstrip lines and coupling gaps;

[0012] The floor is laid on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the coupling slot is provided on the dielectric substrate, the dielectric resonant block is fixed above the coupling slot, the microstrip line extends from the dielectric substrate to the coupling slot to couple with the dielectric resonant block, and the dielectric resonant block is cut to form a hexagonal prism structure. The dielectric resonant block is cut to reduce the coupling area between the antenna units without affecting the working mode of the antenna unit.

[0013] Furthermore, the dielectric resonant block is made of Rogers 6010 plate, and its height is 1.27 mm and its integer multiples.

[0014] Furthermore, the height of the dielectric resonant block is set to 1.27 mm, and the length and width are 5 mm×3 mm respectively.

[0015] Furthermore, the cut angle of the dielectric resonator block is 1.5 mm×1 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the coupling gap is formed by etching, and its size is 0.5 mm×0.35 mm.

[0017] Furthermore, the dielectric substrate is made of Rogers 4003 plate, whose dielectric constant and loss tangent are 3.55 and 0.0027 respectively.

[0018] Furthermore, the dielectric resonant block is located directly above the coupling gap and completely covers it.

[0019] Furthermore, the coupling slot is perpendicular to the microstrip line.

[0020] A 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna array based on MIMO technology, the antenna array comprising:

[0021] At least one column of the antenna units is composed, and each column includes at least 3 antenna units;

[0022] The spacing between adjacent antenna units in the same column is 1.5mm-5mm.

[0023] Furthermore, the antenna array includes a multi-dimensional array surface, and each dimensional array surface includes at least one column of antenna units; the spacing between adjacent antenna units is 2.45 mm.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the TE111 mode of the dielectric resonant block is excited by microstrip line and slot coupling, and its matching covers the vicinity of the 28GHz frequency band. After the design is processed and manufactured and tested, it is found that the test results are consistent with the simulation results, and it has a side-firing radiation pattern, and the unit gain can reach 7dBi; on the basis of the unit, in order to further improve the gain, we array the units to form a 1×16 linear array, and by feeding each port with equal amplitude and phase, we can achieve an actual gain of more than 16dBi in the vertical direction of the array. However, while obtaining high gain, the beam width of the array is also greatly squeezed. In order to ensure the coverage of the antenna, the input phase of each antenna unit is further changed to a certain extent, so that the beam pointing of the array changes and points to the direction required for communication, that is, the function of array antenna beam scanning is realized, and the coverage range reaches ±60°. In order to further expand the antenna radiation coverage, we expand the single-dimensional antenna beam scanning array into a three-dimensional antenna beam scanning array, which can achieve a radiation range of ±100° and achieve large-angle and large-range radiation coverage. After processing and testing, the simulation and test results are very consistent. The designed three-dimensional beamforming beam scanning array antenna can be applied to actual mobile terminal equipment to achieve good radiation characteristics in the required working frequency band. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna array structure of an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2This is a schematic plan view of the antenna array structure of an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a microstrip line and a coupling gap in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 This is an S parameter diagram of the antenna unit in the embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a vector diagram of the antenna unit at the resonant frequency point of the embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6 This is the H-plane radiation pattern of the antenna unit in the embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 7 This is the E-plane radiation pattern of the antenna unit in the embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 8 The three-dimensional radiation pattern of the antenna unit in the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Fig. 9 This is the H-plane radiation pattern of the one-dimensional array antenna in the embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Fig.10 This is the E-plane radiation pattern of the one-dimensional array antenna in the embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Fig.11 This is the S-parameter diagram of the one-dimensional antenna array of the embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Fig.12 This is the H-beam scanning pattern of the 27.5 GHz array antenna in the embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Fig.13 This is the H-beam scanning pattern of the 28 GHz array antenna in the embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Fig.14 This is the H-beam scanning pattern of the 28.35 GHz array antenna in the embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig.15 This is the E-plane radiation pattern of the 28 GHz array antenna in the embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig.16 is the working bandwidth of one of the units in the embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Fig.17 For the embodiment of this application Fig.16 The array antenna operating bandwidth is shown;

[0042] Fig.18 This is the beam scanning pattern measured at a frequency of 27.5 GHz in the embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Fig.19 This is the beam scanning pattern measured at a frequency of 28 GHz in the embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Fig. 20 This is the measured beam scanning pattern at a frequency of 28.35 GHz in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.

[0046] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0047] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated by these terms is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0048] In addition, if the terms "first" or "second" appear, these terms are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, if the term "plurality" appears, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0049] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, if the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like appear, these terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0050] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, if there is a description that a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, etc., or similar descriptions appear, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0051] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. If any, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0052] The physical size of the antenna is proportional to the wavelength of the band, and the wavelength of the millimeter wave band is much smaller than the traditional frequency band below 6GHz, so the corresponding antenna size is also relatively small, so the millimeter wave system is easier to miniaturize. For example, the length of the 900MGSM antenna is about tens of centimeters, while the millimeter wave antenna may be only a few millimeters. Massive MIMO technology requires an increase in the number of antennas to compensate for high-frequency path loss. Under the millimeter wave system, the same space can load more high-frequency band antennas, making the application of Massive MIMO technology possible. The application of Massive MIMO technology in turn makes up for the shortcomings of high loss in high-frequency band transmission of millimeter waves. 5G millimeter waves can realize many services that 4G cannot provide, expanding the application scope and development space of 5G. With the advantages of millimeter waves, many services that 4G cannot support will be implemented in the 5G era, such as VR / AR, high-definition video, autonomous driving, short-range radar detection, dense urban information services, factory automation control, telemedicine, etc., greatly expanding the application scope and development space of 5G.

[0053] The performance of 5G in the Sub-6GHz band and the 5G in the millimeter wave band is very different. The maximum bandwidth of the Sub-6GHz band is 100MHz, and it is very difficult to achieve a rate of 5Gbps or even 10Gbps. In the 5G millimeter wave band, the frequency band reaches 200MHz to 800MHz, and it will be easy to achieve this goal. In addition to the significant increase in speed, another advantage of millimeter waves is lower latency. Due to the subcarrier spacing, the 5G millimeter wave latency can be one-fourth of the low frequency. According to test verification, the 5G millimeter wave air interface latency can be increased by 1 millisecond. The third advantage of millimeter waves is that they are small in size and have a short wavelength, so the antenna segment will have a higher degree of integration, which is conducive to the miniaturization of base stations and terminals. More densely packed large-scale antenna arrays and more antenna vibrators are also more conducive to the use of beamforming. The beam of the millimeter wave antenna can reach farther and has stronger anti-interference ability, which is conducive to making up for the coverage disadvantage. The fourth advantage of millimeter waves is more accurate positioning capabilities, because the positioning capability of a wireless system is closely related to its wavelength. The shorter the wavelength, the higher the positioning accuracy. Millimeter wave positioning can be obtained at the centimeter level or even lower, which is why millimeter wave radars are now used in automobiles.

[0054] However, due to the weak penetration of millimeter waves and short coverage distance, beamforming enhancement is needed to enhance the coverage distance, that is, to concentrate the energy of a large number of antennas in a certain direction, so that the signal propagates in a specific direction. Nowadays, millimeter waves use high-gain directional array antennas and multi-beam technology to cope with the challenges of mobile shapes. According to time results, analog beamforming that supports narrow beams can effectively overcome the significant path loss in frequency bands above 24GHz.

[0055] In addition to beamforming, millimeter wave multi-beam can also realize beam switching, beam steering and beam tracking.

[0056] Beam switching means that the terminal can select a more suitable candidate beam in a continuously changing environment and switch reasonably to achieve better signal effects; beam steering means that the terminal can change the direction of the uplink beam to match the direction of the incident beam; and beam tracking means that the terminal can distinguish different beams, and the beam can move with the movement of the terminal, thereby achieving strong antenna gain. The beam management capability of millimeter waves can effectively improve signal reliability and achieve stronger signal gain.

[0057] The present invention designs a millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna operating near the 28GHz frequency band, achieving a wide range coverage with three-dimensional scanning angles of ±60° and ±100°, respectively, and has broad application prospects. The antenna unit is fed by microstrip line coupling, and the energy is coupled to the antenna unit through the gap by opening a gap in the floor, exciting the TE111 mode. The TE111 mode has a side-radiating radiation characteristic. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the one-dimensional 16-unit array antenna can achieve a radiation coverage range of ±60° on the H plane, and the E plane can achieve a radiation coverage angle of more than ±60°. By expanding the one-dimensional 16-unit array antenna into three dimensions, a beam scanning angle of ±60° and a directional pattern angle superposition of ±100° can be achieved respectively. Thereby, the improvement of the millimeter-wave frequency band signal, stronger signal gain, and a larger signal coverage range are achieved.

[0058] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, a 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna unit based on MIMO technology includes: a dielectric resonant block 103, a dielectric substrate 101, a floor 102, a microstrip line 104 and a coupling slot 105; the floor 102 is laid on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 101, the coupling slot 105 is opened on the dielectric substrate 101, the dielectric resonant block 103 is fixed above the coupling slot 105, the microstrip line 104 extends from the dielectric substrate 101 to the coupling slot 105 and couples with the dielectric resonant block 103, and the dielectric resonant block 103 is cut to form a hexagonal prism structure. The coupling slot 105 is perpendicular to the microstrip line 104, and its structure is referenced Figure 3As shown. The dielectric substrate 101 is made of Rogers 4003 plate, and its dielectric constant and loss tangent are 3.55 and 0.0027 respectively. The floor 102 with etched coupling slot 105 is placed above the dielectric resonant block 103. The coupling slot 105 has a size of 0.5mm×0.35mm. Energy can be coupled to the dielectric resonant block 103 through the coupling slot 105 to excite the desired unit mode. In order to ensure the consistency between the actual measurement and simulation results, the dielectric resonant block 103 is made of Rogers 6010 plate and is placed directly above the coupling slot 105. Its dielectric constant is set as follows Figure 2 As shown in the figure, due to the height limitation of Rogers 6010 board, its height can only be set to 1.27mm and its integer multiples, so its height is set to 1.27mm, and the length and width are 5mm×3mm respectively. Considering the subsequent work on antenna decoupling, the antenna is cut with a 1.5mm×1mm angle. The angle cutting can reduce the coupling area between antenna units without affecting the working mode of the antenna unit.

[0059] The simulated S parameters of the antenna unit are as follows: Figure 4 As shown in the figure, its -10dB operating bandwidth is 26.61GHz~28.56GHz, which can cover the desired frequency of 28GHz. When the antenna is placed in the whole machine model, the frequency band will shift to high frequency, so the coverage frequency band of the antenna unit is designed to be less than 28GHz as much as possible.

[0060] The antenna is excited at the port, and the energy is transmitted to the coupling slot 105 through the microstrip line 104. The coupling slot 105 couples the energy to the dielectric resonant block 103, thereby exciting the previously set mode. Figure 5 The figure shows the unit electric field vector diagram at the resonant frequency point. It can be seen from the figure that the working mode of the antenna unit at the resonant frequency point is the TE111 mode.

[0061] The two-dimensional H-plane and E-plane radiation patterns and the three-dimensional radiation patterns of the antenna at 28 GHz are as follows: Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the antenna unit has a good 3dB beam width and good side-radiation characteristics.

[0062] Based on the antenna unit design, the unit is expanded into a 16-unit array to form an antenna array. Its structure can be referred to Figure 2 As shown, the antenna functions of beamforming and beam scanning, which are popular in the current millimeter wave, are realized. In order to achieve the convenience of processing, the units are connected as a whole. Under the premise of cutting the angles of the antenna units in the early stage, the mutual influence between the antenna units is small and the antenna array processing and testing is simple.

[0063] Array antenna size and spacing Figure 2 As shown, the antenna unit size is x_DRA×y_DRA×z_DRA=3mm×5mm×1.27mm, the cut corner size is x_sub×y_sub=1mm×1.5mm, the floor 102 etched coupling slot 105 size is x_slot×y_slot=0.5mm×3.5mm, and the antenna unit spacing d_1=2.45mm. The antenna unit spacing is about 0.228λ, which is much smaller than 0.5λ, which enables the array antenna to obtain low side lobes at large scanning angles and achieve good beam scanning characteristics.

[0064] The radiation patterns of the H and E planes of the one-dimensional array antenna are as follows: Fig. 9 and Fig.10 By setting the feeding phase of each antenna unit, the beam can be deflected, that is, the beam forming and beam scanning functions of the array antenna can be realized to achieve a wide range of signal coverage, meet the current requirements for communication equipment, and solve the shortcomings of millimeter wave frequency band antennas.

[0065] Array beam scanning performance Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, the scanning performance of the array antenna when working at 28GHz is given. At 28GHz, the array antenna can successfully cover the scanning range of ±60°. The maximum gain can reach 16.04dB, and when the antenna scanning angle is 60°, it can still achieve a gain of 15.24dB, and the cross-polarization discrimination rate is less than -15dB. The above characteristics all show that the array antenna designed has good beam scanning capabilities.

[0066] Depend on Fig.10 As shown, it can be concluded that the antenna can achieve a half-power beamwidth of approximately ±50° in the E plane, providing the possibility for the desired three-dimensional 48-unit coverage of ±100°.

[0067] like Fig.11 This is the S parameter diagram of unit 1 in the whole array. It can be seen from the figure that the antenna can operate in the required 28GHz frequency band and has good matching and isolation.

[0068] like Figure 12-14 These are the H-plane beam scanning patterns of the antenna when the array antenna works at 27.5 GHz, 28 GHz and 28.35 GHz respectively. It can be seen from the figure that the antenna can achieve good coverage of the ±60° beam scanning range at the three frequency points while ensuring -15dB cross-polarization discrimination and good radiation characteristics.

[0069] At the same time Fig.15 It can be seen that the one-dimensional array antenna can achieve a radiation range of -62° to +75° on the E plane, providing the possibility for the later realization of a three-dimensional radiation range of ±100°.

[0070] Based on the simulation, the antenna is processed. The processing is mainly divided into two parts. One part is the Rogers 6010 dielectric material used as DRA (the dielectric constant is simulated according to the above matrix). We use the PCB process to cut the corners of the 1.27mm thick Rogers 6010 dielectric board and use it as the radiator of the antenna array. The second part is the 0.203mm thick Rogers 4003 dielectric material (dielectric constant: 3.55, loss tangent: 0.0027), and print the microstrip line 104 and the floor 102 on Rogers 4003. At the same time, 16 0.5mm×3.5mm coupling gaps 105 are etched on the floor 102. Finally, the DRA and the PCB board are glued together, and then the SMP connector is mounted on the floor 102 on the other side of the dielectric board.

[0071] The antenna was then tested. First, the working bandwidth of the 16-element array antenna was tested using a vector network analyzer. During the test, one port was connected to the feed source and the other ports were connected to the load. Secondly, the array antenna beam scanning pattern device BBox was tested. For the bbox device, this device can achieve the amplitude value set in the simulation and the phase difference between the units by providing different phases and amplitudes to different ports, thereby realizing the beam scanning characteristics of the array antenna. BBoxOne is a highly integrated front-end module FEM device for 5GNR millimeter wave system integration, with complete software / hardware integration and easy-to-access programming, which is very suitable for beamforming algorithm developers. Its operating frequency is 26.5 to 29.5GHz, and the antenna is designed for the 5Gn257 frequency band, which can control up to 16 RF channels. Each channel provides a 360° phase shifter range (5° per step), a 15dB attenuation range (0.5dB per step), T / R half-duplex operation, and the software is controlled through an RJ-45 Ethernet or SPI interface.

[0072] The operating bandwidth of one of the antenna elements is as follows Fig.16 As shown, the antenna can work at the required 28GHz frequency point, achieving the ideal working frequency range. After forming a 16-unit array, the performance of the antenna unit will be affected by the surrounding antennas, and the performance will change, such as Fig.17As shown, 8 units on one symmetrical side of the 16 array elements were tested, and each unit in the array can operate in the required range of 27.5-28.35GHz. For 5G millimeter waves, the 28GHz band and the 60GHz band are the two most promising bands for use in 5G. The available spectrum bandwidth of the 28GHz band can reach 1GHz, while the available signal bandwidth of each channel in the 60GHz band reaches 2GHz. In comparison, the highest frequency carrier of the 4G-LTE band is around 2GHz, and the available spectrum bandwidth is only 100MHz. Therefore, if the millimeter wave band is used, the spectrum bandwidth can be easily increased tenfold, and the transmission rate can also be greatly improved. The plan of major manufacturers for the use of 5G bands is to use the more traditional sub-6GHz bands in open areas outdoors to ensure signal coverage, and to use micro base stations plus millimeter wave technology indoors to achieve ultra-high-speed data transmission.

[0073] The antenna operates at 27.5GHz, 28GHz and 28.35GHz. The beam scanning pattern and actual gain obtained by testing are as follows: Fig.18 , 19 As shown in Figure 20, the entire 16-element array antenna can achieve a scanning range of ±60° at three frequency points, which is consistent with the simulation results. The gain and scanning range are consistent with the simulation results. The 0° phase difference gain can reach 17dB at 27.5GHz and 28GHz frequencies, and the gain can reach 16.3dB when there is no phase difference at 28.35GHz. When the unit phase difference is 130°, the gains of the three frequency points reach 11dB, 14dB and 13.6dB respectively, which is lower than the simulation results. This is because the complex whole machine environment affects its beam scanning performance, such as the loss of the feed cable, and when the antenna and the copper plate are glued with glue, the coupling feed gap will be covered. These factors in actual measurement will have a certain impact on the gain of the antenna. At the same time, in the 27.5GHz, 28GHz and 28.35GHz frequency bands, the cross-polarization discrimination rate of the antenna is less than -15dB, or even less than -20dB, so the antenna has good polarization purity. It can be seen that the antenna has a coverage of more than ±60° for the two-dimensional array antenna and more than ±100° for the three-dimensional array antenna scanning with a gain drop of -4dB at 27.5GHz, 28GHz and 28.35GHz frequency bands, which is slightly worse than the simulation results, mainly due to some differences between the simulation and the actual samples. At the same time, it can be seen that the three one-dimensional antennas have some differences in their coverage performance on the E plane due to their different relative positions. The cross-polarization discrimination rates tested are all less than -15dB.

[0074] From the actual measurement results, the difference with the simulation results is within the acceptable range. Therefore, this array antenna has good performance and is suitable for use in the future terminal millimeter wave frequency band. Its wide scanning angle makes up for the narrow coverage of the millimeter wave beamforming antenna.

[0075] The TE111 mode of DRA is excited by microstrip line 104 and slot coupling, and its matching covers the 28GHz frequency band. After the design is processed and tested, it is found that the test results are consistent with the simulation results. It has a side-firing radiation pattern and the unit gain can reach 7dBi. On the basis of the unit, in order to further improve the gain, we array the units to form a 1×16 linear array. By feeding each port with equal amplitude and phase, we can achieve an actual gain of more than 16dBi in the vertical direction of the array. However, while obtaining high gain, the beam width of the array is also greatly squeezed. In order to ensure the coverage of the antenna, the input phase of each antenna unit is further changed to a certain extent, so that the beam pointing of the array changes and points to the direction required for communication, that is, the function of array antenna beam scanning is realized, and the coverage range reaches ±60°. In order to further expand the antenna radiation coverage, we expand the single-dimensional antenna beam scanning array into a three-dimensional antenna beam scanning array, which can achieve a radiation range of ±100° and achieve wide-angle and wide-range radiation coverage. After processing and testing, the simulation and test results are very consistent. The designed three-dimensional beamforming beam scanning array antenna can be applied to actual mobile terminal equipment to achieve good radiation characteristics in the required working frequency band.

[0076] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge of the relevant field. The changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art shall not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and shall be within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna unit based on MIMO technology, characterized in that: The antenna unit comprises: Dielectric resonator block; dielectric substrate; floor; Microstrip lines and coupling gaps; The floor is laid on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the coupling slot is provided on the dielectric substrate, the dielectric resonant block is fixed above the coupling slot, the microstrip line extends from the dielectric substrate to the coupling slot and couples with the dielectric resonant block, and the dielectric resonant block is cut to form a hexagonal prism structure.

2. The 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna unit based on MIMO technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric resonant block is made of Rogers 6010 plate, and its height is 1.27 mm and its integral multiples.

3. The 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna unit based on MIMO technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The height of the dielectric resonant block is set to 1.27 mm, and the length and width are 5 mm×3 mm respectively.

4. The 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna unit based on MIMO technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cut angle of the dielectric resonant block is 1.5 mm×1 mm.

5. The 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna unit based on MIMO technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling gap is formed by etching and has a size of 0.5 mm×0.35 mm.

6. The 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna unit based on MIMO technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric substrate is made of Rogers 4003 plate, whose dielectric constant and loss tangent are 3.55 and 0.0027 respectively.

7. The 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna unit based on MIMO technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric resonant block is located directly above the coupling slot and completely covers it.

8. The 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna unit based on MIMO technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling slot is perpendicular to the microstrip line.

9. A 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna array based on MIMO technology, characterized in that: The antenna array comprises: At least one column of the antenna units according to any one of claims 1 to 8, each column comprising at least three of the antenna units; The spacing between adjacent antenna units in the same column is 1.5mm-5mm.

10. The 5G millimeter wave phased array antenna array based on MIMO technology according to claim 9, characterized in that: The antenna array includes a multi-dimensional array plane, and each dimensional array plane includes at least one column of antenna units; The spacing between adjacent antenna elements is 2.45 mm.

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