Carbon capture composites

Abstract

The present invention relates to a carbon capture composite comprising: a textile substrate coated or impregnated with a plurality of carbon capture moieties, each carbon capture moiety formed by a chemical reaction between one or more linking reagents and a polyamine material suitable for carbon capture, wherein each carbon capture moiety is covalently bonded to the textile substrate via one or more covalent bonds formed between the one or more linking agents and the textile substrate, and wherein the polyamine material has a weight average molecular weight of at least about 20,000 Daltons (Da). The invention also provides a method for capturing carbon dioxide using the carbon capture composite, a method for regenerating the carbon capture composite, and a method for preparing the carbon capture composite of the invention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to carbon capture composite materials and methods for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) using the carbon capture composite materials. Also disclosed herein are methods for regenerating the carbon capture composite materials and methods for preparing the carbon capture composite materials. Background Art

[0002] The listing or discussion of an apparently prior-published document in this specification should not necessarily be taken as an admission that the document is part of the state of the art or is common general knowledge.

[0003] As greenhouse gases increase, so too does the threat to the health of the climate, so it is important to both reduce CO2 emissions and remove existing CO2.

[0004] One strategy to capture CO2 from the air is by mineralizing CO2, thereby capturing CO2 and converting it into mineral products. Sequestering CO2 by mineralizing the captured CO2 is a reliable method for permanent storage of CO2 in solid form.

[0005] Functionalization to impart carbon capture properties to textiles is a particular area of ​​interest. Given the amount of textiles used in the fashion industry, it is well known that the textile industry is one of the major contributors to the release of CO2 into the atmosphere. However, if these garments could capture and sequester CO2, this would be a significant shift as it would help reduce CO2 in the atmosphere.

[0006] In order for textiles to become a viable means for capturing CO2, methods are needed that allow carbon capture capacity to be incorporated into textiles using standard industrial processes for textiles, as well as methods that allow the resulting textiles to be able to capture CO2 (especially in warmer climates) and / or methods that allow for the selective disposal of the captured CO2.

[0007] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide improved carbon capture composites, and / or to provide the public with a useful alternative. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present invention provides a carbon capture composite material, comprising:

[0009] A textile substrate coated or impregnated with a plurality of carbon capture moieties, each carbon capture moiety formed by a chemical reaction between one or more linking agents and a polyamine material suitable for carbon capture,

[0010] wherein each carbon capture moiety is covalently bonded to the textile substrate via one or more covalent bonds formed between the one or more linking agents and the textile substrate, and wherein the weight average molecular weight of the polyamine material is at least about 20,000 Daltons (Da).

[0011] The composite materials of the present invention effectively absorb CO2 at temperature and humidity levels common in tropical, subtropical, arid and temperate climates. Under common climatic conditions, the absorbed CO2 is retained by the composite material, but can be easily removed by washing the composite material with a detergent or exposing the composite material to high temperatures (e.g., about 50°C, about 60°C or higher), thereby allowing the captured CO2 to be selectively disposed of. The inventors have also found that the composite materials of the present invention exhibit good CO2 capture retention capabilities (i.e., the composite materials of the present invention exhibit good washability) when subjected to multiple rounds of washing cycles using detergents. The composite materials of the present invention can also be prepared using reagents and methods suitable for industrial-scale production of textiles and using textile industry standard machines such as padding mills and tentering frames.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for capturing CO2, the method comprising contacting the composite material of the present invention with gaseous CO2.

[0013] The invention further provides a method for preparing the composite material of the invention, and a method for regenerating the composite material of the invention.

[0014] Preferred but optional features are set out in the dependent claims. Further aspects and embodiments of the carbon capture composites and methods of the invention will become apparent from the following description, drawings and claims. It will be understood from the foregoing and the following description that every feature described herein and every combination of two or more such features is included within the scope of the present disclosure, provided that the features included in such combination are not mutually inconsistent. In addition, any feature or combination of features may be expressly excluded from any embodiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figures 1 to 3 Shown are the results of iterative experiments to optimize polyamine functionalization of substrates using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Figure 1 The first round of experiments is shown. Figure 2 The second round of experiments is shown, and Figure 3 The third round of experiments is shown.

[0016] Figure 4Shown is the change in CO2 concentration (ppm CO2 / g textile substrate / polyamine-functionalized textile substrate) over time in a CO2 chamber containing: (a) a blank; (b) a sample of unmodified cotton textile; (c) a cotton textile that has been soaked with PEI without a linking agent and then washed; (d) in a dry environment; and (e) a sample of a cotton T-shirt functionalized with PEI in a wet environment.

[0017] Figure 5 Shown is the change in CO2 concentration (ppm CO2 / g polyamine-functionalized textile substrate) over time in a CO2 chamber containing a regenerated cellulose material functionalized with polyamine (25 kDa PEI), where the linking agent used in the polyamine functionalization is (a) 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA); (b) poly(acrylic acid) (AA); or (c) citric acid (CA).

[0018] Figure 6 Shown is the change in CO2 concentration (ppm CO2 / g polyamine functionalized textile substrate) over time with detergent washing in a CO2 chamber containing polyamine (750 kDa PEI) functionalized t-shirt polyester cotton.

[0019] Figure 7 Shown is the extrapolation of the number of wash cycles for a polyamine (750 kDa PEI) functionalized t-shirt polyester cotton over a typical lifespan (approximately 25 wash cycles).

[0020] Figure 8 The CO2 capture performance of a polyamine (750 kDa PEI) functionalized shirt under ambient conditions is shown.

[0021] Fig. 9 The ingress of CO2 in a baseline measurement is shown as a function of time of ambient conditions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention provides a carbon capture composite material, comprising:

[0023] A textile substrate coated or impregnated with a plurality of carbon capture moieties, each carbon capture moiety formed by a chemical reaction between one or more linking agents and a polyamine material suitable for carbon capture,

[0024] wherein each carbon capture moiety is covalently bonded to the textile substrate via one or more covalent bonds formed between the one or more linking agents and the textile substrate, and wherein the weight average molecular weight of the polyamine material is at least about 20,000 Da.

[0025] The inventors have found that the carbon capture composite materials according to the present invention are unexpectedly effective in capturing gaseous CO2. For example, the carbon capture capacity of the composite material can be, for example, at least about 0.1 mg (e.g., at least about 1 mg, about 5 mg, about 10 mg, about 20 mg, about 30 mg, or more) of CO2 / gram of composite material. The inventors have also found that the composite materials of the present invention exhibit good washability. That is, the composite materials of the present invention are able to maintain at least about 10% of their CO2 capture capacity after being subjected to 1 to 50 washing cycles, more specifically after being subjected to about 10 to 40 washing cycles (e.g., about 25 washing cycles).

[0026] As used herein, the term "carbon capture capacity" refers to the amount of CO2 that the carbon capture composite material of the present invention can absorb under ambient conditions, typically at a temperature of about 20°C to about 30°C, at a humidity level of about 50% to about 60%, and at atmospheric pressure (e.g., about 1 atm / about 101 kPa).

[0027] The carbon capture capacity of the composite material of the present invention may refer to the amount of CO2 absorbed by a specific mass of the composite material, such as the mass or moles of CO2 absorbed by one gram of the composite material of the present invention.

[0028] Typically, the CO2 capture capacity of the composite material of the present invention is about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg of CO2 / gram of carbon capture composite material, for example, about 1 mg to about 50 mg, about 1 mg to about 40 mg, about 1 mg to about 30 mg, about 1 mg to about 20 mg, or about 1 mg to about 10 mg of CO2 / gram of carbon capture composite material as measured at a temperature of about 20°C to about 30°C, at a humidity level of about 50% to about 60%, and at atmospheric pressure (i.e., about 1 atm / about 101 kPa).

[0029] In an embodiment, each carbon capture portion is formed from one or more linking agents and a polyamine material having a weight average molecular weight of at least about 20,000 Da (e.g., at least about 25,000 Da, such as at least about 600,000 Da, at least about 700,000 Da, or at least about 750,000 Da). For example, the weight average molecular weight of the polyamine material can be about 20,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da, such as about 600,000 Da to about 800,000 Da (e.g., about 700,000 Da to about 800,000 Da, such as about 750,000 Da). The present inventors have found that by using a polyamine material having a weight average molecular weight of at least about 20,000 Da in the formation of the carbon capture portion, the carbon capture composite material is able to easily absorb CO2 under common environmental conditions (e.g., a temperature of about 20°C to about 30°C, a humidity level of about 50% to about 60%, and atmospheric pressure), and release the absorbed CO2 only when heated at a temperature of at least 40°C (e.g., about 50°C, about 60°C, or higher) or washed with a detergent, thereby making the composite material a very attractive material for capturing CO2 and selectively disposing of the captured CO2. In certain embodiments, it may be necessary to subject the composite material to a temperature of at least 40°C (e.g., about 50°C, about 60°C, or higher) under vacuum to release the absorbed CO2, or to wash the composite material with a solvent (e.g., water) including a detergent or a base (e.g., NaOH).

[0030] As used herein, the term "weight average molecular weight" describes the molecular weight distribution of polymer molecules in a given polymer material, such as a polyamine material, or a carbon capture moiety formed by a chemical reaction between one or more linking agents and a polyamine material. Large and small polymer molecules are of different sizes (i.e., different chain lengths), and therefore it is necessary to take any kind of average. The weight average molecular weight of a polymer can be calculated by the weight fraction distribution of polymer molecules of different sizes in a given polymer sample. The term "weight average molecular weight" is a term known in the art for defining the molecular weight of a polymer. With respect to the carbon capture moiety disclosed herein, the weight average molecular weight refers to the weight average molecular weight of the carbon capture moiety formed by a chemical reaction between one or more linking agents and a polyamine material suitable for carbon capture.

[0031] In certain embodiments, the weight average molecular weight of the carbon capture portion is at least about 40,000 Da (e.g., at least about 50,000 Da). For example, the weight average molecular weight of the carbon capture portion is at least about 600,000 Da, at least about 700,000 Da, or at least about 750,000 Da. In such embodiments, when the weight average molecular weight of the polyamine material used to form the carbon capture portion is less than about 40,000 Da, each carbon capture portion is formed by at least two or more polyamine molecules of one or more linking agents and the polyamine material.

[0032] When the weight average molecular weight of the carbon capture portion of the carbon capture composite material of the present invention is at least about 40,000 Da, the composite material can absorb CO2 particularly effectively under common environmental conditions (e.g., a temperature of about 20°C to about 30°C, a humidity level of about 50% to about 60%, and atmospheric pressure), and releases the absorbed CO2 only when heated at a temperature of at least 40°C (e.g., about 50°C, about 60°C, or higher) or washed with a detergent or base (e.g., NaOH). For example, heating at a temperature of about 40°C or higher (e.g., about 50°C, about 60°C, or higher) under vacuum, or washing with a solvent (e.g., water) including a detergent or base (e.g., NaOH).

[0033] In certain embodiments, the weight average molecular weight of the carbon capture portion can be at least about 40,000 to about 3,000,000 Da (e.g., about 40,000 to about 2,000,000 Da), such as about 600,000 Da to about 3,000,000 Da, about 750,000 Da to about 3,000,000 Da (e.g., about 750,000 Da, or about 750,000 Da to about 1,500,000 Da, or about 750,000 Da to about 2,250,000 Da).

[0034] As used herein, the word "comprising" may be interpreted as requiring the features mentioned, but not limiting the presence of other features. Alternatively, the word "comprising" may also refer to a situation where only the listed components / features are intended to be present (e.g., the word "comprising" may be replaced by the phrase "consisting of" or "consisting essentially of". It is expressly contemplated that both the broad and narrow interpretations may apply to all aspects and embodiments of the present invention. In other words, the word "comprising" and its synonyms may be replaced by the phrase "consisting of" or the phrase "consisting essentially of" or their synonyms, and vice versa.

[0035] As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a "carbon capture moiety" includes two or more such carbon capture moieties. As used herein, the term "plurality" means two or more. For example, a textile substrate of a carbon capture composite can be coated or impregnated with at least 2 carbon capture moieties, e.g., 2 to 10,000 or more carbon capture moieties.

[0036] As used herein, the term "about" can allow a certain degree of variability in values ​​or ranges, for example, within 10%, within 5%, within 1%, within 0.5%, within 0.1%, within 0.05%, within 0.01%, within 0.005%, or within 0.001% of the stated value or stated range limit, and includes the exact stated value or range.

[0037] The terms "polymer", "polymers" and similar terms are used herein in their common meanings, and thus may be used in this document to refer to or describe macromolecules (or groups of such molecules) containing repeating units. Polymers can be formed in a variety of ways, including polymerization of monomers and / or chemical modification of one or more repeating units of polymer precursors. A polymer can be a "homopolymer" containing substantially identical repeating units, such as formed by polymerization of specific monomers. A polymer can also be a "copolymer" containing two or more different repeating units, such as formed by copolymerization of two or more different monomers and / or chemical modification of one or more repeating units of a precursor polymer. A "terpolymer" refers to a polymer containing three or more different repeating units. The polymer can be naturally occurring, such as cellulose, which is a polymer comprising repeating β-D-glucose units.

[0038] The textile substrate may be coated and / or impregnated with a plurality of carbon capture moieties. When the textile substrate is impregnated with a carbon capture moiety, it is understood that the carbon capture moieties are distributed throughout the textile substrate, for example, within the pores or void spaces of the textile substrate. When the textile substrate is coated with a carbon capture moiety, it is understood that the carbon capture moieties are substantially distributed on one or more surfaces of the textile substrate. For the avoidance of doubt, the textile substrate may be coated and impregnated with a carbon capture moiety.

[0039] Each carbon capture part of the composite material of the present invention is bonded to the textile substrate by one or more covalent bonds formed between one or more linking agents and the textile substrate. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the good washability of the composite material of the present invention is achieved by covalently linking the carbon capture part to the textile substrate through the covalent bonds formed between the linking agent and the textile substrate. Typically, one or more covalent bonds are formed by the reaction between the linking agent and one or more nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms of the textile substrate. The linking agent typically reacts with the textile substrate and also reacts with one or more polyamine molecules of the polyamine material, thereby covalently linking one or more polyamine molecules to the textile substrate. Typically, the composite material of the present invention includes at least about 0.1 mg (e.g., at least about 1 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 300 mg, 350 mg, 400 mg and 450 mg) of carbon capture part / gram of textile substrate, such as about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg of carbon capture part / gram of textile substrate. For example, the composite material can include about 0.1 mg to about 400 mg, about 0.1 mg to about 300 mg, about 0.1 mg to about 200 mg, about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg of carbon capture moiety per gram of textile substrate.

[0040] In addition, the composite materials of the present invention typically include at least about 0.1 mmol amine (e.g., at least about 0.5 mmol, 1 mmol, 2 mmol, 2.5 mmol, 3 mmol) per gram of textile substrate. For example, from about 0.1 mmol to about 10 mmol, from about 0.5 mmol to about 10 mmol, from about 0.5 mmol to about 10 mmol, or from about 0.5 mmol to about 2.5 mmol amine per gram of textile substrate.

[0041] In order for the composite materials of the present invention to achieve a measurable degree of CO2 capture, the amine content of the composite materials is generally at least about 0.5 mmol / gram of textile substrate. Therefore, in certain preferred embodiments, the composite materials of the present invention include at least about 0.5 mmol amine / gram of textile substrate, such as from about 0.5 mmol to about 10 mmol amine / gram of textile substrate.

[0042] Those skilled in the art of organic chemistry are well within the ability to determine the amine content of a given sample of the composite material of the invention and to determine suitable reaction conditions for reacting the linking agent and polyamine material together to form the carbon capture moiety as defined herein. Specific methods are disclosed in the Examples section herein.

[0043] As used herein, the term "polyamine material" refers to a sample comprising two or more polyamine molecules. As used herein, the term "polyamine molecule" refers to a sample comprising two or more primary amines (i.e., Rx NH2, where R x is a substituent), a secondary amine (i.e., R x R y NH, where R x and R y are each a substituent) or a tertiary amine (ie, R x R y R z N, where R x , R y and R z Each of the above substituents is a substituent. Examples include polyethyleneimine, polyamidoamine, polyvinylamine, and copolymers of two or more thereof. Unless otherwise specified, the term "polyamine" encompasses linear and branched polyamine molecules.

[0044] The polyamine material present in the carbon capture portion is capable of absorbing gaseous CO2. The polyamine material typically captures CO2 through one or more of the following reactions:

[0045] Primary amines:

[0046] Secondary amines:

[0047] Tertiary amines:

[0048] As the concentration of CO2 and H2O increases, the equilibrium of the above reaction shifts to the right. Therefore, the efficiency of the carbon capture capacity of the polyamine material increases with increasing CO2 concentration and increasing humidity.

[0049] In certain embodiments, the polyamine material is selected from the group consisting of polyethyleneimine, polyamidoamine, polyethyleneamine, and combinations of two or more thereof. In certain exemplary embodiments, the polyamine material is polyethyleneimine, such as linear or branched polyethyleneimine or a mixture thereof. The inventors have demonstrated that the carbon capture moiety formed by the linking agent and polyethyleneimine exhibits particular effectiveness in absorbing CO2.

[0050] In certain embodiments, the polyamine material is a branched polyethyleneimine, for example a branched polyethyleneimine having a primary / secondary / tertiary amine molar ratio of about 1:2:1.

[0051] The one or more linking agents used to form the carbon capture portion of the composite material are used to covalently link the polyamine molecules of the polyamine material to the textile substrate. The linking agent can also form a covalent bond between two or more polyamine molecules of the polyamine material, for example, each carbon capture portion can include two or more polyamine molecules covalently linked together by a linking agent and covalently linked to the textile substrate.

[0052] The linking agent includes at least two reactive groups that can form a covalent bond with the textile substrate and with one or more polyamine molecules of the polyamine material. Typically, the linking agent is capable of forming a covalent bond with a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom of the textile substrate and is capable of forming a covalent bond with an amine of a polyamine molecule of the polyamine material.

[0053] In certain embodiments, the one or more linking agents are selected from the group consisting of poly(acrylic acid), acrylic acid, siloxane (eg, acrylic acid-modified siloxane or polyether-modified siloxane), and combinations thereof.

[0054] In certain embodiments, one or more linking agents are selected from the group consisting of: polyfunctional isocyanates, chlorotriazines, polyfunctional acids, polyfunctional aziridines, polyfunctional aldehydes, epoxides, polyfunctional epoxides, and polyfunctional aminoimides. Polyfunctional aminoimides can be suitable substitutes for polyfunctional isocyanates with similar reactivity (see, e.g., Synthesis 2016; 48(21): 3625-3645, which is incorporated herein by reference).

[0055] The terms "polyfunctional acid," "polyfunctional aziridine," "polyfunctional aldehyde," "polyfunctional epoxide," "polyfunctional amidoimide," and "polyfunctional isocyanate" refer to any molecule that includes at least two of the stated functional groups (i.e., at least two carboxylic acid, aziridine, aldehyde, epoxide, amidoimide, or isocyanate groups). For example, the term "polyfunctional acid" encompasses any molecule that includes 2, 3, 4, or more carboxylic acid functional groups. A polyfunctional acid containing two carboxylic acid functional groups may also be referred to as a dicarboxylic acid, and a polyfunctional acid containing more than two carboxylic acid functional groups may also be referred to as a polycarboxylic acid. Similarly, a polyfunctional isocyanate containing two isocyanate functional groups may also be referred to as a diisocyanate, and a polyfunctional isocyanate containing more than two isocyanate functional groups may also be referred to as a polyisocyanate. It should be understood that the same nomenclature may be applied to other linking agents disclosed herein that include two or more functional groups.

[0056] In certain embodiments, the one or more linking agents are selected from the group consisting of a polyfunctional isocyanate, a chlorotriazine (eg, 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine), a polyfunctional acid, a polyfunctional aminoimide, a polyfunctional aziridine, and a polyfunctional epoxide.

[0057] Multifunctional aziridines suitable for forming carbon capture moieties include, but are not limited to, N,N'-(methylenebis(4,1-phenylene))bis(aziridine-1-carboxamide), pentaerythritol tris(3-(1-aziridinyl)propionate), trimethylolpropane tris(2-methyl-1-aziridine propionate), and derivatives thereof. Multifunctional aldehydes suitable for forming carbon capture moieties include, but are not limited to, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, oxysucrose polyaldehyde, and derivatives thereof. Multifunctional epoxides suitable for forming carbon capture moieties include, but are not limited to, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and derivatives thereof.

[0058] Additional examples of linking agents suitable for forming a carbon capture moiety include, but are not limited to, linking agents containing two or more different reactive functional groups, such as a combination of two or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of isocyanate, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, organosilane, acrylate, aziridine, epoxide, haloalkyl. For example, the linking agent can be epichlorohydrin, (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or glycidyl methacrylate.

[0059] Specific examples of polyfunctional isocyanates suitable for forming the carbon capture moiety include, but are not limited to, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate, or tolylene diisocyanate.

[0060] Polyfunctional isocyanates can be used in the form that wherein isocyanate functional group is chemically blocked to control its reactivity.For example, isocyanate functional group can be partially blocked with caprolactam, 2-butanone oxime, diethyl malonate, phenol, sulfite ion or dimethyl pyrazole.The removal of blocking group allows isocyanate group to react with suitable nucleophile (for example hydroxyl, mercaptan or amino).The polyfunctional isocyanate of blocking can use the condition that is suitable for removing the specific blocking group existing to deblock.For example, blocking group can be removed by heating or radiation (for example ultraviolet radiation).

[0061] Specific examples of polyfunctional acids suitable for forming the carbon capture moiety include, but are not limited to, citric acid, butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid, and poly(acrylic acid).

[0062] In certain other embodiments, the linking agent can be a combination of a diisocyanate or triisocyanate and a polyol. The reaction between the diisocyanate or triisocyanate and the polyol can be used to form a polyurethane molecule that can be covalently bonded to the textile substrate and one or more polyamine molecules of the polyamine material.

[0063] Suitable linking agents, particularly the polyfunctional isocyanates, chlorotriazines, polyfunctional acids, polyfunctional aziridines, polyfunctional aldehydes, epoxides and polyfunctional epoxides disclosed herein, can be prepared by conventional chemical synthesis techniques known to those skilled in the art of organic chemistry, or the suitable linking agents can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0064] As used herein, the term "textile substrate" includes any yarn, woven textile (woventextile), knitted textile and nonwoven textile. The term can include textiles in the form of filaments, textile materials and textiles in the form of finished products. For example, the textile substrate can be in the form of items such as clothing, blankets, tablecloths, napkins, bedding, curtains, carpets, shoes or a part thereof. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to any specific type of finished product including the composite material of the present invention.

[0065] In certain embodiments, the textile substrate of composite material has weaving, knitting, nonwoven or tufted textile structure.The textile substrate can include natural fibers, for example, the natural fibers consisting of polysaccharides.For example, the textile substrate can be cotton or other materials including cellulose fibers, for example, the textile substrate can be yarn, knitted textiles, nonwoven textiles or woven textiles including one or more cellulose fibers.The textile substrate of composite material can additionally or alternatively include synthetic fibers, such as polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile and acetate and triacetate or its mixture.

[0066] For the avoidance of doubt, cellulosic fibres are polymers comprising repeating beta-D-glucose units.The textile substrate may be a mixture of two or more different fibres, for example a mixture of polyester fibres and cotton fibres.

[0067] In certain embodiments, the textile substrate of the composite material includes one or more fibers selected from the group consisting of: cellulose fibers, polypropylene fibers, carbon fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate (EVA) fibers, polyurethanes, elastomeric fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers (PAN), polyvinyl alcohol fibers (PVA), protein fibers (e.g., wool or silk fibers), and any combination of two or more thereof. In certain exemplary embodiments, the textile substrate of the composite material includes one or more cellulose fibers. When the textile substrate of the composite material includes one or more cellulose fibers, the linking agent is preferably a linking agent capable of forming a covalent bond with the β-D-glucose subunit of cellulose by reacting with the hydroxyl group on the C-6 carbon of the β-D-glucose subunit. Preferably, the linking agent is capable of forming a covalent bond with the β-D-glucose subunit without first oxidizing the hydroxyl group on the C-6 carbon to form a carboxylic acid group.

[0068] In certain embodiments, the composite material of the present invention may include a plurality of repeating subunits having a structure according to formula (I):

[0069]

[0070] in,

[0071] z represents a monomer subunit of the textile substrate, and represents the connection point of the monomer subunit to the adjacent monomer subunit of the textile substrate;

[0072] L represents the connecting part;

[0073] Y represents a polyamine moiety; and

[0074] Each n and m is independently an integer from 1 to 1000;

[0075] p is an integer from 0 to 1000;

[0076] wherein L and Y together represent a carbon capture moiety formed by a chemical reaction between the one or more linking agents and the polyamine material disclosed above.

[0077] In certain embodiments, in Formula (I), L may be covalently bonded to the nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, or sulfur atom of Z.

[0078] For the avoidance of doubt, the textile substrate may be any suitable textile substrate disclosed above.The linking moiety may be formed from one or more suitable linking agents disclosed above, and the polyamine moiety may be formed from polyamine molecules of any suitable polyamine material disclosed above.

[0079] Typically, the textile substrate of the composite material includes cellulosic fibers.For example, the textile substrate can be a yarn, knitted, nonwoven or woven material including one or more cellulosic fibers.

[0080] The inventors have found that the composite material of the present invention including cellulose fibers can be easily functionalized with the carbon capture moieties described herein, and show excellent carbon capture capacity and washability. Therefore, in certain preferred embodiments, the textile substrate of the composite material of the present invention includes cellulose fibers. Typically, when the textile substrate includes cellulose fibers, Z in formula (I) is a β-D-glucose subunit of cellulose fibers. For example, L can be covalently bonded to the β-D-glucose subunit of cellulose fibers through a covalent bond between oxygen and L on the C-6 carbon of the β-D-glucose subunit.

[0081] Thus, in embodiments where the textile substrate comprises cellulosic fibers, the composite material may comprise a plurality of repeating subunits having a structure according to formula (Ia):

[0082]

[0083] In formulas (I) and (Ia), each carbon capture moiety comprises a core subunit (ie, [L-(Y) n ]) and optionally one or more additional subunits (ie, [(L) m -(Y) n ] p ). For the avoidance of doubt, each Y group of the core subunit may be linked to one or more additional subunits via one or more covalent bonds to L of one or more additional subunits. Each L in formula (I) and (Ia) may also be linked to one or more adjacent carbon capture moieties of the textile substrate and / or one or more adjacent monomer subunits, thereby forming a polymer network comprising cross-linked carbon capture moieties of the composite material. Also for the avoidance of doubt, each carbon capture moiety in formula (I) and (Ia) may be formed by a chemical reaction between one or more linking agents and a polyamine material suitable for carbon capture as described above. Specifically, each L may be formed by a linking agent, and each Y may be formed by a polyamine molecule of the polyamine material disclosed herein.

[0084] In certain embodiments, L can be a poly(acrylic acid) moiety, or L can have a structure according to formula (II), (III), or (IV):

[0085] -C(O)-NR a -R 1 -NR a -C(O)- (II)

[0086] -C(O)-R 1 -C(O)- (III)

[0087] -CH2-R 1 -CH2- (IV)

[0088] in,

[0089] R 1 It is polyurethane, -C 1-8 Alkylene-, R b or -R b -C 1-8 Alkylene-R b -, wherein alkylene is a straight chain alkylene optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen; OH; NO2; SO3H; PO3H; C(O)OH; and C(O)OH optionally substituted by one or more halogen, OH, NO2, SO3H, PO3H or C(O)OH. 1-3alkyl; and / or wherein optionally one or more carbon atoms in the alkylene group are substituted by a group independently selected from the group consisting of O, NH and S; and

[0090] Each R a independently H or C 1-3 Alkyl; and

[0091] Each R b Independently C 6-10 aryl or a 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, wherein the C 6-10 The aryl group or the heterocycle is optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen; OH; C(O)OH; and C(O)OH optionally substituted by one or more halogen, OH, C(O)OH, NO2, SO3H or PO3H. 1-3 alkyl.

[0092] As used herein, the term "halogen" includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

[0093] As used herein, the term "alkyl" refers to an unbranched or branched, saturated or unsaturated (so forming, for example, alkenyl or alkynyl) hydrocarbon group that may be substituted or unsubstituted (having, for example, one or more halogen atoms). The term "alkylene" refers to a saturated divalent hydrocarbon group (e.g., methylene, ethylene, butylene, etc.).

[0094] As used herein, the term "heterocycle" refers to an aromatic or non-aromatic cyclic group of carbon atoms, wherein one to three carbon atoms in the carbon atoms are substituted by one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. The heterocyclic group can be, for example, a monocyclic or bicyclic group. In a bicyclic heterocyclic group, one or more heteroatoms may be present in each ring, or only in one of the rings. The heterocyclic group containing a suitable nitrogen atom includes a corresponding N-oxide. Examples of 5-10 membered heterocyclic groups include pyrrolidine, piperidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, pyridine, pyrimidine, dihydroindole, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, furan, guanidine and quinazoline.

[0095] As used herein, the term "aryl" means a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic carbocyclic group. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl. In bicyclic aromatic groups, one of the rings may, for example, be partially saturated. Examples of such groups include indanyl and tetrahydronaphthyl.

[0096] In certain embodiments, in Formula (I) or (Ia), L is according to Formula (II), and R 1 Yes-C 1-8 Alkylene- (e.g., -C6 alkylene-), -C 6-10 Aryl- or -C 6-10 Aryl-C1-8 Alkylene-C 6-10 Aryl-, wherein the alkylene and / or aryl groups are replaced by one or more C 1-3 For example, L can be according to formula (II), and R 1 It can be methylenediphenyl, hexamethylene, phenylene or tolylene. For example, the core subunit (i.e., [L-(Y) n ]) and optionally one or more additional subunits (i.e., [(L) m -(Y) n ] p ) can be formed by a chemical reaction between a polyamine (e.g., polyethyleneimine) and a polyfunctional isocyanate, such as methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate or tolylene diisocyanate.

[0097] In certain embodiments, in Formula (I) or (Ia), L is according to Formula (III), and R 1 is a straight-chain -C optionally substituted by one or two C(O)OH groups and / or one or two OH groups 3-4 For example, a core subunit (i.e., [L-(Y) n ]) and optionally one or more additional subunits (i.e., [(L) m -(Y) n ] p ) can be formed by a chemical reaction between one or more polyamines (eg, polyethyleneimine) and one or more polyfunctional acid molecules, such as citric acid or butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid.

[0098] In certain embodiments, in formula (I) and (Ia), Y is a polyamine moiety formed by the polyamine molecules of the polyamine material described herein. Therefore, for example, the polyamine moiety can be a polyethyleneimine moiety, a polyamidoamine moiety or a polyethyleneimine moiety. In a particular embodiment, each Y is a polyethyleneimine moiety. For example, each Y can be a polyethyleneimine moiety having a molecular weight of at least about 20,000Da, for example, about 20,000Da to about 1,000,000Da, about 600,000Da to about 800,000Da or about 700,000Da to about 800,000Da (for example, about 750,000Da). The polyethyleneimine moiety can be a linear or branched polyethyleneimine moiety, for example, the polyethyleneimine moiety can be a branched polyethyleneimine moiety.

[0099] In formula (I) and (Ia), each n and m can be independently an integer from 1 to 100, such as an integer from 1 to 10, such as 1 to 5 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5). The specific integer for each of n and m depends on the degree of polymerization between the linking agent and the polyamine material used to form the carbon capture moiety. It should also be understood that the degree of polymerization between the linking agent and the polyamine material can also be different between each carbon capture moiety present in the composite material.

[0100] In embodiments where the weight average molecular weight of the carbon capture moiety is at least about 40,000 Da and the weight average molecular weight of the polyamide material is less than 40,000 Da, in formula (I) or (Ia), n is greater than 1 and / or p is at least 1.

[0101] Methods of using composite materials to capture and release carbon:

[0102] As described herein, the composite materials of the present invention exhibit high carbon capture capacity. The composite materials of the present invention have been found to effectively absorb and retain CO2 at temperatures and humidity levels common to tropical, subtropical, arid and temperate climates. The composite materials of the present invention have been found to be particularly effective in absorbing and retaining CO2 at temperatures and humidity levels common to tropical and subtropical climates, such as at temperatures of about 20°C to about 35°C and humidity levels of 50% or more at atmospheric pressure (e.g., about 1 atm / 101 kPa).

[0103] Therefore, the present invention also provides a method for capturing carbon dioxide, the method comprising contacting the composite material of the present invention with gaseous CO2.

[0104] Typically, the composite is capable of capturing about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg of CO2 per gram of carbon capture composite, for example, about 1 mg to about 50 mg, about 1 mg to about 40 mg, about 1 mg to about 30 mg, about 1 mg to about 20 mg, or about 1 mg to about 10 mg of CO2 per gram of composite.

[0105] As disclosed herein, the inventors have discovered that the composite materials of the present invention also release the absorbed CO2 when the composite materials are heated at a temperature of at least about 40°C (e.g., about 50°C, about 60°C, or higher), or when the composite materials are washed with a solvent (e.g., water) including a detergent or an alkali. The ability of the composite materials of the present invention to absorb CO2 under common climate conditions and to release the absorbed CO2 only when heated at a temperature of at least 40°C or washed with a detergent or an alkali makes the composite materials very attractive materials for capturing atmospheric CO2 and selectively disposing of the captured CO2.

[0106] Specifically, the inventors have discovered that when the composite is washed with a solvent (e.g., water) including a detergent (e.g., a laundry grade detergent) at a temperature of about 20° C. to about 40° C., the absorbed CO2 is released from the composite as carbonates and / or bicarbonates. This enables the use of the composite to capture atmospheric CO2 and selectively dispose of the CO2 in the form of salts, thereby contributing to the reduction of atmospheric CO2.

[0107] Thus, the present invention provides a method of regenerating a composite material of the present invention, wherein the method comprises heating the carbon capture composite material at a temperature of at least about 40°C, such as at a temperature of at least about 50°C, such as at a temperature of about 50°C to about 100°C (e.g., about 60°C or higher). In certain embodiments, the method of regenerating the composite material may comprise heating the carbon capture composite material at a temperature of at least about 40°C, such as at a temperature of at least about 50°C or at least about 60°C (e.g., about 40°C to about 100°C, such as about 60°C), under vacuum (i.e., a pressure below atmospheric pressure of about 1 atm / 101 kPa). Additionally or alternatively, the method of regenerating the composite material may comprise washing the composite material with a solvent (e.g., water) comprising a detergent or a base (e.g., NaOH).

[0108] For the avoidance of doubt, the phrase "regenerating the composite material" refers to the process of releasing CO absorbed by the composite material of the present invention, thereby regenerating the ability of the composite material to capture CO. Typically, CO is released from the composite material during the regeneration process as CO or carbonate (and / or bicarbonate), depending on the regeneration method used.

[0109] In certain embodiments, methods of regenerating the composites of the present invention include washing the carbon capture composite with a solvent (eg, water) at a temperature of about 20°C to about 90°C.

[0110] In certain other embodiments, the method of regenerating the composite material of the present invention comprises washing the composite material in a solvent comprising a detergent at a temperature of about 20°C to about 40°C, for example, washing the composite material with water comprising a detergent at a temperature of about 20°C to about 40°C.

[0111] In certain other embodiments, the method of regenerating the composite material of the present invention comprises washing the composite material in a solvent (e.g., water) that does not include a detergent at a temperature of about 40° C. to about 90° C. For example, the composite material can be washed in water at a temperature of about 40° C. to about 90° C., such as at least about 50° C., at least about 60° C., at least about 70° C., at least about 80° C., or about 90° C.

[0112] Typically, when the method of regenerating the composite material of the present invention comprises washing the composite material in a solvent comprising a detergent, the solvent is water and the detergent is a consumer grade laundry detergent, such as a consumer grade laundry detergent suitable for a laundry washing machine, or a consumer grade laundry detergent suitable for hand washing.

[0113] Method for preparing composite materials:

[0114] The present invention further provides a method for preparing the composite material of the present invention, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

[0115] a) providing a textile substrate comprising one or more attachment moieties covalently bonded to the textile substrate; and

[0116] b) contacting the textile substrate with a solution comprising a polyamine material, followed by heating the textile substrate at a temperature suitable to promote the formation of one or more covalent bonds between the one or more linking agents and one or more polyamine molecules of the polyamine material, thereby providing the carbon capture composite material.

[0117] In the method of preparing the composite material of the present invention, it should be understood that the steps of the method can be performed using any suitable equipment commonly used to prepare textile materials. For example, heating the textile substrate at a temperature suitable for promoting the formation of covalent bonds between the linking agent and the textile substrate and / or between the linking agent and the polyamine material can be performed using thermal curing methods and equipment commonly used in the preparation of textile materials. For example, the carbon capture composite material of the present invention can be prepared by adopting typical finishing and curing methods used in the textile industry. For example, steps a) and / or b) of the method of preparing the carbon capture composite material can be performed using standard exhaust and / or finishing methods used for textile finishing. In certain embodiments, steps a) and / or step b) of the preparation method are performed using standard textile industry machines, such as coating machines and / or tenter frames. This is a significant advantage of the present invention because it allows for the scalability of the preparation of the composite material of the present invention, and therefore allows for the production of textiles with carbon capture capacity that can be used for large-scale production of clothing and other textile products.

[0118] Step a) of the method comprises contacting a textile substrate with a solution comprising one or more linking agents, followed by heating the textile substrate at a temperature suitable for promoting the formation of one or more covalent bonds between the one or more linking agents and the textile substrate, thereby providing the textile substrate comprising one or more linking moieties covalently bonded to the textile substrate. The step of contacting the textile substrate with a solution comprising one or more linking agents may involve immersing the textile substrate in the solution or spraying the textile substrate with the solution such that the textile substrate is substantially saturated with the solution.

[0119] Step b) of the method may comprise immersing the textile substrate in a solution comprising a polyamine material, or spraying the textile substrate with the solution, such that the textile substrate is substantially saturated with the solution.

[0120] Steps a) and b) of the method can be performed simultaneously by immersing the textile substrate in a solution comprising one or more linking agents and the polyamine material. Typically, the one or more linking agents and the polyamine material are dissolved or suspended in water, and the textile substrate is immersed in an aqueous solution containing the one or more linking agents and the polyamine material. Alternatively, steps a) and b) can be performed simultaneously by spraying the textile substrate with a solution (e.g., an aqueous solution) comprising one or more linking agents and the polyamine material, such that the textile substrate is substantially saturated with the solution.

[0121] Suitable linking agents and polyamine materials for preparing the method for composite material of the present invention are disclosed above. For example, linking agents can be selected from the group consisting of: poly (acrylic acid), acrylic acid, siloxane (for example, acrylic acid-modified siloxane or polyether-modified siloxane) and combinations thereof. Alternatively, linking agents can be selected from the group consisting of: polyfunctional isocyanate, chlorotriazine, polyfunctional acid, polyfunctional aziridine, polyfunctional aldehyde, polyfunctional amidoimide and polyfunctional epoxide. And, for example, polyamine materials can be selected from the group consisting of: polyethyleneimine, polyamidoamine, polyvinylamine, and two or more copolymers thereof.

[0122] In certain embodiments, the linking agent is a polyfunctional isocyanate (e.g., methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate, or tolylene diisocyanate), a polyfunctional acid (e.g., citric acid and butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid), poly(acrylic acid), or acrylic acid, and the polyamine material is polyethyleneimine (e.g., a polyethyleneimine having a weight average molecular weight of at least about 20,000 Da, e.g., a polyethyleneimine having a weight average molecular weight of about 20,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da, about 600,000 Da to about 800,000 Da, about 700,000 Da to about 800,000 Da, or about 750,000 Da).

[0123] Suitable textile substrates for use in the methods of preparing the carbon capture composite materials of the present invention include textile substrates disclosed herein, such as any yarn, woven textile, knitted textile, and nonwoven textile. For example, the textile substrate can be cotton or any other material including cellulose fibers. The textile substrate can additionally or alternatively include synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile and acetate and triacetate or mixtures thereof.

[0124] Optionally, the method for preparing the carbon capture composite material of the present invention may include a pretreatment step, which may optionally include a mercerization step, for example, the mercerization step involves immersing the textile substrate in a heated sodium hydroxide solution (e.g., immersing in 6M NaOH at a temperature of about 60° C. for about 1 to 2 hours). Therefore, in certain embodiments, the method for preparing the composite material of the present invention may further include a mercerization process before step a) and / or step b).

[0125] The method of preparing the carbon capture composite material of the present invention may also include a step after step a) and / or b) of washing the textile substrate with a solvent to remove any linking agent and polyamine material that are not covalently bonded to the textile substrate. Typically, the solvent is water.

[0126] Typically, the textile substrate in steps a) and b) is heated for about 0.5 minutes to about 72 hours, for example, at a temperature of about 50°C to about 120°C for about 1 minute to 20 minutes, optionally followed by a second heating step at a temperature of about 100°C to about 200°C for about 0.5 minutes to about 5 minutes.

[0127] The present invention also provides a carbon capture composite material obtained by the preparation method as described herein comprising steps a) and b).

[0128] The contents of the articles, patents, and patent applications mentioned or cited herein, and all other documents and electronically available information are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, to the same extent as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Applicants reserve the right to incorporate into this application any and all materials and information from any such articles, patents, patent applications, or other physical and electronic documents.

[0129] The following examples illustrate the invention.

[0130] Examples

[0131] Materials and methods

[0132] Several different cellulosic and non-cellulosic substrates were tested (see Tables 1 and 2). Unless otherwise stated, the content of the cellulosic fabrics in Table 1 is either 100% cotton or 100% cellulose.

[0133] Table 1: Cellulose fabrics used in the examples

[0134]

[0135] Table 2: Non-cellulosic fabrics used in the examples.

[0136] Non-cellulose fabrics <![CDATA[Fabric weight (g / m 2 )]]> Polyester, woven 78 Wool, woven 177

[0137] The following reagents were used: citric acid (CA, food grade), ITOJ Linker 10 (LJ10, blocked polyisocyanate) from Magna Colours, Pericoat Crosslinker BK (blocked polyisocyanate) from Dr. Petry, Pericoat Crosslinker AZ (bifunctional aziridine) from Dr. Petry, Matex ISO (M-ISO, blocked polyisocyanate) from Matex, Megabind (acrylic acid binder) from Matx, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), 25 kDa and 750 kDa polyethyleneimine (PEI). Unless otherwise stated, reagents were purchased and used from Sigma-Aldrich. The Mw of the PEI used refers to the weight average molecular weight, and each PEI used was branched.

[0138] Polyamine functionalization of MCC or yarn is performed using conventional chemical laboratory equipment (eg, beakers, hot plates, and ovens).

[0139] Prior to polyamine functionalization, the textile substrates (i.e., the fabrics shown in Tables 1 and 2) were pretreated. In order to fit the measuring device and vials or laboratory padding and tentering machines, all textile substrates were cut into smaller strips of approximately 5 cm x 15 cm for vials and 20 cm x 30 cm swatches for laboratory padding and tentering machines before further processing. An optional step includes mercerizing a swatch of a cellulosic material (e.g., cotton or linen) by immersing the sample mentioned above in a 6M NaOH aqueous solution and heating at 60°C for 2 hours. The sample was then washed thoroughly with tap water to remove all residual NaOH. The sample was then dried in a vacuum oven at 60°C. Microcrystalline cellulose powder was subjected to the same process. For certain cellulosic materials, such as regenerated cellulose (e.g., ), mercerizing may not be required.

[0140] The textile processing equipment was purchased from Gester Instruments, specifically, GT-D19-1 Laboratory Padding Machine, GT-D21A-1 Laboratory Stenter Horizontal Type, and GT-D07 Colour Fastness Tester to Washing.

[0141] Carbon capture measurements:

[0142] The carbon capture capabilities of the materials disclosed herein were tested using a custom CO2 measurement system. Briefly, the system included the following components:

[0143] 1) Gas Control System: This system uses mass flow controllers to precisely control the inlet gases (including CO2, O2, and N2). The gas mixture is then directed through a humidification system that is based on the paper by Veldscholte and Beer ( 《HardwareX》,2022,11,e00288 ) was built in-house. The system directs gas from a mass flow controller through a water chamber to introduce humidity into the gas. The system is controlled by a simple software script as well as gas composition sensors (CO2, O2, H2O) to ensure set points are met. For experiments using ambient air, this step was bypassed as air from the laboratory environment was used.

[0144] 2) Sensor Chamber: This is the chamber pre-filled with the gas mixture. The chamber is equipped with temperature, humidity, pressure, flow rate, CO2 and oxygen sensors to monitor the overall gas composition during the experiment.

[0145] 3) Sample Box: The box is loaded with a known weight of the test sample and connected to the sensor chamber. The gas mixture is circulated through the box and chamber in a closed loop by a gas flow pump, and the sensor records the CO2 concentration and other parameters mentioned above. The change in CO2 concentration in the chamber is recorded and plotted to visualize the reduction of CO2 relative to the passage of time.

[0146] Example 1: Polyamine functionalization of substrates using a two-step approach

[0147] 1.1: Optimization of polyamine functionalization reaction conditions

[0148] MCC was used as a model substrate for optimization experiments. Citric acid was used as a model linking agent.

[0149] Polyamine functionalization of MCC:

[0150] For each experiment in the experiment, MCC was suspended in an aqueous solution of citric acid. The concentration of MCC was maintained at 10% w / w, while the concentration of citric acid was varied between 10% and 50% w / w. Optionally, 5-10% w / w of NaH2PO2 was added to the solution. The mixture of MCC and citric acid was heated and then dried by vacuum filtration. The dried powder was cured in an oven to provide acid-functionalized MCC. The acid-functionalized MCC was suspended in up to 40% w / w of water containing a polyamine, and 5-10% w / w of NaH2PO2 was optionally added. This mixture was then heated, dried by vacuum filtration, and cured in an oven to provide polyamine-functionalized MCC.

[0151] Measurement of Carbon Capture:

[0152] The carbon capture capacity of the polyamine-functionalized MCC samples was determined using the custom-made CO2 measurement system described above.

[0153] Two methods for measuring carbon capture capacity were used:

[0154] 1) The starting concentration of CO2 was set to about 700 ppm (this is a typical CO2 concentration indoors), the remainder was N2 and O2, similar to ambient conditions, and the relative humidity was about 60%. These conditions were used to provide an accurate representation of the absorption quantum and kinetics expected under common ambient conditions.

[0155] 2) According to the first method, the starting concentration of CO2 is set to about 10,000 ppm at a certain humidity, and the remainder is N2. The higher CO2 concentration provides fairly fast absorption kinetics, which allows rapid screening of carbon capture capacity for material optimization experiments. Unless otherwise stated, all experiments described in this article use method 2).

[0156] Unless otherwise stated, methods 1) and 2) are performed at atmospheric pressure (ie, about 1 atm / 101.3 kPa) and room temperature (ie, about 20-25°C).

[0157] result:

[0158] The results of iterative experiments using MCC to optimize the polyamine functionalization of MCC were Figure 1-3 These results show the relationship between the stoichiometry of the polyamine and linking agent and the resulting carbon capture performance of the MCC.

[0159] 1.2: Polyamine functionalization of T-shirt polyester cotton

[0160] T-shirt polyester cotton swatches were functionalized with polyamine using the general procedure for MCC described in Example 1. The swatches were then dried in a vacuum oven at a temperature of about 60°C.

[0161] The carbon capture capacity of the polyamine functionalized T-shirt polyester cotton was tested under wet conditions (approximately 60%) or dry conditions using method 2) as described above in Example 1. The following controls were used:

[0162] - Blank measurement without sample;

[0163] - pure cotton textiles which have not been functionalized with polyamines;

[0164] - The cotton samples were treated with PEI only and then washed thoroughly before use.

[0165] Use each test sample as a 1-2 gram swatch.

[0166] result:

[0167] Figure 4 The carbon capture capacity of polyamine functionalized T-shirt polyester cotton is shown compared to a control sample. The data shows that the blank control and unmodified cotton (samples (a) and (b)) did not absorb detectable CO2. The data also shows that the cotton sample treated with PEI alone (sample (c)) was unable to absorb CO2, thus indicating that the use of a linking agent (e.g., citric acid) is critical to ensuring that the PEI remains on the cotton after washing. Finally, when a linking agent is used with PEI, CO2 absorption is seen in a humid environment. However, a much lower CO2 absorption rate was observed for this sample under dry conditions, indicating that a certain degree of moisture is required to achieve higher levels of CO2 capture.

[0168] 1.3. Two-step polyamine functionalization of different textile substrates

[0169] The following steps were used to functionalize different textile substrates with polyamines:

[0170] Step 1):

[0171] Prepare the aqueous solution of the polyfunctional acid shown in Table 3 below. Then, completely immerse about 2 grams of the textile substrate in 20 mL of the polyfunctional acid aqueous solution and heat to 60-120° C. for about 1-12 hours. Then take out the textile substrate and drain the excess liquid on the substrate. Then, heat the textile substrate to 60° C. until dry. Then, cure the polyfunctional acid on the surface of the textile substrate by heating the textile substrate to 70-150° C. for about 1-3 hours. Finally, wash the textile substrate thoroughly, followed by another round of drying at 60° C.

[0172] Table 3: Concentrations of polyfunctional acids and their prepared aqueous solutions

[0173] Polyfunctional acid concentration Citric acid (CA) 0.05g / mL-0.2g / mL Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) 0.05g / mL-0.2g / mL 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) 0.05g / mL-0.2g / mL

[0174] Step 2):

[0175] The polyamine is dissolved in water to form a 400 mg / mL solution. The polyamine used is one of the following: TEPA or 25 kDa PEI. The textile substrate prepared according to step 1) above is completely immersed in a suitable volume of the polyamine solution, followed by heating the solution and the textile substrate at 50-100°C for up to 48 hours (e.g., heating at about 100°C for 48 hours). Thereafter, the textile substrate is removed from the solution, excess liquid is drained, and the textile substrate is then heated at 60°C until dry. Thereafter, the textile substrate is subjected to a final heating step between 70-150°C for 1-12 hours (e.g., subjected to a final heating step at about 130°C for 12 hours), and then thoroughly washed before another round of drying at 60°C for 2 hours under vacuum before testing its carbon capture performance.

[0176] result:

[0177] Table 4 below shows the carbon capture capacity of textile substrates prepared using the two-step polyamine functionalization described above.

[0178] Table 4: Carbon capture data for polyamine functionalized textile substrates

[0179]

[0180] nd - not determined

[0181] Figure 5 The carbon capture capacity of the functionalized regenerated cellulose materials shown in Table 4 above is shown.

[0182] Example 2: Polyamine functionalization of textiles using a one-step process

[0183] 2.1. One-step contact heating method

[0184] In this example, 1-2g of the swatch was immersed in a solution containing about 200mg / mL of 750kDa PEI and ITOJLinker (LJ10, a blocked polyisocyanate) in the range of 2.5μL / mL to 100μL / mL. After the swatch was completely immersed and wetted, it was pressed by hand to remove excess liquid, and then the swatch was placed between two hot plates heated to 110°C for 3-5 minutes to remove moisture, and then treated in the same manner at 130-150°C for 30-120 seconds to solidify the linking reagent (i.e., LJ10). After the functionalization step, the sample was subjected to the same washing and activation procedures as described in Example 1.3.

[0185] The carbon capture capacity of the polyamine functionalized samples was tested using Method 2) as described above in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0186] Table 5: Carbon capture capacity of textile substrates using one-step energization.

[0187]

[0188] As shown in Scheme 1 below, using cellulose and a diisocyanate linking agent as an example, a one-step process is expected to form a larger polyamine structure:

[0189] Scheme 1: Exemplary one-step polyamine functionalization reaction

[0190]

[0191] In contrast, in the two-step process, the linking agent is first added to the textile substrate and the polyamine is subsequently added. In the case of the one-step process, the linking agent and the polyamine are reacted simultaneously and can be performed in any order.

[0192] 2.2. One-step manufacturing using the padder-tenter method

[0193] The procedure in Example 2.1 is applicable to industrial processes using a laboratory padding mill and a laboratory tenter frame, as described in the Materials and Methods section. A one-pot solution was prepared by mixing: a) a linking agent selected from LJ10, Pericoat Crosslinker BK (PC-BK), Pericoat Crosslinker AZ (PC-AZ), Matex ISO (M-ISO), or Megabind in a concentration range of 20 g / L to 200 g / L; b) a polyamine material selected from PEI 25 kDa or PEI 750 kDa in a concentration range of 50 g / L to 200 g / L, and water. Swatches of fabric, approximately 5 cm x 10-20 cm or approximately 20 cm x 30 cm, were dipped into the solution until completely wetted, then passed through a padder, operating at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to 0.3 MPa and 4-6 rpm, and then dried in a tenter at 100° C. to 120° C. for 3-5 minutes, followed by curing at 130° C. to 180° C. for 45 seconds to 120 seconds. Some samples, such as those treated with PC-AZ, were not dried and / or cured in a tenter, but were dried overnight at room temperature. After drying and curing, all samples were subjected to an activation treatment similar to that described above.

[0194] Examples of the properties of samples prepared using this method are provided in Table 6 below.

[0195] Table 6: Carbon capture capacity of textile substrates using one-step energization using a laboratory padder and a tenter frame.

[0196]

[0197]

[0198] Example 3: Evaluation of amine loading

[0199] To evaluate the amount of functionalized polyamine relative to the surface of the textile substrate, polyester cotton T-shirt samples were used. Polyester cotton T-shirt samples were subjected to a two-step functionalization using citric acid and 25 kDa PEI as described in Example 1.3, and the sample weight for each step was recorded. For the acid functionalization step, the swatches were treated with a 20% CA solution, heated at 100°C for 8 hours, and then cured at 150°C for 2 hours. For the PEI functionalization step, the swatches were treated with a 10% PEI solution, heated at 100°C for 8 hours, washed, and dried in a vacuum oven for further processing.

[0200] The initial weight of the material was 1.4651 g. After treatment with CA, the sample weight increased to 1.5545 g, and after polyamine treatment with 25 kDa PEI, the sample weight increased to 1.8055 g.

[0201] By simply subtracting the weight of the relevant points, the added weight of CA was calculated to be 89.4 mg, and the added weight of PEI was calculated to be 251 mg. Then, taking the average Mw of PEI to be 25 kDa, the sample was determined to contain 1.004 x 10 -5 moles of PEI. Additionally, each PEI molecule contains an average of 581 repeating units, so the sample was estimated to contain about 5.83mmol of [N], or about 3.23mmol / g of sample. The same calculation was performed for the w / w ratio of reagents on the sample, resulting in 13.9% of the sample being attributed to PEI, or about an 18.9% increase in sample weight when subjected to mercerization prior to polyamine functionalization. Based on simple extrapolation, it is estimated that at least 0.8-1mmol [N] / gram of textile substrate is required to achieve a measurable degree of CO2 capture.

[0202] For samples functionalized with polyamines using the one-step method described above, amine loading was calculated in a similar manner.

[0203] Example 4: CO2 desorption via mineralization or temperature fluctuations

[0204] The ability of polyamine-functionalized MCC and textile substrates to desorb CO2 was tested under two different mechanisms. The first was by mineralizing the absorbed CO2 into carbonates by washing the textile substrate with detergent or alkali, and the second was by subjecting the polyamine-functionalized material to heating.

[0205] The functionalized MCC used in the example was prepared according to the method described in Example 1. The functionalized textile substrate (linen or shirting cotton) used in this example was prepared using the method described in Example 1.3. The polyamine material was PEI (25 kDa or 750 kDa), and the linking agent was citric acid (CA).

[0206] Detergent washing and sample regeneration:

[0207] For the purpose of this experiment, an ISO phosphorus-free standard powder detergent supplied by Gester Instruments was used. However, it should be understood that this method can also be transferred to other detergents. After absorbing CO2, the CO2-saturated polyamine-functionalized textile substrate was placed in a washing machine and washed with a detergent solution (0.5 g / L). For the CO2-saturated polyamine-functionalized MCC sample, the MCC was immersed in a detergent solution (0.5 g / L). The MCC was then stirred for more than 30 minutes and washed thoroughly with water to remove all excess detergent. The textile substrate and MCC were then dried at 70°C under vacuum before additional carbon capture testing.

[0208] Model studies demonstrating mineralization:

[0209] To measure the mineralization of captured CO2 on the substrate, MCC functionalized with PEI (with CO2 absorbed) was filled into the column. A 4 wt% NaCl solution with an initial pH of 8.5 was passed through the column. The pH of the solution collected from the column was recorded.

[0210] For fabric samples, a CO2-saturated swatch made according to the single step padder-tenter procedure described above was extracted with deionized water for 2 hours according to the ISO 3071:2006 procedure. The pH of the extract was measured to be 7.5. However, after adding KCl to prepare a 4% w / w solution, the resulting pH was measured to be 8.8, indicating an exchange reaction between the CO2-saturated PEI and KCl, resulting in the formation of water-soluble bicarbonate from the absorbed CO2.

[0211] Model studies demonstrating resistance to temperature fluctuations in CO2 desorption:

[0212] To highlight one of the key benefits of the present invention, the ability of the polyamine-functionalized substrate to retain absorbed CO2 at high temperatures, which is typical in tropical and subtropical climates, was demonstrated. CO2-saturated samples prepared according to the procedure described above were placed in a convection oven and subjected to heating at 40°C, 50°C, or 60°C at ambient pressure (i.e., about 1 atm / 101 kPa) for approximately 2-6 hours and tested again for CO2 absorption. The low absorption in this step is intended to highlight the ability of the samples to retain absorbed CO2 even at high temperatures. Prior to conducting the CO2 absorption test, additional tests consisting of washing the substrate with a household detergent or washing the sample with a NaOH solution were also conducted to chemically regenerate the sample and confirm that the active coating was still intact and that the reduction in absorption could only be attributed to saturation of the sample and not to degradation of the coating.

[0213] result:

[0214] Approximately 1 g of functionalized MCC saturated with captured CO2 was washed with pH neutral NaCl solution and the washed solution recorded a pH increase to about 9.3, indicating the production of carbonate or bicarbonate. Moreover, this evidence was further confirmed when the PEI functionalized fabric was able to capture CO2 again after washing with detergent, implying regeneration of the material.

[0215] Temperature swing desorption of CO2 was also tested. CO2 desorption was observed at 50°C in textiles functionalized with lower molecular weight PEI (25 kDa), but this behavior was not observed in textiles functionalized with high molecular weight PEI (750 kDa), where the CO2 absorbed by the textiles was still present at 50°C. Furthermore, the captured CO2 could only be removed from the textiles with high molecular weight PEI by washing with detergent or alkali.

[0216] The data summarized in Table 7 below demonstrate that resistance to temperature swing desorption is dependent on molecular weight and suggests that textiles functionalized with higher molecular weight polyamines or cross-linked polyamines (eg, as shown in Scheme 1) may be more suitable for warmer climates.

[0217] Table 7: Carbon capture capacity of polyamine functionalized textile substrates before and after exposure to different conditions

[0218]

[0219]

[0220] *Carbon capture [mg / g] was estimated using method 1) as described in Example 1. Carbon capture [mg / g] of other samples was estimated using method 2) as described in Example 1.

[0221] Example 5: Washing cycle test:

[0222] The polyamine functionalized textile substrates of the present invention were developed with wash durability in mind, an important performance characteristic of textiles, allowing them to be used in clothing and other products that may require repeated washing to extend their life and general utility.

[0223] In this example, the following polyamine functionalized textile substrates were tested for wash durability. Samples were prepared according to the procedure of the two-step method described in Example 1.3 and according to the procedure of the one-step method described in Example 2.2, in which a padding machine and a tenter frame apparatus were used. The polyamine material used was PEI (750 kDa), and the linking agent was LJ10.

[0224] The functionalized textile substrate was exposed to CO2 using a CO2 measurement system according to method 2) as described in Example 1. After exposure to CO2, the functionalized textile substrate was washed with an ISO phosphate-free standard powder detergent as described in Example 4.

[0225] result:

[0226] Figure 6 The carbon capture performance of functionalized T-shirt polyester cotton was demonstrated. After 19 washes, the CO2 capture performance was retained, although the capacity was lower than before washing. Extrapolation of these data (see Figure 7 ) demonstrated that the possible lifetime of the carbon capture capability of the functionalized textile substrate is about 25 washes.

[0227] Table 8 below summarizes the wash durability of several differently functionalized textile substrates.

[0228] Table 8: Washing durability of textile substrates functionalized with different polyamines

[0229]

[0230]

[0231] *Carbon capture capacity [mg / g] = mg CO2 / g polyamine functionalized textile substrate

[0232] Example 6: Determining Carbon Capture Values ​​at Ambient Conditions

[0233] To measure the carbon capture capacity under ambient conditions, the CO2 measurement system described herein was used. Before starting the measurement, the chamber was filled with ambient air characterized by a CO2 concentration between 500-700 ppm and a humidity level of 50%-60%. Once the sample for CO2 capture was loaded into the system, air circulation within this closed setup began. The temperature of the chamber during the measurement was 20-25°C.

[0234] The following polyamine functionalized textile substrates were tested in this example: swatches of shirting cotton (3 cm x 2 cm) treated according to the procedure described in Example 1.3. The polyamine material used was PEI (750 kDa) and the linking agent was citric acid.

[0235] result:

[0236] exist Figure 8 In , the reduction in CO2 concentration attributed to the carbon capture fabric is plotted. An initial estimate of CO2 uptake without taking into account leakage or ingress rates is shown to be 6.5 mg / g.

[0237] A notable observation from the figure is that the material is able to absorb CO2 in sub-ambient environments with CO2 levels below 700ppm, indicating efficient absorption. However, since the system is not completely sealed, CO2 may diffuse into the chamber, which may lead to an underestimation of the capture value.

[0238] To resist the ingress of CO2, a baseline measurement was performed (see Fig. 9 ) to determine the entry rate as a function of CO2 concentration, as expressed in equation (1):

[0239] I(C) = dC / dt. Equation (1)

[0240] This information enables corrections to be made to the total ingress for each measurement using the derived CO2 ingress rate curves. After these corrections are implemented, Figure 8 The measured adjusted CO2 capture value shown in is estimated to be 7.6 mg / g.

Claims

1. A carbon capture composite material comprising: A textile substrate coated or impregnated with a plurality of carbon capture moieties, each carbon capture moiety formed by a chemical reaction between one or more linking agents and a polyamine material suitable for carbon capture, wherein each carbon capture moiety is covalently bonded to the textile substrate via one or more covalent bonds formed between the one or more linking agents and the textile substrate, and wherein the weight average molecular weight of the polyamine material is at least about 20,000 Daltons (Da).

2. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the carbon capture moiety is at least about 40,000 Da, such as at least about 600,000 Da or at least about 750,000 Da.

3. The carbon capture material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the polyamine material is about 20,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da, such as about 600,000 Da to about 800,000 Da or about 700,000 Da to about 800,000 Da.

4. A carbon capture composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the textile substrate comprises one or more fibers selected from the group consisting of cellulose fibers, polypropylene fibers, carbon fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate (EVA) fibers, polyurethane, elastomeric fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers (PAN), polyvinyl alcohol fibers (PVA), protein fibers (e.g., wool or silk fibers), and combinations of any two or more thereof.

5. The carbon capture composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the textile substrate comprises one or more cellulosic fibers.

6. The carbon capture composite material of any preceding claim, wherein the one or more linking agents are selected from the group consisting of polyfunctional isocyanates, chlorotriazines (e.g., 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine), polyfunctional acids, polyfunctional aziridines, polyfunctional aldehydes, polyfunctional aminoimides, and polyfunctional epoxides.

7. The carbon capture composite material of claim 6, wherein the one or more linking agents are multifunctional isocyanates selected from the group consisting of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, and combinations of two or more thereof.

8. The carbon capture composite material of claim 6, wherein the one or more linking agents are multifunctional acids selected from the group consisting of citric acid, butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid, and combinations of two or more thereof.

9. The carbon capture composite material of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the one or more linking agents are selected from the group consisting of poly(acrylic acid), acrylic acid, siloxane (e.g., acrylic acid-modified siloxane or polyether-modified siloxane), and combinations thereof.

10. The carbon capture composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyamine material is selected from the group consisting of polyethyleneimine, polyamidoamine, polyethyleneamine, and combinations of two or more thereof.

11. The carbon capture composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyamine material is a polyethyleneimine, such as a linear or branched polyethyleneimine or a mixture thereof.

12. The carbon capture composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each carbon capture moiety comprises at least two polyamine molecules of the polyamine material.

13. A carbon capture composite material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each carbon capture moiety is covalently bonded to the textile substrate via one or more covalent bonds formed between the one or more linking agents and one or more nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms of the textile substrate.

14. A carbon capture composite material according to any preceding claim, comprising a plurality of repeating subunits having a structure according to formula (I): in, Z represents a monomer subunit of the textile substrate, and represents the connection point of the monomer subunit to the adjacent monomer subunit of the textile substrate; L represents the connecting part; Y represents a polyamine moiety; and Each n and m is independently an integer from 1 to 1000; p is an integer from 0 to 1000; wherein L and Y together represent a carbon capture moiety formed by a chemical reaction between the one or more linking agents and the polyamine material.

15. The carbon capture composite material of claim 14, wherein Y is a linear or branched polyethyleneimine moiety.

16. The carbon capture composite material of claim 14 or 15, wherein L is poly(acrylic acid).

17. The carbon capture composite material of claim 14 or 15, wherein L has a structure according to formula (II), (III) or (IV): -C(O)-NR a -R 1 -NR a -C(O)-(II) -C(O)-R 1 -C(O)-(III) -CH2-R 1 -CH2-(IV) in, R 1 It is polyurethane, -C 1-8 Alkylene- or -R b -C 1-8 Alkylene-R b -, wherein alkylene is a linear alkylene optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen; OH; NO2; SO3H; PO3H; C(O)OH; and C(O)OH optionally substituted with one or more halogen, OH, NO2, SO3H, PO3H or C(O)OH 1-3 alkyl; and / or wherein optionally one or more carbon atoms in the alkylene group are substituted by a group independently selected from the group consisting of O, NH and S; and Each R a independently H or C 1-3 Alkyl; and Each R b Independently C 6-10 aryl or a 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, wherein the C 6-10 The aryl group or the heterocycle is optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen; OH; C(O)OH; and C(O)OH optionally substituted by one or more halogen, OH, C(O)OH, NO2, SO3H or PO3H. 1-3 alkyl.

18. The carbon capture composite material according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein L is covalently bonded to the nitrogen atom, oxygen atom or sulfur atom of Z.

19. The carbon capture composite material according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein Z is a β-D-glucose subunit of a cellulose fiber, and wherein L is covalently bonded to the β-D-glucose subunit via a covalent bond between the oxygen on the C-6 carbon of the β-D-glucose subunit and L.

20. The carbon capture composite material according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein L has a structure according to Formula II, and R 1 is a straight-chain -C optionally substituted by one or two C(O)OH groups and / or one or two OH groups 3-4 Alkylene-.

21. The carbon capture composite material of any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein each n and m is each independently an integer from 1 to 100, such as an integer from 1 to 10, such as 1 to 5 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5).

22. The carbon capture composite of any preceding claim, wherein the carbon capture composite comprises from about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg of the carbon capture moiety per gram of textile substrate.

23. A carbon capture composite material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the carbon capture composite material has a carbon dioxide capture capacity of about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg of carbon dioxide per gram of carbon capture composite material, for example, about 1 mg to about 50 mg, about 1 mg to about 40 mg, about 1 mg to about 30 mg, about 1 mg to about 20 mg, or about 1 mg to about 10 mg of carbon dioxide per gram of carbon capture composite material.

24. A carbon capture composite material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the carbon dioxide absorbed by the carbon capture composite material is released during heating of the carbon capture composite material under vacuum at a temperature of at least about 40°C, such as at a temperature of about 40°C to about 100°C, or at a temperature of about 40°C to about 100°C.

25. The carbon capture composite material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein during washing of the carbon capture composite material with a solvent including a detergent at a temperature of about 20°C to about 40°C, carbon dioxide absorbed by the carbon capture composite material is released as carbonates and / or bicarbonates.

26. The carbon capture composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the carbon capture composite material maintains at least about 10% of its CO2 capture capacity after being subjected to 1 to 50 washing cycles, such as 10 to 40 washing cycles.

27. A method for preparing a carbon capture composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 26, the method comprising a) providing a textile substrate comprising one or more attachment moieties covalently bonded to the textile substrate; and b) contacting the textile substrate with a solution comprising a polyamine material, followed by heating the textile substrate at a temperature suitable to promote the formation of one or more covalent bonds between the one or more linking agents and one or more polyamine molecules of the polyamine material, thereby providing the carbon capture composite material.

28. A method according to claim 27, wherein step a) comprises immersing the textile substrate in a solution comprising one or more linking agents, and then heating the textile substrate at a temperature suitable for promoting the formation of one or more covalent bonds between the one or more linking agents and the textile substrate, thereby providing the textile substrate comprising one or more linking portions covalently bonded to the textile substrate.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein steps a) and b) are performed simultaneously by immersing the textile substrate in a solution comprising one or more linking agents and the polyamine material.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the one or more linking agents are selected from the group consisting of: polyfunctional isocyanates (e.g., methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate, or tolylene diisocyanate), polyfunctional acids (e.g., citric acid and butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid), poly(acrylic acid), and acrylic acid.

31. A method according to any one of claims 27 to 30, wherein the polyamine material is polyethyleneimine.

32. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 31, wherein step a) and / or step b) is performed using a textile industry machine, such as using a padder and / or a tenter frame.

33. A method of capturing CO2, the method comprising contacting the composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 26 with gaseous CO2.

34. A method of regenerating the carbon capture composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 26, the method comprising heating the carbon capture composite material at a temperature of at least about 50°C, such as at a temperature of about 50°C to about 100°C.

35. A method of regenerating the carbon capture composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 26, the method comprising washing the carbon capture composite material with a solvent at a temperature of about 20°C to about 90°C, for example, washing the carbon capture composite material with water at a temperature of about 40°C to about 90°C.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the carbon capture composite is washed with a solvent comprising a detergent at a temperature of about 20°C to about 40°C, such as with water comprising a detergent at a temperature of about 20°C to about 40°C.

37. The method of any one of claims 36, wherein the solvent is water and the detergent is a consumer grade laundry detergent, such as a consumer grade laundry detergent suitable for a laundry washing machine, or a consumer grade laundry detergent suitable for hand washing.

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