Semi-soilless culture planting method for increasing cucumber yield

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cucumber planting, and discloses a semi-soilless culture planting method for improving cucumber yield, which comprises the following steps: leveling land, ridging according to a set ditch spacing, filling a culture medium in the middle of the ridge base of each ridge, covering soil around the culture medium, and not laying any isolation equipment between the culture medium and the soil, two drip irrigation belts are laid on each ridge for irrigation of water and fertilizer nutrition; performing field planting on the cucumbers according to set weather and temperature in a field planting mode of punching and field planting on the furrows according to set plant spacing, performing field planting on each furrow in two rows, and enabling a nutrition lump surface to be flush with a furrow surface in field planting depth; and performing field management according to a soilless culture management mode, wherein the field management comprises fertilization scheme management, water and fertilizer management and temperature and humidity management. According to the semi-soilless culture planting method for increasing the cucumber yield, the technical problems that in the prior art, the soil continuous cropping obstacle problem is prominent, the development of the facility vegetable industry is restricted, and soilless culture vegetables are high in investment, low in replication rate and low in acceptable degree are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cucumber planting, and in particular to a semi-soilless cultivation method for improving cucumber yield. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous development of facility production, unreasonable annual rotation and water and fertilizer management have caused many problems such as deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, increase of soil-borne diseases, obvious obstacles to continuous cropping, and reduced vegetable yield and quality. These have seriously affected the sustainable development of facility agriculture and made it increasingly difficult to increase agricultural efficiency and farmers' income.

[0003] Soilless cultivation is a new type of cultivation method developed in facility cultivation to overcome factors such as secondary soil salinization and soil-borne diseases, and has been widely used in vegetables. Semi-soilless cultivation is an improvement on soilless cultivation, combining the advantages of soil cultivation and soilless cultivation. It is a new type of cultivation mode with high yield, simple operation, low investment and wide adaptability.

[0004] At present, the research on facility soilless cultivation technology is mainly focused on at home and abroad, mainly including innovations in cultivation substrates, water-fertilizer nutrition integration, facilities and equipment, etc. There are few studies on semi-soilless cultivation technology. The relevant domestic research mainly includes "Application technology of underground semi-soilless cultivation mode", "Cultivation technology of second crop of netted melon in facility semi-soilless planting", "Effects of different cultivation modes on the growth of leaf-eating grass and general chicory", "Key points of semi-soilless cultivation technology of potato virus-free original seed in solar greenhouse". The semi-soilless cultivation technology used is highly similar. The original ground is leveled and compacted, and trenches are dug under the soil to form cultivation troughs. The cultivation substrate is separated from the soil at the bottom of the cultivation trough by isolation nets, and the substrate is filled in the trenches flush with the ground. Drip irrigation belts are laid, and fertilizer irrigation is carried out through a fertilizer applicator. This technology is a simplified soilless cultivation mode of soilless cultivation technology. The land is prepared once, and there is no need for rotary tillage for subsequent planting. The substrate can be used multiple times and the plants grow vigorously.

[0005] Problems with semi-soilless cultivation technology:

[0006] (1) The long-term application of the cultivation mode of digging trenches underground to form planting troughs will cause the land around the planting troughs to become compacted, and the land resources cannot be fully utilized.

[0007] (2) This technology also requires the design of a ditch for the excess nutrient solution to flow out, which increases costs.

[0008] (3) Generally, the useful life of the filled substrate is two years. When the cultivation substrate is replaced, the substrate needs to be cleaned out and filled with new substrate. This will increase the input of material and manpower, and the cleaned substrate has no soil for processing, which will cause a waste of resources. Summary of the invention

[0009] The present invention provides a semi-soilless cultivation method for improving cucumber yield, which solves the technical problems in the prior art of prominent soil continuous cropping obstacles, restricting the development of the facility vegetable industry, high investment in soilless cultivation of vegetables, low replication rate and low acceptability.

[0010] The present invention provides a semi-soilless cultivation method for increasing cucumber yield, comprising:

[0011] S1. Level the land, build ridges according to the set furrow spacing, fill the middle of the ridge base with a cultivation matrix, cover the cultivation matrix with soil, and do not lay any isolation equipment between the cultivation matrix and the soil. Lay two drip irrigation belts on each ridge for irrigation of water, fertilizer and nutrition;

[0012] S2. Planting cucumbers according to the set weather and temperature. The planting method is to drill holes on the bed according to the set plant spacing, plant two rows per bed, and the planting depth is such that the surface of the nutrient heap is level with the surface of the bed;

[0013] S3. Carry out field management according to the soilless cultivation management model, including fertilization scheme management, water and fertilizer management, and temperature and humidity management; among which,

[0014] In the fertilization scheme, nutrient solutions A and B containing different nutrient elements are applied alternately according to the different planting rotations of cucumbers and the fertilizer requirements at different periods, and the nutrient solutions for winter and spring crops and autumn and winter crops are adjusted as the temperature changes;

[0015] In the water and fertilizer management, different irrigation methods are set according to winter and spring crops and autumn and winter crops;

[0016] The temperature and humidity management is to adjust the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse according to the different growth stages of the cucumbers.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S1, the trench spacing is set to 70 cm;

[0018] The width of the base of each ridge is 70 cm, and the middle of each ridge is filled with 20 cm wide and 20 cm high self-owned cultivation substrate or purchased soilless cultivation substrate, and the cultivation substrate is covered with 5-10 cm thick soil;

[0019] The formed ridge base is 70cm wide, the ridge surface is 40cm wide, the ridge height is 25cm, and the ridge base is flush with the ground; among them, the ridge surface part is filled with a soil layer of 20cm + about 10cm of the cultivation medium, and the ridge height part is filled with a soil layer of 20cm + 5cm of the cultivation medium.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S2, the weather is set as follows: cucumbers are planted between 8:00 and 12:00 in the morning when the weather is clear;

[0021] The set temperature is: the temperature in the greenhouse is stable at above 12℃ within 5 days before planting, and the temperature of the cultivation medium is not lower than 10℃;

[0022] The set plant spacing is 30cm, and the row spacing between the two rows of cucumbers planted in each bed is 70cm.

[0023] Furthermore, in the fertilization scheme management of step S3, the nutrient solution concentration range of winter and spring cucumbers is set to:

[0024] Seedling stage: 1.5-1.8ms / cm, flowering stage: 2.0-2.2ms / cm, fruiting stage: 2.4-2.6ms / cm, fruiting stage: 3.0-3.2ms / cm;

[0025] The dosage range of nutrient solution A for winter and spring cucumbers is set as follows:

[0026] Seedling stage: 0.70~0.85kg / 667m 2 , flowering period: 1.35~1.50kg / 667m 2 , Fruiting period: 1.67~2.08kg / 667m 2 , peak fruiting period: 2.80~2.92kg / 667m 2 ;

[0027] The dosage range of nutrient solution B for winter and spring cucumbers is set as follows:

[0028] Seedling stage: 0.70~0.85kg / 667m 2 , flowering period: 1.35~1.50kg / 667m 2 , Fruiting period: 1.67~2.08kg / 667m 2 , peak fruiting period: 2.80~2.92kg / 667m 2 ;

[0029] The nutrient solution concentration range for autumn and winter cucumbers is set as follows:

[0030] Seedling stage: 1.3-1.5ms / cm, flowering stage: 1.6-1.8ms / cm, fruiting stage: 2.2-2.4ms / cm, fruiting stage: 2.8-3.0ms / cm;

[0031] The dosage range of nutrient solution A for autumn and winter cucumbers is set as follows:

[0032] Seedling stage: 0.61~0.70kg / 667m 2 , flowering period: 0.75~0.85kg / 667m 2 , Fruiting period: 1.35~1.67kg / 667m 2 , peak fruiting period: 2.60~2.80kg / 667m2 ;

[0033] The dosage range of nutrient solution B for autumn and winter cucumbers is set as follows:

[0034] Seedling stage: 0.61~0.70kg / 667m 2 , flowering period: 0.75~0.85kg / 667m 2 , Fruiting period: 1.35~1.67kg / 667m 2 , peak fruiting period: 2.60~2.80kg / 667m 2 .

[0035] Furthermore, in the water and fertilizer management of step S3,

[0036] In autumn and winter, drip irrigation with a drip irrigation belt for 1 hour before planting cucumbers, so that the cultivation substrate is almost completely moistened, and then transplanting is done. 5 days before planting, drip irrigation with clean water once a day, the drip irrigation time is 10-15 minutes / time, depending on the weather conditions, to ensure that all the cultivation substrates are moistened and no excess nutrient solution flows out; after the plants survive stably, start to alternately irrigate with nutrient solution A and nutrient solution B, add nutrient mother solution according to the autumn and winter plan in the fertilization plan, adjust the nutrient solution concentration to the specified range, irrigate 1-2 times a day, each irrigation lasts 20-25 minutes, and the total amount of nutrient solution irrigated per day is 1.5-1.8 tons / mu;

[0037] There is no need to moisten the winter and spring cucumbers with water before planting. Drip irrigation is performed for 20 to 30 minutes on the first day after planting. Within one week after planting, drip irrigation is performed once a day for 8 to 12 minutes per time. After one week of planting, when the plants have survived stably, nutrient solution A and nutrient solution B are alternately irrigated. Nutrient mother solution is added according to the winter and spring plan in the fertilization plan, and the concentration of the nutrient solution is adjusted to the specified range. Irrigation is performed 1 to 2 times a day for 15 to 20 minutes each time. The total amount of nutrient solution irrigated per day is 1.3 to 1.5 tons / mu.

[0038] During the flowering period, fruiting period and peak fruit-bearing period, the concentration of nutrient solution for irrigation can be implemented according to the winter and spring and autumn and winter fertilization plans, and the pH of the nutrient solution should be stabilized in the range of 5.8 to 6.5.

[0039] Furthermore, in the temperature and humidity management of step S3,

[0040] Do not ventilate the greenhouse before the seedlings have been grown after transplanting, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 28℃~30℃ during the day and 15℃~18℃ at night, not lower than 15℃; from the time the seedlings have been grown to the time the fruit has been ripe, the temperature of the greenhouse should be 25~28℃ during the day and 12~15℃ at night, and should not exceed 30℃ around noon; during this period, ventilation and moisture dissipation should be strengthened, and vents can be left on the roof at night;

[0041] During the fruit-setting period, the greenhouse temperature needs to be managed with variable temperature. From 8:00 to 13:00 in the morning, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 25-30℃, and ventilation is required when it exceeds 28℃; from 13:00 to 17:00 in the afternoon, 25-20℃; from 17:00 to 24:00, 20-15℃; from 0:00 to 8:00, 15-12℃; lower the temperature index in late winter and on cloudy days when the light is poor; in late winter, the outside temperature is low, and ventilation is required for a short time around noon to reduce humidity and change air; among them, the late winter season is from late December to mid-February.

[0042] Furthermore, after step S3, the method further includes:

[0043] S4. Recycle the cultivation substrate into the soil to adjust the soil pH, reduce the soil salt content, loosen the soil porosity, reduce the soil bulk density, and increase the soil substrate content to create a suitable living environment for beneficial soil microorganisms.

[0044] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0045] (1) Improve soil: Utilize the high content, looseness and air permeability of soil-less cultivation substrates to improve the soil aggregate structure, absorb nutrients stored underground for a long time, alleviate soil continuous cropping obstacles, reduce soil salinization, and create a good microbial environment.

[0046] (2) Cost saving: Compared with the traditional soil model, the semi-soilless matrix cultivation model does not require repeated tillage, fertilization, ridge formation, and drip irrigation during the crop rotation period, saving cultivation time, manpower, material resources, and cost input; compared with the modern soilless matrix cultivation model, it saves the cost of cultivation matrix input. According to the coconut bran matrix, the matrix input cost per mu of land can be reduced by 2,500-3,000 yuan. Resource recycling, when the matrix is ​​replaced, the old soilless cultivation matrix can be repeatedly rotary tilled and applied to the soil, reducing the use of organic fertilizer and the cost of base fertilizer.

[0047] (3) Accurate management model: The field water and fertilizer management model is managed in accordance with the soilless cultivation model. Water and fertilizer are applied accurately according to the needs of plants in different production periods to avoid excessive water and fertilizer application.

[0048] (4) Stable production and increased efficiency: While reducing the input costs of water, fertilizer, nutrition, manpower, and material resources, it can also increase the yield and quality of vegetables and significantly increase benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of a semi-soilless cultivation method for increasing cucumber yield.

[0050] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ridge-forming and cultivation substrate filling method in the present invention.

[0051] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0053] The present invention belongs to the technical innovation of greenhouse cucumber planting, involves the change of planting carrier, is between the traditional soil planting and soilless cultivation planting, and combines the advantages of soil and matrix.

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a semi-soilless cultivation method for increasing cucumber yield, which comprises forming ridges on the ground, filling cultivation substrates, and laying drip irrigation belts. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

[0055] S1, Ridge filling matrix

[0056] First, level the land, then build ridges with a furrow spacing of 70 cm (the distance between furrows). Fill the middle of the ridge base (70 cm wide) of each ridge (leaving 25 cm on each side) with a 20 cm wide and 20 cm high self-made cultivation substrate or purchased soilless cultivation substrate. Finally, cover the substrate with 5-10 cm thick soil, and do not lay any isolation equipment between the substrate and the soil. The ridge base is 70 cm wide, the bed surface is 40 cm wide (filled with 20 cm of substrate + a soil layer of about 10 cm), the ridge height is 25 cm (filled with 20 cm of substrate + a soil layer of 5 cm), the ridge base is flush with the ground, and 2 drip irrigation belts are laid on each ridge for irrigation of water, fertilizer and nutrition. Field management is carried out according to the soilless cultivation management model (such as the attached Figure 2 As shown: the filling matrix is ​​the shadow part of the rectangle, and the covering soil layer is the isosceles trapezoidal blank area around the matrix).

[0057] S2. Planting

[0058] Cucumber planting is carried out between 8 am and 12 pm on a sunny day. The temperature in the greenhouse should be stable at above 12°C for 5 days before planting, and the substrate temperature should not be lower than 10°C. The planting method is to drill holes on the ridge according to the spacing between plants, with a spacing of 30 cm, two rows per ridge, and a row spacing of 70 cm. The planting depth should be such that the surface of the nutrient ball is level with the surface of the ridge.

[0059] S3. Field management

[0060] 1) Fertilization plan: According to the different planting rotations of cucumbers and the fertilizer requirements at different times, nutrient solutions A and B containing different nutrient elements are applied alternately. The nutrient solutions for winter and spring and autumn and winter are adjusted as the temperature changes. The fertilization plan is as follows:

[0061] Table 1 Nutrient solution application scheme for soilless cultivation of cucumbers in winter and spring in double-arch double-film plastic multi-span greenhouses

[0062]

[0063] Table 2 Nutrient solution application scheme for soilless cultivation of cucumbers in autumn and winter in double-arch double-film plastic multi-span greenhouses

[0064]

[0065] 2) Water and fertilizer management: In autumn and winter, drip irrigation is used for 1 hour one day before planting cucumbers to moisten the substrate, and then transplanting is done. 5 days before planting, drip irrigation is used once a day, and the drip irrigation time is 10-15 minutes / time, depending on weather conditions, to ensure that all substrates are moistened and no excess nutrient solution flows out. After the plants have stabilized and survived, nutrient solution A and nutrient solution B are alternately irrigated, and nutrient mother solution is added according to the scheme in Table 2 to adjust the nutrient solution concentration to the specified range. Irrigate 1-2 times a day, each time for 20-25 minutes, and the total amount of nutrient solution irrigated per day is 1.5-1.8 tons / mu.

[0066] There is no need to moisten the winter and spring cucumbers with water before planting. Drip irrigation is performed for 20 to 30 minutes on the first day after planting. Within one week after planting, drip irrigation is performed once a day, 8 to 12 minutes per time. After one week of planting, when the plants have survived stably, nutrient solution A and nutrient solution B are alternately irrigated. Add nutrient mother solution according to the scheme in Table 1, adjust the nutrient solution concentration to the specified range, and irrigate 1 to 2 times a day, 15 to 20 minutes each time. The total amount of nutrient solution irrigated per day is 1.3 to 1.5 tons / mu.

[0067] During the flowering period, fruiting period and peak fruit-bearing period, the nutrient solution irrigation concentration can be implemented according to the schemes in Table 1 and Table 2, and the pH of the nutrient solution should be stabilized in the range of 5.8 to 6.5.

[0068] 3) Temperature and humidity management: Do not ventilate after planting and before seedlings have grown, keep the greenhouse temperature at 28℃~30℃ during the day and 15℃~18℃ at night, not lower than 15℃. After seedlings have grown and before fruiting, the greenhouse temperature should be 25~28℃ during the day and 12~15℃ at night, and should not exceed 30℃ around noon. During this period, ventilation and moisture dissipation should be strengthened, and vents can be left on the roof at night.

[0069] During the fruit-bearing period, the greenhouse temperature needs to be managed. From 8:00 to 13:00 in the morning, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 25-30℃, and ventilation is required when it exceeds 28℃; from 13:00 to 17:00 in the afternoon, the temperature is 25-20℃; from 17:00 to 24:00, the temperature is 20-15℃; from 0 to 8:00, the temperature is 15-12℃. In late winter (i.e., late December to mid-February) and when the sunlight is poor on cloudy days, the temperature index can be appropriately lowered. In late winter, the outside temperature is low, and ventilation can be carried out for a short time around noon to reduce humidity and exchange air.

[0070] S4. Matrix recycling

[0071] Recycle the cultivation substrate into the soil to adjust the soil pH, reduce soil salt content, loosen soil porosity, reduce soil bulk density, increase soil substrate content, create a suitable living environment for beneficial soil microorganisms, and reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases.

[0072] The present invention conducted a cucumber planting experiment in a planting shed (5.6 acres), and the test results showed that:

[0073] (1) Accelerate the growth rate of cucumbers, bring them to market earlier, and extend the harvest period.

[0074] Compared with traditional soil planting methods, cucumbers planted on the same day, those grown using semi-soilless planting technology have a faster growth rate than those planted in soil, and can enter the picking period 3-5 days earlier.

[0075] (2) Improve production and quality and increase income.

[0076] When cucumbers enter the fruiting period, they need to be picked every day. Traditional soil planting can harvest 100kg-125kg per mu every day when soil continuous cropping problems occur. Using semi-soilless cultivation technology, cucumbers can be harvested 125kg-160kg per day. Autumn and winter cucumbers are generally harvested for 2 months. The total output of Shed No. 2 is 50,792kg, with an output of 9.07 tons per mu. The output of traditional soil planting sheds is 6.6 tons per mu. The semi-soilless cultivated cucumbers have an increase of 27.23% per mu compared to soil planting, realizing an increase in income of approximately 12,350 yuan.

[0077] (3) The cost of land preparation is reduced.

[0078] After the previous crop is harvested, traditional soil planting needs to plow the land again, make ridges, and lay drip irrigation tapes. However, semi-soilless cultivation technology can be planted after the plants are pulled out of the previous crop, without land preparation, ridge making, and laying drip irrigation tapes, which saves land preparation time and reduces the input of production materials such as chicken manure, base fertilizer, and drip irrigation tapes, as well as labor costs. Generally, soil planting land preparation takes at least 5 days, labor costs (150 yuan / mu of cultivated land*1 person*3 times + 100 yuan / d*1d*1 person for spreading fertilizer + laying drip irrigation tape, 100 yuan / d*1d*1 person = 650 yuan / mu), input costs (800kg / mu of chicken manure*390 yuan / ton + 40kg / mu of compound fertilizer*6000 yuan / ton + 150 yuan / mu of drip irrigation tape = 702 yuan). The land preparation cost per mu for soil planting is 1,352 yuan higher than that for semi-soilless cultivation technology. A planting shed covers about 5 mu of land, which increases the land preparation cost by 6,760 yuan.

[0079] (4) Alleviate the problem of soil continuous cropping.

[0080] The disadvantage of traditional soil cultivation is that it is cropped continuously all year round, and the inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides used are too single, which will lead to problems such as soil acidification, salinization, compaction, and aggravation of soil-borne diseases, which seriously affect the yield and quality of vegetables. Semi-soilless cultivation technology is to recycle the cultivation matrix into the soil, give full play to the organic characteristics of the matrix, loosen the soil porosity, reduce the soil bulk density, increase the soil matrix content, adjust the soil pH, create a suitable environment for the survival of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases. The company's technical research and development department tested the soil for the implementation of semi-soilless cultivation technology. The results showed that the soil pH changed compared with before. The pH value dropped from the original 7.2-7.5 to 6.5-6.8. The soil pH tends to the optimal growth pH of cucumber 6-6.5, and the soil salt content EC value dropped from the original 1.8-2.0ms / cm to 0.7-1.0ms / cm, reducing the soil salt content and alleviating the degree of soil salinization.

[0081] The present invention is based on the current situation that the problem of soil continuous cropping obstacles is prominent, which restricts the development of the facility vegetable industry, and the investment in soilless vegetable cultivation is high, the replication rate is low, and the acceptance level is low. The semi-soilless cultivation technology is innovated to achieve the following technical effects:

[0082] (1) Improve soil

[0083] The soilless cultivation substrate has high substrate content and is loose and breathable, which can improve the soil's aggregate structure, absorb nutrients stored underground for a long time, alleviate soil continuous cropping obstacles, reduce soil salinization, and create a good microbial environment.

[0084] (2) Cost savings

[0085] Compared with the traditional soil model: the semi-soilless matrix cultivation model does not require repeated tillage, fertilization, ridge formation, and laying of drip irrigation tapes during crop rotation, saving cultivation time, manpower, material resources, and cost investment.

[0086] Compared with the modern soilless substrate cultivation mode: it saves the cost of cultivation substrate input. Calculated based on coconut bran substrate, the substrate input cost per acre can be reduced by 2,500-3,000 yuan.

[0087] Recycling of resources: when replacing the substrate, the old soilless cultivation substrate can be repeatedly tilled and applied to the soil, which can reduce the use of organic fertilizers and lower the cost of base fertilizers.

[0088] (3) Accurate management model

[0089] The field water and fertilizer management model is managed according to the soilless cultivation model. Water and fertilizer are applied accurately according to the needs of plants in different production periods to avoid excessive water and fertilizer application.

[0090] (4) Stable production and increased efficiency

[0091] While reducing the input costs of water, fertilizer, nutrition, manpower, material resources, etc., it can improve the yield and quality of vegetables and greatly increase benefits.

[0092] The present invention is innovative based on soilless cultivation technology, combining the advantages of soil and substrate to achieve planting. The differences from the prior art are:

[0093] (1) Matrix filling position

[0094] The existing technology uses underground planting grooves, fills the matrix flush with the ground, and uses a 40-60 mesh isolation net in the planting groove to separate the matrix from the soil. The present invention fills the soilless cultivation matrix into the ridge on the basis of the original soil planting ridge, adopts the method of filling the matrix above the ground, covers the soil on the surface of the matrix, and fully combines the matrix with the soil, which is little different from traditional soil planting.

[0095] (2) Is the nutrient solution collected?

[0096] The existing technology uses a soilless cultivation method, with trenches left underground to collect excess nutrient solution, while "a semi-soilless cultivation method for increasing cucumber yield" does not require trenches to collect nutrient solution, and the excess nutrient solution will seep into the soil as soil storage nutrients.

[0097] (3) Post-processing of the matrix

[0098] The existing technology requires that after the substrate is used up, the old substrate must be cleaned out and replaced with a new one. The method of the present invention is to use the substrate as an organic fertilizer and directly till the substrate into the ground to improve the soil quality and alleviate the problems of soil salinization and compaction. With the repeated implementation of this technology, the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in the soil will be fundamentally improved, thereby achieving the sustainable development of the facility industry.

[0099] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, device, article or method including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, device, article or method. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "includes a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, device, article or method including the element.

[0100] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A semi-soilless cultivation method for increasing cucumber yield, characterized in that: include: S1. Level the land, build ridges according to the set furrow spacing, fill the middle of the ridge base with a cultivation matrix, cover the cultivation matrix with soil, and do not lay any isolation equipment between the cultivation matrix and the soil. Lay two drip irrigation belts on each ridge for irrigation of water, fertilizer and nutrition; S2. Planting cucumbers according to the set weather and temperature. The planting method is to drill holes on the bed according to the set plant spacing, plant two rows per bed, and the planting depth is such that the surface of the nutrient heap is level with the surface of the bed; S3. Carry out field management according to the soilless cultivation management model, including fertilization scheme management, water and fertilizer management, and temperature and humidity management; among which, In the fertilization scheme, nutrient solutions A and B containing different nutrient elements are applied alternately according to the different planting rotations of cucumbers and the fertilizer requirements at different periods, and the nutrient solutions for winter and spring crops and autumn and winter crops are adjusted as the temperature changes; In the water and fertilizer management, different irrigation methods are set according to winter and spring crops and autumn and winter crops; The temperature and humidity management is to adjust the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse according to the different growth stages of the cucumbers.

2. The semi-soilless cultivation method for increasing cucumber yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the trench spacing is set to 70 cm; The width of the base of each ridge is 70 cm, and the middle of each ridge is filled with 20 cm wide and 20 cm high self-owned cultivation substrate or purchased soilless cultivation substrate, and the cultivation substrate is covered with 5-10 cm thick soil; The formed ridge base is 70cm wide, the ridge surface is 40cm wide, the ridge height is 25cm, and the ridge base is flush with the ground; among them, the ridge surface part is filled with a soil layer of 20cm + about 10cm of the cultivation medium, and the ridge height part is filled with a soil layer of 20cm + 5cm of the cultivation medium.

3. The semi-soilless cultivation method for increasing cucumber yield according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the weather is set as follows: cucumbers are planted between 8:00 and 12:00 in the morning when the weather is clear; The set temperature is: the temperature in the greenhouse is stable at above 12℃ within 5 days before planting, and the temperature of the cultivation medium is not lower than 10℃; The set plant spacing is 30cm, and the row spacing between the two rows of cucumbers planted in each bed is 70cm.

4. The semi-soilless cultivation method for increasing cucumber yield according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the fertilization scheme management of step S3, the nutrient solution concentration range of winter and spring cucumbers is set to: Seedling stage: 1.5-1.8ms / cm, flowering stage: 2.0-2.2ms / cm, fruiting stage: 2.4-2.6ms / cm, fruiting stage: 3.0-3.2ms / cm; The dosage range of nutrient solution A for winter and spring cucumbers is set as follows: Seedling stage: 0.70~0.85kg / 667m 2 , flowering period: 1.35~1.50kg / 667m 2 , Fruiting period: 1.67~2.08kg / 667m 2 , peak fruiting period: 2.80~2.92kg / 667m 2 ; The dosage range of nutrient solution B for winter and spring cucumbers is set as follows: Seedling stage: 0.70~0.85kg / 667m 2 , flowering period: 1.35~1.50kg / 667m 2 , Fruiting period: 1.67~2.08kg / 667m 2 , peak fruiting period: 2.80~2.92kg / 667m 2 ; The nutrient solution concentration range for autumn and winter cucumbers is set as follows: Seedling stage: 1.3-1.5ms / cm, flowering stage: 1.6-1.8ms / cm, fruiting stage: 2.2-2.4ms / cm, fruiting stage: 2.8-3.0ms / cm; The dosage range of nutrient solution A for autumn and winter cucumbers is set as follows: Seedling stage: 0.61~0.70kg / 667m 2 , flowering period: 0.75~0.85kg / 667m 2 , Fruiting period: 1.35~1.67kg / 667m 2 , peak fruiting period: 2.60~2.80kg / 667m 2 ; The dosage range of nutrient solution B for autumn and winter cucumbers is set as follows: Seedling stage: 0.61~0.70kg / 667m 2 , flowering period: 0.75~0.85kg / 667m 2 , Fruiting period: 1.35~1.67kg / 667m 2 , peak fruiting period: 2.60~2.80kg / 667m 2 .

5. The semi-soilless cultivation method for increasing cucumber yield according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the water and fertilizer management of step S3, In autumn and winter, drip irrigation with a drip irrigation belt for 1 hour before planting cucumbers, so that the cultivation substrate is almost completely moistened, and then transplanting is done. 5 days before planting, drip irrigation with clean water once a day, the drip irrigation time is 10-15 minutes / time, depending on the weather conditions, to ensure that all the cultivation substrates are moistened and no excess nutrient solution flows out; after the plants survive stably, start to alternately irrigate with nutrient solution A and nutrient solution B, add nutrient mother solution according to the autumn and winter plan in the fertilization plan, adjust the nutrient solution concentration to the specified range, irrigate 1-2 times a day, each irrigation lasts 20-25 minutes, and the total amount of nutrient solution irrigated per day is 1.5-1.8 tons / mu; There is no need to moisten the winter and spring cucumbers with water before planting. Drip irrigation is performed for 20 to 30 minutes on the first day after planting. Within one week after planting, drip irrigation is performed once a day for 8 to 12 minutes per time. After one week of planting, when the plants have survived stably, nutrient solution A and nutrient solution B are alternately irrigated. Nutrient mother solution is added according to the winter and spring plan in the fertilization plan, and the concentration of the nutrient solution is adjusted to the specified range. Irrigation is performed 1 to 2 times a day for 15 to 20 minutes each time. The total amount of nutrient solution irrigated per day is 1.3 to 1.5 tons / mu. During the flowering period, fruiting period and peak fruit-bearing period, the concentration of nutrient solution for irrigation can be implemented according to the winter and spring and autumn and winter fertilization plans, and the pH of the nutrient solution should be stabilized in the range of 5.8 to 6.

5.

6. The semi-soilless cultivation method for increasing cucumber yield according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the temperature and humidity management of step S3, Do not ventilate the greenhouse before the seedlings have been grown after transplanting, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 28℃~30℃ during the day and 15℃~18℃ at night, not lower than 15℃; from the time the seedlings have been grown to the time the fruit has been ripe, the temperature of the greenhouse should be 25~28℃ during the day and 12~15℃ at night, and should not exceed 30℃ around noon; during this period, ventilation and moisture dissipation should be strengthened, and vents can be left on the roof at night; During the fruit-setting period, the greenhouse temperature needs to be managed with variable temperature. From 8:00 to 13:00 in the morning, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 25-30℃, and ventilation is required when it exceeds 28℃; from 13:00 to 17:00 in the afternoon, 25-20℃; from 17:00 to 24:00, 20-15℃; from 0:00 to 8:00, 15-12℃; lower the temperature index in late winter and on cloudy days when the light is poor; in late winter, the outside temperature is low, and ventilation is required for a short time around noon to reduce humidity and change air; among them, the late winter season is from late December to mid-February.

7. The semi-soilless cultivation method for increasing cucumber yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: After step S3, the method further includes: S4. Recycle the cultivation substrate into the soil to adjust the soil pH, reduce the soil salt content, loosen the soil porosity, reduce the soil bulk density, and increase the soil substrate content to create a suitable living environment for beneficial soil microorganisms.

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