Potato seedling excitation desorption separation mechanism of intelligent potato combine harvester

Abstract

The invention provides a potato seedling excitation desorption separation mechanism of an intelligent potato combine harvester, which is characterized in that a rack is supported on the ground through land wheels, and the front end of the rack is connected with a tractor through a traction frame; tensioning mechanisms of the potato and seedling mixing and conveying device are hinged to the two sides of the rack respectively, a potato and soil conveying driving shaft of the potato and soil conveying assembly is supported on the rack, a reversing wheel and a reversing roller are installed on the first-stage potato and soil separating device, a potato and soil conveying screen is hung between the reversing wheel and the reversing roller, and a potato and seedling conveying driving shaft of the potato and seedling conveying assembly is supported on the rack. A potato seedling conveying screen is hung between the potato seedling conveying device and the reversing roller; a potato seedling desorption device I and a potato seedling desorption device II of the potato seedling shock excitation desorption device are supported in the middle of a vertical plate of a rack, and a shifting plate installed on an installation protrusion of a desorption middle plate faces the advancing direction of the potato combine harvester. The potato seedling desorption device I and the potato seedling desorption device II are respectively connected with a vertical plate of the rack through an adjusting assembly I and an adjusting assembly II. The potato seedling separating device is high in potato seedling separating efficiency, good in effect and excellent in quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention provides a vibrating and desorbing separation mechanism for potato vines of an intelligent potato combine harvester, belonging to the field of potato whole-process mechanized equipment, and is mainly used for the desorbing and separating work of potato vines during the operation of the potato combine harvester. Background Art

[0002] During the operation of potato combine harvesting, the structure form of the potato vine separation is the key to affecting the operation efficiency and harvesting quality of the machine. It is found through investigation that when the mixture of potatoes, soil, vines, and impurities runs to the end of the separation device of the potato combine harvester, some potato tubers are still connected to the vines. If appropriate potato vine separation measures or potato picking means are not taken, some potato tubers connected, adhered, and wrapped with the vines will be discharged outside the harvester together with the clustered vines, long-strip vines, and weeds, thus increasing the loss rate of potatoes and seriously affecting the planting economic benefits of potato farmers.

[0003] Whether the potato vine separation and desorption effect is ideal is the key to affecting the operation efficiency and harvesting quality of the machine. At present, the potato vine separation often adopts the separation structure form of a vine-pulling roller. During the rotation process, the vine-pulling roller clamps the potato vines, weeds, etc. and extracts them from the potato group, so as to achieve the purpose of potato vine separation. However, this separation method has a low separation efficiency when harvesting in plots with more vines and weeds, and is prone to problems such as collision damage and extrusion damage of potatoes, thus affecting the harvesting quality of potatoes; due to the potato vines during the harvesting period having a certain toughness and strength, phenomena such as vine entanglement with rod strips and clustered vines blocking the separation and impurity removal components will occur during machine harvesting, seriously affecting the operation performance of the machine; the impurity content is too high, and the potatoes need to be cleaned twice before being stored in the warehouse, reducing the production efficiency, significantly increasing the impurity removal cost, and also increasing the damage rate of potato skins.

[0004] Looking at the current situation of the potato mechanized harvesting equipment industry, there is an urgent need for a vibrating and desorbing separation mechanism for potato vines of an intelligent potato combine harvester with good potato vine separation effect, fast and convenient operation, and beneficial to potato loss reduction and damage prevention. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vibrating and desorbing separation mechanism for potato vines of an intelligent potato combine harvester, which separates potato vines by means of vibration desorption, has high potato vine separation efficiency, good effect, and excellent harvesting quality.

[0006] The technical scheme is as follows: it includes a frame, a protective cover, a potato vine mixing conveying device and a potato vine vibration detaching device, wherein the frame is supported on the ground by ground wheels, and the front end facing the forward direction of the potato combine harvester is connected to the tractor through a traction frame, and vertical plates are extended upward on the left and right sides parallel to the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, and a protective cover is provided at the rear away from the traction frame of the potato combine harvester; the potato vine mixing conveying device includes a tensioning mechanism, a potato-soil conveying assembly and a potato vine conveying assembly, wherein the tensioning mechanism includes a tensioning assembly, a tensioning plate, a tensioning wheel, a rubber wheel and a tensioning spring, and the tensioning assembly includes a tensioning cross bar, a tensioning support arm, a tensioning wheel and a tensioning rocker arm, wherein one tensioning support arm is fixed at each end of the tensioning cross bar, and the two tensioning arms are located in the same plane, and the two tensioning arms are provided on the same plane. A tensioning wheel is hinged at each end of the support arm; a tensioning rocker arm is fixed at each end of the tensioning cross bar near the tensioning support arm, and the two tensioning rocker arms are located in the same plane, and the ends of the two tensioning assemblies are hinged on the upper middle part of the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame; a tensioning wheel is hinged at one end of the tensioning plate, and a rubber wheel is hinged at the other end, and another two rubber wheels are hinged between the tensioning wheel and the rubber wheel, and each rubber wheel and the tensioning wheel are located on the same side of the tensioning plate surface; the middle parts of the two tensioning plates are respectively hinged on the upper middle part of the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame, and the rubber wheel and the tensioning wheel are both facing inward, and the hinge point of the tensioning plate on the vertical plate of the frame is located in front of the forward direction of the potato combine harvester relative to the hinge point of the tensioning assembly; one end of the two tensioning springs is respectively hung on the hinge of the tensioning plate There is one end of a tensioning wheel, one end of two tensioning springs are respectively hung on the ends of two tensioning rocker arms of the tensioning assembly, and the tensioning wheel hinged at the end of the tensioning support arm is located on the side away from the tensioning plate; the potato and soil conveying assembly includes a potato and soil conveying driving wheel, a potato and soil conveying driving shaft, a potato and soil conveying drive, a reversing wheel, a rubber wheel, a tensioning wheel and a potato and soil conveying screen, and the three potato and soil conveying driving wheels are installed in the middle and both ends of the potato and soil conveying driving shaft, and the two ends of the potato and soil conveying driving shaft are respectively supported on the upper side of the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame, and the hinge point relative to the tensioning assembly is located at the rear of the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, and the protruding end of one end of the potato and soil conveying driving shaft after passing through the vertical plate of the frame is connected to the potato and soil conveying drive; the three reversing wheels are respectively installed on the first stage of the potato combine harvester The rear end of the potato-soil separation device; a group of multiple rubber wheels are respectively installed on the inner side panels of the left and right side vertical plates of the frame, and all the rubber wheels are located between the reversing wheel and the potato-soil conveying drive shaft; a group of multiple tensioning wheels are respectively installed on the inner side panels of the left and right side vertical plates of the frame, and all the tensioning wheels are located between the reversing wheel and the potato-soil conveying drive shaft; the potato-soil conveying screen includes potato-soil bars, potato-soil side belts, potato-stopping fingers and potato-soil middle belts, and the two ends of the multiple potato-soil bars are respectively fixed on two annular potato-soil side belts, and the multiple potato-soil bars are parallel to each other, and the distances between adjacent potato-soil bars are equal; potato-stopping fingers are extended from the outer sides of the two potato-soil side belts corresponding to each potato-soil bar, and the potato-stopping fingers located on the potato-soil bars are respectively located in the same plane and are all facing the outer side of the annular potato-soil side belt;The annular potato-soil middle belt is fixed in the middle of each potato-soil rod, the potato-soil conveying screen is hung on three potato-soil conveying driving wheels and three reversing wheels installed at the rear end of the first-stage potato-soil separation device of the potato combine harvester, the upper section of the potato-soil conveying screen is supported on multiple rubber wheels, and the lower section of the potato-soil conveying screen is tensioned by multiple tensioning wheels; the potato vine conveying assembly includes a potato vine conveying driving wheel, a potato vine conveying driving shaft, a potato vine conveying drive, a reversing roller, a rubber wheel, a tensioning wheel, a potato vine conveying screen, a screen pressing assembly, a material guide plate and a vine removing plate, wherein the three potato vine conveying driving wheels are installed in the middle and both ends of the potato vine conveying driving shaft, and the two ends of the potato vine conveying driving shaft are respectively supported on the upper side of the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame, and are located at the rear end of the forward direction of the potato combine harvester. The protruding end after one end of the shaft passes through the vertical plate of the frame is connected to the potato vine conveying drive; the reversing roller is installed at the rear end of the first-level potato-soil separation device of the potato combine harvester, and the reversing roller is located in front of the traction frame relative to the reversing wheel of the potato-soil conveying assembly; a group of multiple rubber wheels of the potato vine conveying assembly are respectively installed on the inner side panels of the vertical plates on the left and right sides of the frame, and the rubber wheels of the potato vine conveying assembly are located above the rubber wheels of the potato-soil conveying assembly, and the two tensioning wheels of the potato vine conveying assembly are respectively installed on the inner side panels of the vertical plates on the left and right sides of the frame, and the tensioning wheel of the potato vine conveying assembly is located below the tensioning wheel of the potato-soil conveying assembly; the annular potato vine conveying screen is provided with three driving belts along the width direction of the potato vine conveying screen, and the annular outer surface of the driving belt is along the annular node of the potato vine conveying screen A number of exciting protrusions are evenly arranged in the length direction of the line; a number of baffles are evenly arranged on the annular inner surface of the potato vine conveying screen along the length direction of the annular node line of the potato vine conveying screen, and the spacing between adjacent baffles is greater than the spacing between the potato-soil bars of the potato-soil conveying screen, and a number of vine hanging protrusions are arranged on the annular outer surface of the potato vine conveying screen corresponding to each baffle; the potato vine conveying screen is hung on 3 potato vine conveying driving wheels installed on the potato vine conveying driving shaft and on the reversing roller installed on the rear end of the first-level potato-soil separation device of the potato combine harvester, the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen is supported on the multiple rubber wheels of the potato vine conveying assembly, and the lower section of the potato vine conveying screen is supported on the 2 tensioning wheels of the potato vine conveying assembly; the pressing screen assembly includes a pressing screen wheel, a pressing screen rod and a scraper, wherein the pressing screen rod equipped with 3 pressing screen wheels has two ends respectively A screen pressing rod is located at a side away from the shield relative to the potato vine conveying drive shaft of the potato vine conveying assembly, and a scraper is provided at each screen pressing wheel; a guide plate is provided above the screen pressing assembly near the potato vine conveying drive shaft, and the guide plate surface is parallel to the axis of the potato vine conveying drive shaft, and the guide plate is arranged in an inclined state with the upper edge facing backward away from the forward direction of the potato combine harvester and the lower edge facing forward in the forward direction; a seedling-pulling plate is provided at the upper edge of the guide plate, and the seedling-pulling plate surface is parallel to the axis of the potato vine conveying drive shaft, and the guide plate is arranged in an inclined state with the upper edge facing forward towards the forward direction of the potato combine harvester and the lower edge facing backward away from the forward direction, and the lower edge of the seedling-pulling plate is pressed tightly against the annular inner surface of the potato vine conveying screen;The potato vine excitation desorption device comprises a potato vine desorption device I, a potato vine desorption device II, an adjustment component I, an adjustment component II and an exciting roller, wherein the potato vine desorption device I comprises a desorption rod, a desorption rocker arm I, a desorption middle plate, a desorption end plate, a desorption support arm, a paddle plate, a torsion spring, a desorption shaft and a desorption tension spring, wherein one end of the desorption rod is provided with a desorption rocker arm I, one corner of the triangular-shaped desorption middle plate extends outwards with a supporting protrusion I to both sides in a direction perpendicular to the plate surface, and another corner extends outwards with a mounting protrusion, and the desorption middle plate is fixed to the middle of the desorption rod by extending out the corner with the mounting protrusion; one corner of the triangular-shaped desorption end plate extends outwards with a supporting protrusion II to one side in a direction perpendicular to the plate surface, and the two desorption end plates are respectively fixed to the desorption rod by the corners that do not extend out the supporting protrusion II. At both ends of the rod, the supporting protrusions II of the two detachment end plates and the supporting protrusions I of the detachment middle plate face the same direction and are located in the same plane; one end of the two detachment support arms are respectively hinged on the two sides of the detachment middle plate close to the detachment rod, and the two detachment support arms are respectively supported on the supporting protrusions I extending to the two sides of the detachment middle plate; one end of another two detachment support arms are respectively hinged on the inner side of the two detachment end plates close to the detachment rod, and the two detachment support arms are respectively supported on the supporting protrusions II extending from the two detachment end plates; one end of a shifting plate is installed on the mounting protrusion of the detachment middle plate and clamped by a torsion spring, and one end of multiple shifting plates is evenly installed on the detachment shaft and clamped by a torsion spring; both ends of a detachment shaft equipped with multiple shifting plates are fixed on the two detachment support arms respectively hinged on the detachment middle plate and the detachment end plate On the frame, the ends of the two detachment arms away from the hinge points are respectively hung with a detachment tension spring, and the other ends of the two detachment tension springs are respectively hung on the corners of the detachment middle plate and the detachment end plate away from the detachment rod and not extending out of the supporting protrusions I and II; the two ends of another detachment shaft equipped with multiple paddles are fixed on the other two detachment arms respectively hinged to the detachment middle plate and the other detachment end plate, and the ends of the two detachment arms are respectively hung with a detachment tension spring, and the other ends of the two detachment tension springs are respectively hung on the corners of the detachment middle plate and the detachment end plate; the two ends of the detachment rod of a potato vine detachment device I are respectively supported on the middle parts of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame, and a paddle plate installed on the mounting protrusion of the detachment middle plate faces the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, and the end of the paddle plate away from the torsion spring faces downward , and the end of the paddle plate is lower than the top surface of the exciting protrusion of the upper section of the driving belt of the potato vine conveying screen of the potato vine conveying assembly of the potato vine mixing conveying device; the potato vine detaching device II comprises a detaching rod, a detaching rocker arm II, a detaching middle plate, a detaching end plate, a detaching support arm, a paddle plate, a torsion spring, a detaching shaft and a detaching tension spring, wherein the detaching rocker arm II is installed at one end of the detaching rod of the potato vine detaching device II, a detaching middle plate is fixed in the middle of the detaching rod of the potato vine detaching device II, and detaching end plates are fixed at both ends, and the supporting protrusions II of the two detaching end plates and the supporting protrusions I of the detaching middle plate face the same direction and are located in the same plane; one end of the two detaching support arms of the potato vine detaching device II are respectively hinged to the two sides of the detaching middle plate close to the detaching rod, and the two detaching support arms are respectively supported on the supporting protrusions I of the detaching middle plate;In addition, one end of two detachment arms is respectively hinged to the inner side of two detachment end plates of the potato vine detachment device II near the detachment rod, and the two detachment arms are respectively supported on the supporting protrusions II of the detachment end plates; one end of a paddle plate of the potato vine detachment device II is installed on the mounting protrusion of the detachment middle plate of the potato vine detachment device II and is clamped by a torsion spring, and one end of multiple paddle plates is evenly installed on the detachment shaft and is clamped by a torsion spring; both ends of the two detachment shafts of the potato vine detachment device II equipped with multiple paddle plates are fixed on the two detachment arms respectively hinged to the detachment middle plate and the detachment end plate, one end of the two detachment tension springs is respectively hung on the detachment arms, and the other end is respectively hung on the detachment middle plate and the detachment end plate; the two ends of the detachment rods of the four potato vine detachment devices II are respectively supported The rear ends of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame are supported, and the paddles installed on the mounting protrusions of the desorption middle plate face the forward direction of the potato harvester, and the planes where the paddle ends of the potato vine desorption device I and the paddle ends of the potato vine desorption device II are located are parallel to the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen of the potato vine conveying assembly of the potato vine mixing conveying device; the adjustment component I includes an adjustment arm I and an adjustment rod, wherein one end of the adjustment arm I is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm I of the potato vine desorption device I, and the other end is installed on the vertical plate of the frame through the adjustment rod; the adjustment component II includes an adjustment pull rod I, an adjustment pull rod II, an adjustment arm II and an adjustment rod, wherein one end of the adjustment pull rod I is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II of the potato vine desorption device II closest to the potato vine desorption device I The adjusting rod Ⅱ is hinged at one end to the end of the detaching rocker arm Ⅱ of the third potato vine detaching device Ⅱ from the nearest to the potato vine detaching device Ⅰ, and the other end of the adjusting rod Ⅰ and the detaching rocker arm Ⅱ are installed on the vertical plate of the frame through the adjusting rod of the adjusting component Ⅱ; one end of an adjusting arm Ⅱ is hinged at the end of the detaching rocker arm Ⅱ of the potato vine detaching device Ⅱ closest to the potato vine detaching device Ⅰ, and the other end is hinged at the end of the detaching rocker arm Ⅱ of the second potato vine detaching device Ⅱ from the nearest to the farthest from the potato vine detaching device Ⅰ; another one end of an adjusting arm Ⅱ is hinged at the end of the detaching rocker arm Ⅱ of the third potato vine detaching device Ⅱ from the nearest to the farthest from the potato vine detaching device Ⅰ, and the other end is hinged at the end of the detaching rocker arm Ⅱ of the potato vine detaching device Ⅱ farthest from the potato vine detaching device Ⅰ ; One exciting roller has its two ends supported on the middle of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame, and the exciting roller is located below the end of the paddle of the potato vine detaching device I and on the side away from the advancing direction of the potato combine harvester. The exciting roller is lower than the upper section of the driving belt of the potato vine conveying screen of the potato vine conveying assembly of the potato vine mixing conveying device, and higher than the lower edge of the baffle of the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen; the other four exciting rollers have their two ends supported on the rear ends of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame, and each exciting roller is located below the end of the paddle of the four potato vine detaching devices II and on the side away from the advancing direction of the potato combine harvester. The four exciting rollers and the one exciting roller located below the end of the paddle of the potato vine detaching device I are located in the same plane parallel to the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen. ;

[0007] Compared with the existing status in the art, the present invention is provided with a potato vine vibration desorption device. When the potato vines and weeds with a small amount of potatoes are hung on the potato vine conveying screen and run backward to the potato vine desorption device I and the potato vine desorption device II of the potato vine vibration desorption device, the excitation protrusion on the upper section of the driving belt of the potato vine conveying screen of the potato vine mixed conveying device pushes the end of the paddle plate installed on the mounting protrusion of the desorption middle plate backward, twists the torsion spring on the paddle plate and drives the desorption shaft and the paddle plate installed on the desorption shaft to swing, and the torsion spring elastic force is released after the excitation protrusion passes over the end of the paddle plate, and the paddle plate returns to its original position instantly under the action of the torsion spring elastic force, thereby generating an excitation force to remove the potatoes hanging on the potato vines, so the desorption efficiency is high; due to the potato vine vibration desorption A vibration roller is arranged below the end of the paddle installed on the desorption shaft of the device. When the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen moves backward and the baffle of the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen touches the vibration roller, the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen holding the potato vine is forced to partially form a "wave-shaped" bend, thereby limiting the movement of the potato pieces, potato vines and weeds hanging on the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen, and is therefore more conducive to the paddle to paddle off the potato pieces hanging on the potato vine; when the baffle passes over the vibration roller, the resistance exerted on the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen and the baffle is instantly released, thereby generating a secondary vibration force to remove the potatoes hanging on the potato vine, thereby further improving the desorption effect of the paddle; since the potato vine vibration desorption device is provided with adjustment components I and II, it can be adjusted for different potato types. The length of adjustment arm I of adjustment component I and adjustment component II can be selected according to varieties and different soil environments to adjust the inclination angle of each paddle, so it has good adaptability; because the potato vine conveying screen of the potato vine conveying component is mounted on the outside of the potato vine conveying screen of the potato-soil conveying component, the running speed of the potato vine conveying screen is greater than that of the potato-soil conveying screen, and the distance between adjacent baffles of the potato vine conveying screen is greater than that of adjacent bars of the potato-soil conveying screen, the potato-soil, stone, vine and miscellaneous mixture is gradually extracted from the potato-soil, stone, vine and miscellaneous mixture due to the pulling of the potato vine conveying screen as the potato vine conveying screen and the potato-soil conveying screen move toward the rear, so the potato vine and soil conveying separation effect is good; because the potato-soil conveying screen of the potato vine conveying component of the potato vine mixed conveying device A potato-blocking finger extends out from the outside of the potato-soil edge band corresponding to each potato-soil bar, thereby effectively avoiding damage to the potato tubers and the two side vertical plates of the frame due to friction, thereby improving the harvest quality of the potato tubers; since the potato vine conveying screen from the potato vine conveying component to the bottom, the potato vine and weed falling channel formed between the potato vine conveying screen and the protective cover is in a wedge shape that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, thereby completely preventing the occurrence of blockage in the falling process of the potato vine and weeds; after the picked potatoes and the torn and broken potato vines and weeds pass through the potato vine conveying screen, they are guided by the guide plate below and fall to the potato vine separation and conveying device subsequently arranged below, thereby effectively avoiding the rebound of potatoes, vines and weeds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1is an axonometric diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 The present invention Figure 1 An axonometric view of the potato vine mixing and conveying device of the illustrated embodiment; Figure 3 The present invention Figure 2 An axonometric view of the tensioning mechanism of the illustrated embodiment; Figure 4 The present invention Figure 3 an axonometric view of the tensioning assembly of the illustrated embodiment; Figure 5 The present invention Figure 2 An axonometric view of the potato and soil conveying assembly of the illustrated embodiment; Figure 6 The present invention Figure 5 Axonometric view of the potato and soil conveying screen of the illustrated embodiment; Figure 7 The present invention Figure 2 An axonometric view of the potato vine conveying assembly of the illustrated embodiment; Figure 8 The present invention Figure 7 Axonometric view of the potato vine conveying screen of the illustrated embodiment; Fig. 9 The present invention Figure 7 An axonometric view of the screen press assembly of the illustrated embodiment; Fig.10 The present invention Figure 1 Axonometric view of the potato vine vibration desorption device of the illustrated embodiment; Fig.11 The present invention Fig.10 Axonometric view of the potato vine desorption device I of the illustrated embodiment; Fig.12 The present invention Fig.11 Axonometric view of the desorption middle plate of the illustrated embodiment; Fig.13 The present invention Fig.11 Axonometric view of the desorption end plate of the illustrated embodiment; Fig.14 The present invention Fig.10 Axonometric view of the potato vine desorption device II of the illustrated embodiment; Fig.15 The present invention Fig.10 An axonometric view of the adjustment assembly I of the illustrated embodiment; Fig.16 The present invention Fig.10 Axonometric view of adjustment assembly II of the illustrated embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] 1. Frame 2. Shield 3. Potato vine mixed conveying device 31. Tensioning mechanism 311. Tensioning assembly 3111. Tensioning cross bar 3112. Tensioning arm 3113. Tensioning rocker arm 312. Tensioning plate 313. Tensioning wheel 314. Rubber wheel 315. Tensioning spring 32. Potato soil conveying assembly 321. Potato soil conveying driving wheel 322. Potato soil conveying driving shaft 323. Potato soil conveying driving 324. Reversing wheel 325. Potato soil conveying screen 3251. Potato soil rod 3252. Potato soil side belt 3253. Potato finger 3254. Potato soil belt 33, potato vine conveying assembly 331, potato vine conveying driving wheel 332, potato vine conveying driving shaft 333, potato vine conveying drive 334, reversing roller 335, potato vine conveying screen 3351, driving belt 3352, exciting protrusion 3353, baffle 3354, hanging vine protrusion 336, pressing screen assembly 3361, pressing screen wheel 3362, pressing screen rod 3363, scraper 337, guide plate 338, vine moving plate 4, potato vine exciting desorption device 41, potato vine desorption device I 411, desorption rod 412, desorption adjustment arm I 413, desorption middle plate 4131, supporting protrusion I 4132, mounting protrusion 414, desorption end plate 4141, supporting protrusion II 415, desorption support arm 416, dial plate 417, torsion spring 418, desorption shaft 419, desorption tension spring 42, potato vine desorption device II 421, desorption rocker arm II 43, adjustment component I 431, adjustment arm I 432, adjustment rod 44, adjustment component II 441, adjustment rod I 442, adjustment rod II 443, adjustment arm II 45, exciting roller.

[0010] exist Figure 1-Figure 16In the embodiment shown: the frame 1 is supported on the ground by ground wheels, the front end facing the forward direction of the potato combine harvester is connected to the tractor through a traction frame, vertical plates are extended upward on the left and right sides parallel to the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, and a protective cover 2 is provided at the rear away from the traction frame of the potato combine harvester. A tensioning arm 3112 is fixed at each end of the tensioning crossbar 3111 of the tensioning assembly 311 of the tensioning mechanism 31 of the potato vine mixing conveying device 3, and the two tensioning arms 3112 are located in the same plane, and a tensioning wheel 313 is hinged at each end of the two tensioning arms 3112; a tensioning rocker arm 3113 is fixed at each end of the tensioning crossbar 3111 near the tensioning arms 3112, and the two tensioning rocker arms 3113 are located in the same plane, and the ends of the two tensioning assemblies 311 are hinged to the upper middle part of the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame 1; a tensioning wheel 313 is hinged at one end of the tensioning plate 312, and a rubber wheel 314 is hinged at the other end, and another two rubber wheels 314 are hinged between the tensioning wheel 313 and the rubber wheel 314. , each rubber wheel 314 and tensioning wheel 313 are located on the same side of the tensioning plate 312; the middle parts of the two tensioning plates 312 are respectively hinged on the upper middle parts of the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame 1, the rubber wheels 314 and tensioning wheels 313 are both facing inward, and the hinge point of the tensioning plate 312 on the vertical plate of the frame 1 is located in front of the forward direction of the potato combine harvester relative to the hinge point of the tensioning assembly 311; one end of the two tensioning springs 315 are respectively hung on one end of the tensioning plate 312 where the tensioning wheel 313 is hinged, one end of the two tensioning springs 315 are respectively hung on the ends of the two tensioning rocker arms 3113 of the tensioning assembly 311, and the tensioning wheel 313 hinged at the end of the tensioning support arm 3112 is located on the side away from the tensioning plate 312. The three potato-soil conveying driving wheels 321 of the potato-soil conveying assembly 32 are installed at the middle and both ends of the potato-soil conveying driving shaft 322. The two ends of the potato-soil conveying driving shaft 322 are respectively supported above the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame 1, and are located at the rear of the forward direction of the potato combine harvester relative to the hinge point of the tensioning assembly 311. The extended end of the potato-soil conveying driving shaft 322 passes through the vertical plate of the frame 1 and is connected to the potato-soil conveying drive 323; the three reversing wheels 324 are respectively installed at the rear end of the first-level potato-soil separation device of the potato combine harvester; one group or multiple rubber wheels 314 are respectively installed on the inner side panels of the vertical plates on the left and right sides of the frame 1, and all the rubber wheels 314 are located between the reversing wheel 324 and the potato-soil conveying driving shaft 322; one group or four tensioning wheels 313 are respectively installed on the inner side panels of the vertical plates on the left and right sides of the frame 1, and all the tensioning wheels 313 are located between the reversing wheel 324 and the potato-soil conveying driving shaft 322.The two ends of the multiple potato-soil bars 3251 of the potato-soil conveying screen 325 are respectively fixed on two annular potato-soil side bands 3252, and the multiple potato-soil bars 3251 are parallel to each other, and the distances between adjacent potato-soil bars 3251 are equal; potato-stopping fingers 3253 extend from the outer sides of the two potato-soil side bands 3252 corresponding to each potato-soil bar 3251 to avoid damage between potato pieces and the two side vertical plates of the frame 1 due to friction, and the potato-stopping fingers 3253 located on the potato-soil bars 3251 are respectively located in the same plane and are all facing the annular The outside of the potato-soil side belt 3252; the annular potato-soil middle belt 3254 is fixed to the middle of each potato-soil rod 3251, the potato-soil conveying screen 325 is hung on three potato-soil conveying driving wheels 321 and three reversing wheels 324 installed at the rear end of the first-level potato-soil separation device of the potato combine harvester, the upper section of the potato-soil conveying screen 325 is supported on multiple rubber wheels 314, and the lower section of the potato-soil conveying screen 325 is tensioned by four tensioning wheels 313; in addition, the tensioning mechanism 31 also dynamically tensions the potato-soil conveying screen 325 by tensioning the tension spring 315 of the tensioning mechanism 31.The three potato vine conveying driving wheels 331 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33 are installed at the middle and both ends of the potato vine conveying driving shaft 332. The two ends of the potato vine conveying driving shaft 332 are respectively supported on the upper side of the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame 1 and are located at the rear end of the forward direction of the potato combine harvester. The extended end of one end of the potato vine conveying driving shaft 332 passes through the vertical plate of the frame 1 and is connected to the potato vine conveying drive 333; the reversing roller 334 is installed at the rear end of the first-level potato-soil separation device of the potato combine harvester, and the reversing roller 334 is located in front of the traction frame relative to the reversing wheel 324 of the potato-soil conveying assembly 32; a group of multiple rubber wheels 314 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33 are respectively installed on the inner side panels of the vertical plates on the left and right sides of the frame 1, and the potato vine conveying assembly The rubber wheel 314 of the potato-soil conveying assembly 33 is located above the rubber wheel 314 of the potato-soil conveying assembly 32; the two tensioning wheels 313 of the potato-soil conveying assembly 33 are respectively installed on the inner side panels of the left and right side vertical panels of the frame 1, and the tensioning wheel 313 of the potato-soil conveying assembly 32 is located below the tensioning wheel 313 of the potato-soil conveying assembly 32; the annular potato-soil conveying screen 335 is provided with three driving belts 3351 along the width direction of the potato-soil conveying screen 335, and the annular outer surface of the driving belt 3351 is evenly provided with a plurality of exciting protrusions 3352 along the length direction of the annular node line of the potato-soil conveying screen 335; the annular inner surface of the potato-soil conveying screen 335 is evenly provided with a plurality of baffles 3353 along the length direction of the annular node line of the potato-soil conveying screen 335, and the space between adjacent baffles 3353 is The spacing is greater than the spacing between the potato-soil bars 3251 of the potato-soil conveying screen 325, and the annular outer surface of the potato vine conveying screen 335 is provided with a plurality of vine hanging protrusions 3354 corresponding to each baffle 3353; the potato vine conveying screen 335 is hung on three potato vine conveying driving wheels 331 installed on the potato vine conveying driving shaft 332 and a reversing roller 334 installed on the rear end of the first-level potato-soil separation device of the potato combine harvester, the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen 335 is supported on the multiple rubber wheels 314 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33, and the lower section of the potato vine conveying screen 335 is supported on the two tensioning wheels 313 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33; the pressing screen assembly 336 is equipped with three pressing screen wheels 3361, and the two ends of the pressing screen rod 3362 are respectively supported on the rear ends of the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame 1 Below, the swing of the loose section of the potato vine conveying screen 335 is limited by the screen pressing wheel 3361, and at the same time, the loose section of the potato vine conveying screen 335 forms a long overhanging section at the rear of the potato vine conveying screen 335 away from the potato combine harvester, that is, near the shield 2, so that the potato vines hung on the potato vine conveying screen 335 can fall off; the screen pressing rod 3362 is located on the side away from the shield 2 relative to the potato vine conveying drive shaft 332 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33, so the potato vine and weed channel formed between the overhanging section of the potato vine conveying screen 335 and the shield 2 is wedge-shaped with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, so as to avoid blockage of the potato vines and weeds during the falling process; each screen pressing wheel 3361 is provided with a scraper 3363 to scrape off dirt and other debris adhering to the screen pressing wheel 3361.A guide plate 337 is provided above the pressing screen assembly 336 near the potato vine conveying drive shaft 332, and the surface of the guide plate 337 is parallel to the axis of the potato vine conveying drive shaft 332, and the guide plate 337 is arranged in an inclined state with the upper edge facing backward away from the forward direction of the potato harvester and the lower edge facing forward in the forward direction, so as to guide the picked potato nuggets and finely chopped potato vines to fall onto the potato vine separation and conveying device subsequently arranged below; a vine pushing plate 338 is provided at the upper edge of the guide plate 337, and the surface of the vine pushing plate 338 is parallel to the axis of the potato vine conveying drive shaft 332, and the guide plate 337 is arranged in an inclined state with the upper edge facing forward in the forward direction of the potato harvester and the lower edge facing backward away from the forward direction, and the lower edge of the vine pushing plate 338 is pressed against the annular inner surface of the potato vine conveying screen 335, so as to push off the longer potato vines hanging on the potato vine conveying screen 335. A desorption rocker arm Ⅰ412 is installed at one end of a desorption rod 411 of a potato vine desorption device Ⅰ41 of a potato vine excitation desorption device 4; a corner of a triangular-shaped desorption middle plate 413 extends outwardly to both sides in a direction perpendicular to the plate surface with a supporting protrusion Ⅰ4131, and another corner extends outwardly to a mounting protrusion 4132, and the desorption middle plate 413 is fixed to the middle of the desorption rod 411 by the corner extending outwardly with the mounting protrusion 4132; a corner of a triangular-shaped desorption end plate 414 extends outwardly to one side in a direction perpendicular to the plate surface with a supporting protrusion Ⅱ4141, and the two desorption end plates 414 are respectively fixed to the desorption end plate 414 by the corners that do not extend outwardly with the supporting protrusion Ⅱ4141 At both ends of the rod 411, the supporting protrusions II4141 of the two detachment end plates 414 and the supporting protrusions I4131 of the detachment middle plate 413 face the same direction and are located in the same plane; one end of two detachment support arms 415 are respectively hinged on both sides of the detachment middle plate 413 close to the detachment rod 411, and the two detachment support arms 415 are respectively supported on the supporting protrusions I4131 extending to both sides of the detachment middle plate 413; another two detachment support arms 415 are respectively hinged on the inner sides of the two detachment end plates 414 close to the detachment rod 411, and the two detachment support arms 415 are respectively supported on the supporting protrusions II4141 extending from the two detachment end plates 414.One end of a paddle plate 416 is mounted on the mounting protrusion 4132 of the desorption middle plate 413 and is clamped by a torsion spring 417. One end of the seven paddle plates 416 is evenly mounted on the desorption shaft 418 and is clamped by the torsion spring 417. Both ends of a desorption shaft 418 equipped with seven paddle plates 416 are fixed on two desorption arms 415 respectively hinged to the desorption middle plate 413 and the desorption end plate 414. One desorption tension spring 419 is hung on the ends of the two desorption arms 415 away from the hinge point. The other ends of the two desorption tension springs 419 are respectively hung on the corners of the desorption middle plate 413 and the desorption end plate 414 away from the desorption rod 411 and not extending out of the supporting protrusions I 4131 and II 4141. The two ends of another desorption shaft 418 equipped with seven paddle plates 416 are fixed on the hinge points respectively. Two other detachment arms 415 are connected to the detachment middle plate 413 and another detachment end plate 414, and a detachment tension spring 419 is hung on the end of the two detachment arms 415 respectively, and the other ends of the two detachment tension springs 419 are hung on the corners of the detachment middle plate 413 and the detachment end plate 414 respectively; the two ends of the detachment rod 411 of a potato vine detachment device Ⅰ41 are respectively supported on the middle part of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame 1, and a paddle plate 416 installed on the mounting protrusion 4132 of the detachment middle plate 413 faces the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, and the end of the paddle plate 416 away from the torsion spring 417 faces downward, and the end of the paddle plate 416 is lower than the top surface of the excitation protrusion 3352 of the upper section of the driving belt 3351 of the potato vine conveying screen 335 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33 of the potato vine mixing and conveying device 3. Therefore, when the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen 335 moves backward in the forward direction away from the potato combine harvester, the excitation protrusion 3352 of the upper section of the driving belt 3351 continuously pushes the end of the paddle plate 416 mounted on the mounting protrusion 4132 of the detaching middle plate 413 backward, thereby twisting the torsion spring 417 on the paddle plate 416 and driving the detaching shaft 418 and its paddle plate 416 to rotate around the detaching middle plate 413 and the detaching support arm 415. The detachment rod 411 swings; when the top surface of the exciting protrusion 3352 on the upper section of the driving belt 3351 of the potato vine conveying screen 335 passes over the end of the paddle 416, the elastic force of the torsion spring 417 is released, and the paddle 416 quickly returns to its original position under the elastic force of the torsion spring 417, and then the detachment middle plate 413, the detachment support arm 415, the detachment shaft 418 and the paddle 416 also quickly return to their original positions, thereby generating an exciting force to remove the potatoes hanging on the potato vines.The detachment rocker arm II421 of the potato vine detachment device II42 is installed at one end of the detachment rod 411 of the potato vine detachment device II42. A detachment middle plate 413 is fixed in the middle of the detachment rod 411 of the potato vine detachment device II42, and detachment end plates 414 are fixed at both ends. The supporting protrusions II4141 of the two detachment end plates 414 and the supporting protrusions I4131 of the detachment middle plate 413 face the same direction and are located in the same plane; the two pieces of the potato vine detachment device II42 One end of the detachment support arm 415 is hinged to the two sides of the detachment middle plate 413 close to the detachment rod 411, and the two detachment support arms 415 are respectively supported on the supporting protrusions Ⅰ4131 of the detachment middle plate 413; another two detachment support arms 415 are respectively hinged to the inner sides of the two detachment end plates 414 of the potato vine detachment device Ⅱ42 close to the detachment rod 411, and the two detachment support arms 415 are respectively supported on the supporting protrusions Ⅱ4141 of the detachment end plates 414. One end of the one-piece shift plate 416 of the potato vine detaching device II 42 is installed on the mounting protrusion 4132 of the detaching middle plate 413 of the potato vine detaching device II 42 and is clamped by a torsion spring 417. One end of the seven-piece shift plate 416 is evenly installed on the detaching shaft 418 and is clamped by a torsion spring 417; both ends of the two detaching shafts 418 equipped with seven-piece shift plates 416 of the potato vine detaching device II 42 are fixed on two detaching support arms 415 respectively hinged to the detaching middle plate 413 and the detaching end plate 414, and one end of the two detaching tension springs 419 is respectively hung on the detaching support arms 415, and the other ends are respectively hung on the detaching middle plate 413 and the detaching end plate 414. The two ends of the detaching rod 411 of the four potato vine detaching devices II 42 are respectively supported on the rear ends of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame 1, and the paddle plates 416 installed on the mounting protrusions 4132 of the detaching middle plate 413 face the forward direction of the potato harvester, and the planes where the ends of the paddle plates 416 of the potato vine detaching devices I 41 and the ends of the paddle plates 416 of the potato vine detaching devices II 42 are located are parallel to the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen 335 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33 of the potato vine mixing and conveying device 3; therefore, the paddle plates 416 of the potato vine detaching devices II 42 will also generate exciting force to remove potatoes hanging on the potato vines. One end of the adjustment arm Ⅰ431 of the adjustment component Ⅰ43 is hinged to the end of the detachment rocker arm Ⅰ412 of the potato vine detachment device Ⅰ41, and the other end is installed on the vertical plate of the frame 1 through the adjustment rod 432; therefore, by changing the length of the adjustment rod 432, the various paddles 416 on the potato vine detachment device Ⅰ41 can be driven to swing around the axis of the detachment rod 411 of the potato vine detachment device Ⅰ41, thereby adjusting the inclination angle of the paddle 416.One end of the adjusting rod Ⅰ441 of the adjusting assembly Ⅱ44 is hinged to the end of the detaching rocker arm Ⅱ421 of the potato vine detaching device Ⅱ42 closest to the potato vine detaching device Ⅰ41, and one end of the adjusting rod Ⅱ442 is hinged to the end of the detaching rocker arm Ⅱ421 of the third potato vine detaching device Ⅱ42 from the nearest to the potato vine detaching device Ⅰ41. The other ends of the adjusting rod Ⅰ441 and the adjusting rod Ⅱ442 are mounted on the vertical plate of the frame 1 through the adjusting rod 432 of the adjusting assembly Ⅱ44; one end of an adjusting arm Ⅱ443 is hinged to the end of the detaching rocker arm Ⅱ421 of the third potato vine detaching device Ⅱ42 from the nearest to the farthest from the potato vine detaching device Ⅰ41. The end of the detaching rocker arm II421 of the potato vine detaching device II42 closest to the potato vine detaching device I41 is hinged at the end of the detaching rocker arm II421 of the second potato vine detaching device II42 from the closest to the potato vine detaching device I41; another adjustment arm II443 is hinged at one end to the end of the detaching rocker arm II421 of the third potato vine detaching device II42 from the closest to the potato vine detaching device I41, and the other end is hinged at the end of the detaching rocker arm II421 of the potato vine detaching device II42 farthest from the potato vine detaching device I41. Therefore, by changing the length of the adjustment rod 432, the various paddles 416 on the various potato vine detaching devices II42 can be driven to swing around the axis of the detaching rod 411 of the various potato vine detaching devices II42 by adjusting the pull rod I441, adjusting the pull rod II442 and adjusting the arm II443, thereby changing the inclination angle of the paddle 416. The two ends of one exciting roller 45 are respectively supported on the middle of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame 1, and the exciting roller 45 is located below the end of the paddle 416 of the potato vine detaching device I 41, on the side away from the forward direction of the potato harvester, and the exciting roller 45 is lower than the upper section of the driving belt 3351 of the potato vine conveying screen 335 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33 of the potato vine mixing conveying device 3, and higher than the lower edge of the baffle 3353 of the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen 335; the two ends of four other exciting rollers 45 are respectively supported on the rear ends of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame 1, and each exciting roller 45 is located below the end of the paddle 416 of the four potato vine detaching devices II 42, on the side away from the forward direction of the potato harvester, and the four exciting rollers 45 and the one exciting roller 45 located below the end of the paddle 416 of the potato vine detaching device I 41 are located in the same plane parallel to the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen 335. Therefore, when the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen 335 moves backward in the forward direction away from the potato combine harvester, the baffle plate 3353 of the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen 335 contacts the exciting roller 45, which will force the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen 335 to partially form a "wave-shaped" bend, thereby facilitating the upper paddle 416 to pry off the potato pieces hanging on the potato vines; when the baffle plate 3353 of the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen 335 passes over the exciting roller 45, the resistance exerted on the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen 335 and the baffle plate 3353 is released, thereby generating an exciting force to further remove the potatoes hanging on the potato vines.

[0011] Its working principle is: the potato vine vibration desorption and separation mechanism of the intelligent potato combine harvester is installed behind the first-level potato-soil separation device of the potato combine harvester through a frame, and is supported on the ground through ground wheels; the potato-soil conveying drive and the potato vine conveying drive are started.

[0012] During the harvesting operation, the mixture of potatoes, soil, stones, vines, and miscellaneous materials excavated by the potato harvester with the digging shovel is initially separated by the primary potato-soil separation device at the front end of the potato harvester and then falls to the front end of the potato vine conveying screen of the potato vine conveying assembly and the potato-soil conveying screen of the potato vine conveying assembly of the potato vine mixed conveying device facing the forward direction of the potato harvester, and then follows the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen and the upper section of the potato-soil conveying screen to run toward the rear and upward. Since the potato vine conveying drive shaft of the potato vine conveying assembly of the potato vine mixed conveying device is supported at the rear end of the frame, and the reversing roller is located in front of the reversing wheel of the potato-soil conveying assembly, that is, the potato vine conveying screen is sleeved on the outside of the potato-soil conveying screen of the potato-soil conveying assembly, the running speed of the potato vine conveying screen is greater than that of the potato-soil conveying screen, and the spacing between adjacent baffles of the potato vine conveying screen is greater than the spacing between adjacent bars of the potato-soil conveying screen. Therefore, as the potato vine and soil conveying screen and the potato vine and soil conveying screen move toward the rear, the potato vine and weeds are gradually extracted from the potato vine and soil conveying screen due to the pulling of the potato vine and soil conveying screen, and are hung on the potato vine and soil conveying screen and continue to move toward the rear of the forward direction of the potato combine harvester; potatoes, crushed soil, crushed stones and crushed vines pass through the gaps between the baffles of the potato vine and soil conveying screen and fall onto the potato vine and soil conveying screen, and then the crushed soil, crushed stones and crushed vines gradually pass through the gaps between the bars of the potato vine and soil conveying screen and fall to the ground.

[0013] However, the potato vines and weeds hung on the potato vine conveying screen are often accompanied by or mixed with a small amount of potatoes. When these potato vines and weeds with a small amount of potatoes run along the potato vine conveying screen to the bottom of the potato vine detaching device I and the potato vine detaching device II of the potato vine vibration detaching device, since the ends of the paddles installed on the mounting protrusions of the detaching middle plate of the potato vine detaching device I and the potato vine detaching device II are facing downward, and the ends of the paddles are lower than the top surface of the vibration protrusions of the upper section of the driving belt of the potato vine conveying screen of the potato vine conveying assembly of the potato vine mixing conveying device, the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen runs toward the rear away from the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, and the vibration protrusions of the upper section of the driving belt continuously push the mounting protrusions of the mounting protrusions of the mounting protrusions of the mounting protrusions of the mounting protrusions of the mounting protrusions. The end of the paddle plate installed on the mounting protrusion of the desorption middle plate is pushed backward, and then the torsion spring on the paddle plate is twisted, and then the desorption shaft and the paddle plate installed on the desorption shaft are driven to swing around the desorption rod through the desorption middle plate and the desorption support arm; when the top surface of the exciting protrusion of the upper section of the driving belt of the potato vine conveying screen passes over the end of the paddle plate, the elastic force of the torsion spring is released, and the paddle plate returns to its position instantly under the action of the elastic force of the torsion spring, and then the desorption middle plate, the desorption support arm, the desorption shaft and the paddle plate are driven to return to their positions quickly to generate an exciting force, thereby removing the potatoes hanging on the potato vines; by changing the length of the adjustment arm I of the adjustment component I and the adjustment component II, the inclination angle of each paddle plate can be adjusted to adapt to different potato varieties and different soil environments. At the same time, since there are exciting rollers under the end of the paddles of the potato vine detaching device I and the potato vine detaching device II, when the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen moves backward, when the baffle of the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen touches the exciting roller, the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen is forced to form a "wave-shaped" bend locally, which is more conducive to the paddle to pry off the potato pieces hanging on the potato vine; when the baffle of the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen passes over the exciting roller, the resistance of the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen and the baffle is instantly released, thereby generating exciting force to further remove the potatoes hanging on the potato vine. After the removed potatoes and the shredded and broken potato vines and weeds pass through the potato vine conveying screen, they are guided by the guide plate located below and fall to the potato vine separation and conveying device arranged below, while the cleanly separated and relatively long potato vines and weeds continue to run backward with the potato vine conveying screen.

[0014] When the potato vines and weeds hanging on the potato vine conveying screen continue to move backwards over the potato vine conveying assembly of the potato vine excitation and desorption device and then change direction to move downward, a relatively long overhanging section is set at the rear of the potato vine conveying screen near the shield. Most of the potato vines and weeds fall from the overhanging section of the potato vine conveying screen due to the change of direction, and fall to the ground from the vine passage between the overhanging section of the potato vine conveying screen and the shield. Since a vine-pulling plate is provided above the pressing assembly, and the lower edge of the vine-pulling plate is pressed against the annular inner surface of the potato vine conveying screen, a small amount of potato vines and weeds still hanging on the potato vine conveying screen will be pushed off by the vine-pulling plate when they pass through the vine-pulling plate.

[0015] Since the screen pressing assembly is located on the side away from the shield relative to the potato vine conveying assembly, the potato vine and weed passage formed between the overhanging section of the potato vine conveying screen and the shield is in a wedge shape that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, thus effectively avoiding blockage caused by potato vines and weeds during the falling process. In addition, scrapers are provided at each screen pressing wheel of the clamping assembly to scrape off dirt and other debris adhering to the screen pressing wheel to ensure the normal operation of the potato vine mixing and conveying device.

Claims

1. An intelligent potato vine vibrating and desorption separation mechanism for a potato combine harvester, comprising a frame (1), a protective cover (2), a potato vine mixing and conveying device (3) and a potato vine vibrating and desorption device (4), wherein the frame (1) is supported on the ground through ground wheels, the front end of the frame facing the forward direction of the potato combine harvester is connected to the tractor through a traction frame, vertical plates are extended upward on the left and right sides parallel to the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, and a protective cover (2) is provided at the rear away from the traction frame of the potato combine harvester; the frame is characterized in that: The potato vine mixed conveying device (3) comprises a tensioning mechanism (31), a potato-soil conveying assembly (32) and a potato vine conveying assembly (33), wherein the tensioning mechanism (31) comprises a tensioning assembly (311), a tensioning plate (312), a tensioning wheel (313), a rubber wheel (314) and a tensioning spring (315), and the tensioning assembly (311) comprises a tensioning cross bar (3111), a tensioning support arm (3112), a tensioning wheel (313) and a tensioning rocker arm (3113), wherein a tensioning support arm (3112) is fixed at each end of the tensioning cross bar (3111), and the two tensioning support arms (3112) are located in the same plane, and the ends of the two tensioning support arms (3112) are each hinged to a tensioning wheel (313); A tensioning rocker arm (3113) is fixed at each end of the tensioning support arm (3112), and the two tensioning rocker arms (3113) are located in the same plane. The ends of the two tensioning assemblies (311) are hinged to the middle of the vertical plates extending upward from the left and right sides of the frame (1). A tensioning wheel (313) is hinged to one end of the tensioning plate (312), and a rubber wheel (314) is hinged to the other end. Another two rubber wheels (314) are hinged between the tensioning wheel (313) and the rubber wheel (314). Each rubber wheel (314) and the tensioning wheel (313) are located on the same side of the tensioning plate (312). The middle parts of the two tensioning plates (312) are respectively hinged to the middle of the vertical plates extending upward from the left and right sides of the frame (1). The rubber wheel (314) and the tension wheel (313) are both facing inward, and the hinge point of the tension plate (312) on the vertical plate of the frame (1) is located in front of the forward direction of the potato combine harvester relative to the hinge point of the tension assembly (311); one end of two tension springs (315) are respectively hung on one end of the tension plate (312) hinged with the tension wheel (313), one end of the two tension springs (315) are respectively hung on the ends of two tension rocker arms (3113) of the tension assembly (311), and the tension wheel (313) hinged on the end of the tension support arm (3112) is located on the side away from the tension plate (312); the potato soil conveying assembly (32) comprises a potato soil conveying drive wheel (321), a potato soil conveying drive shaft (32 2), a potato-soil conveying drive (323), a reversing wheel (324), a rubber wheel (314), a tensioning wheel (313) and a potato-soil conveying screen (325), wherein the three potato-soil conveying drive wheels (321) are mounted at the middle and both ends of a potato-soil conveying drive shaft (322), the two ends of the potato-soil conveying drive shaft (322) are respectively supported above the vertical plates extending upwardly on the left and right sides of the frame (1), and the hinge point relative to the tensioning assembly (311) is located at the rear of the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, and one end of the potato-soil conveying drive shaft (322) passes through the protruding end behind the vertical plate of the frame (1) and is connected to the potato-soil conveying drive (323); the three reversing wheels (324) are respectively mounted at the rear end of the primary potato-soil separation device of the potato combine harvester;A group or multiple rubber wheels (314) are respectively mounted on the inner side panels of the left and right side vertical plates of the frame (1), and all the rubber wheels (314) are located between the reversing wheel (324) and the potato soil conveying drive shaft (322); a group or multiple tensioning wheels (313) are respectively mounted on the inner side panels of the left and right side vertical plates of the frame (1), and all the tensioning wheels (313) are located between the reversing wheel (324) and the potato soil conveying drive shaft (322); the potato soil conveying screen (325) comprises potato soil bars (3251), potato soil side strips (3252), potato stop fingers (3253) and a potato soil middle strip (3254); the multiple potato soil bars (3251) The two ends are respectively fixed on two annular potato-soil side bands (3252); the plurality of potato-soil rods (3251) are parallel to each other, and the distances between adjacent potato-soil rods (3251) are equal; potato-blocking fingers (3253) are extended from the outside of the two potato-soil side bands (3252) corresponding to each potato-soil rod (3251); the potato-blocking fingers (3253) located on the potato-soil rod (3251) are respectively located in the same plane and are all facing the outside of the annular potato-soil side bands (3252); the annular potato-soil middle band (3254) is fixed on the middle of each potato-soil rod (3251); the potato-soil conveying screen (325) is hung on the three potato-soil conveying driving wheels (321) and three reversing wheels (324) installed at the rear end of the primary potato-soil separation device of the potato combine harvester, the upper section of the potato-soil conveying screen (325) is supported on multiple rubber wheels (314), and the lower section of the potato-soil conveying screen (325) is tensioned by multiple tensioning wheels (313); the potato vine conveying assembly (33) includes a potato vine conveying drive wheel (331), a potato vine conveying drive shaft (332), a potato vine conveying drive (333), a reversing roller (334), a rubber wheel (314), a tensioning wheel (313), a potato vine conveying screen (335), a screen pressing assembly (336), a material guide plate (337) and a vine-moving plate (338), wherein Three potato vine conveying drive wheels (331) are mounted at the middle and both ends of a potato vine conveying drive shaft (332); both ends of the potato vine conveying drive shaft (332) are respectively supported above the vertical plates extending upwardly on the left and right sides of the frame (1) and are located at the rearmost of the potato harvester in the forward direction; one end of the potato vine conveying drive shaft (332) passes through the extended end behind the vertical plates of the frame (1) and is connected to the potato vine conveying drive (333); a reversing roller (334) is mounted at the rear end of the primary potato-soil separation device of the potato harvester, and the reversing roller (334) is located in front of the traction frame relative to the reversing wheel (324) of the potato-soil conveying assembly (32);A group of multiple rubber wheels (314) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33) are respectively mounted on the inner side panels of the left and right side vertical plates of the frame (1), and the rubber wheels (314) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33) are located above the rubber wheels (314) of the potato soil conveying assembly (32); two tensioning wheels (313) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33) are respectively mounted on the inner side panels of the left and right side vertical plates of the frame (1), and the tensioning wheels (313) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33) are located below the tensioning wheels (313) of the potato soil conveying assembly (32); an annular potato vine conveying screen (335) is provided with three driving belts (3351) along the width direction of the potato vine conveying screen (335), and the annular outer surface of the driving belts (3351) is arranged along the potato vine conveying screen (335). A plurality of excitation protrusions (3352) are evenly arranged along the length direction of the annular node line of the potato vine conveying screen (35); a plurality of baffles (3353) are evenly arranged along the length direction of the annular node line of the potato vine conveying screen (335), and the spacing between adjacent baffles (3353) is greater than the spacing between potato-soil bars (3251) of the potato-soil conveying screen (325); a plurality of hanging protrusions (3354) are arranged on the annular outer surface of the potato vine conveying screen (335) corresponding to each baffle (3353); the potato vine conveying screen (335) is hung on three potato vine conveying driving wheels (331) installed on the potato vine conveying driving shaft (332) and a reversing roller (334) installed on the rear end of the primary potato-soil separation device of the potato combine harvester. The upper section of the potato vine conveying screen (335) is supported on multiple rubber wheels (314) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33), and the lower section of the potato vine conveying screen (335) is supported on two tensioning wheels (313) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33); the screen pressing assembly (336) comprises a screen pressing wheel (3361), a screen pressing rod (3362) and a scraper (3363), wherein the two ends of the screen pressing rod (3362) equipped with the three screen pressing wheels (3361) are respectively supported below the rear ends of the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame (1), and the screen pressing rod (3362) is located on the side away from the protective cover (2) relative to the potato vine conveying drive shaft (332) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33), and each screen pressing wheel (3361) is provided with a scraper (3363); the screen pressing assembly A guide plate (337) is provided above the member (336) near the potato vine conveying drive shaft (332), and the surface of the guide plate (337) is parallel to the axis of the potato vine conveying drive shaft (332), and the guide plate (337) is arranged in an inclined state with the upper edge facing backward away from the advancing direction of the potato combine harvester and the lower edge facing forward in the advancing direction; a seedling-pulling plate (338) is provided at the upper edge of the guide plate (337), and the surface of the seedling-pulling plate (338) is parallel to the axis of the potato vine conveying drive shaft (332), and the guide plate (337) is arranged in an inclined state with the upper edge facing forward in the advancing direction of the potato combine harvester and the lower edge facing backward away from the advancing direction, and the lower edge of the seedling-pulling plate (338) is pressed tightly against the annular inner surface of the potato vine conveying screen (335);The potato vine excitation desorption device (4) comprises a potato vine desorption device I (41), a potato vine desorption device II (42), an adjustment component I (43), an adjustment component II (44) and an excitation roller (45), wherein the potato vine desorption device I (41) comprises a desorption rod (411), a desorption rocker arm I (412), a desorption middle plate (413), a desorption end plate (414), a desorption support arm (415), a paddle plate (416), a torsion spring (417), a desorption shaft (418) and a desorption tension spring (419), wherein one end of the desorption rod (411) is provided with a desorption rocker arm I (412), and one corner of the triangular-shaped desorption middle plate (413) is directed in a direction perpendicular to the plate surface. A supporting protrusion I (4131) extends from both sides, and a mounting protrusion (4132) extends from another corner. The desorption middle plate (413) is fixed to the middle of the desorption rod (411) through the corner extending from the mounting protrusion (4132); a supporting protrusion II (4141) extends from one corner of the triangular desorption end plate (414) toward one side in a direction perpendicular to the plate surface, and the two desorption end plates (414) are respectively fixed to the two ends of the desorption rod (411) through the corners that do not extend the supporting protrusion II (4141). The supporting protrusions II (4141) of the two desorption end plates (414) and the supporting protrusion I (4131) of the desorption middle plate (413) face the same direction and are located at the same position. One end of two desorption arms (415) are respectively hinged to the two sides of the desorption middle plate (413) near the desorption rod (411), and the two desorption arms (415) are respectively supported on the supporting protrusions I (4131) extending to the two sides of the desorption middle plate (413); one end of another two desorption arms (415) are respectively hinged to the inner side of two desorption end plates (414) near the desorption rod (411), and the two desorption arms (415) are respectively supported on the supporting protrusions II (4141) extending from the two desorption end plates (414); one end of a shifting plate (416) is installed on the installation protrusion (4132) of the desorption middle plate (413), and is supported by a torsion spring (41 7) clamping, one end of the multiple-piece shifting plate (416) is evenly mounted on the desorption shaft (418) and clamped by a torsion spring (417); both ends of a desorption shaft (418) equipped with multiple shifting plates (416) are fixed on two desorption arms (415) respectively hinged to the desorption middle plate (413) and the desorption end plate (414); the ends of the two desorption arms (415) away from the hinge point are respectively hung with a desorption tension spring (419); the other ends of the two desorption tension springs (419) are respectively hung on the corners of the desorption middle plate (413) and the desorption end plate (414) away from the desorption rod (411) and not extending out of the support protrusion I (4131) and the support protrusion II (4141);Another detaching shaft (418) equipped with multiple shifting plates (416) has its two ends fixed on two other detaching arms (415) respectively hinged on the detaching middle plate (413) and another detaching end plate (414); a detaching tension spring (419) is hung on the end of each of the two detaching arms (415); the other ends of the two detaching tension springs (419) are respectively hung on the corners of the detaching middle plate (413) and the detaching end plate (414); a detaching rod (411) of a potato vine detaching device I (41) has its two ends respectively supported on the middle of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame (1); and a shifting plate (416) mounted on the mounting protrusion (4132) of the detaching middle plate (413) is mounted on the mounting protrusion (4133) of the detaching middle plate (413). 6) Towards the advancing direction of the potato combine harvester, one end of the paddle plate (416) away from the torsion spring (417) is downwardly directed, and the end of the paddle plate (416) is lower than the top surface of the excitation protrusion (3352) of the upper section of the driving belt (3351) of the potato vine conveying screen (335) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33) of the potato vine mixing conveying device (3); the potato vine detaching device II (42) comprises a detaching rod (411), a detaching rocker arm II (421), a detaching middle plate (413), a detaching end plate (414), a detaching support arm (415), a paddle plate (416), a torsion spring (417), a detaching shaft (418) and a detaching tension spring (419), wherein the detaching rocker arm II (421) The device is installed at one end of a detaching rod (411) of a potato vine detaching device II (42); a detaching middle plate (413) is fixed in the middle of the detaching rod (411) of the potato vine detaching device II (42); and detaching end plates (414) are fixed at both ends; the supporting protrusions II (4141) of the two detaching end plates (414) and the supporting protrusions I (4131) of the detaching middle plate (413) face the same direction and are located in the same plane; one end of two detaching support arms (415) of the potato vine detaching device II (42) are respectively hinged to the two sides of the detaching middle plate (413) near the detaching rod (411); the two detaching support arms (415) are respectively supported on the supporting protrusions of the detaching middle plate (413) and the supporting protrusions II (4141) of the two detaching end plates (414) face the same direction and are located in the same plane; The potato vine detaching device (42) is provided with a plurality of detaching support arms (415) having one end each hinged to the inner side of two detaching end plates (414) of the potato vine detaching device (42) near the detaching rod (411), and the two detaching support arms (415) are supported on the supporting protrusions II (4141) of the detaching end plates (414) respectively; one end of a shifting plate (416) of the potato vine detaching device (42) is mounted on the mounting protrusion (4132) of the detaching middle plate (413) of the potato vine detaching device (42) and is clamped by a torsion spring (417); one end of a plurality of shifting plates (416) is evenly mounted on the detaching shaft (418) and is clamped by a torsion spring (417);The two detaching shafts (418) of the potato vine detaching device II (42) equipped with multiple shifting plates (416) are fixed at both ends on two detaching arms (415) respectively hinged to the detaching middle plate (413) and the detaching end plate (414); one end of two detaching tension springs (419) is respectively hung on the detaching arms (415) and the other end is respectively hung on the detaching middle plate (413) and the detaching end plate (414); the two ends of the detaching rods (411) of the four potato vine detaching devices II (42) are respectively supported on the rear ends of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame (1); the shifting plates (416) installed on the mounting protrusions (4132) of the detaching middle plate (413) are directed toward The forward direction of the potato harvester and the plane where the ends of the paddle (416) of the potato vine detaching device I (41) and the paddle (416) of the potato vine detaching device II (42) are located are parallel to the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen (335) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33) of the potato vine mixing conveying device (3); the adjustment assembly I (43) includes an adjustment arm I (431) and an adjustment rod (432), wherein one end of the adjustment arm I (431) is hinged to the end of the detaching rocker arm I (412) of the potato vine detaching device I (41), and the other end is mounted on the vertical plate of the frame (1) through the adjustment rod (432); the adjustment assembly II (44) includes an adjustment pull rod Ⅰ (441), an adjustment rod Ⅱ (442), an adjustment arm Ⅱ (443) and an adjustment rod (432), wherein one end of the adjustment rod Ⅰ (441) is hinged to the end of the detachment rocker arm Ⅱ (421) of the potato vine detachment device Ⅱ (42) closest to the potato vine detachment device Ⅰ (41), one end of the adjustment rod Ⅱ (442) is hinged to the end of the detachment rocker arm Ⅱ (421) of the third potato vine detachment device Ⅱ (42) from the closest to the potato vine detachment device Ⅰ (41), and the other ends of the adjustment rod Ⅰ (441) and the detachment rocker arm Ⅱ (421) are mounted on the vertical plate of the frame (1) through the adjustment rod (432) of the adjustment assembly Ⅱ (44); 1 One end of an adjusting arm II (443) is hinged to the end of a detaching rocker arm II (421) of a potato vine detaching device II (42) closest to the potato vine detaching device I (41), and the other end is hinged to the end of a detaching rocker arm II (421) of a second potato vine detaching device II (42) located from the nearest to the potato vine detaching device I (41); one end of another adjusting arm II (443) is hinged to the end of a detaching rocker arm II (421) of a third potato vine detaching device II (42) located from the nearest to the potato vine detaching device I (41), and the other end is hinged to the end of a detaching rocker arm II (421) of a potato vine detaching device II (42) farthest from the potato vine detaching device I (41); The two ends of an exciting roller (45) are respectively supported on the middle of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame (1), and the exciting roller (45) is located below the end of the paddle (416) of the potato vine detaching device I (41) and on the side away from the advancing direction of the potato combine harvester, and the exciting roller (45) is lower than the upper section of the driving belt (3351) of the potato vine conveying screen (335) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33) of the potato vine mixing conveying device (3) and is higher than the baffle (3353) of the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen (335). ) lower edge; the other four exciting rollers (45) are supported at both ends on the rear ends of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame (1), and each exciting roller (45) is located below the ends of the paddles (416) of the four potato vine detaching devices II (42) and on the side away from the forward direction of the potato harvester, and the four exciting rollers (45) and the one exciting roller (45) located below the ends of the paddles (416) of the potato vine detaching devices I (41) are located in the same plane parallel to the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen (335).

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