Dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method based on 5G network

Abstract

The dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method based on the 5G network comprises the steps that S1, a base station collects service requests, network loads and channel information of user equipment of the 5G network, and the services are divided into real-time services, big data services, key services and conventional services; s2, the real-time service calculates the bandwidth by using deep learning; the big data service is distributed according to the idle bandwidth and the data volume proportion; key service main and standby links distribute bandwidths; conventional businesses come first and then are subjected to service distribution; s3, the base station maps bandwidth resources by using a multi-carrier and dynamic subcarrier algorithm, and optimizes signal transmission in combination with a beam forming technology; s4, processing service data according to a priority scheduling queue, and verifying signal transmission according to a channel quality adjustment coding mode; and S5, updating the data and evaluating the effect according to the user feedback, and re-optimizing the scheduling strategy as required. Through intelligent dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling, efficient, flexible and reliable transmission of different types of services is realized, and the network resource utilization rate and the service quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of 5G network bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling, and in particular to a dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method based on a 5G network. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization of 5G networks and the growing demand for emerging applications such as the Internet of Things, smart transportation, and telemedicine, users are increasingly demanding network bandwidth and service quality. The existing 4G network and previous communication technologies are unable to cope with massive connected devices and diverse business needs, especially in terms of real-time performance, large data transmission, and mission-critical security. Therefore, in order to meet the high requirements of future network environments, a technical solution that can dynamically adapt to different business needs and efficiently allocate resources is urgently needed.

[0003] Traditional bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling methods are mostly based on static or semi-static strategies, that is, fixed bandwidth allocation rules are set at the beginning of network deployment, and only slight adjustments are made during subsequent operation. The advantage of this method is that it is simple to implement and easy to manage, but it cannot flexibly respond to the ever-changing network load and the different demands of different types of services (such as video streaming, online games, autonomous driving, etc.) on network performance. In addition, traditional methods lack real-time monitoring and response mechanisms for network status, resulting in low resource utilization and poor user experience.

[0004] Existing technologies have begun to introduce some improvements, such as handling different service types through predefined priority queues, or using simple feedback mechanisms to fine-tune bandwidth. However, these methods are still limited by pre-set parameters, fail to fully utilize the large bandwidth and low latency characteristics of 5G networks, and cannot accurately predict and meet the peak traffic demand within a specific time period. More importantly, when encountering emergencies, such as network congestion or failure of some nodes, existing technologies often find it difficult to respond quickly and effectively to ensure service quality.

[0005] The present invention proposes a dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method based on 5G network, which overcomes the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention is based on a dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in a 5G network, comprising the following steps: S1. The base station obtains the service request information of all user devices within the coverage of the 5G network; monitors the overall load status of the current 5G network, the channel idle rate of each frequency band and the interference level information; and divides the services into real-time services, big data services, key services and regular services based on the information obtained; S2. For the real-time service, the traffic fluctuation law is analyzed by deep learning algorithm, and the bandwidth resources with the minimum delay requirement are calculated in combination with the network load and channel conditions; for the big data service, the bandwidth resources are allocated in proportion according to the total amount of network idle bandwidth and the proportion of data volume requested by each major data service; for the key service, the primary and backup links are used, and the basic bandwidth is allocated to the primary link while the redundant bandwidth is reserved in the backup link; for the conventional service, the remaining idle bandwidth resources are allocated on a first-come, first-served basis; S3. Based on multi-carrier technology and dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm, the base station maps the allocated bandwidth resources to carriers and subcarriers. According to the location information of the user equipment and the channel quality, the base station optimizes the signal transmission direction and power through beamforming technology so that the user equipment receives the signal corresponding to the allocated bandwidth resources. At the same time, a priority scheduling queue is established to queue different types of services in order of priority and urgency. S4. The base station takes out service data from the head of the queue in turn according to the priority scheduling queue order, adjusts the modulation and coding mode in real time according to the channel quality of the user equipment, verifies data transmission through the hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism, and monitors the network load and the transmission status of each service; S5. After receiving the service data, all user devices feed back confirmation information, the integrity status of data reception and the current channel quality measurement report to the base station; the base station updates the service transmission records and channel quality historical data of all user devices according to the feedback information of all user devices, and evaluates the effect of this bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling; if it is found that there is a large deviation between the actual transmission performance of the service and the expected service quality requirements, or the network is partially congested or resources are idle, re-execute steps S1-S4 to optimize and adjust the bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling strategies to adapt to the dynamic changes of the network and the needs of service diversification.

[0007] Preferably, in S1, based on the acquired information, the services are preliminarily classified into real-time services, big data services, critical services and regular services; the services are preliminarily classified by sensitivity to delay, bandwidth requirements, reliability requirements and general requirements; in the preliminarily classified services, those that are sensitive to delay are classified as real-time services, those that have high bandwidth requirements are classified as big data services, those that have high reliability requirements are classified as critical services, and those that have general requirements are classified as regular services.

[0008] Preferably, the S2 obtains the real-time business in the past Traffic data series within a time period , trained through long short-term memory networks, the trained model predicts the future The flow sequence in the time period is ; The base station monitors the total amount of available bandwidth resources of the current network in real time. and signal-to-noise ratio, calculate the effective transmission rate of each channel , Represents different channels, the formula is: ,in is the channel bandwidth, For the The signal-to-noise ratio of the channel, is the noise power spectrum density; the real-time service is classified as delay-sensitive, and the reserved bandwidth resources are calculated The minimum delay requirement is obtained as follows: ,in is the number of available channels, is the redundancy factor.

[0009] Preferably, the big data service in S2 allocates bandwidth resources in proportion to the total amount of network idle bandwidth and the proportion of data volume requested by the data service, and the base station performs real-time statistics on the total amount of idle bandwidth of the 5G network. , get the data service request volume , , calculate the initial bandwidth resources allocated , the formula is: ,in, For the The bandwidth can be adjusted according to the data transmission progress or the network idle bandwidth changes.

[0010] Preferably, the key business in S2 adopts the main-backup link mode, and the main link in the main-backup link is allocated basic bandwidth according to the basic traffic demand of the key business and the conventional service quality standard; the backup link in the main-backup link is a reliable backup established to deal with network emergencies, and the redundant bandwidth ratio is pre-set according to the importance of the key business; while the basic bandwidth is allocated to the main link, a redundant bandwidth ratio is reserved for the backup link, and the redundant bandwidth ratio is dynamically adjusted according to the stability of the network. The stability is dynamic through real-time monitoring of the packet loss rate, delay, and channel signal-to-noise ratio stability indicators. If there are signs of network instability, the dynamic adjustment mechanism is activated to increase the redundant bandwidth ratio of the backup link. On the contrary, the network is stable for a long time and the redundant bandwidth ratio is reduced.

[0011] Preferably, the conventional services are allocated from the remaining idle bandwidth resources on a first-come, first-served basis; after completing bandwidth allocation for real-time services, big data services and key services, the base station counts the remaining idle bandwidth resources, and when multiple conventional services request access, they are processed on a first-come, first-served basis; the conventional services send service requests to the base station, which records the request time and then records other conventional service requests, queuing them in the order in which the requests arrive; for the allocation of bandwidth for the conventional services, the base station allocates bandwidth to the conventional services at the front of the queue in order from the remaining idle bandwidth resources, and the initial remaining idle bandwidth is , the bandwidth requested by regular services is ,like , bandwidth is allocated to regular services, and then the remaining idle bandwidth is updated to , , and then process the next regular service in the queue, and so on, until the remaining idle bandwidth cannot meet the needs of the next regular service or all regular services have been allocated bandwidth, and bandwidth resources are allocated for regular services.

[0012] Preferably, the base station in S3 maps the allocated bandwidth resources to the carrier and subcarrier based on multi-carrier technology and dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm; the base station divides the carrier resources in the 5G network into multiple carrier sets by multi-carrier technology, and divides a large number of mutually orthogonal subcarriers on each carrier set according to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology; the base station uses a dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm for mapping according to the amount of bandwidth resources allocated to various types of services, combined with the available bandwidth and transmission performance of the carrier and subcarrier; The dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm evaluates the channel status of each subcarrier in the network, measures the signal-to-noise ratio and fading characteristics of each subcarrier to determine the transmission quality, and maps the allocated bandwidth resources to the subcarrier; for the real-time services with high transmission quality requirements, subcarriers with good channel quality and less interference are preferentially allocated.

[0013] Preferably, in S3, a priority scheduling queue is established, and different types of services are queued in sequence according to their priority and urgency; the base station determines the priority rules for various types of services, and real-time services are given the highest priority due to their extremely high latency requirements; critical services are at the second highest priority due to their importance and reliability requirements; big data services are ranked behind them based on their data volume and urgent transmission requirements; conventional services have the lowest priority; the priority scheduling queue is established by setting multiple priority queue levels in the base station. When a service request arrives, the base station quickly identifies the service type and assigns it to the corresponding priority queue based on pre-set priority judgment criteria.

[0014] Preferably, in S4, the modulation and coding mode is adjusted in real time according to the channel quality of the user equipment; when the channel quality is good, a high-order modulation and coding mode is adopted to increase the transmission rate, and when the channel quality is poor, the modulation and coding order is reduced; the base station dynamically adjusts the modulation and coding mode by continuously monitoring the channel quality information of the user equipment, and if the signal-to-noise ratio is higher than the set high-quality threshold, a high-order modulation and coding mode is adopted to increase the transmission rate; if the signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the low-quality threshold, the base station quickly switches to a low-order modulation and coding mode.

[0015] Preferably, in S4, accurate data transmission is ensured by a hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism, the hybrid automatic repeat request sends data to the user equipment through the base station, verifies the received data, and sends confirmation information or negative confirmation information to the base station through a feedback channel; if the base station receives the confirmation information, it indicates that the data transmission is successful and subsequent data can continue to be sent; if a negative confirmation information is received, the retransmission process is immediately triggered; The retransmission process performs retransmission according to a preset retransmission strategy, and dynamically adjusts the bandwidth resource allocation and encoding method of the transmission according to the number of retransmission strategies.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following technical effects: The present invention solves the problem that the traditional bandwidth allocation method cannot flexibly adapt to the diversified business needs by preliminarily classifying the business into real-time business, big data business, key business and conventional business, and adopting specific resource allocation strategies for different types of business; for delay-sensitive real-time business, this solution uses a deep learning algorithm to analyze the traffic fluctuation law and dynamically reserve bandwidth resources that meet the minimum delay requirements; for big data business, bandwidth resources are allocated in proportion to the total amount of network idle bandwidth; key business uses the main and backup links to ensure high reliability; and conventional business is allocated in the remaining idle bandwidth according to the first-come, first-served principle. This not only improves resource utilization, but also ensures the service quality of various types of business, and achieves more accurate and efficient bandwidth allocation.

[0017] The present invention trains the long short-term memory network (LSTM) for real-time services to predict the traffic sequence in the future time period, and calculates the effective transmission rate of each channel in combination with the total amount of available bandwidth resources and signal-to-noise ratio of the current network, thereby solving the problem of unstable service quality caused by large traffic changes in different time periods for real-time services. By predicting traffic trends in advance and rationally planning bandwidth resources, this solution can maximize the use of existing network resources while ensuring low latency for real-time services, avoiding resource waste caused by insufficient or excessive bandwidth, thereby improving user satisfaction with the real-time service experience.

[0018] The present invention solves the risk of interruption of key services when unexpected situations occur in the network by establishing a primary-backup link mechanism for key services, allocating basic bandwidth on the primary link while reserving redundant bandwidth on the backup link, and dynamically adjusting the redundant bandwidth ratio according to network stability. By continuously monitoring stability indicators such as packet loss rate and delay, this solution can increase the redundant bandwidth of the backup link in a timely manner when early signs of network instability are detected, and vice versa, reduce the redundant bandwidth ratio to achieve the purpose of optimizing resource utilization. This not only enhances the reliability and continuity of key services, but also reduces unnecessary resource occupation, ensuring that key services can maintain high-quality service levels even under poor network conditions.

[0019] The present invention solves the problem that carrier resource allocation in traditional 5G networks is not flexible enough and different types of services cannot be properly handled by introducing multi-carrier technology and dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm, as well as establishing a priority scheduling queue. The base station can divide multiple carrier sets based on multi-carrier technology, and further subdivide them into a large number of mutually orthogonal subcarriers, and then map bandwidth resources to the most suitable subcarriers according to the channel state evaluation results of each subcarrier. At the same time, different services are arranged in the scheduling queue in turn according to their priority and urgency, ensuring that high-priority services such as real-time services are given priority. This method greatly improves the allocation efficiency and service quality of network resources, so that multiple types of services can coexist harmoniously in the same network environment without affecting each other, thereby providing a better user experience.

[0020] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application so that it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows.

[0021] Based on the detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present application in combination with the accompanying drawings below, those skilled in the art will become more aware of the above and other objects, advantages and features of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In all drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, each element or part is not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0023] Figure 1This is a flow chart of a method for dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling in a 5G network according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the method for dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling in a 5G network according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a scheduling diagram of the dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in the 5G network based on the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiment of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. In the following description, specific details such as specific configuration and components are provided only to help fully understand the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present application. In addition, for clarity and brevity, the description of known functions and structures is omitted in the embodiment.

[0025] It should be understood that the references to "one embodiment" or "this embodiment" throughout the specification mean that the specific features, structures, or characteristics associated with the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the references to "one embodiment" or "this embodiment" appearing throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0026] In addition, the present application may repeat reference numerals and / or letters in different examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity, and does not in itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed.

[0027] The term "and / or" in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist at the same time. The term " / and" in this article describes another type of association object relationship, indicating that there can be two relationships. For example, A / and B can mean: A exists alone, and A and B exist alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0028] The term "at least one" in this article is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships. For example, at least one of A and B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.

[0029] It should also be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. Example

[0030] This embodiment mainly describes a method for dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling in a 5G network, including the following steps: S1. The base station obtains the service request information of all user devices within the coverage of the 5G network; monitors the overall load status of the current 5G network, the channel idle rate of each frequency band and the interference level information; and divides the services into real-time services, big data services, key services and regular services based on the information obtained; S2: For real-time services, we use deep learning algorithms to analyze traffic fluctuation patterns, combine network load and channel conditions, and calculate the bandwidth resources with the minimum latency requirement. For big data services, we allocate bandwidth resources in proportion to the total amount of network idle bandwidth and the proportion of data volume requested by major data services. For key services, we use the primary and backup link method, allocating basic bandwidth to the primary link while reserving redundant bandwidth on the backup link. For conventional services, we use the first-come-first-served principle to allocate the remaining idle bandwidth resources. S3. Based on multi-carrier technology and dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm, the base station maps the allocated bandwidth resources to carriers and subcarriers. According to the location information of the user equipment and the channel quality, the base station optimizes the signal transmission direction and power through beamforming technology so that the user equipment receives the signal corresponding to the allocated bandwidth resources. At the same time, a priority scheduling queue is established to queue different types of services in order of priority and urgency. S4. According to the priority scheduling queue order, the base station takes out the service data from the head of the queue in turn, and adjusts the modulation and coding mode in real time according to the channel quality of the user equipment, verifies the data transmission through the hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism, and monitors the network load and the transmission status of each service; S5. After receiving the service data, all user devices feed back confirmation information, the integrity status of data reception and the current channel quality measurement report to the base station; the base station updates the service transmission records and channel quality historical data of all user devices according to the feedback information of all user devices, and evaluates the effect of this bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling; if it is found that there is a large deviation between the actual transmission performance of the service and the expected service quality requirements, or the network is partially congested or resources are idle, re-execute steps S1-S4 to optimize and adjust the bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling strategies to adapt to the dynamic changes of the network and the needs of service diversification.

[0031] Furthermore, based on the information obtained, S1 preliminarily classifies the services into real-time services, big data services, key services and regular services. The services are preliminarily classified by sensitivity to delay, bandwidth requirements, reliability requirements and general requirements. In the preliminary classification of services, those that are sensitive to delay are classified as real-time services, those that have high bandwidth requirements are classified as big data services, those that have high reliability requirements are classified as key services, and those that have general requirements are classified as regular services.

[0032] Furthermore, S2 obtains real-time business in the past Traffic data series within a time period , trained through long short-term memory networks, the trained model predicts the future The flow sequence in the time period is ; The base station monitors the total amount of available bandwidth resources of the current network in real time. and signal-to-noise ratio, calculate the effective transmission rate of each channel , Represents different channels, the formula is: ,in is the channel bandwidth, For the The signal-to-noise ratio of the channel, is the noise power spectrum density; real-time services are classified as delay-sensitive and the reserved bandwidth resources are calculated The minimum delay requirement is obtained as follows: ,in is the number of available channels, is the redundancy coefficient; when it is predicted that the real-time service traffic will increase significantly in the future and the quality of some channels in the current network will decline to a certain extent, the reserved bandwidth calculated by this formula will increase accordingly to ensure that even under unfavorable network conditions, the real-time service can complete data transmission within the specified minimum delay, thereby ensuring the service quality of the real-time service.

[0033] Furthermore, in S2, the big data service allocates bandwidth resources in proportion to the total amount of network idle bandwidth and the proportion of data volume requested by the data service. The base station performs real-time statistics on the total amount of idle bandwidth of the 5G network. , get the data service request volume , , calculate the initial bandwidth resources allocated , the formula is: ,in, For the The amount of data service requests; set bandwidth adjustment thresholds to reallocate bandwidth when the service transmission progress reaches a set ratio or the network idle bandwidth changes; During the service transmission process, a bandwidth adjustment threshold is set. For example, when the service transmission progress reaches 50%, the base station will re-evaluate the network status. If the network idle bandwidth at this time increases or decreases by more than 30% compared with the initial allocation (the ratio can be set according to the actual network situation), the bandwidth reallocation mechanism will be triggered. When reallocating, the bandwidth resources of each big data service will still be recalculated according to the updated total network idle bandwidth and the proportion of the remaining untransmitted data volume, ensuring that when network resources change dynamically, big data services can use bandwidth resources efficiently and fairly to maintain good transmission performance.

[0034] Furthermore, the key services in S2 adopt the main-backup link mode. The main link in the main-backup link is allocated basic bandwidth according to the basic traffic demand of the key services and the conventional service quality standards; the backup link in the main-backup link is a reliable backup set up to deal with network emergencies, and the proportion of redundant bandwidth is pre-set according to the importance of the key services; while the main link allocates basic bandwidth, a proportion of redundant bandwidth is reserved for the backup link, and the proportion of redundant bandwidth is dynamically adjusted according to the stability of the network. The stability is dynamic through real-time monitoring of the packet loss rate, delay, and channel signal-to-noise ratio stability indicators. If there are signs of network instability, the dynamic adjustment mechanism is activated to increase the proportion of redundant bandwidth of the backup link. On the contrary, if the network is stable for a long time, the proportion of redundant bandwidth is reduced; During network operation, the network stability indicators are continuously monitored, such as packet loss rate, delay jitter, and fluctuations in channel quality. When the network stability is poor, such as when the packet loss rate exceeds a certain threshold (such as 5%) or the delay jitter amplitude is greater than the set limit value, it means that the current network condition is not good. At this time, the redundant bandwidth ratio will be dynamically increased. The redundant bandwidth will be increased according to a certain step size (such as increasing by 10% each time) to enhance the guarantee capability of the backup link and ensure the reliable transmission of key services. On the contrary, if the network remains stable for a long time and all indicators are within a good range, after a certain period of observation and evaluation, the redundant bandwidth ratio can be appropriately reduced to release more bandwidth resources for other services. However, a minimum redundant bandwidth will always be maintained to respond to sudden network conditions. Furthermore, for conventional services, the remaining idle bandwidth resources are allocated on a first-come, first-served basis. After the base station completes bandwidth allocation for real-time services, big data services, and key services, it counts the remaining idle bandwidth resources. When multiple conventional service requests are received, they are processed on a first-come, first-served basis. Conventional services send service requests to the base station, which records the request time and then other conventional service requests, queuing them in the order in which the requests arrive. For the allocation of bandwidth for conventional services, the base station allocates bandwidth to the conventional services at the front of the queue in order from the remaining idle bandwidth resources. Initially, the remaining idle bandwidth is , the bandwidth requested by regular services is ,like , bandwidth is allocated to regular services, and then the remaining idle bandwidth is updated to , , and then process the next regular service in the queue, and so on, until the remaining idle bandwidth cannot meet the needs of the next regular service or all regular services have been allocated bandwidth, and bandwidth resources are allocated for regular services.

[0035] Furthermore, in S3, the base station maps the allocated bandwidth resources to carriers and subcarriers based on multi-carrier technology and dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm; the base station divides the carrier resources in the 5G network into multiple carrier sets through multi-carrier technology, and divides a large number of mutually orthogonal subcarriers on each carrier set according to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology; the base station uses a dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm for mapping based on the amount of bandwidth resources allocated to various services, combined with the available bandwidth and transmission performance of the carriers and subcarriers; The dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm evaluates the channel status of each subcarrier in the network, measures the signal-to-noise ratio and fading characteristics of each subcarrier to determine the transmission quality, and maps the allocated bandwidth resources to the subcarriers. For real-time services with high transmission quality requirements, subcarriers with good channel quality and less interference are preferentially allocated. For example, for bandwidth resources allocated to real-time services, priority is given to subcarriers with stable channel quality and low latency, and the subcarriers are concentrated on some high-quality frequency bands of low-frequency carriers. For big data services, due to their large demand for bandwidth, more continuous subcarriers will be allocated on high-frequency carriers to meet their transmission requirements. Through the above methods, the bandwidth resources of different services are reasonably and efficiently mapped to the corresponding carriers and subcarriers, giving full play to the resource advantages of multi-carriers and subcarriers of 5G networks, and realizing high-quality transmission of various services.

[0036] Furthermore, in S3, a priority scheduling queue is established, and different types of services are queued in order according to their priority and urgency; the base station determines the priority rules for various types of services, and real-time services are given the highest priority due to their extremely high latency requirements; critical services are given the second highest priority due to their importance and reliability requirements; big data services are ranked after them based on their data volume and urgent transmission requirements; conventional services have the lowest priority; the establishment of a priority scheduling queue is achieved by setting up multiple priority queue levels in the base station. When a service request arrives, the base station quickly identifies the service type and assigns it to the corresponding priority queue based on the pre-set priority judgment criteria.

[0037] Furthermore, in S4, the modulation and coding method is adjusted in real time according to the channel quality of the user equipment; when the channel quality is good, a high-order modulation and coding method is used to increase the transmission rate, and when the channel quality is poor, the modulation and coding order is reduced; the base station dynamically adjusts the modulation and coding method by continuously monitoring the channel quality information of the user equipment. If the signal-to-noise ratio is higher than the set high-quality threshold, a high-order modulation and coding method is used to increase the transmission rate; if the signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the low-quality threshold, the base station quickly switches to a low-order modulation and coding method.

[0038] Furthermore, in S4, the hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism is used to ensure accurate data transmission. The hybrid automatic repeat request sends data to the user equipment through the base station, verifies the received data, and sends confirmation information or negative confirmation information to the base station through the feedback channel. If the base station receives the confirmation information, it indicates that the data transmission is successful and the subsequent data can continue to be sent. If a negative confirmation information is received, the retransmission process is immediately triggered. The retransmission process retransmits according to a pre-set retransmission strategy and dynamically adjusts the bandwidth resource allocation and encoding method of the transmission according to the number of retransmission strategies; For example, during the first retransmission, if the channel quality assessment is still within an acceptable range, a certain proportion (such as 10%) of bandwidth resources will be added to retransmit the data, and the original encoding method will be maintained but the encoding redundancy will be increased; as the number of retransmissions increases, if the channel quality does not improve, such as when the number of retransmissions reaches 3 times, the bandwidth resource allocation will be greatly increased (by 30% - 50%), and at the same time, it will switch to a lower-order encoding method with greater error correction capabilities to enhance the redundancy of the encoding, ensure that the data can ultimately be transmitted accurately, and effectively cope with the complex and changeable 5G network transmission environment.

[0039] This embodiment effectively solves the contradiction between different types of business requirements and resource allocation flexibility in traditional networks by implementing intelligent dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling methods. In view of the different characteristics of real-time services, big data services, key services and conventional services, advanced means such as deep learning algorithms to predict traffic, primary and backup link redundancy design, multi-carrier technology and dynamic subcarrier allocation are adopted to ensure low latency and high reliability transmission of high-priority services, while maximizing the utilization efficiency of network resources. In addition, through real-time monitoring of channel quality and adaptive adjustment of modulation and coding methods, this solution not only optimizes the data transmission rate, but also enhances the network's responsiveness to emergencies, thereby significantly improving the overall service quality and user experience. Example

[0040] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and describes in detail how a base station maps allocated bandwidth resources to carriers and subcarriers through a multi-carrier technology and a dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm, specifically including: The base station evaluates the available carrier resources. If the available carrier set is , each carrier With different frequency band characteristics and transmission capabilities, the allocated bandwidth resources , mapped to the carrier; suppose allocated to the carrier The bandwidth on , can be obtained by formula ,in For carrier bandwidth, For carrier The bandwidth of each carrier is determined by a formula, and the bandwidth ratio allocated to each carrier is subdivided in combination with a dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm.

[0041] In terms of dynamic subcarrier allocation, subcarrier is a subdivision unit of carrier. Multiple mutually orthogonal subcarrier sets can be divided , evaluate the channel quality of each subcarrier, and use Indicates subcarrier The channel quality indicator for the allocated carrier Bandwidth , allocated in proportion to the channel quality of the subcarriers, such as Allocated bandwidth The formula can be Calculations show that high-quality subcarriers can carry more business data.

[0042] Based on the location information of the user equipment and the channel quality status, the base station obtains the location coordinates of the user equipment And measure channel quality parameters, measure channel quality parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio and signal strength, calculate the optimal beam direction and power, so that the signal energy is concentrated on the target user equipment, enhance the signal reception effect, and ensure that the user equipment can smoothly receive the signal corresponding to the allocated bandwidth resources.

[0043] When establishing a priority scheduling queue, the base station sorts the services according to their priority and urgency. Set to the highest level, such as ; Critical business is second, and the priority is set 4. Big data services are prioritized based on their data volume and urgency , the value range is between 2-3; regular business priority The lowest is set to 1. When there is a service request, the services are queued in descending order according to priority. Services with the same priority are arranged in the order of request time to ensure that high-priority and urgent services can obtain processing and transmission resources first.

[0044] This embodiment describes in detail the significant technical effects achieved in the dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling of 5G networks through the coordinated operation of the above-mentioned multi-carrier and dynamic sub-carrier allocation, beamforming technology and priority scheduling queue. In terms of bandwidth allocation, the fine allocation of multi-carrier and sub-carrier fully utilizes the network spectrum resources, improves resource utilization, and ensures that various services obtain bandwidth on demand; beamforming technology effectively overcomes the interference and attenuation problems in signal transmission, enhances signal strength and stability, enables user equipment to reliably receive signals, and reduces transmission bit error rate and interruption risks; priority scheduling queues ensure strong real-time and efficient processing of key services, reduce service transmission delays, optimize 5G network performance as a whole, improve user experience, meet network service quality requirements in diversified business scenarios, and strongly promote the wide application and efficient operation of 5G networks in various fields. Example

[0045] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and describes in detail the optimization technology of scheduling queues in accordance with priorities, wherein the base station sequentially takes service data from the head of the queue, and adjusts the modulation and coding mode in real time according to the channel quality of the user equipment, which specifically includes: The base station first focuses on the service data at the head of the queue, because it represents service requirements with higher priority or urgency. Let the service data queue be represented as ,in At the head of the queue; the base station will extract it first Processing ensures that high-priority services can obtain transmission resources in a timely manner and reduce their waiting time. This is crucial for delay-sensitive services and ensures the smoothness and immediacy of these services.

[0046] When processing service data, the base station dynamically adjusts the modulation and coding method according to the channel quality of the user equipment. The channel quality of the user equipment is quantitatively evaluated by measuring its signal-to-noise ratio. Suppose the signal-to-noise ratio of the current user equipment is ,when Above the set quality threshold When the channel error is 30dB, the base station uses high-order modulation, such as (256QAM) or even higher-order modulation schemes, to fully utilize the good channel conditions to increase the data transmission rate. At this time, the coding method can choose the relatively efficient low-density parity check code (LDPC), which reduces the coding overhead while ensuring a certain error correction capability. Below the set low threshold When the error is greater than 10 dB (such as 10 dB), the base station switches to a low-order modulation mode to enhance anti-interference capability. At the same time, the coding mode is adjusted to Turbo code with stronger error correction capability, and the coding redundancy is increased to ensure reliable data transmission in harsh channel environments.

[0047] When the base station sends data to all devices, all devices will perform integrity checks on the received data and feedback confirmation information (ACK) or negative confirmation information (NACK) to the base station; if the base station receives ACK, it means that the data transmission is successful and the subsequent data can continue to be sent; if NACK is received, the retransmission process is immediately started. Set the number of retransmissions to , for the first retransmission ( ), the base station increases the transmission power of the retransmitted data , for example according to the formula (in is the original transmission power, is the power adjustment coefficient set according to the channel conditions, such as 0.1), to improve the reception success rate of retransmitted data, while maintaining the original modulation and coding method but slightly increasing the coding redundancy; as the number of retransmissions increases, if the channel quality does not improve, when When the base station will significantly increase the transmission power (such as At the same time, it switches to a lower-order modulation and coding method to further improve the coding redundancy, ensuring that the data can ultimately be transmitted accurately to all devices, effectively reducing the bit error rate and packet loss rate of data transmission.

[0048] The base station continuously monitors the network load and the transmission status of each service. For network load, the amount of service data currently being transmitted in the network is counted. and available network bandwidth resources , calculate the network load rate ,when Exceeds a certain high load threshold When the congestion is reached, the base station will start the congestion control mechanism, such as limiting the sending rate of low-priority services, setting the original sending rate of low-priority services to , the formula is: (in is the rate adjustment factor set according to the congestion level, such as 0.2). To adjust the rate; by reducing the sending rate, give priority to ensuring the transmission quality of high-priority services; at the same time, for the transmission status of each service, the base station records the transmission delay and throughput indicators of each service. If it is found that the transmission performance of a certain service is significantly lower than the expected standard (such as the delay of real-time services exceeds the maximum allowable delay), the base station will re-evaluate the priority and resource allocation of the service, temporarily increase its priority, and adjust its bandwidth resource allocation and modulation and coding methods to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the entire network and that the service quality of various services meets the requirements.

[0049] This embodiment processes service data according to the priority scheduling queue, ensuring the immediate response of high-priority services, and greatly improving the reliability and fluency of application scenarios with extremely high real-time requirements such as telemedicine and autonomous driving. The modulation and coding method is dynamically adjusted based on the channel quality of the user equipment, and the effective operation of the hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism enables data transmission to flexibly adapt to the complex and changing channel environment, fully utilizing channel resources while ensuring transmission reliability, effectively reducing the bit error rate and the number of retransmissions, and improving the overall transmission efficiency. Continuously monitoring the network load and service transmission status and taking corresponding measures can not only avoid network congestion and ensure the stability of the network, but also dynamically optimize resource allocation according to actual conditions, ensuring that various types of services can obtain appropriate service quality under different network conditions, thereby comprehensively improving the performance and user experience of the 5G network, and effectively promoting the widespread application and in-depth development of 5G technology in various fields. Example

[0050] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1 and describes in detail a specific implementation method of a dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in a 5G network; Suppose a large-scale smart factory park has deployed a 5G network. There are a large number of industrial equipment, surveillance cameras, office terminals and other user equipment (UE) in the park. The business data generated by these devices needs to be transmitted through the 5G network.

[0051] In a certain period of time, the base station collected the service request information of all devices in the park. Among them, 50 industrial automation control devices generate real-time service requests. These devices need to feedback various status information on the production line to the control center in real time, and have extremely high latency requirements. For example, the precise operation instruction feedback of the robot arm must be controlled within 1 millisecond. By analyzing the traffic data sequence of these real-time services in the past 100 time periods, after long short-term memory network training, the traffic fluctuation in the next 20 time periods is predicted. At the same time, the base station monitors that the total amount of available bandwidth resources in the current network is 1000Mbps, and the signal-to-noise ratio of each channel is between 20dB-40dB. The effective transmission rate of each channel is calculated according to the formula. Assuming that the average effective transmission rate is 50Mbps, combined with the redundancy coefficient of 0.2, the bandwidth resources reserved for real-time services are calculated according to the formula to be 300Mbps, ensuring the low-latency transmission of these real-time services. In actual operation, the instruction transmission delay of these industrial automation control devices is always kept within 0.8 milliseconds, meeting production needs.

[0052] There are also 30 high-definition surveillance cameras that generate big data service requests, and each camera generates about 2GB of video data per hour. The base station statistics show that the total idle bandwidth of the 5G network is 400Mbps at this time. According to the data volume ratio of each major data service request, the initial bandwidth resources allocated to each surveillance camera are calculated. For example, one camera is allocated a bandwidth of 20Mbps. During the data transmission process, when the service transmission progress reaches 60%, the network idle bandwidth increases by 200Mbps due to the reduction of UE service volume in some areas, triggering the bandwidth reallocation mechanism. The bandwidth resources of the camera are adjusted to 30Mbps, so that the video data can be transmitted to the monitoring center quickly and stably. The fluency of the monitoring video is improved from occasional freezes to almost no freezes, effectively ensuring the safety monitoring of the park.

[0053] At the same time, 10 key business equipment, such as the remote diagnosis system of core production equipment, adopt the main and backup link mode. The main link is allocated a basic bandwidth of 100Mbps according to its basic traffic demand and service quality standards, and the backup link reserves 40% redundant bandwidth, that is, 40Mbps, according to its importance. During the operation of the network, at a certain moment, the network was briefly disturbed and the packet loss rate rose to 8%, exceeding the set 5% threshold. The system immediately started the dynamic adjustment mechanism and increased the redundant bandwidth ratio of the backup link to 60%, that is, 60Mbps, ensuring the reliable transmission of remote diagnosis data, avoiding diagnostic errors caused by network fluctuations, and ensuring the normal operation of core production equipment.

[0054] The remaining 200 office terminals generate regular service requests, such as file downloading and email sending. After the base station completes the bandwidth allocation for the above services, the remaining idle bandwidth is 260Mbps. When the office terminal sends a service request to the base station, it queues on a first-come, first-served basis. For example, the first office terminal requests to download a 100MB file, and the required bandwidth is 15Mbps. The base station allocates bandwidth to it from the remaining idle bandwidth. After the download is completed, the remaining idle bandwidth is updated to 245Mbps. The service requests of subsequent office terminals are processed in sequence, ensuring the orderly progress of office services and improving office efficiency.

[0055] In the data transmission stage, the base station performs resource mapping based on multi-carrier technology and dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm. For example, for real-time services, subcarriers with a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 35dB and less interference are preferentially allocated. These subcarriers are concentrated on high-quality frequency bands in the low frequency band, ensuring the transmission quality of real-time services. At the same time, a priority scheduling queue is established, and real-time services are placed at the head of the highest priority queue to ensure priority processing. During the transmission process, the base station continuously monitors the channel quality of the UE. When the channel quality of a certain industrial automation control equipment is good and the signal-to-noise ratio reaches 38dB, the 256QAM high-order modulation and coding method is used, and the data transmission rate reaches 50Mbps, which efficiently transmits data; when an office terminal is at the edge of the network, the channel quality is poor, and the signal-to-noise ratio is only 8dB, the base station quickly switches to the QPSK low-order modulation and coding method. Although the transmission rate is reduced to 10Mbps, it ensures reliable data transmission.

[0056] Through the hybrid automatic retransmission request mechanism, if an error occurs in a data block received by a surveillance camera, the base station will retransmit immediately after receiving a negative confirmation message. During the initial retransmission, 10% of the bandwidth resources are added for retransmission, and the original encoding method is maintained but the encoding redundancy is increased, and the retransmission is successful. As the network load and service transmission status change, the base station continues to monitor. When the network load rate reaches 80% (the set high load threshold), the base station limits the sending rate of regular services, such as reducing the sending rate of an office terminal that is downloading files by 20%, giving priority to ensuring the transmission quality of high-priority services.

[0057] Through the above practical application cases in the smart factory park, this embodiment fully demonstrates the excellent technical effects of this application in dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling of 5G networks, which can effectively meet the needs of different business types and ensure the efficient and stable operation of the network.

[0058] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, which do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any changes, modifications, replacements, integrations and parameter changes to these embodiments within the spirit and principles of the present invention through conventional substitutions or without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling in a 5G network, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The base station obtains the service request information of all user devices within the coverage of the 5G network; monitors the overall load status of the current 5G network, the channel idle rate of each frequency band and the interference level information; and divides the services into real-time services, big data services, key services and regular services based on the information obtained; S2. For the real-time service, the traffic fluctuation law is analyzed by deep learning algorithm, and the bandwidth resources with the minimum delay requirement are calculated in combination with the network load and channel conditions; for the big data service, the bandwidth resources are allocated in proportion according to the total amount of network idle bandwidth and the proportion of data volume requested by each major data service; for the key service, the primary and backup links are used, and the basic bandwidth is allocated to the primary link while the redundant bandwidth is reserved in the backup link; for the conventional service, the remaining idle bandwidth resources are allocated on a first-come, first-served basis; S3. Based on multi-carrier technology and dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm, the base station maps the allocated bandwidth resources to carriers and subcarriers. According to the location information of the user equipment and the channel quality, the base station optimizes the signal transmission direction and power through beamforming technology so that the user equipment receives the signal corresponding to the allocated bandwidth resources. At the same time, a priority scheduling queue is established to queue different types of services in order of priority and urgency. S4. According to the priority scheduling queue order, the base station takes out the service data from the head of the queue in turn, and adjusts the modulation and coding mode in real time according to the channel quality of the user equipment, verifies the data transmission through the hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism, and monitors the network load and the transmission status of each service; S5. After receiving the service data, all user devices feed back confirmation information, the integrity status of data reception and the current channel quality measurement report to the base station; the base station updates the service transmission records and channel quality historical data of all user devices according to the feedback information of all user devices, and evaluates the effect of this bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling; if it is found that there is a large deviation between the actual transmission performance of the service and the expected service quality requirements, or the network is partially congested or resources are idle, re-execute steps S1-S4 to optimize and adjust the bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling strategies to adapt to the dynamic changes of the network and the needs of service diversification.

2. The method for dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling in a 5G network according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, based on the acquired information, the services are preliminarily classified into real-time services, big data services, critical services and regular services; the services are preliminarily classified by sensitivity to delay, bandwidth requirements, reliability requirements and general requirements; in the preliminarily classified services, those that are sensitive to delay are classified as real-time services, those that have high bandwidth requirements are classified as big data services, those that have high reliability requirements are classified as critical services, and those that have general requirements are classified as regular services.

3. The method for dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling in a 5G network according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The S2 obtains real-time business in the past Traffic data series within a time period , trained through long short-term memory networks, the trained model predicts the future The flow sequence in the time period is ; The base station monitors the total amount of available bandwidth resources of the current network in real time. and signal-to-noise ratio, calculate the effective transmission rate of each channel , Represents different channels, the formula is: ,in is the channel bandwidth, For the The signal-to-noise ratio of the channel, is the noise power spectrum density; the real-time service is classified as delay-sensitive, and the reserved bandwidth resources are calculated The minimum delay requirement is obtained as follows: ,in is the number of available channels, is the redundancy factor.

4. The method for dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling in a 5G network according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The big data service in S2 allocates bandwidth resources in proportion to the total amount of network idle bandwidth and the proportion of data volume requested by the data service. The base station performs real-time statistics on the total amount of idle bandwidth of the 5G network. , get the data service request volume , , calculate the initial bandwidth resources allocated , the formula is: ,in, For the The bandwidth can be adjusted according to the data transmission progress or the network idle bandwidth changes.

5. The method for dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling in a 5G network according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The key business in S2 adopts the main and backup link mode, and the main link in the main and backup links is allocated basic bandwidth according to the basic traffic demand of the key business and the conventional service quality standards; the backup link in the main and backup links is a reliable backup established to deal with network emergencies, and the redundant bandwidth ratio is pre-set according to the importance of the key business; while the basic bandwidth is allocated to the main link, a redundant bandwidth ratio is reserved for the backup link, and the redundant bandwidth ratio is dynamically adjusted according to the stability of the network. The stability is dynamic through real-time monitoring of the packet loss rate, delay, and channel signal-to-noise ratio stability indicators. If there are signs of network instability, the dynamic adjustment mechanism is activated to increase the redundant bandwidth ratio of the backup link. On the contrary, the network is stable for a long time and the redundant bandwidth ratio is reduced.

6. The method for dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling in a 5G network according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The conventional services are allocated from the remaining idle bandwidth resources on a first-come-first-served basis. After completing bandwidth allocation for real-time services, big data services and key services, the base station counts the remaining idle bandwidth resources. When multiple conventional services request access, they are processed on a first-come-first-served basis. The conventional services send service requests to the base station, which records the request time and then records other conventional service requests, queuing them in the order in which the requests arrive. For the allocation of bandwidth for the conventional services, the base station allocates bandwidth to the conventional services at the front of the queue in order from the remaining idle bandwidth resources. Initially, the remaining idle bandwidth is , the bandwidth requested by regular services is ,like , bandwidth is allocated to regular services, and then the remaining idle bandwidth is updated to , , and then process the next regular service in the queue, and so on, until the remaining idle bandwidth cannot meet the needs of the next regular service or all regular services have been allocated bandwidth, and bandwidth resources are allocated for regular services.

7. The method for dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling in a 5G network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base station in S3 maps the allocated bandwidth resources to carriers and subcarriers based on multi-carrier technology and dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm; the base station divides the carrier resources in the 5G network into multiple carrier sets by using multi-carrier technology, and divides a large number of mutually orthogonal subcarriers on each carrier set according to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology; the base station uses a dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm for mapping according to the amount of bandwidth resources allocated to various services, combined with the available bandwidth and transmission performance of the carriers and subcarriers; The dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm evaluates the channel status of each subcarrier in the network, measures the signal-to-noise ratio and fading characteristics of each subcarrier to determine the transmission quality, and maps the allocated bandwidth resources to the subcarrier; for the real-time services with high transmission quality requirements, subcarriers with good channel quality and less interference are preferentially allocated.

8. The method for dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling in a 5G network according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, a priority scheduling queue is established, and different types of services are queued in order according to their priority and urgency; the base station determines the priority rules for various types of services, and real-time services are given the highest priority due to their extremely high latency requirements; Critical business is ranked second due to its importance and reliability requirements; big data business is ranked after it due to its data volume and urgent transmission requirements; conventional business has the lowest priority; The priority scheduling queue is established by setting multiple priority queue levels in the base station. When a service request arrives, the base station quickly identifies the service type and puts it into the corresponding priority queue based on a preset priority judgment standard.

9. The method for dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling in a 5G network according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S4, the modulation and coding method is adjusted in real time according to the channel quality of the user equipment; when the channel quality is good, a high-order modulation and coding method is used to increase the transmission rate, and when the channel quality is poor, the modulation and coding order is reduced; the base station dynamically adjusts the modulation and coding method by continuously monitoring the channel quality information of the user equipment, and if the signal-to-noise ratio is higher than the set high-quality threshold, a high-order modulation and coding method is used to increase the transmission rate; if the signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the low-quality threshold, the base station quickly switches to a low-order modulation and coding method.

10. The method for dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling in a 5G network according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism is used to ensure accurate data transmission. The hybrid automatic repeat request sends data to the user equipment through the base station, verifies the received data, and sends confirmation information or negative confirmation information to the base station through the feedback channel. If the base station receives the confirmation information, it indicates that the data transmission is successful and the subsequent data can continue to be sent. If a negative confirmation information is received, the retransmission process is immediately triggered. The retransmission process performs retransmission according to a preset retransmission strategy, and dynamically adjusts the bandwidth resource allocation and encoding method of the transmission according to the number of retransmission strategies.

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