Reducing peak-to-average power ratio by adding constraints on phase transitions between modulation symbols

Abstract

An apparatus may be provided to improve PAPR in at least one of a single carrier FDM signal or DFT-s-OFDM. The apparatus may be configured to: encode a set of information bits with a channel encoder; generating a set of amplitude symbols based on the set of encoded bits from the channel encoder using a distribution matching function; generating a set of modulation symbols based on the set of amplitude symbols; and transmitting a signal based on the set of modulation symbols to a second device. An apparatus may be configured to receive, from a first device, a signal based on a set of modulation symbols, and derive, using a distribution matching function, a set of encoded bits based on the received set of modulation symbols.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application serial number 17 / 934,427, filed on September 22, 2022, entitled “PEAK TO AVERAGE POWER RATIOREDUCTION BY ADDING CONSTRAINTS ON PHASE TRANSITION BETWEEN MODULATION SYMBOLS,” which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to wireless communications including the transmission of coded bits. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcast. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at a city, country, region, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)) and other requirements. 5GNR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards. It is necessary to further improve 5G NR technology. In addition, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the invention

[0006] A simplified summary of one or more aspects is presented below to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive review of all contemplated aspects. This summary neither identifies the key or important elements of all aspects, nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be provided to improve a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in at least one of a single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (FDM) signal or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (DFT-s-OFDM). The apparatus may be configured to: encode a set of information bits using a channel encoder. The apparatus may also be configured to: generate a set of amplitude symbols based on a set of coded bits from the channel encoder using a distribution matching function. The apparatus may be configured to: generate a set of modulation symbols based on the set of amplitude symbols. The apparatus may also be configured to: send a signal based on the set of modulation symbols to a second device.

[0008] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be configured to: improve the PAPR in at least one of a single carrier FDM signal or a DFT-s-OFDM. The apparatus may be configured to: receive a signal based on a set of modulation symbols from a first device. The apparatus may also be configured to: derive a set of coded bits based on the received set of modulation symbols using a distribution matching function.

[0009] To achieve the aforementioned and related purposes, one or more aspects include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail some exemplary features of one or more aspects. However, these features indicate only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects can be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0011] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0016] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating a processing pipeline of a transmitting device according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 5 is a set of diagrams illustrating a set of transitions between symbols.

[0018] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating a processing pipeline of a receiving device according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 7 is a call flow diagram illustrating wireless communications according to some aspects of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 8 is a call flow diagram illustrating wireless communications according to some aspects of the present invention.

[0021] Fig. 9 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method.

[0022] Fig.10 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method.

[0023] Fig.11 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method.

[0024] Fig.12 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method.

[0025] Fig.13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of an apparatus.

[0026] Fig.14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of a network entity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In some aspects of wireless communication, nonlinearity of a power amplifier (PA) at a transmitting device may result in signal distortion and increased error vector magnitude (EVM) at a receiving device. This nonlinearity may be experienced at higher powers (e.g., beyond the saturation point). In order to maintain the linearity of the PA, the transmitter may employ a back-off that reduces the total power to reduce signal distortion. When transmitting a waveform associated with a higher PAPR, the transmitting device may use a larger back-off to maintain the linearity of the PA. In order to increase the total power of a particular waveform, a method may be employed to reduce the PAPR associated with the particular waveform to allow for a smaller back-off.

[0028] The specific embodiments described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings are descriptions of various configurations and do not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. In order to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the specific embodiments include specific details. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid blurring such concepts.

[0029] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0030] As an example, an element, or any part of an element, or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system", which includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gating logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functionalities described throughout the present disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system can execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0031] Thus, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. As an example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0032] Although various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases are described in this application by the illustration of some examples, additional or different aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be generated in many different arrangements and scenarios. The various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and packaging arrangements. For example, various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases can be generated via integrated chip specific implementations and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / purchase equipment, medical equipment, artificial intelligence (AI) enabled devices, etc.). Although some examples may or may not be specifically for use cases or applications, the described examples may have a wide range of applicability. Various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be in the range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level specific implementations, and further to the range of aggregated, distributed or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems in conjunction with one or more technologies herein. In some actual settings, the equipment combined with the various aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily include multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.) The various techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices of various sizes, shapes, and configurations, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc.

[0033] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element or network equipment (such as a base station (BS)), or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality can be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP) or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0034] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of a CU, a DU, and a RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0035] Base station operation or network design may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be used in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (network configuration such as that initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Decomposition may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Various units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0036] Figure 11 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via corresponding midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU 140 may communicate with corresponding UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0037] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive signals or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive and / or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium.

[0038] In some aspects, CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 110. CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 110 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0039] DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) at least in part according to a functional split such as those defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, DU 130 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 130 or with control functions hosted by CU 110.

[0040] The lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, the RUs 140 controlled by the DUs 130 may correspond to logical nodes that host RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on functional splitting (such as lower layer functional splitting). In such an architecture, the RUs 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RUs 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DUs 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DUs 130 and CUs 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0041] The SMO framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. In addition, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105 .

[0042] The non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 125 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 125.

[0043] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0044] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Therefore, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dotted line to indicate that each component may be included in the base station 102 or may not be included in the base station). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low-power cellular base station). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be through one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, the base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, etc.) bandwidth. These carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL ​​compared to UL). Component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0045] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). The D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0046] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with a UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, e.g., in a 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum, etc. When communicating in an unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether a channel is available prior to communication.

[0047] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0048] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz-24.25GHz). The bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, so the features of FR1 and / or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations to more than 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6GHz-71GHz), FR4 (71GHz-114.25GHz) and FR5 (114.25GHz-300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0049] In view of the above, unless otherwise specified, if the term "6 GHz or less" is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specified, if the term "millimeter wave" is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0050] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may send a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also send a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive direction and transmit direction for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit direction and receive direction of the base station 102 may be the same or may not be the same. The transmit direction and receive direction of the UE 104 may be the same or may not be the same.

[0051] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, a Node B, an eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmit receive point (TRP), a network node, a network entity, a network equipment, or some other suitable term. The base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and a RU, or as a decomposed base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or a RU. A set of base stations that may include decomposed base stations and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0052] The core network 120 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 161, a session management function (SMF) 162, a user plane function (UPF) 163, a unified data management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. AMF 161 is a control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and the core network 120. AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 165 and a location management function (LMF) 166. However, in general, one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of GMLC 165, LMF 166, position determination entity (PDE), serving mobile location center (SMLC), mobile positioning center (MPC), etc. GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. LMF 166 receives measurement and assistance information from NG-RAN and UE 104 via AMF 161 to calculate the location of UE 104. NG-RAN may determine the location of UE 104 using one or more positioning methods. Positioning UE 104 may involve signal measurements, position estimation, and optional speed calculation based on these measurements. Signal measurements may be performed by UE 104 and / or serving base station 102. The measured signals may be based on a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a global positioning system (GPS), a non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite positioning / positioning systems), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (multi-RTT), DL angle of departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or one or more of other systems / signals / sensors.

[0053] Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet computers, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare equipment, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional devices. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as stations, mobile stations, subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, mobile phones, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also be applied to one or more supporting devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network collectively and / or individually.

[0054] Reference again Figure 1 In some aspects, a transmitting device (e.g., UE 104 or base station 102) may include a PAPR reduction component 198, which may be configured to encode a set of information bits using a channel encoder. The PAPR reduction component 198 may also be configured to generate a set of amplitude symbols based on the set of coded bits from the channel encoder using a distribution matching function. The PAPR reduction component 198 may be configured to generate a set of modulation symbols based on the set of amplitude symbols. The PAPR reduction component 198 may also be configured to send a signal based on the set of modulation symbols to a second device. In some aspects, a receiving device (e.g., base station 102 or UE 104) may also include a PAPR reduction component 198, which may be configured to receive a signal based on a set of modulation symbols from a first device (e.g., a transmitting device). The PAPR reduction component 198 at the receiving device may also be configured to derive a set of coded bits based on the set of received modulation symbols using a distribution matching function. Although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0055] Figure 2A FIG200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG230 is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2CFIG250 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG280 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD) (wherein for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL), or may be time division duplex (TDD) (wherein for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to both DL and UL). Figure 2A , Figure 2C In the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are full DL and full UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with the slot format through the received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured through DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured through radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0056] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D The frame structure is illustrated, and various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10ms) may be divided into 10 subframes of equal size (1ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a microslot, which may include 7, 4 or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For a normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for an extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. The symbol on the DL may be a CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbol. The symbol on the UL may be a CP-OFDM symbol (for high throughput scenarios), a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol, or a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbol) (for power-constrained scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and parameter set. The numerology defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). The symbol length / duration can be scaled with 1 / SCS.

[0057]

[0058] Table 1: Parameter set, SCS and CP

[0059] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets μ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Thus, for normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 μ timeslots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ *15kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=0 is 15kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=4 is 240kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D An example is provided for a normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and a parameter set μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is about 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP may have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0060] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) extending over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a number of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0061] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0062] Figure 2BExamples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE including six RE groups (REGs), each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within a BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., a common search space, a UE-specific search space) during a PDCCH monitoring opportunity on a CORESET, wherein the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a particular subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and the radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the system frame number (SFN) and the number of RBs in the system bandwidth. The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent over the PBCH (such as the system information block (SIB)), and paging messages.

[0063] like Figure 2C As illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may send a DM-RS for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a DM-RS for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be sent in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS may be sent in different configurations. The UE may send a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be sent in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may send the SRS on one of the comb structures in the comb structure. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0064] Figure 2DExamples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0065] Figure 3 375. The Controller / Processor 375 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in an access network communicating with a UE 350. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0066] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (which includes the physical (PHY) layer) may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be separated into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-coded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates may be derived from reference signals and / or channel state feedback sent by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0067] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by the RX processor 356. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point sent by the base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent on the physical channel by base station 310. The data and control signals are then provided to controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0068] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0069] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0070] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 based on a reference signal or feedback sent by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0071] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0072] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0073] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 The PAPR reduction component 198 combines various aspects.

[0074] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 The PAPR reduction component 198 combines various aspects.

[0075] In some aspects of wireless communication, the nonlinearity of a power amplifier (PA) at a transmitting device may result in signal distortion and an increase in error vector magnitude (EVM) at a receiving device. This nonlinearity may be experienced at higher powers (e.g., above the saturation point). In order to maintain the linearity of the PA, the transmitter may employ a backoff that sacrifices total power to reduce signal distortion. When transmitting a waveform associated with a higher PAPR, the transmitting device may use a larger backoff to maintain the linearity of the PA. In order to increase the total power of a particular waveform, a method may be employed to reduce the PAPR associated with the particular waveform to allow for a smaller backoff. In some aspects, limiting and filtering (CF), tone reservation (TR), or spectrum spreading may be used to reduce the PAPR.

[0076] A method and apparatus for providing PAPR reduction for DFT-s-OFDM by introducing constraints on phase transitions or relationships between phase transitions between two consecutive modulation symbols is described. In general, when the phase transitions between consecutive modulation symbols are large (e.g., have a large magnitude), the PAPR may be large, and conversely, when the phase transitions between consecutive modulation symbols are small (e.g., have a small and / or zero magnitude), the PAPR may be small. By staying within the phase transition constraints between consecutive modulation symbols, as presented herein, the PAPR of a signal may be reduced and / or constrained with less distortion than CF. As in TR, the PAPR may be reduced without increasing the complexity of calculating the signal to be added in the configured tones (e.g., iterative processing). As in spectrum extension, the PAPR may be reduced without increasing the frequency band. The method and apparatus may provide a set of modulation symbols for which the transitions between consecutive symbols follow a known or configured distribution. By constraining the phase transitions of consecutive modulation symbols to have a known or configured distribution of phase transitions, a corresponding PAPR (or maximum PAPR) may be implemented. The method and apparatus may also be associated with new signaling for indicating a known or configured distribution of transitions between consecutive symbols. In some aspects, the method and apparatus are associated with a distribution matching function and / or component that implements and / or enforces a known or configured distribution after a set of bits is encoded and before a modulation operation. In some aspects, placing the distribution matching function and / or component after the encoding allows the distribution matching algorithm to be independent of or transparent to the channel encoder.

[0077] Figure 4 400 is a diagram illustrating a processing pipeline of a transmitter device (e.g., a wireless device such as a UE, a base station, or a network node) according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The processing pipeline can be applied to a set of bits 401 to produce a transmit signal 407. In some aspects, the set of bits 401 can be a sequence of code block bits. The processing pipeline can include an encoder 402 (e.g., an LDPC encoder or a polar encoder), which in some aspects can include rate matching. The encoder 402 can generate a set of coded bits 410, including reference symbols 411 and can include a set of bits mapped to QPSK symbols (e.g., two bits mapped to each symbol).

[0078] After the encoding, the processing pipeline may include a distribution matching function 403. In some aspects, the distribution matching function 403 may implement a known or configured phase transition distribution between consecutive modulation symbols. For example, the phase transition distribution may be The phase transition is assigned probability [α, β, γ], where α+β+γ=1. Figure 5is a set of diagrams 510 and 520 illustrating a set of transitions between symbols (e.g., possible states of a pi / 4QPSK constellation). Diagram 510 illustrates that for a first symbol 511 (e.g., reference symbol s0), there is a set of probabilities α, β, and γ of transitioning to symbols (e.g., states in the pi / 4QPSK constellation) 512, 513, and 514, respectively. Similarly, diagram 520 illustrates that if the first transition is from the first symbol 511 to 513, there may be the same set s1 of probabilities α, β, and γ of transitioning to symbols (e.g., states in the pi / 4QPSK constellation) 524, 525, and 526, respectively, from a second symbol 523 (e.g., a symbol after reference symbol s0). In some aspects, the configuration of the probability distribution may be more or less aggressive (e.g., a higher or lower probability may be assigned to transitions with smaller phase changes). In some aspects, the distribution matching function 403 can be placed after the encoder 402 to avoid the additional complexity associated with rate matching and other considerations associated with distribution matching prior to encoding at the encoder 402. By constraining the phase transitions of consecutive modulation symbols to have a configured phase transition distribution, a corresponding PAPR (or maximum PAPR) can be implemented.

[0079] In some aspects, distribution matching function 403 may perform a phase shift from a set of coded bits 410 to amplitude samples 420 indicating a phase shift from the last symbol (eg, an amplitude of "1" indicates Phase shift; amplitude "2" indicates Phase shift, amplitude "3" indicates In some aspects, a reference symbol is provided to a receiving device along with the indicated phase shift to allow the receiving device to identify the phase shift at which a subsequent phase shift begins. The mapping may be implemented based on a lookup table (LUT) or a mapping algorithm. Therefore, in some aspects, each set of coded bits 410 may be mapped to a specific set of output symbols that satisfy the distribution of amplitudes and / or phase shift values ​​for consecutive symbols (e.g., there is a 1-to-1 mapping from a set of coded bits to a set of output symbols). For example, in order to implement a known or configured probability distribution, in some aspects, the 1-to-1 mapping may map a complete set of coded bits to a corresponding set of symbols (or amplitude samples). This set of output symbols that satisfy the distribution of amplitudes and / or phase shift values ​​may include a greater number of symbols than are necessary to carry the coded bits. For example, information carried by 32 bits may be capable of being encoded in 16 symbols (e.g., each symbol corresponding to 2 coded bits), but in order to use a set of symbols that conforms to a known or configured distribution of amplitude and / or phase shift values, the set of symbols may include a larger number of symbols (e.g., 32 symbols) so that only a subset of the possible set of symbols is used for the mapping.

[0080] In some aspects, the "rate" (e.g., the number of input coded bits (output of 402) divided by the number of output modulation symbols (output of 404) multiplied by the modulation order or the number of input bits per output symbol of the distribution matching function 403) can decrease as the probability distribution becomes more aggressive (e.g., assigning higher probabilities to smaller magnitude transitions). In some aspects, the reduction in the rate associated with the distribution matching function 403 can reflect a reduction in the number of candidate symbol sequences that satisfy the probability distribution, such that additional symbols can be used to provide a set of symbols that can be mapped one-to-one to the set of input (coded) bits.

[0081] After the distribution matching function 403, the processing pipeline may include a modulation function 404. The modulation function 404 may generate a set of modulation symbols. The phases of the symbols in the set of modulation symbols may be derived from the generated amplitude samples 420 and the reference symbols 411 (and additional reference symbols if configured). The set of modulation symbols may then be processed by a DFT function 405 and an iFFT function 406 in the processing pipeline. As indicated, the processing pipeline may produce a signal 407 for transmission by a transmitting device.

[0082] Figure 6 600 is a diagram illustrating a processing pipeline of a receiving device (e.g., a wireless device such as a UE, a base station, or a network node) according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The processing pipeline can be applied to a signal 601 to produce a set of (decoded) bits 605. The processing pipeline can start with a first set of operations and / or components 602 (e.g., FFT function, equalization function, DMRS extraction function, DMRS channel estimation function, DFT function, and log-likelihood ratio (LLR) calculation function), which produces a "soft input" 606 (e.g., a set of soft bits) for an inverse distribution matching function 603.

[0083] The inverse distribution matching function 603 may be configured with a probability distribution, a distribution matching algorithm, and / or a distribution matching function of a sending device (e.g., Figure 4 The inverse distribution matching function may be used to generate a set of soft coded bits 607 for processing by a decoder 604 (e.g., an LDPC decoder or a polar decoder). The decoder 604 may generate a set of decoded bits 605. In some aspects, the set of decoded bits 605 may be equivalent to the set of coded bits 401.

[0084] Figure 7700 is a call flow diagram illustrating wireless communications according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The call flow diagram 700 illustrates an example of a base station 702 communicating with a UE 704, however, the example does not limit implementation to any particular type of device for wireless communications and may be used for communications between any of a wireless device, a UE, a network node, a network entity, a base station, or a base station component. The base station 702 may send a PAPR reduction configuration 706, and the UE 704 may receive the PAPR reduction configuration. In some aspects, the PAPR reduction configuration 706 may include information about a probability distribution associated with a distribution matching function for generating a PAPR-reduced transmit signal at the UE 704. The probability distribution may indicate information about a distribution matching function for generating a PAPR-reduced transmit signal at the UE 704 as described above. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The PAPR reduction configuration 706 may include information related to a distribution matching algorithm, a LUT for performing distribution matching (e.g., to implement a probability distribution), and / or a set of reference symbol positions and / or values. In some aspects, the PAPR reduction configuration 706 may be sent in an information element indicating one or more of the probability distribution, the distribution matching algorithm, and / or the LUT.

[0085] Based on the PAPR reduction configuration 706, the UE 704 may begin processing a set of information bits for transmission. Figure 4 Similar to the processing pipeline discussed, UE 704 may encode a set of information bits (e.g., bits 401) using a channel encoder (e.g., encoder 402) at 708 to produce a set of coded bits (e.g., coded bits 410). Based on the set of bits encoded at 708, UE 704 may generate a set of amplitude symbols (or samples) at 710 using a distribution matching function.

[0086] The generation of the amplitude symbol at 710 may be based on the entire set of coded bits (as opposed to bit-by-bit mapping or bit-by-bit group mapping). For example, given the entire set of coded (information) bits, the UE 704 may perform a distribution matching function that maps the entire set of coded bits to a corresponding set of amplitude symbols. In some aspects, the amplitude symbol and / or sample indicates (or corresponds to) a magnitude of a phase transition from a phase of a reference symbol. As described above with respect to Figure 4 and Figure 5 As described, in some aspects, the amplitude sign and / or samples 1, 2, or 3 may indicate a phase shift, respectively. and In some aspects, the amplitude symbols and / or samples may be based on a set of one or more reference symbols (e.g., a first symbol or a known set of symbols). In some aspects, the reference signals may be distributed throughout the transmit signal to improve accuracy and prevent incorrect amplitude symbols and / or samples from propagating for too long (e.g., greater than the spacing of the reference symbols).

[0087] Based on the amplitude symbols and / or samples and the reference symbols generated at 710, the UE 704 may generate a set of modulation symbols at 712. In some aspects, the modulation symbols may be associated with QAM or PSK modulation (e.g., pi / 4QPSK modulation). The generated modulation symbols may undergo the same process as described above with respect to Figure 4 After any additional processing, the UE 704 may transmit a PAPR-reduced transmission 714 based on the generated modulation symbols, and the base station 702 may receive the transmission.

[0088] The base station 702 may then generate a set of coded bits at 716 based on the PAPR-reduced transmission 714 (eg, based on the set of modulation symbols generated at 712). Figure 6 , the base station 702 may receive the signal 601 and process the received signal 601 through a first set of operations and / or components 602 to generate a soft input 606 for an inverse distribution matching function 603. The soft input 606 may then be processed by the inverse distribution matching function 603 to generate a set of soft coded bits 607. The inverse distribution matching function 603 may be configured based on the same information indicated in the PAPR reduction configuration 706.

[0089] After generating a set of coded bits (e.g., a set of soft bits or soft output) at 716, the base station 702 can decode the set of coded bits to generate a set of information bits. Figure 6 , the set of soft coded bits 607 of the inverse distribution matching function 603 may be processed by a decoder 604 to generate decoded bits and / or information bits 605 .

[0090] Figure 8800 is a call flow diagram illustrating wireless communications according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Call flow diagram 800 illustrates an example of a base station 802 communicating with a UE 804, however, the example does not limit implementation to any particular type of device for wireless communications and may be used for communications between any of a wireless device, a UE, a network node, a network entity, a base station, or a base station component. Base station 802 may send a PAPR reduction configuration 806, and UE 804 may receive the PAPR reduction configuration. In some aspects, PAPR reduction configuration 806 may include information about a probability distribution associated with a distribution matching function for generating a PAPR-reduced transmit signal at base station 802. The probability distribution may indicate information about a distribution matching function for generating a PAPR-reduced transmit signal at base station 802 as described above. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The PAPR reduction configuration 806 may include information related to a distribution matching algorithm, a LUT for performing distribution matching (e.g., to implement a probability distribution), and / or a set of reference symbol positions and / or values. The reference symbols correspond to symbols known at the receiver and transmitter. In some aspects, the PAPR reduction configuration 806 may be sent in an information element indicating one or more of the probability distribution, the distribution matching algorithm, and / or the LUT.

[0091] Based on the PAPR reduction configuration 806, the base station 802 may begin processing a set of information bits for transmission. Figure 4 Similar to the processing pipeline discussed, base station 802 may encode a set of information bits (e.g., bits 401) using a channel encoder (e.g., encoder 402) at 808 to produce a set of coded bits (e.g., coded bits 410). Based on the set of bits encoded at 808, base station 802 may generate a set of amplitude symbols (or samples) at 810 using a distribution matching function.

[0092] The generation of the amplitude symbol at 810 may be based on the entire set of coded bits (as opposed to a bit-by-bit mapping or bit-by-bit group mapping). For example, given the entire set of coded (information) bits, the base station 802 may perform a distribution matching function that maps the entire set of coded bits to a corresponding set of amplitude symbols. In some aspects, the amplitude symbol and / or sample indicates (or corresponds to) a magnitude of a phase transition from a phase of a reference symbol. As described above with respect to Figure 4 and Figure 5 As described, in some aspects, the amplitude sign and / or samples 1, 2, or 3 may indicate a phase shift, respectively. and In some aspects, the amplitude symbols and / or samples may be based on a set of one or more reference symbols (e.g., a first symbol or a known set of symbols). In some aspects, the reference signals may be distributed throughout the transmit signal to improve accuracy and prevent incorrect amplitude symbols and / or samples from propagating for too long (e.g., greater than the spacing of the reference symbols).

[0093] Based on the amplitude symbols and / or samples and the reference symbols generated at 810, the base station 802 may generate a set of modulation symbols at 812. In some aspects, the modulation symbols may be associated with QAM or PSK modulation (e.g., pi / 4QPSK modulation). The generated modulation symbols may undergo the same process as described above with respect to Figure 4 Additional processing described. After any additional processing, the base station 802 can transmit a PAPR-reduced transmission 814 based on the generated modulation symbols, and the UE 804 can receive the transmission.

[0094] UE 804 may then generate a set of coded bits at 816 based on the PAPR-reduced transmission 814 (eg, based on the set of modulation symbols generated at 812). Figure 6 , UE 804 may receive signal 601 and process the received signal 601 through a first set of operations and / or components 602 to generate a soft input 606 for an inverse distribution matching function 603. The soft input 606 may then be processed by the inverse distribution matching function 603 to generate a set of coded bits. The inverse distribution matching function 603 may be configured based on the same information indicated in the PAPR reduction configuration 806.

[0095] After generating a set of coded bits (e.g., a set of soft bits or soft output) at 816, the UE 804 may decode the set of coded bits to generate a set of information bits at 818. For example, referring to Figure 6 , the set of soft coded bits 607 of the inverse distribution matching function 603 may be processed by a decoder 604 to generate decoded bits and / or information bits 605 .

[0096] Fig. 9 900 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 704, or 804; apparatus 1304), a base station (e.g., base station 102, 702, or 802; network entity 1402), or other wireless communication device. For the description of flow chart 900, the method will be described as being performed by a UE to simplify the description. At 904, the UE may encode a set of information bits using a channel encoder. For example, 904 may be performed by Fig.13 The application processor 1306, the cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or the PAPR reduction component 198 or Fig.14The CU processor 1412, DU processor 1432, RU processor 1442, network processor 1412 and / or PAPR reduction component 198 of the present invention may be executed. In some aspects, the channel encoder may be an LDPC encoder and / or a polar encoder. In some aspects, encoding a set of information bits may produce a set of coded bits. For example, referring to Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the UE 704 (or the base station 802) may encode the set of information bits at 708 (or at 808) to produce a set of coded bits 410.

[0097] At 906, the UE may generate a set of amplitude symbols based on the set of encoded information bits from the channel encoder using a distribution matching function. For example, 906 may be composed of Fig.13 The application processor 1306, the cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or the PAPR reduction component 198 or Fig.14 The CU processor 1412, DU processor 1432, RU processor 1442, network processor 1412, and / or PAPR reduction component 198 of the present invention may be executed. In some aspects, the set of amplitude symbols indicates a set of phases used to generate a set of modulation symbols. In some aspects, the set of amplitude symbols may indicate a magnitude of a phase shift between consecutive modulation symbols. In some aspects, the distribution matching function may be associated with a probability distribution of different amplitudes for reducing the PAPR of the transmitted signal. For example, referring to Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the UE 704 (or the base station 802 ) may generate a set of amplitude symbols (or samples) using a distribution matching function at 710 (or at 810 ) to produce a set of amplitude samples 420 .

[0098] In some aspects, the UE may send or receive an indication of the distribution matching function used to generate the set of amplitude symbols at 906. In some aspects, the indication of the distribution matching function may be sent or received in an information element. In some aspects, the indication of the distribution matching function may be sent or received via one or more of DCI and / or UCI, MAC-CE, or RRC signaling, alone or in combination, for example, RRC signaling may be used to send or receive a set of candidate configurations activated by one or more of MAC-CE or DCI and / or UCI. In some aspects, the indication of the distribution matching function may include an indication of one or more of a probability distribution of phase shift variable values ​​between states, a distribution matching algorithm, and / or a LUT. In some aspects, the UE may receive the indication of the distribution matching function from a network node. In some aspects, the UE may send the indication of the distribution matching function to a second wireless communication device. For example, referring to Figure 7and Figure 8 , the UE 704 / 804 may receive the PAPR reduction configuration 706 / 806, and the base station 702 / 802 may send the PAPR reduction configuration.

[0099] At 908, the UE may generate a set of modulation symbols based on the set of amplitude symbols. For example, 908 may be composed of Fig.13 The application processor 1306, the cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or the PAPR reduction component 198 or Fig.14 The CU processor 1412, DU processor 1432, RU processor 1442, network processor 1412 and / or PAPR reduction component 198 of the present invention may be executed. In some aspects, the set of modulation symbols may be further based on at least one reference symbol. In some aspects, the at least one reference symbol may include multiple reference symbols associated with a set of known positions in the set of modulation symbols (and a corresponding set of known values ​​of the symbols at the set of known positions). In some aspects, an indication of the set of known positions and the corresponding set of known values ​​of the at least one reference symbol may be included in the indication of the distribution matching function and / or may be sent by the network node as a separate indication (and received by the UE) via one or more of the DCI and / or UCI, MAC-CE, or RRC signaling as described with respect to the indication of the distribution matching function. Each reference symbol may be used to define a set of subsequent symbols based on the amplitude symbol. In some aspects, the set of modulation symbols may be associated with at least one of QAM or PSK modulation (e.g., pi / 4QPSK modulation). For example, reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the UE 704 (or the base station 802) may generate a set of modulation symbols at 712 (or at 812) based on the reference symbols and the transitions as illustrated in diagrams 510 and 520.

[0100] Finally, at 910, the UE may send a signal based on the set of modulation symbols to the second device. For example, 910 may be Fig.13 The application processor 1306, the cellular baseband processor 1324, the transceiver 1322, the antenna 1380 and / or the PAPR reduction component 198 or Fig.14 1412, DU processor 1432, RU processor 1442, network processor 1412, transceiver 1446, antenna 1480 and / or PAPR reduction component 198. For example, referring to Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 8, the UE 704 (or base station 802) may (eg, after further processing by the DFT function 405 and the iFFT function 406) transmit a PAPR-reduced transmission 714 (or 814) based on the set of modulation symbols.

[0101] Fig.10 1000 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 704, or 804; apparatus 1304), a base station (e.g., base station 102, 702, or 802; network entity 1402), or other wireless communication device. For the description of flow chart 1000, the method will be described as being performed by a UE to simplify the description. At 1002, the UE may send or receive an indication of at least one of a distribution matching function, a pattern of reference symbols, or a value of the reference symbols. For example, 1002 may be performed by Fig.13 The application processor 1306, the cellular baseband processor 1324, the transceiver 1322, the antenna 1380 and / or the PAPR reduction component 198 or Fig.14 The CU processor 1412, DU processor 1432, RU processor 1442, network processor 1412, transceiver 1446, antenna 1480 and / or PAPR reduction component 198 of the UE may be executed. In some aspects, the indication of the distribution matching function or the reference symbol pattern or value may be sent or received in an information element. In some aspects, the indication of the distribution matching function or the reference symbol pattern or value may be sent or received via one or more of DCI and / or UCI, MAC-CE or RRC signaling, alone or in combination, for example, RRC signaling may be used to send or receive a set of candidate configurations activated by one or more of MAC-CE or DCI and / or UCI. In some aspects, the indication of the distribution matching function may include an indication of one or more of a probability distribution of transitions between states, a distribution matching algorithm and / or a LUT. In some aspects, the UE may receive the indication of the distribution matching function from a network node. In some aspects, the UE may send the indication of the distribution matching function to a second wireless communication device. For example, with reference to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the UE 704 / 804 may receive the PAPR reduction configuration 706 / 806, and the base station 702 / 802 may send the PAPR reduction configuration.

[0102] At 1004, the UE may encode the set of information bits using a channel encoder. For example, 1004 may be performed by Fig.13 The application processor 1306, the cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or the PAPR reduction component 198 or Fig.14The CU processor 1412, DU processor 1432, RU processor 1442, network processor 1412 and / or PAPR reduction component 198 of the present invention may be executed. In some aspects, the channel encoder may be an LDPC encoder and / or a polar encoder. In some aspects, encoding a set of information bits may produce a set of coded bits. For example, referring to Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the UE 704 (or the base station 802) may encode the set of information bits at 708 (or at 808) to produce a set of coded bits 410.

[0103] At 1006, the UE may generate a set of amplitude symbols based on the set of encoded information bits from the channel encoder using a distribution matching function. For example, 1006 may be composed of Fig.13 The application processor 1306, the cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or the PAPR reduction component 198 or Fig.14 The CU processor 1412, DU processor 1432, RU processor 1442, network processor 1412, and / or PAPR reduction component 198 of the present invention may be executed. In some aspects, the set of amplitude symbols indicates a set of phases used to generate a set of modulation symbols. In some aspects, the set of amplitude symbols may indicate a magnitude of a phase shift between consecutive modulation symbols. In some aspects, the distribution matching function may be associated with a probability distribution of different amplitudes for reducing the PAPR of the transmitted signal. For example, referring to Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the UE 704 (or the base station 802 ) may generate a set of amplitude symbols (or samples) using a distribution matching function at 710 (or at 810 ) to produce a set of amplitude samples 420 .

[0104] At 1008, the UE may generate a set of modulation symbols based on the set of amplitude symbols. For example, 1008 may be composed of Fig.13 The application processor 1306, the cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or the PAPR reduction component 198 or Fig.14The CU processor 1412, DU processor 1432, RU processor 1442, network processor 1412 and / or PAPR reduction component 198 of the present invention may be executed. In some aspects, the set of modulation symbols may be further based on at least one reference symbol. In some aspects, the at least one reference symbol may include multiple reference symbols associated with a set of known positions in the set of modulation symbols (and a corresponding set of known values ​​of the symbols at the set of known positions). In some aspects, the indication of the set of known positions and the corresponding set of known values ​​of the at least one reference symbol may be included in the indication of the distribution matching function received at 1002, and / or may be sent by the network node as a separate indication (and received by the UE) via one or more of the DCI and / or UCI, MAC-CE, or RRC signaling as described with respect to the indication of the distribution matching function. Each reference symbol may be used to define a set of subsequent symbols based on the amplitude symbol. In some aspects, the set of modulation symbols may be associated with at least one of QAM or PSK modulation (e.g., pi / 4QPSK modulation). For example, reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the UE 704 (or the base station 802) may generate a set of modulation symbols at 712 (or at 812) based on the reference symbols and the transitions as illustrated in diagrams 510 and 520.

[0105] Finally, at 1010, the UE may send a signal based on the set of modulation symbols to the second device. For example, 1010 may be performed by Fig.13 The application processor 1306, the cellular baseband processor 1324, the transceiver 1322, the antenna 1380 and / or the PAPR reduction component 198 or Fig.14 1412, DU processor 1432, RU processor 1442, network processor 1412, transceiver 1446, antenna 1480 and / or PAPR reduction component 198. For example, referring to Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the UE 704 (or base station 802) may (eg, after further processing by the DFT function 405 and the iFFT function 406) transmit a PAPR-reduced transmission 714 (or 814) based on the set of modulation symbols.

[0106] Fig.111100 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 102, 702, or 802; network entity 1402), a UE (e.g., UE 104, 704, or 804; apparatus 1304), or other wireless communication device. For the description of flow chart 1100, the method will be described as being performed by a base station to simplify the description. At 1104, the base station may receive a signal based on a set of modulation symbols. For example, 1104 may be performed by Fig.13 The application processor 1306, the cellular baseband processor 1324, the transceiver 1322, the antenna 1380 and / or the PAPR reduction component 198 or Fig.14 The CU processor 1412, DU processor 1432, RU processor 1442, network processor 1412, transceiver 1446, antenna 1480 and / or PAPR reduction component 198 of the present invention are executed. In some aspects, the set of modulation symbols may be further based on at least one reference symbol. In some aspects, the at least one reference symbol may include a plurality of reference symbols associated with a set of known positions in the set of modulation symbols (and a corresponding set of known values ​​of symbols at the set of known positions). In some aspects, the indication of the set of known positions and the corresponding set of known values ​​of the at least one reference symbol may be included in the indication of the distribution matching function, and / or may be sent by the network node as a separate indication (and received by the UE) via one or more of the DCI and / or UCI, MAC-CE, or RRC signaling as described for the indication of the distribution matching function. Each reference symbol may be used to define a set of subsequent symbols based on the amplitude symbol. In some aspects, the set of modulation symbols may be associated with at least one of QAM or PSK modulation (e.g., pi / 4QPSK modulation). For example, refer to Figures 6 to 8 , base station 702 (or UE 804 ) may receive a transmission 714 (or 814 ) with reduced PAPR corresponding to signal 601 .

[0107] Finally, at 1106, the base station may use a distribution matching function to derive a set of coded bits based on the set of received modulation symbols. For example, 1106 may be performed by Fig.13 The application processor 1306, the cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or the PAPR reduction component 198 or Fig.141412, DU processor 1432, RU processor 1442, network processor 1412, and / or PAPR reduction component 198. In some aspects, deriving a set of coded bits may include a set of operations in a processing pipeline (such as an FFT function, an equalization function, a DFT function, and an LLR calculation function), the set of operations being used to generate a soft input 606, which can be used to derive the set of coded bits using the distribution matching function. Based on the distribution matching function (e.g., indicated at 1102), the base station may generate an inverse distribution matching function to map the modulation symbol received at 1104 to a set of values ​​of the coded bits (the expected value of the coded bit at the transmitting device). The set of coded bits (or the set of values ​​of the coded bits) may be a set of soft bits to be decoded by a decoder (e.g., a subsequent decoding step). For example, referring to Figures 6 to 8 , the base station 702 (or UE 804) may derive a set of coded bits at 716 (or at 816) based on the PAPR-reduced transmission 714 (or 814) corresponding to the signal 601 (e.g., based on the set of modulation symbols generated at 712 (or at 812)). In some aspects, deriving the coded bits at 716 (or at 816) may include processing the signal 601 through a first set of operations and / or components 602 to produce a soft input 606, and then applying an inverse distribution matching function 603 to produce the set of soft coded bits 607 for processing by a decoder 604 to produce bits 605.

[0108] In some aspects, an indication of the distribution matching function used at 1106 may be sent or received by the base station. In some aspects, the indication of the distribution matching function may be sent or received in an information element. In some aspects, the indication of the distribution matching function may be sent or received via one or more of DCI and / or UCI, MAC-CE, or RRC signaling, alone or in combination, for example, RRC signaling may be used to send or receive a set of candidate configurations activated by one or more of MAC-CE or DCI and / or UCI. In some aspects, the indication of the distribution matching function may include an indication of one or more of a probability distribution of transitions between states, a distribution matching algorithm, and / or a LUT. In some aspects, the base station may receive the indication of the distribution matching function from a network node. In some aspects, the base station may send the indication of the distribution matching function to a second wireless communication device. For example, referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the base station 702 / 802 may send a PAPR reduction configuration 706 / 806, and the UE 704 / 804 may receive the PAPR reduction configuration.

[0109] Fig.121200 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 102, 702, or 802; network entity 1402), a UE (e.g., UE 104, 704, or 804; apparatus 1304), or other wireless communication device. For the description of flow chart 1200, the method will be described as being performed by a base station to simplify the description. At 1202, the base station may send or receive an indication of at least one of a distribution matching function, a pattern of reference symbols, or a value of the reference symbols. For example, 1202 may be performed by Fig.13 The application processor 1306, the cellular baseband processor 1324, the transceiver 1322, the antenna 1380 and / or the PAPR reduction component 198 or Fig.14 The CU processor 1412, DU processor 1432, RU processor 1442, network processor 1412, transceiver 1446, antenna 1480 and / or PAPR reduction component 198 of the present invention may be executed. In some aspects, the indication of the distribution matching function or the reference symbol pattern or value may be sent or received in an information element. In some aspects, the indication of the distribution matching function or the reference symbol pattern or value may be sent or received via one or more of DCI and / or UCI, MAC-CE or RRC signaling, alone or in combination, for example, RRC signaling may be used to send or receive a set of candidate configurations activated by one or more of MAC-CE or DCI and / or UCI. In some aspects, the indication of the distribution matching function may include an indication of one or more of a probability distribution of transitions between states, a distribution matching algorithm and / or a LUT. In some aspects, the base station may receive the indication of the distribution matching function from a network node. In some aspects, the base station may send the indication of the distribution matching function to a second wireless communication device. For example, with reference to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the base station 702 / 802 may send a PAPR reduction configuration 706 / 806, and the UE 704 / 804 may receive the PAPR reduction configuration.

[0110] At 1204, the base station may receive a signal based on a set of modulation symbols. For example, 1204 may be performed by Fig.13 The application processor 1306, the cellular baseband processor 1324, the transceiver 1322, the antenna 1380 and / or the PAPR reduction component 198 or Fig.14The CU processor 1412, DU processor 1432, RU processor 1442, network processor 1412, transceiver 1446, antenna 1480 and / or PAPR reduction component 198 of the present invention are performed. In some aspects, the set of modulation symbols may be further based on at least one reference symbol. In some aspects, the at least one reference symbol may include a plurality of reference symbols associated with a set of known positions in the set of modulation symbols (and a corresponding set of known values ​​of the symbols at the set of known positions). In some aspects, the indication of the set of known positions and the corresponding set of known values ​​of the at least one reference symbol may be included in the indication of the distribution matching function sent or received at 1202, and / or may be sent or received by the base station via one or more of the DCI and / or UCI, MAC-CE, or RRC signaling as described with respect to the indication of the distribution matching function as a separate indication. Each reference symbol may be used to define a set of subsequent symbols based on the amplitude symbol. In some aspects, the set of modulation symbols may be associated with at least one of QAM or PSK modulation (e.g., pi / 4QPSK modulation). Figures 6 to 8 , base station 702 (or UE 804) may receive a PAPR-reduced transmission 714 (or 814) corresponding to signal 601.

[0111] Finally, at 1206, the base station may use a distribution matching function to derive a set of coded bits based on the set of received modulation symbols. For example, 1206 may be performed by Fig.13 The application processor 1306, the cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or the PAPR reduction component 198 or Fig.14 1412, DU processor 1432, RU processor 1442, network processor 1412, and / or PAPR reduction component 198. In some aspects, deriving a set of coded bits may include a set of operations in a processing pipeline (such as an FFT function, an equalization function, a DFT function, and an LLR calculation function), and the set of operations is used to generate a soft input 606, which can be used to derive the set of coded bits using the distribution matching function. Based on the distribution matching function (e.g., indicated at 1202), the base station may generate an inverse distribution matching function to map the modulation symbol received at 1204 to a set of values ​​of the coded bits (the expected value of the coded bit at the transmitting device). The set of coded bits (or the set of values ​​of the coded bits) may be a set of soft bits to be decoded by a decoder (e.g., a subsequent decoding step). For example, referring to Figures 6 to 8, the base station 702 (or UE 804) may derive a set of coded bits at 716 (or at 816) based on the PAPR-reduced transmission 714 (or 814) corresponding to the signal 601 (e.g., based on the set of modulation symbols generated at 712 (or at 812)). In some aspects, deriving the coded bits at 716 (or at 816) may include processing the signal 601 through a first set of operations and / or components 602 to produce a soft input 606, and then applying an inverse distribution matching function 603 to produce the set of soft coded bits 607 for processing by a decoder 604 to produce bits 605.

[0112] After deriving the set of coded bits (e.g., a set of soft bits or soft outputs) at 1206, the base station may decode the set of coded bits to generate (e.g., derive or determine) a set of information bits. Figures 6 to 8 , the base station 702 (or UE 804) may decode at 718 (or at 818) the set of coded bits corresponding to the set of soft coded bits 607 generated at 716 (or at 816) to produce bits 605.

[0113] Fig.131300 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1304. The apparatus 1304 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1304 may include a cellular baseband processor 1324 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1322 (e.g., a cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor 1324 may include on-chip memory 1324'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1304 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1320 and an application processor 1306 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1308 and a screen 1310. The application processor 1306 may include on-chip memory 1306'. In some aspects, the device 1304 may also include a Bluetooth module 1312, a WLAN module 1314, an SPS module 1316 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1318 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; a motion sensor such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-aided detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1326, a power source 1330, and / or a camera 1332. The Bluetooth module 1312, the WLAN module 1314, and the SPS module 1316 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, only a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1312, the WLAN module 1314, and the SPS module 1316 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using antennas 1380. The cellular baseband processor 1324 communicates with the UE 104 and / or with the RU associated with the network entity 1302 via the transceiver 1322 via one or more antennas 1380. The cellular baseband processor 1324 and the application processor 1306 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 1324', 1306', respectively. The additional memory module 1326 may also be considered as a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1324', 1306', 1326 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1324 and the application processor 1306 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on a computer-readable medium / memory. The software enables the cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306 to perform the various functions described above when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1304 may be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or the application processor 1306, and in another configuration, the device 1304 may be the entire UE (e.g., see. Figure 3 350) and includes additional modules of device 1304.

[0114] As discussed above, in some aspects, the PAPR reduction component 198 may be configured to: encode a set of information bits using a channel encoder; generate a set of amplitude symbols based on the set of coded bits from the channel encoder using a distribution matching function; generate a set of modulation symbols based on the set of amplitude symbols; and send a signal based on the set of modulation symbols to the second device. The PAPR reduction component 198 may be configured to perform a combination of Fig. 9 , Fig.10 The various aspects described by the flowcharts in and / or by Figure 7 UE and / or Figure 8 In addition or alternatively, the PAPR reduction component 198 may be configured to receive a signal based on a set of modulation symbols from a first device (e.g., a transmitting device), and to derive a set of coded bits based on the received set of modulation symbols using a distribution matching function. The PAPR reduction component 198 may be configured to perform a combination of Fig.11 and Fig.12 The various aspects described by the flowcharts in and / or by Figure 8 UE and / or Fig. 91304. The PAPR reduction component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor 1324, the application processor 1306, or both the cellular baseband processor 1324 and the application processor 1306. The PAPR reduction component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated process / algorithms, stored in a computer readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. As shown, the device 1304 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, in some aspects, the apparatus 1304 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or the application processor 1306) may include: means for encoding a set of information bits using a channel encoder; means for generating a set of amplitude symbols based on the set of coded bits from the channel encoder using a distribution matching function; means for generating a set of modulation symbols based on the set of amplitude symbols; means for sending a signal based on the set of modulation symbols to a second device; means for receiving an indication of the distribution matching function from a network node; means for sending an indication of the distribution matching function to the second device (e.g., UE) for receiving the signal. The apparatus may include means for performing a combination of Fig. 9 , Fig.10 The various aspects described by the flowcharts in and / or by Figure 7 UE and / or Figure 8 In some aspects, the apparatus 1304 may include: a component for receiving a signal based on a set of modulation symbols from a first device; and a component for generating a set of coded bits based on the set of modulation symbols using a distribution matching function. The PAPR reduction component 198 may be configured to perform a combination of Fig.11 and Fig.12 The various aspects described by the flowcharts in and / or by Figure 8 UE and / or Fig. 9 Any of the aspects performed by the base station in the apparatus 1304. The means may be the PAPR reduction component 198 of the apparatus 1304 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the apparatus 1304 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0115] Fig.141400 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 1402. The network entity 1402 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. The network entity 1402 may include at least one of a CU 1410, a DU 1430, or a RU 1440. For example, depending on the layer functionality processed by the PAPR reduction component 198, the network entity 1402 may include a CU 1410; both a CU 1410 and a DU 1430; each of the CU 1410, the DU 1430, and the RU 1440; the DU 1430; both the DU 1430 and the RU 1440; or the RU 1440. The CU 1410 may include a CU processor 1412. The CU processor 1412 may include an on-chip memory 1412'. In some aspects, the CU 1410 may also include an additional memory module 1414 and a communication interface 1418. CU1410 communicates with DU 1430 via a midhaul link (such as an F1 interface). DU 1430 may include a DU processor 1432. DU processor 1432 may include on-chip memory 1432'. In some aspects, DU 1430 may also include additional memory modules 1434 and communication interfaces 1438. DU 1430 communicates with RU 1440 via a fronthaul link. RU 1440 may include a RU processor 1442. RU processor 1442 may include on-chip memory 1442'. In some aspects, RU 1440 may also include additional memory modules 1444, one or more transceivers 1446, antenna 1480, and communication interface 1448. RU 1440 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memory 1412', 1432', 1442' and additional memory modules 1414, 1434, 1444 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. Each of processors 1412, 1432, 1442 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0116] As discussed above, the PAPR reduction component 198 may be configured to: encode a set of information bits using a channel encoder; generate a set of amplitude symbols based on the set of coded bits from the channel encoder using a distribution matching function; generate a set of modulation symbols based on the set of amplitude symbols; and send a signal based on the set of modulation symbols to a second device. The apparatus may include a method for performing a combination of Fig. 9 , Fig.10 The various aspects described by the flowcharts in and / or by Figure 7 UE and / or Figure 8 Additionally or alternatively, the PAPR reduction component 198 may be configured to receive a signal based on a set of modulation symbols from a first device (e.g., a transmitting device), and to derive a set of coded bits based on the received set of modulation symbols using a distribution matching function. The PAPR reduction component 198 may be configured to perform a combination of Fig.11 , Fig.12 The various aspects described by the flowcharts in and / or by Figure 8 UE and / or Figure 7 Any of the aspects performed by a base station in . The PAPR reduction component 198 may be within one or more processors of one or more of the CU 1410, the DU 1430, and the RU 1440. The PAPR reduction component 198 may be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the foregoing. The network entity 1402 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 1402 includes: a component for encoding a set of information bits using a channel encoder; a component for generating a set of amplitude symbols based on the set of coded bits from the channel encoder using a distribution matching function; a component for generating a set of modulation symbols based on the set of amplitude symbols; a component for sending a signal based on the set of modulation symbols to a second device; and a component for receiving an indication of the distribution matching function from a network node. The network entity may include a component for performing a combination Fig. 9 , Fig.10 The various aspects described by the flowcharts in and / or by Figure 7 UE and / or Figure 8 In some aspects, the network entity 1402 may include: a component for sending an indication of the distribution matching function to the second device (e.g., UE) for receiving the signal; a component for receiving a signal based on a set of modulation symbols from the first device; and a component for generating a set of coded bits based on the set of modulation symbols using the distribution matching function. The network entity may include a component for performing a combination Fig.11 , Fig.12 The various aspects described by the flowcharts in and / or by Figure 8 UE and / or Figure 71402. The means may be a PAPR reduction component 198 of the network entity 1402 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the network entity 1402 may include a TX processor 316, an RX processor 370, and a controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be a TX processor 316, an RX processor 370, and / or a controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0117] As discussed above, in some aspects of wireless communication, nonlinearity of a PA at a transmitting device may result in signal distortion and increased EVM at a receiving device. This nonlinearity may be experienced at higher powers (e.g., beyond the saturation point). In order to maintain the linearity of the PA, the transmitter may employ a backoff that sacrifices total power to reduce signal distortion. When transmitting a waveform associated with a higher PAPR, the transmitting device may use a larger backoff to maintain the linearity of the PA. In order to increase the total power of a particular waveform, a method may be employed to reduce the PAPR associated with the particular waveform to allow for a smaller backoff.

[0118] The above describes a method and apparatus for providing PAPR reduction for DFT-s-OFDM by introducing constraints on the phase transitions between two consecutive modulation symbols. The method and apparatus may provide a set of modulation symbols for which the transitions between consecutive symbols follow a known or configured distribution. The method and apparatus may also be associated with new signaling for indicating a known or configured transition distribution between consecutive symbols. In some aspects, the method and apparatus are associated with a distribution matching function and / or component that implements and / or implements a known or configured distribution after a set of bits is encoded and before a modulation operation. In some aspects, placing the distribution matching function and / or component after the encoding allows for a simplified distribution matching algorithm and / or for implementing the distribution matching.

[0119] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is merely an illustration of the exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart may be rearranged based on design preferences. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The attached method claims provide the elements of the various blocks in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy provided.

[0120] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the various aspects described herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language claims. Unless otherwise specified, reference to an element in the singular form does not mean "one and only one", but "one or more". Terms such as "if", "when" and "while" do not mean a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when ......", do not mean an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if the conditions are met, the action will occur, but no specific or immediate time limit is required for the occurrence of the action. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "used as an example, instance, or illustration". Any aspect described as "exemplary" herein is not necessarily interpreted as being preferred or having advantages over other aspects. Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, which may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If the first device receives data from the second device or sends data to the second device, the data may be received / sent directly between the first device and the second device, or indirectly between the first device and the second device through a collection of devices. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout the present disclosure that are known or will later be known to a person of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly stated in the claims. Words such as "module", "mechanism", "element", "device", etc. cannot replace the word "component". Therefore, no claim element will be understood as a component plus function unless the element is explicitly stated using the phrase "component for..."

[0121] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be interpreted as "based at least on A" unless specifically stated differently.

[0122] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0123] Aspect 1 is a method at a first device for performing wireless communications to improve the PAPR in at least one of a single-carrier FDM signal or a DFT-s-OFDM, the method comprising: encoding a set of information bits using a channel encoder; generating a set of amplitude symbols based on the set of coded bits from the channel encoder using a distribution matching function; generating a set of modulation symbols based on the set of amplitude symbols; and sending a signal based on the set of modulation symbols to a second device.

[0124] Aspect 2 is a method according to aspect 1, wherein the set of amplitude symbols indicates a set of phases used to generate the set of modulation symbols.

[0125] Aspect 3 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 and 2, wherein the set of modulation symbols is further based on at least one reference symbol.

[0126] Aspect 4 is a method according to aspect 3, wherein the at least one reference symbol comprises a plurality of reference symbols associated with a set of known positions in the set of modulation symbols.

[0127] Aspect 5 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the set of modulation symbols is associated with at least one of QAM or PSK modulation.

[0128] Aspect 6 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the first device is a UE and the second device is a network node, and the method further includes: receiving an indication of at least one of the distribution matching function, the pattern of the reference symbol, or the value of the reference symbol from the network node, wherein the indication is included in one of the DCI, MAC-CE, or RRC signaling, the indication of the distribution matching function includes an indication of one or more of a probability distribution of phase shift variable values ​​between states, a distribution matching algorithm, or a LUT, and the set of amplitude symbols is generated using the distribution matching function indicated by the network node.

[0129] Aspect 7 is the method according to aspect 6, wherein the indication of the distribution matching function comprises an information element.

[0130] Aspect 8 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 5 or 7, the method further comprising: sending an indication of the distribution matching function to the second device for receiving the signal.

[0131] Aspect 9 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the first device is a first network node, and the second device is a UE.

[0132] Aspect 10 is a method at a second device for performing wireless communications to improve PAPR in at least one of a single-carrier FDM signal or DFT-s-OFDM, the method comprising: receiving a signal based on a set of modulation symbols from a first device; and deriving a set of coded bits based on the received set of modulation symbols using a distribution matching function.

[0133] Aspect 11 is the method according to aspect 10, wherein the set of modulation symbols is further based on at least one reference symbol.

[0134] Aspect 12 is a method according to aspect 11, wherein the at least one reference symbol comprises a plurality of reference symbols associated with a set of known positions in the set of modulation symbols.

[0135] Aspect 13 is a method according to any one of aspects 10 to 12, wherein the set of modulation symbols is associated with at least one of QAM or PSK modulation.

[0136] Aspect 14 is a method according to any one of aspects 10 to 13, wherein the second device is a UE and the first device is a network node, the method further comprising: receiving an indication of the distribution matching function from the network node.

[0137] Aspect 15 is a method according to aspect 14, wherein the indication of the distribution matching function comprises an information element.

[0138] Aspect 16 is a method according to any one of aspects 10 to 13 or 15, wherein the second device is a network node and the first device is a UE, and the method further includes: sending an indication of the distribution matching function to the UE for sending the signal.

[0139] Aspect 17 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising a memory and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and being configured to implement any one of Aspects 1 to 16 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0140] Aspect 18 is the method according to aspect 17, the method further comprising a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor.

[0141] Aspect 19 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising means for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 16.

[0142] Aspect 20 is a computer-readable medium (eg, a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 16.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a first device to improve a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in at least one of a single carrier frequency division multiplexing (FDM) signal or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (DFT-s-OFDM), the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor configured to: Encoding the set of information bits using a channel encoder; generating a set of amplitude symbols based on a set of coded bits from the channel encoder using a distribution matching function; generating a set of modulation symbols based on the set of amplitude symbols; as well as A signal based on the set of modulation symbols is sent to a second device.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of amplitude symbols indicates a set of phases used to generate the set of modulation symbols.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of modulation symbols is further based on at least one reference symbol.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one reference symbol comprises a plurality of reference symbols associated with a set of known positions in the set of modulation symbols.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of modulation symbols is associated with at least one of QAM or PSK modulation.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first device is a user equipment (UE) and the second device is a network node, the at least one processor being further configured to: An indication of at least one of the distribution matching function, the pattern of reference symbols, or the value of the reference symbols is received from the network node, wherein the indication is included in one of downlink control information (DCI), medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) (MAC-CE), or radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the indication of the distribution matching function includes an indication of one or more of a probability distribution of phase shift variable values ​​between states, a distribution matching algorithm, or a lookup table (LUT), and the set of amplitude symbols is generated using the distribution matching function indicated by the network node.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the indication of the distribution matching function comprises an information element.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a transceiver or an antenna, the at least one processor being further configured to: An indication of the distribution matching function is sent to the second device via the at least one of the transceiver or the antenna for receiving the signal.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first device is a network node and the second wireless device is a user equipment (UE).

10. An apparatus for wireless communication at a second device to improve a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in at least one of a single carrier frequency division multiplexing (FDM) signal or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (DFT-s-OFDM), the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor configured to: receiving a signal based on a set of modulation symbols from a first device; as well as A distribution matching function is used to derive a set of coded bits based on the received set of modulation symbols. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the set of modulation symbols is further based on at least one reference symbol.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the at least one reference symbol comprises a plurality of reference symbols associated with a set of known positions in the set of modulation symbols.

13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the set of modulation symbols is associated with at least one of QAM or PSK modulation.

14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the second device is a user equipment (UE) and the first device is a network node, the at least one processor being further configured to: An indication of at least one of the distribution matching function, the pattern of reference symbols, or the value of the reference symbols is received from the network node, wherein the indication is included in one of downlink control information (DCI), medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) (MAC-CE), or radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the indication of the distribution matching function includes an indication of one or more of a probability distribution of phase shift variable values ​​between states, a distribution matching algorithm, or a lookup table (LUT), and the set of amplitude symbols is generated using the distribution matching function indicated by the network node.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the indication of the distribution matching function comprises an information element.

16. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising at least one of a transceiver or an antenna, wherein the second device is a network node and the first device is a user equipment (UE), the at least one processor being further configured to: An indication of the distribution matching function is sent to the UE via the at least one of the transceiver or the antenna for sending the signal.

17. A method at a first device for wireless communication to improve peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in at least one of a single carrier frequency division multiplexing (FDM) signal or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (DFT-s-OFDM), the method comprising: Encoding the set of information bits using a channel encoder; generating a set of amplitude symbols based on a set of coded bits from the channel encoder using a distribution matching function; generating a set of modulation symbols based on the set of amplitude symbols; as well as A signal based on the set of modulation symbols is sent to a second device.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the set of amplitude symbols indicates a set of phases used to generate the set of modulation symbols.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the set of modulation symbols is further based on at least one reference symbol.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the at least one reference symbol comprises a plurality of reference symbols associated with a set of known positions in the set of modulation symbols.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein the set of modulation symbols is associated with at least one of QAM or PSK modulation.

22. The method of claim 17, wherein the first device is a user equipment (UE) and the second device is a network node, the method further comprising: An information element indicating at least one of the distribution matching function, the pattern of reference symbols, or the value of the reference symbols is received from the network node, wherein the indication is included in one of downlink control information (DCI), medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) (MAC-CE), or radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the indication of the distribution matching function includes an indication of one or more of a probability distribution of phase shift variable values ​​between states, a distribution matching algorithm, or a lookup table (LUT), and the set of amplitude symbols is generated using the distribution matching function indicated by the network node.

23. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: An indication of the distribution matching function is sent to the second device for receiving the signal.

24. A method for wireless communication at a second device to improve peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in at least one of a single carrier frequency division multiplexing (FDM) signal or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (DFT-s-OFDM), the method comprising: receiving a signal based on a set of modulation symbols from a first device; as well as A distribution matching function is used to derive a set of coded bits based on the received set of modulation symbols.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the set of modulation symbols is further based on at least one reference symbol.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the at least one reference symbol comprises a plurality of reference symbols associated with a set of known positions in the set of modulation symbols.

27. The method of claim 24, wherein the set of modulation symbols is associated with at least one of QAM or PSK modulation.

28. The method of claim 24, wherein the second device is a user equipment (UE) and the first device is a network node, the method further comprising: Receiving an indication of at least one of the distribution matching function, a pattern of reference symbols, or a value of the reference symbols, wherein the indication is included in one of downlink control information (DCI), medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) (MAC-CE), or radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the indication of the distribution matching function includes an indication of one or more of a probability distribution of phase shift variable values ​​between states, a distribution matching algorithm, or a lookup table (LUT), and the set of amplitude symbols is generated using the distribution matching function indicated by the network node.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the indication of the distribution matching function comprises an information element.

30. The method of claim 24, wherein the second device is a network node and the first device is a user equipment (UE), the method further comprising: An indication of the distribution matching function is sent to the UE for use in sending the signal.

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