Solar battery pack voltage automatic equalization control circuit

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic voltage equalization control circuit for a solar battery pack, which relates to the technical field of solar batteries and comprises a second photovoltaic module used for photoelectric conversion and energy storage; the first photovoltaic module is used for photoelectric conversion, energy storage and electric energy superposition; the third photovoltaic module is used for photoelectric conversion, energy storage and electric energy superposition; the battery detection module is used for performing low-voltage detection and voltage sampling; the micro-control module is used for signal receiving and module control; the electric energy control module is used for controlling transmission of electric energy and supplying power to the charging and discharging module; the charging and discharging module is used for storing energy and providing balanced electric energy; and the equalization module is used for performing electric energy equalization distribution control according to the voltage of the first photovoltaic module, the second photovoltaic module and the third photovoltaic module. The automatic voltage equalization control circuit of the solar battery pack can automatically perform voltage equalization adjustment processing, improve the solar power supply efficiency, improve the energy utilization rate and shorten the charging duration required by full power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to an automatic voltage balancing control circuit for a solar cell group. Background Art

[0002] A solar cell group refers to an indivisible minimum solar cell combination device with packaging and internal connections that can independently provide DC power output. It is usually composed of multiple solar cells connected in series with energy storage capacitors. Since the voltage output by the solar cell is unstable, the energy storage capacitor can reduce the voltage change rate of the output power of the solar cell. In order to achieve automatic voltage balancing of the solar cell group, the solar cell group in the existing technology will adopt a voltage balancing control circuit to maintain the voltage of the energy storage capacitor. However, when performing voltage balancing control, the energy storage capacitor with a large storage voltage will discharge to the energy storage capacitor with a small storage voltage. In addition, since the voltage provided by the solar cell is low, it will not be able to meet the power supply demand, which not only causes a certain amount of energy waste, but also causes the full charge cycle of the energy storage capacitor in the series state to be prolonged. Therefore, it needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] An embodiment of the present invention provides a solar cell group voltage automatic balancing control circuit to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a solar cell group voltage automatic balancing control circuit, comprising: a first photovoltaic module, a second photovoltaic module, a third photovoltaic module, a battery detection module, a microcontroller module, a balancing module, a charging and discharging module, and a power control module;

[0005] A second photovoltaic module is connected to the balancing module, and is used for photoelectric conversion and energy storage to provide a second electric energy and store the balanced electric energy output by the balancing module;

[0006] a first photovoltaic module connected to the balancing module, the microcontroller module, and the second photovoltaic module, configured to convert photoelectric energy into electricity, store energy, and provide first electrical energy; upon receiving a first compensation signal output by the microcontroller module, superimpose the first electrical energy with the second electrical energy and output fourth electrical energy; and store the balanced electrical energy output by the balancing module;

[0007] a third photovoltaic module, connected to the balancing module, the microcontroller module, the first photovoltaic module, and the second photovoltaic module, for photoelectric conversion and energy storage and providing a third electric energy; upon receiving the second compensation signal output by the microcontroller module, superimposing the third electric energy with the first electric energy or the fourth electric energy and outputting a fifth electric energy; upon receiving the third compensation signal output by the microcontroller module, superimposing the sixth electric energy with the second electric energy and outputting a sixth electric energy; and storing the balanced electric energy output by the balancing module;

[0008] a battery detection module connected to the first photovoltaic module, the second photovoltaic module, and the third photovoltaic module, configured to perform voltage sampling on the first electric energy and output a first detection signal when the first sampling signal is less than a set low-voltage threshold, perform voltage sampling on the second electric energy and output a second detection signal when the second sampling signal is less than the low-voltage threshold, and perform voltage sampling on the third electric energy and output a third detection signal when the third sampling signal is less than the low-voltage threshold;

[0009] a microcontroller module connected to the battery detection module, configured to output a first pulse signal when the voltages of the first sampling signal, the second sampling signal, and the third sampling signal are unequal; output a first control signal when the first sampling signal is lower than the third sampling signal; output a second control signal when the second sampling signal is less than the first sampling signal; output a third control signal when the second sampling signal is greater than the first sampling signal; output a second compensation signal, a first compensation signal, and a fifth compensation signal when the third detection signal, the second detection signal, and the first detection signal are received; output a first compensation signal and a fourth compensation signal when only the second detection signal and the first detection signal are received; output a third compensation signal and a fifth compensation signal when only the third detection signal and the second detection signal are received; and output a second compensation signal and a fifth compensation signal when only the first detection signal and the third detection signal are received;

[0010] an electric energy control module connected to the third photovoltaic module, the first photovoltaic module, the microcontrol module and the charge-discharge module, and configured to transmit the fifth electric energy or the sixth electric energy to the charge-discharge module upon receiving the fifth compensation signal, and transmit the fourth electric energy to the charge-discharge module upon receiving the fourth compensation signal;

[0011] a charging and discharging module, connected to the balancing module and the microcontroller module, configured to store the fifth electric energy, the sixth electric energy, the fourth electric energy or the electric energy transmitted by the balancing module and output the balanced electric energy upon receiving the first pulse signal;

[0012] The balancing module is connected to the microcontroller module and is used to transmit the electric energy output by the first photovoltaic module, the second photovoltaic module and the third photovoltaic module to the charging and discharging module. When receiving the first control signal, the balancing electric energy is transmitted to the first photovoltaic module. When receiving the second control signal, the balancing electric energy is transmitted to the second photovoltaic module. When receiving the third control signal, the balancing electric energy is stopped from being provided to the second photovoltaic module.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: the first photovoltaic module includes a first solar cell, a seventh diode, a third capacitor, a seventh power tube and a tenth diode; the microcontroller module includes a first controller;

[0014] Preferably, the first end of the first solar cell is connected to the anode of the seventh diode, the cathode of the seventh diode is connected to the anode of the tenth diode through the third capacitor, the cathode of the tenth diode is connected to the source of the seventh power tube and the second end of the first solar cell, the drain of the seventh power tube is connected to the second photovoltaic module, and the seventh power tube is connected to the IUO7 end of the first controller.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention: the third photovoltaic module includes a third solar cell, a second capacitor, a fifth diode, a second diode, a fifth power tube and a sixth power tube; the second photovoltaic module includes a second solar cell, a twelfth diode and a fourth capacitor;

[0016] Preferably, the first end of the third solar cell is connected to the anode of the second diode, the cathode of the second diode is connected to the anode of the fifth diode and the cathode of the seventh diode through the second capacitor, the cathode of the fifth diode is connected to the second end of the third solar cell, the source of the fifth power tube and the source of the sixth power tube, the drain of the fifth power tube is connected to the anode of the seventh diode, the drain of the sixth power tube is connected to the anode of the twelfth diode and the first end of the second solar cell, the cathode of the twelfth diode is connected to the anode of the tenth diode and is connected to the second end of the second solar cell through the fourth capacitor, and the fifth power tube, the sixth power tube and the seventh power tube are respectively connected to the IO9 terminal, the IO8 terminal and the IO9 terminal of the first controller.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: the balancing module includes a third diode, a fourth diode, a first inductor, a sixth diode, a fourth power tube, an eighth diode, a ninth diode, a second inductor, a third power tube, an eleventh diode, a thirteenth diode, a fourteenth diode, a third inductor, a fifteenth diode, and a second power tube;

[0018] Preferably, the anode of the third diode is connected to the cathode of the second diode, the cathode of the third diode is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode and is connected to the drain of the fourth power tube and the anode of the sixth diode through the first inductor, the source of the fourth power tube is connected to the anode of the fifth diode and the anode of the eighth diode, the cathode of the sixth diode is connected to the cathode of the eleventh diode and the cathode of the fifteenth diode, the cathode of the eighth diode is connected to the cathode of the ninth diode and is connected to the anode of the eleventh diode and the drain of the third power tube through the second inductor, the source of the third power tube is connected to the anode of the tenth diode and the anode of the thirteenth diode, the cathode of the thirteenth diode is connected to the cathode of the fourteenth diode and is connected to the anode of the fifteenth diode and the drain of the second power tube through the third inductor, the source of the second power tube is connected to the second end of the second solar cell, the anode of the ninth diode is connected to the anode of the fourth diode and the anode of the fourteenth diode, and the gates of the second power tube, the third power tube and the fourth power tube are respectively connected to the IO2 terminal, the IO3 terminal and the IO4 terminal of the first controller.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: the charging and discharging module includes a first power tube, a first capacitor and a first diode;

[0020] Preferably, the source of the first power tube is connected to the cathode of the second diode, the drain of the first power tube is connected to the cathode of the sixth diode and the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the fourteenth diode are connected through the first capacitor, the anode of the first diode is connected to the second end of the second solar cell, and the gate of the first power tube is connected to the IO1 end of the first controller.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention: the power control module includes a first thyristor and a second thyristor;

[0022] Preferably, the anode of the first thyristor is connected to the first end of the first solar cell, the anode of the second thyristor is connected to the first end of the third solar cell, the cathode of the first thyristor is connected to the cathode of the second thyristor and the drain of the first power tube, and the control end of the first thyristor and the control end of the second thyristor are respectively connected to the IO5 end and IO6 end of the first controller.

[0023] As a further solution of the present invention: the battery detection module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a low voltage threshold device, a first comparator, a first detection device and a second detection device;

[0024] Preferably, the inverting end of the first comparator is connected to the IO11 end of the first controller and one end of the second resistor is connected to the first end of the third solar cell through the first resistor, the other end of the second resistor is connected to the second end of the third solar cell, the non-inverting end of the first comparator is connected to the low-voltage threshold device, the output end of the first comparator is connected to the IO10 end of the first controller, the first end and the second end of the first detection device are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the first solar cell, the first end and the second end of the second detection device are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the second solar cell, the third end and the fourth end of the first detection device are respectively connected to the IO12 end and the IO13 end of the first controller, and the third end and the fourth end of the second detection device are respectively connected to the IO14 end and the IO15 end of the first controller.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the automatic voltage balancing control circuit of the solar cell group of the present invention can perform photoelectric conversion and energy storage work by the first photovoltaic module, the second photovoltaic module and the third photovoltaic module, and when the first photovoltaic module, the second photovoltaic module and the third photovoltaic module are not under voltage, the intelligent control module controls the charging and discharging module and the balancing module to perform voltage balancing adjustment processing on the electric energy stored in the first photovoltaic module, the second photovoltaic module and the third photovoltaic module, thereby improving the efficiency of solar power supply. When the first photovoltaic module, the second photovoltaic module and the third photovoltaic module are all under voltage, the first photovoltaic module, the second photovoltaic module and the third photovoltaic module are controlled to superimpose electric energy and supply power to the charging and discharging module. Similarly, when two or more photovoltaic modules are under voltage, the low-voltage photovoltaic modules are controlled to be connected in series, and then supply power to the charging and discharging module, thereby improving energy utilization and shortening the charging time required for full charge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in describing the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic block diagram of a solar cell group voltage automatic balancing control circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 A circuit diagram of an automatic voltage balancing control circuit for a solar cell group provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of a battery detection module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 , a solar cell group voltage automatic balancing control circuit, comprising: a first photovoltaic module 1, a second photovoltaic module 2, a third photovoltaic module 3, a battery detection module 4, a microcontroller module 5, a balancing module 6, a charge and discharge module 7 and a power control module 8;

[0032] Specifically, the second photovoltaic module 2 is connected to the balancing module 6, and is used for photoelectric conversion and energy storage to provide second electric energy, and store the balanced electric energy output by the balancing module 6;

[0033] The first photovoltaic module 1 is connected to the balancing module 6, the microcontroller module 5 and the second photovoltaic module 2, and is used for photoelectric conversion and energy storage to provide first electric energy. When receiving the first compensation signal output by the microcontroller module 5, it is superimposed with the second electric energy and outputs fourth electric energy, and stores the balanced electric energy output by the balancing module 6;

[0034] The third photovoltaic module 3 is connected to the balancing module 6, the micro-control module 5, the first photovoltaic module 1 and the second photovoltaic module 2, and is used for photoelectric conversion and energy storage and provides a third electric energy. When receiving the second compensation signal output by the micro-control module 5, it is superimposed with the first electric energy or the fourth electric energy and outputs a fifth electric energy. When receiving the third compensation signal output by the micro-control module 5, it is superimposed with the second electric energy and outputs a sixth electric energy, and stores the balanced electric energy output by the balancing module 6;

[0035] a battery detection module 4, connected to the first photovoltaic module 1, the second photovoltaic module 2, and the third photovoltaic module 3, configured to perform voltage sampling on the first electric energy and output a first detection signal when the first sampling signal is less than a set low-voltage threshold, perform voltage sampling on the second electric energy and output a second detection signal when the second sampling signal is less than the low-voltage threshold, and perform voltage sampling on the third electric energy and output a third detection signal when the third sampling signal is less than the low-voltage threshold;

[0036] a microcontroller module 5 connected to the battery detection module 4, configured to output a first pulse signal when the voltages of the first sampling signal, the second sampling signal, and the third sampling signal are not equal, output a first control signal when the first sampling signal is lower than the third sampling signal, output a second control signal when the second sampling signal is less than the first sampling signal, output a third control signal when the second sampling signal is greater than the first sampling signal, output a second compensation signal, a first compensation signal, and a fifth compensation signal when the third detection signal, the second detection signal, and the first detection signal are received, output a first compensation signal and a fourth compensation signal when only the second detection signal and the first detection signal are received, output a third compensation signal and a fifth compensation signal when only the third detection signal and the second detection signal are received, and output a second compensation signal and a fifth compensation signal when only the first detection signal and the third detection signal are received;

[0037] an electric energy control module 8 connected to the third photovoltaic module 3, the first photovoltaic module 1, the microcontrol module 5 and the charge-discharge module 7, and configured to transmit the fifth electric energy or the sixth electric energy to the charge-discharge module 7 upon receiving the fifth compensation signal, and transmit the fourth electric energy to the charge-discharge module 7 upon receiving the fourth compensation signal;

[0038] a charging and discharging module 7 connected to the balancing module 6 and the microcontroller module 5, configured to store the fifth electric energy, the sixth electric energy, the fourth electric energy or the electric energy transmitted by the balancing module 6 and output the balanced electric energy upon receiving the first pulse signal;

[0039] The balancing module 6 is connected to the microcontroller module 5 and is used to transmit the electric energy output by the first photovoltaic module 1, the second photovoltaic module 2 and the third photovoltaic module 3 to the charging and discharging module 7. When receiving the first control signal, the balancing electric energy is transmitted to the first photovoltaic module 1. When receiving the second control signal, the balancing electric energy is transmitted to the second photovoltaic module 2. When receiving the third control signal, the balancing electric energy is stopped from being provided to the second photovoltaic module 2.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, the first photovoltaic module 1 can adopt a first photovoltaic circuit composed of a first solar cell, a field effect transistor, a capacitor and a diode to perform photoelectric conversion and energy storage and be connected in series with the second photovoltaic module 2 and the third photovoltaic module 3 for power supply; the second photovoltaic module 2 can adopt a second photovoltaic circuit composed of a second solar cell, a capacitor and a diode to perform photoelectric conversion and energy storage and be connected in series with the first photovoltaic module 1 and the third photovoltaic module 3 for power supply; the third photovoltaic module 3 can adopt a third photovoltaic circuit composed of a third solar cell, a field effect transistor, a capacitor and a diode to perform photoelectric conversion and energy storage and be connected in series with the second photovoltaic module 2 and the first photovoltaic module 1 for power supply; the battery detection module 4 can adopt a battery detection circuit composed of a resistor, a comparator, a first detection device and a second detection device to respectively sample the voltages of the first photovoltaic module 1, the second photovoltaic module 2 and the third photovoltaic module 3 and set a low pressure threshold, compares the voltage of the sampled signal with the low-voltage threshold; the above-mentioned micro-control module 5 can adopt a micro-control circuit composed of a single-chip microcomputer, which integrates many components such as an arithmetic unit, a controller, a memory, and an input and output device to realize functions such as signal processing, data storage, module control, and timing control; the above-mentioned balancing module 6 can adopt a balancing circuit composed of a field-effect transistor, an inductor and a diode, which can transmit electric energy and power the charging and discharging module 7, receive the electric energy released by the charging and discharging module 7 and provide balanced electric energy for the first photovoltaic module 1, the second photovoltaic module 2 or the third photovoltaic module 3; the above-mentioned charging and discharging module 7 can adopt a charging and discharging circuit composed of a capacitor, a field-effect transistor and a capacitor, which can store the input electric energy and release the stored electric energy; the above-mentioned power control module 8 can adopt a power control circuit composed of a thyristor, which can transmit the electric energy provided by the second photovoltaic module 2 when connected in series with the first photovoltaic module 1 or the third photovoltaic module 3 to the charging and discharging module 7.

[0041] In another embodiment, see Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 The first photovoltaic module 1 includes a first solar cell, a seventh diode D7, a third capacitor C3, a seventh power tube Q7 and a tenth diode D12; the micro-control module 5 includes a first controller U1;

[0042] Specifically, the first end of the first solar cell is connected to the anode of the seventh diode D7, the cathode of the seventh diode D7 is connected to the anode of the tenth diode D12 through the third capacitor C3, the cathode of the tenth diode D12 is connected to the source of the seventh power tube Q7 and the second end of the first solar cell, the drain of the seventh power tube Q7 is connected to the second photovoltaic module 2, and the seventh power tube Q7 is connected to the IUO7 end of the first controller U1.

[0043] In a specific embodiment, the seventh power tube Q7 may be an N-channel field effect tube to control the first solar cell and the second photovoltaic module 2 to be connected in series; the third capacitor C3 may be an energy storage capacitor; and the first controller U1 may be an STM32 single chip microcomputer.

[0044] Furthermore, the third photovoltaic module 3 includes a third solar cell, a second capacitor C2, a fifth diode D5, a second diode D2, a fifth power tube Q5 and a sixth power tube Q6; the second photovoltaic module 2 includes a second solar cell, a twelfth diode D12 and a fourth capacitor C4;

[0045] Specifically, the first end of the third solar cell is connected to the anode of the second diode D2, the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D5 and the cathode of the seventh diode D7 through the second capacitor C2, the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the second end of the third solar cell, the source of the fifth power tube Q5 and the source of the sixth power tube Q6, the drain of the fifth power tube Q5 is connected to the anode of the seventh diode D7, the drain of the sixth power tube Q6 is connected to the anode of the twelfth diode D12 and the first end of the second solar cell, the cathode of the twelfth diode D12 is connected to the anode of the tenth diode D12 and is connected to the second end of the second solar cell through the fourth capacitor C4, and the fifth power tube Q5, the sixth power tube Q6 and the seventh power tube Q7 are respectively connected to the IO9 terminal, the IO8 terminal and the IO9 terminal of the first controller U1.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the fifth power tube Q5 and the sixth power tube Q6 can both be N-channel field effect tubes, wherein the sixth power tube Q6 controls the third solar cell to be connected in series with the second solar cell, and the fifth power tube Q5 controls the third solar cell to be connected in series with the first solar cell; the second capacitor C2 and the fourth capacitor C4 can both be energy storage capacitors.

[0047] Furthermore, the balancing module 6 includes a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, a first inductor L1, a sixth diode D6, a fourth power tube Q4, an eighth diode D8, a ninth diode D9, a second inductor L2, a third power tube Q3, an eleventh diode D11, a thirteenth diode D13, a fourteenth diode D14, a third inductor L3, a fifteenth diode D15, and a second power tube Q2;

[0048] Specifically, the anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2, the cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode D4 and is connected to the drain of the fourth power tube Q4 and the anode of the sixth diode D6 through the first inductor L1, the source of the fourth power tube Q4 is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D5 and the anode of the eighth diode D8, the cathode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the cathode of the eleventh diode D11 and the cathode of the fifteenth diode D15, the cathode of the eighth diode D8 is connected to the cathode of the ninth diode D9 and is connected to the anode of the eleventh diode D11 and the drain of the third power tube Q3 through the second inductor L2, and the third power tube Q4 is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D5 and the anode of the eighth diode D8. The source of the power tube Q3 is connected to the anode of the tenth diode D12 and the anode of the thirteenth diode D13. The cathode of the thirteenth diode D13 is connected to the cathode of the fourteenth diode D14 and is connected to the anode of the fifteenth diode D15 and the drain of the second power tube Q2 via the third inductor L3. The source of the second power tube Q2 is connected to the second end of the second solar cell. The anode of the ninth diode D9 is connected to the anode of the fourth diode D4 and the anode of the fourteenth diode D14. The gates of the second power tube Q2, the third power tube Q3, and the fourth power tube Q4 are respectively connected to the IO2 terminal, the IO3 terminal, and the IO4 terminal of the first controller U1.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the fourth power tube Q4, the third power tube Q3 and the second power tube Q2 can all be N-channel field effect tubes; the sixth diode D6, the eleventh diode D11 and the fifteenth diode D15 transmit power and supply power to the charge and discharge module 7.

[0050] Furthermore, the charge and discharge module 7 includes a first power tube Q1, a first capacitor C1 and a first diode D1;

[0051] Specifically, the source of the first power tube Q1 is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2, the drain of the first power tube Q1 is connected to the cathode of the sixth diode D6 and is connected to the cathode of the first diode D1 and the anode of the fourteenth diode D14 through the first capacitor C1, the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the second end of the second solar cell, and the gate of the first power tube Q1 is connected to the IO1 end of the first controller U1.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, the first power transistor Q1 can be an N-channel field effect transistor; and the first capacitor C1 can be an energy storage capacitor.

[0053] Furthermore, the power control module 8 includes a first thyristor S1 and a second thyristor S2;

[0054] Specifically, the anode of the first thyristor S1 is connected to the first end of the first solar cell, the anode of the second thyristor S2 is connected to the first end of the third solar cell, the cathode of the first thyristor S1 is connected to the cathode of the second thyristor S2 and the drain of the first power tube Q1, and the control end of the first thyristor S1 and the control end of the second thyristor S2 are respectively connected to the IO5 end and IO6 end of the first controller U1.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, both the first thyristor S1 and the second thyristor S2 can be unidirectional thyristors.

[0056] Furthermore, the battery detection module 4 includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a low voltage threshold device, a first comparator A1, a first detection device and a second detection device;

[0057] Specifically, the inverting end of the first comparator A1 is connected to the IO11 end of the first controller U1 and one end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the first end of the third solar cell through the first resistor R1, the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the second end of the third solar cell, the non-inverting end of the first comparator A1 is connected to the low-voltage threshold device, the output end of the first comparator A1 is connected to the IO10 end of the first controller U1, the first end and the second end of the first detection device are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the first solar cell, the first end and the second end of the second detection device are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the second solar cell, the third end and the fourth end of the first detection device are respectively connected to the IO12 end and the IO13 end of the first controller U1, and the third end and the fourth end of the second detection device are respectively connected to the IO14 end and the IO15 end of the first controller U1.

[0058] In a specific embodiment, the above-mentioned low-voltage threshold device can be composed of a reference power supply and a resistor to set the low-voltage threshold; the above-mentioned first comparator A1 can optionally use an LM358 comparator; the circuit composition structure of the above-mentioned first detection device and the circuit composition structure of the second detection device are the same as the circuit composition structure of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the first comparator A1 and the low-voltage threshold device.

[0059] In a solar cell group voltage automatic balancing control circuit according to this embodiment, a first solar cell performs photoelectric conversion, a third capacitor C3 stores and provides first electrical energy, a second solar cell stores and provides second electrical energy, and a third solar cell stores and provides third electrical energy. The first electrical energy is transmitted to the first capacitor C1 via a third diode D3, a first inductor L1, and a sixth diode D6. Similarly, the second and third electrical energies are both transmitted to the first capacitor C1 via diodes and inductors and stored by the first capacitor C1. When the first capacitor C1 is greater than the total voltage when connected in series, the sixth diode D6, the eleventh diode D11, and the fifteenth diode D15 are cut off. The first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 perform voltage sampling on the third solar cell, and the first detection device and the second detection device perform voltage sampling on the first solar cell and the second solar cell respectively, and output a third sampling signal, a first sampling signal, and a second sampling signal respectively, which are received by the IO11 terminal, the IO12 terminal, and the IO14 terminal of the first controller U1 respectively, so that the first controller U1 can know the energy storage state of the second capacitor C2, the third capacitor C3, and the fourth capacitor C4. When the third sampling signal, the first sampling signal, and the second sampling signal are not equal, the IO1 terminal of the first controller U1 outputs a first pulse signal to control the first power tube Q1 to be turned on, and the first capacitor C1 provides balanced electric energy to balance the second capacitor C2, the third capacitor C3, and the fourth capacitor C4. The electric energy voltage of the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4, when the first sampling signal is lower than the third sampling signal, that is, the voltage of the third capacitor C3 is lower than the voltage of the second capacitor C2, the IO4 terminal of the first controller U1 will output the first control signal, and the balanced electric energy provided by the first capacitor C1 is transmitted to the third capacitor C3 through the first power tube Q1, the third diode D3, the first inductor L1 and the fourth power tube Q4, wherein the first inductor L1 can store electric energy and then compensate for the electric energy of the third capacitor C3. Similarly, when the second sampling signal is lower than the first sampling signal, the IO3 terminal of the first controller U1 outputs the second control signal to control the third power tube Q3 to be turned on, and the electric energy of the third capacitor C3 is transmitted through the eighth diode D8, the second inductor L1 and the fourth power tube Q4. L2 and the third diode D3 transmit to the fourth capacitor C4. When the second sampling signal is greater than the first sampling signal, the IO2 terminal of the first controller U1 outputs a third control signal to control the second power tube Q2 to be turned on, so that the second solar cell stops charging. Due to the frequent changes in the electrical energy converted by photoelectricity, when the electrical energy provided by the third solar cell, the first solar cell and the second solar cell is lower than the low voltage threshold, it means that the third solar cell, the first solar cell and the second solar cell are unable to continue to provide the required charging electrical energy for the second capacitor C2, the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4. The IO5 terminal, IO7 terminal and IO6 terminal of the first controller U1 respectively output the second compensation signal, the first compensation signal and the fifth compensation signal.The third solar cell, the first solar cell, and the second solar cell are individually connected in series, and the resulting electrical energy is used to power the first capacitor C1. Similarly, when the second solar cell and the first solar cell alone cannot meet the power supply requirement, the IO7 and IO5 terminals of the first controller U1 respectively output a first compensation signal and a fourth compensation signal, controlling the first solar cell and the second solar cell to be connected in series and to power the first capacitor C1 through the first thyristor S1. When the third solar cell and the second solar cell alone cannot meet the power supply requirement, the first controller U1 controls the third solar cell and the second solar cell to be connected in series and to power the first capacitor C1. When the first solar cell and the third solar cell alone cannot meet the power supply requirement, the first controller U1 controls the third solar cell and the first solar cell to be connected in series and to power the first capacitor C1, thereby improving the utilization rate of the electrical energy after photoelectric conversion.

[0060] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0061] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A solar cell group voltage automatic balancing control circuit, characterized in that: The solar cell group voltage automatic balancing control circuit comprises: a first photovoltaic module, a second photovoltaic module, a third photovoltaic module, a battery detection module, a microcontroller module, a balancing module, a charging and discharging module and an electric energy control module; The second photovoltaic module is connected to the balancing module, and is used for photoelectric conversion and energy storage and providing second electric energy, and storing the balanced electric energy output by the balancing module; The first photovoltaic module is connected to the balancing module, the microcontroller module and the second photovoltaic module, and is used for photoelectric conversion and energy storage and provides the first electric energy. When receiving the first compensation signal output by the microcontroller module, it is superimposed with the second electric energy and outputs the fourth electric energy, and stores the balanced electric energy output by the balancing module; The third photovoltaic module is connected to the balancing module, the microcontroller module, the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module, and is used for photoelectric conversion and energy storage and provides a third electric energy. When receiving the second compensation signal output by the microcontroller module, the third photovoltaic module is superimposed with the first electric energy or the fourth electric energy and outputs a fifth electric energy. When receiving the third compensation signal output by the microcontroller module, the third photovoltaic module is superimposed with the second electric energy and outputs a sixth electric energy, and stores the balanced electric energy output by the balancing module. The battery detection module is connected to the first photovoltaic module, the second photovoltaic module and the third photovoltaic module, and is used to perform voltage sampling on the first electric energy and output a first detection signal when the first sampling signal is less than a set low-voltage threshold, perform voltage sampling on the second electric energy and output a second detection signal when the second sampling signal is less than the low-voltage threshold, and perform voltage sampling on the third electric energy and output a third detection signal when the third sampling signal is less than the low-voltage threshold; The microcontrol module is connected to the battery detection module, and is used to output a first pulse signal when the voltages of the first sampling signal, the second sampling signal, and the third sampling signal are not equal, output a first control signal when the first sampling signal is lower than the third sampling signal, output a second control signal when the second sampling signal is less than the first sampling signal, output a third control signal when the second sampling signal is greater than the first sampling signal, output a second compensation signal, a first compensation signal, and a fifth compensation signal when the third detection signal, the second detection signal, and the first detection signal are received, output a first compensation signal and a fourth compensation signal when only the second detection signal and the first detection signal are received, output a third compensation signal and a fifth compensation signal when only the third detection signal and the second detection signal are received, and output a second compensation signal and a fifth compensation signal when only the first detection signal and the third detection signal are received; The electric energy control module is connected to the third photovoltaic module, the first photovoltaic module, the microcontrol module and the charge and discharge module, and is used to transmit the fifth electric energy or the sixth electric energy to the charge and discharge module when receiving the fifth compensation signal, and transmit the fourth electric energy to the charge and discharge module when receiving the fourth compensation signal; The charging and discharging module is connected to the balancing module and the microcontroller module, and is used to store the fifth electric energy, the sixth electric energy, the fourth electric energy or the electric energy transmitted by the balancing module and output the balancing electric energy when receiving the first pulse signal; The balancing module is connected to the micro-control module, and is used to transmit the electric energy output by the first photovoltaic module, the second photovoltaic module and the third photovoltaic module to the charging and discharging module. When receiving the first control signal, the balanced electric energy is transmitted to the first photovoltaic module. When receiving the second control signal, the balanced electric energy is transmitted to the second photovoltaic module. When receiving the third control signal, the balanced electric energy is stopped from being provided to the second photovoltaic module.

2. The solar cell group voltage automatic balancing control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first photovoltaic module includes a first solar cell, a seventh diode, a third capacitor, a seventh power tube and a tenth diode; the microcontroller module includes a first controller; The first end of the first solar cell is connected to the anode of the seventh diode, the cathode of the seventh diode is connected to the anode of the tenth diode through the third capacitor, the cathode of the tenth diode is connected to the source of the seventh power tube and the second end of the first solar cell, the drain of the seventh power tube is connected to the second photovoltaic module, and the seventh power tube is connected to the IUO7 end of the first controller.

3. The solar cell group voltage automatic balancing control circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The third photovoltaic module includes a third solar cell, a second capacitor, a fifth diode, a second diode, a fifth power tube and a sixth power tube; the second photovoltaic module includes a second solar cell, a twelfth diode and a fourth capacitor; The first end of the third solar cell is connected to the anode of the second diode, the cathode of the second diode is connected to the anode of the fifth diode and the cathode of the seventh diode through the second capacitor, the cathode of the fifth diode is connected to the second end of the third solar cell, the source of the fifth power tube and the source of the sixth power tube, the drain of the fifth power tube is connected to the anode of the seventh diode, the drain of the sixth power tube is connected to the anode of the twelfth diode and the first end of the second solar cell, the cathode of the twelfth diode is connected to the anode of the tenth diode and is connected to the second end of the second solar cell through the fourth capacitor, and the fifth power tube, the sixth power tube and the seventh power tube are respectively connected to the IO9 end, the IO8 end and the IO9 end of the first controller.

4. The solar cell group voltage automatic balancing control circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The balancing module includes a third diode, a fourth diode, a first inductor, a sixth diode, a fourth power tube, an eighth diode, a ninth diode, a second inductor, a third power tube, an eleventh diode, a thirteenth diode, a fourteenth diode, a third inductor, a fifteenth diode and a second power tube; The anode of the third diode is connected to the cathode of the second diode, the cathode of the third diode is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode and is connected to the drain of the fourth power tube and the anode of the sixth diode through the first inductor, the source of the fourth power tube is connected to the anode of the fifth diode and the anode of the eighth diode, the cathode of the sixth diode is connected to the cathode of the eleventh diode and the cathode of the fifteenth diode, the cathode of the eighth diode is connected to the cathode of the ninth diode and is connected to the anode of the eleventh diode and the drain of the third power tube through the second inductor, the source of the third power tube is connected to the anode of the tenth diode and the anode of the thirteenth diode, the cathode of the thirteenth diode is connected to the cathode of the fourteenth diode and is connected to the anode of the fifteenth diode and the drain of the second power tube through the third inductor, the source of the second power tube is connected to the second end of the second solar cell, the anode of the ninth diode is connected to the anode of the fourth diode and the anode of the fourteenth diode, and the gate of the second power tube, the gate of the third power tube and the gate of the fourth power tube are respectively connected to the IO2 end, the IO3 end and the IO4 end of the first controller.

5. The solar cell group voltage automatic balancing control circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The charging and discharging module includes a first power tube, a first capacitor and a first diode; The source of the first power tube is connected to the cathode of the second diode, the drain of the first power tube is connected to the cathode of the sixth diode and the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the fourteenth diode are connected through the first capacitor, the anode of the first diode is connected to the second end of the second solar cell, and the gate of the first power tube is connected to the IO1 end of the first controller.

6. The solar cell group voltage automatic balancing control circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The power control module includes a first thyristor and a second thyristor; The anode of the first thyristor is connected to the first end of the first solar cell, the anode of the second thyristor is connected to the first end of the third solar cell, the cathode of the first thyristor is connected to the cathode of the second thyristor and the drain of the first power tube, and the control end of the first thyristor and the control end of the second thyristor are respectively connected to the IO5 end and IO6 end of the first controller.

7. The solar cell group voltage automatic balancing control circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The battery detection module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a low voltage threshold device, a first comparator, a first detection device and a second detection device; The inverting end of the first comparator is connected to the IO11 end of the first controller and one end of the second resistor is connected to the first end of the third solar cell through the first resistor, the other end of the second resistor is connected to the second end of the third solar cell, the non-inverting end of the first comparator is connected to the low voltage threshold device, the output end of the first comparator is connected to the IO10 end of the first controller, the first end and the second end of the first detection device are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the first solar cell, the first end and the second end of the second detection device are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the second solar cell, the third end and the fourth end of the first detection device are respectively connected to the IO12 end and the IO13 end of the first controller, and the third end and the fourth end of the second detection device are respectively connected to the IO14 end and the IO15 end of the first controller.

Images