Camellia oleifera fruit grading, drying and shelling integrated machine

Abstract

The present application relates to an all-in-one machine for grading, drying and shelling camellia fruit, which includes a shelling table and a plurality of conveyor belts arranged on the shelling table, wherein the gap between two adjacent conveyor belts forms a conveying channel for the camellia fruit; an upper cutting assembly and a lower cutting assembly corresponding to the conveying channel are respectively arranged above and below the shelling table; the upper cutting assembly and the lower cutting assembly both include: a knife barrel; a plurality of fixed cutters, which are fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the knife barrel arc surface; a plurality of movable cutters, which correspond one to one with the plurality of fixed cutters; a control component, which is configured to control the movable cutter to fit with the fixed cutter to cut a slit when the knife barrel rotates to the fixed cutter to cut the camellia fruit, and then control the movable cutter to move away from the fixed cutter to expand the slit; and a driving component for driving the knife barrel to rotate. The present application can slit the camellia fruit after the fixed cutter and the movable cutter are closed, and after the slit is cut, the two are driven to separate to expand the slit, so as to ensure the quality of the subsequent seed and shell breaking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of oil-tea camellia fruit processing, and in particular to an all-in-one machine for grading, drying and shelling oil-tea camellia fruits. Background Art

[0002] Camellia oleifera is a highly economically valuable woody oil crop. Its seeds, rich in oil, serve as the raw material for tea oil processing. Camellia oleifera fruit consists of the husk and seeds. Shelling and seed cleaning are crucial steps before oil processing. Freshly harvested fruit has a high moisture content. If not promptly shelled, it can easily mold, hindering subsequent drying, storage, and processing of the seeds.

[0003] In the related art, the Chinese patent application with application number CN202311820862.4 proposes an all-in-one machine for grading, drying and shelling camellia fruits, comprising: a grading mechanism for grading the diameter of the input camellia fruits; a drying mechanism having a drying chamber for drying the camellia fruits, wherein the drying chamber is provided with multiple chambers for drying camellia fruits of different grades; a shelling mechanism for shelling the dried camellia fruits; and a separating mechanism for separating the seeds and shells formed after shelling. This invention utilizes a grading mechanism to grade camellia fruits of different grades of diameter. After grading, the camellia fruits enter different drying chambers for separate drying, so that the drying and cracking state of large and small fruits is kept at the same level, saving energy and ensuring the subsequent shelling and seed removal rate.

[0004] The above-mentioned related technologies have the following defects: there are differences in the diameter and shell thickness of tea oil fruits during their growth. Although they are graded by a grading mechanism before shelling, the cut depths of tea oil fruits of the same grade are still different during the cutting process. Especially when processing green and fresh fruits, if the cuts are too shallow, the subsequent shelling rollers may not be able to effectively break the shells with the help of the cuts, which will also affect the separation efficiency and quality of the seeds and shells by the subsequent separation mechanism. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to improve the problem that shallow cuts in the shelling process of graded tea oil fruits will affect the shelling quality and subsequent separation quality, the present application provides a tea oil fruit grading, drying and shelling all-in-one machine.

[0006] The present application provides an all-in-one machine for grading, drying and shelling camellia fruit, which adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] An all-in-one machine for grading, drying and shelling oil-tea fruit, comprising a grading mechanism, a drying mechanism, a shelling mechanism and a separating mechanism arranged in sequence; the shelling mechanism comprises a shelling table and a plurality of conveyor belts arranged on the shelling table; the gap between two adjacent conveyor belts forms an oil-tea fruit conveying channel; the feed end of the conveying channel is connected to the output end of the drying mechanism, and the discharge end is connected to the input end of the separating mechanism; an upper cutting assembly and a lower cutting assembly corresponding to the conveying channel are respectively arranged above and below the shelling table;

[0008] The upper cutting assembly and the lower cutting assembly both include:

[0009] A knife cylinder is rotatably arranged on the shelling table, and its axial direction is orthogonal to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt;

[0010] A plurality of fixed cutters are provided and fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the arc surface of the knife barrel;

[0011] There are multiple movable cutters, which correspond to the multiple fixed cutters one by one. The movable cutters are movably arranged on the knife cylinder. When the movable cutters are tightly fitted with the fixed cutters, they form a cutting knife for cutting the oil-tea camellia fruits in the conveying channel.

[0012] a control component configured to, when the knife drum rotates to the fixed cutter to cut the oil-tea fruit, first control the movable cutter to fit with the fixed cutter to cut a slit, and then control the movable cutter to move away from the fixed cutter to enlarge the slit; and

[0013] A driving component is used to drive the knife cylinder to rotate.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0015] The slag cleaning component is configured to clean the contact side of the fixed cutter and the movable cutter when the knife cylinder rotates until the fixed cutter is away from the conveying channel after cutting the oil-tea fruit.

[0016] Furthermore, the control component includes:

[0017] A control cylinder is coaxially disposed in the knife cylinder, and a plurality of movable cutters are fixedly connected to an outer wall of the control cylinder. A movable groove for extending the movable cutters is formed through the outer wall of the knife cylinder at a position corresponding to the fixed cutters, and the movable cutters are slidably disposed in the movable groove.

[0018] a linear drive member, the output end of which is rotationally connected to the control cylinder;

[0019] The detection member is configured to: output a first detection signal before any of the fixed cutters rotates to contact the closest oil-tea fruit in the conveying channel, and output a second detection signal before the fixed cutter rotates to be about to separate from the closest oil-tea fruit; and

[0020] The controller is control-connected to both the detection member and the linear drive member, and is configured to: upon receiving the first detection signal, control the linear drive member to drive the control cylinder to move so that the movable cutter is in close contact with the fixed cutter; and upon receiving the second detection signal, control the linear drive member to drive the control cylinder to move so that the movable cutter is away from the fixed cutter.

[0021] Furthermore, the detection member is configured as an angle sensor, which outputs a first detection signal when the detection member detects that the knife cylinder rotates to a first angle, and outputs a second detection signal when the detection member detects that the knife cylinder rotates to a second angle.

[0022] Furthermore, the detection element includes a first proximity sensor, a second proximity sensor and a sensing block used in conjunction with the first proximity sensor and the second proximity sensor. A plurality of sensing blocks corresponding to the plurality of fixed cutters are installed on the knife drum. The first proximity sensor and the second proximity sensor are installed on both sides of the knife drum axis on the shelling table. The second proximity sensor and the first proximity sensor are arranged in sequence along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt.

[0023] When the sensing block is aligned with the first proximity sensor, the first proximity sensor outputs a first detection signal:

[0024] When the sensing block is aligned with the second proximity sensor, the second proximity sensor outputs a second detection signal.

[0025] Furthermore, the rotation direction of the knife drum is opposite to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt.

[0026] Furthermore, the free ends of the fixed cutter and the movable cutter are both provided with arc portions extending away from the rotation direction of the knife cylinder.

[0027] Furthermore, the slag cleaning component includes a scraper and a brush. The scraper is located on the rotation path of the gap between the fixed cutter and the movable cutter. The brush is arranged at one end of the scraper close to the knife cylinder and flexibly abuts against the outside of the knife cylinder. The scraper is provided with a pointed end on the side facing the rotation direction of the knife cylinder.

[0028] Furthermore, a plurality of pressing air bags corresponding one to one with the plurality of conveyor belts are fixedly connected to the shelling table, and the pressing air bags are located in the inner circle of the conveyor belt and pressed against the inner side wall of the conveyor belt.

[0029] Furthermore, there is a speed difference between the conveying speeds of the two conveyor belts on both sides of the conveying channel, so that the oil-tea camellia fruits in the conveying channel rotate to a certain extent when being conveyed.

[0030] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of this application are:

[0031] 1. The sorted camellia fruits are clamped and conveyed by two conveyor belts in the conveying channel, so that multiple camellia fruits of the same level are arranged in a row in the conveying channel and conveyed in sequence. When the camellia fruits are conveyed between the upper cutting assembly and the lower cutting assembly, the driving component continuously drives the knife drum to rotate so that one of the fixed cutters on the knife drum rotates to align with the camellia fruit directly below it; with the help of the control component, the movable cutter can first fit the fixed cutter so that the two are combined into a cutting knife, and cut a slit on the camellia fruit shell; then the control component continues to control the movable cutter to cut the slit on the camellia fruit shell. The cutter is away from the fixed cutter so that the cut seam is expanded as the two move away from each other. Thus, before the fixed cutter is completely away from the oil-tea camellia fruit directly below it, the cut seam and the seam expansion operation can be completed on the oil-tea camellia fruit. Even if there are oil-tea camellia fruits of slightly smaller diameters among the oil-tea camellia fruits of the same grade after sorting, resulting in a shallow cut seam, the subsequent seam expansion operation will significantly increase the damage effect of the cut seam on the fruit shell, making it easier for the fruit shell to be cracked from the cut seam and the expansion seam when the shelling roller is shelling. This can effectively ensure the quality of the subsequent seed and shell breaking and the subsequent separation quality.

[0032] 2. After the fixed cutter and the movable cutter have completed the slitting and widening operations, as the knife drum continues to rotate, the fixed cutter and the movable cutter rotate to the scraper. The scraper passes through the gap between the two and cleans the contact side of the two to ensure that they can fit tightly in the future. The brush on the scraper cleans the movable groove on the knife drum, which can also reduce the probability that the fixed cutter and the movable cutter cannot fit smoothly and tightly due to the presence of debris between them.

[0033] 3. By setting a speed difference between the two conveyor belts on either side of the conveying channel, the oil-tea camellia fruits in the conveying channel rotate slightly while being conveyed. As a result, when the upper and lower cutting assemblies cut the oil-tea camellia fruits, the fruits rotate slightly along their vertical axis, creating a curved cut. This increases the actual cut length, allows for partial severing of fibers from the shell, and improves the subsequent separation of seeds and shells. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2This is a top view of the overall structure of the embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the movable cutter and the fixed cutter when separated from each other in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the knife cylinder and the control cylinder of the embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 5 It is along Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the AA line;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure when the control component of an embodiment of the present application adopts a wedge block and a push rod.

[0040] Description of reference numerals:

[0041] 1. Shelling table; 11. Conveying channel; 121. Driving motor; 122. Driving gear; 123. Ring gear;

[0042] 21. Conveyor belt; 22. Conveyor wheel;

[0043] 3. Knife cylinder; 31. Movable slot;

[0044] 4. Fixed cutter; 41. Arc;

[0045] 5. Movable cutter;

[0046] 61. Control cylinder; 62. Linear drive member; 631. First proximity sensor; 632. Second proximity sensor; 633. Sensing block; 641. Control rod; 642. Compression spring; 643. Wedge; 6431. Inclined section; 6432. Horizontal section; 644. Push rod;

[0047] 71. Scraper; 72. Brush;

[0048] 81. Press the airbag tightly; 82. Smooth plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solution of this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] The embodiment of the present application discloses a tea fruit grading, drying and shelling machine. Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3, which includes a grading mechanism, a drying mechanism, a shelling mechanism and a separation mechanism arranged in sequence, wherein the specific structures of the grading mechanism, the drying mechanism and the separation mechanism are arranged based on the existing technology and will not be repeated here. The shelling mechanism includes a shelling platform 1 and a plurality of parallel conveyor belts 21 arranged on the shelling platform 1. The inner ring of the conveyor belt 21 is provided with two conveying wheels 22 rotatably mounted on the shelling platform 1. The shelling platform 1 is provided with a power motor for driving one of the conveying wheels 22 to rotate. Two adjacent conveyor belts 21 form a group and the gap between them forms an oil tea fruit conveying channel 11. The feed end of the conveying channel 11 is connected to the output end of the drying mechanism and the discharge end is connected to the input end of the separation mechanism. Each conveying channel 11 is used to convey oil tea fruits of different fruit diameter grades. The two conveyor belts 21 in the same group are used to clamp and convey the oil tea fruits at the feed end of the conveying channel 11 to the discharge end. In addition, the shelling station 1 is provided with multiple shelling rollers (not shown in the figure) at the discharge end of the conveying channel 11. The gap between two adjacent shelling rollers is for the cut tea fruits to fall and be squeezed and torn by the multiple roller teeth on the shelling rollers to achieve the separation of seeds and shells. Its specific setting is conventional technical means and will not be repeated here.

[0051] Upper cutting components and lower cutting components (not shown in the figure) corresponding to the conveying channel 11 are respectively provided above and below the shelling table 1, and each group of upper cutting components and lower cutting components corresponds to a conveying channel 11; and the shelling table 1 is provided with a slot corresponding to the lower cutting component (not shown in the figure). In the specific setting, the upper cutting component and the lower cutting component can be set up directly opposite each other, or they can be staggered along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 21. The difference is that when they are set directly opposite each other, the oil-tea fruit can be accurately cut at one time; and the staggered setting can reduce the overall footprint of the shelling mechanism to a certain extent.

[0052] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 , both the upper cutting assembly and the lower cutting assembly include:

[0053] The knife drum 3 is rotatably arranged on the shelling table 1, and its axial direction is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 21. A plurality of fixed cutters 4 are provided and fixedly connected to the arc surface outer peripheral wall of the knife drum 3, and the plurality of fixed cutters 4 are arranged at equal intervals in the axial direction of the knife drum 3.

[0054] There are multiple movable cutters 5, which correspond one-to-one to multiple fixed cutters 4. The multiple movable cutters 5 are also arranged at equal intervals in the axial direction of the knife cylinder 3. The movable cutters 5 are movably set on the knife cylinder 3. When the movable cutters 5 are tightly fitted with the fixed cutters 4, they form a cutting knife for cutting the oil tea fruit in the conveying channel 11.

[0055] The control component is configured to first control the movable cutter 5 to fit together with the fixed cutter 4 to cut a slit when the knife cylinder 3 rotates to the fixed cutter 4 to cut the oil-tea fruit, and then control the movable cutter 5 to move away from the fixed cutter 4 to expand the slit.

[0056] The driving component is used to drive the knife drum 3 to rotate. The driving component can specifically be a driving motor 121, a driving gear 122 fixed to the output end of the driving motor 121, a gear ring 123 meshing with the driving gear 122 and coaxially fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the end of the knife drum 3, or other existing structures that can drive the knife drum 3 to rotate stably.

[0057] The slag cleaning component is configured to clean the contact side of the fixed cutter 4 and the movable cutter 5 when the knife cylinder 3 rotates to the point where the fixed cutter 4 is away from the conveying channel 11 after cutting the oil-tea fruit.

[0058] Therefore, after the picked tea fruits pass through the grading mechanism and the drying mechanism in sequence, the tea fruits of different fruit diameters are sorted and entered into different conveying channels 11. These tea fruits are clamped and conveyed by two conveyor belts 21 in the conveying channel 11, so that multiple tea fruits of the same level are arranged in a row in the conveying channel 11 and conveyed in sequence. When the tea fruits are conveyed between the upper cutting component and the lower cutting component, the driving component continuously drives the knife drum 3 to rotate, so that one of the fixed cutters 4 on the knife drum 3 rotates to align with the tea fruit directly below it, so that the upper and lower parts of the tea fruits can be cut.

[0059] During this process, with the help of the control component, the movable cutter 5 can first be fitted with the fixed cutter 4 so that the two are combined into a cutting knife. As the knife cylinder 3 continues to rotate, the cutting knife can cut a slit on the oil tea fruit shell; then the control component continues to control the movable cutter 5 to move away from the fixed cutter 4, so that the two can expand the slit in the process of moving away from each other, so that before the fixed cutter 4 is completely away from the oil tea fruit directly below it, the slit cutting and slit widening operations on the oil tea fruit can be completed; even if there are oil tea fruits with slightly smaller fruit diameters in the oil tea fruits of the same level after sorting, resulting in shallower slits, the subsequent slit widening operations will significantly increase the destructive effect of the slits on the fruit shell, making it convenient for the subsequent shelling roller to peel the shell so that the fruit shell can be cracked from the slits and widened slits, thereby effectively ensuring the subsequent seed and shell breaking quality and the subsequent separation quality.

[0060] Furthermore, as the knife drum 3 continues to rotate, the separated fixed cutter 4 and movable cutter 5 pass through the slag cleaning component, which can remove any residue that may be stuck between the two to avoid affecting the subsequent tightness of the two. This allows for continuous slitting and widening of the multiple oil-tea camellia fruits in the conveying channel 11, thereby achieving efficient shelling by the shelling mechanism.

[0061] In order to realize the automatic separation and bonding of the movable cutter 5, the shelling efficiency of the shelling mechanism is avoided from being affected.

[0062] In one possible embodiment, referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 5 , the above-mentioned control components include:

[0063] The control cylinder 61 is coaxially arranged in the knife cylinder 3 and is arranged to move synchronously with the knife cylinder 3. Multiple movable cutters 5 are fixed to the outer wall of the control cylinder 61. A movable groove 31 for the movable cutter 5 to extend is opened through the outer wall of the knife cylinder 3 corresponding to the fixed cutter 4, and the movable cutter 5 is slidably arranged in the movable groove 31. The control cylinder 61 and the knife cylinder 3 are arranged to move synchronously through a flat key and a keyway.

[0064] The linear drive member 62 has an output end rotationally connected to the control cylinder 61 . The linear drive member 62 can specifically be a cylinder, an electric push rod 644 , a cam mechanism, etc., as long as it can achieve high-frequency reciprocating linear motion of the control cylinder 61 .

[0065] The detection member is configured to: output a first detection signal before any fixed cutter 4 rotates to contact the closest oil-tea camellia fruit in the conveying channel 11, and output a second detection signal before the fixed cutter 4 rotates to be about to separate from the closest oil-tea camellia fruit; and;

[0066] The controller is controlled and connected to both the detection member and the linear drive member 62, and is configured to: when receiving a first detection signal from the detection member, control the linear drive member 62 to drive the control cylinder 61 to move so that the movable cutter 5 is in close contact with the fixed cutter 4; and when receiving a second detection signal from the detection member, control the linear drive member 62 to drive the control cylinder 61 to move so that the movable cutter 5 is away from the fixed cutter 4.

[0067] In one embodiment, the detection member is configured as an angle sensor. When the detection member detects that the knife drum 3 has rotated to a first angle, it outputs a first detection signal. When the detection member detects that the knife drum 3 has rotated to a second angle, it outputs a second detection signal. The first angle and the second angle correspond to the angle at which each fixed cutter 4 is about to contact the oil-tea camellia fruit directly below it and the angle at which it is about to move away from the oil-tea camellia fruit directly below it, respectively. In a specific configuration, each fixed cutter 4 corresponds to its own first angle and second angle, and after the knife drum 3 rotates 360°, the detection value of the angle sensor is reset to zero, so that each fixed cutter 4 can accurately output the first detection signal and the second detection signal when it rotates with the knife drum 3 to the corresponding first angle and second angle.

[0068] In another embodiment, referring to Figure 4 and Figure 5The detection part includes a first proximity sensor 631, a second proximity sensor 632 and a sensing block 633 used in conjunction with the two. A plurality of sensing blocks 633 corresponding to a plurality of fixed cutters 4 are installed on the knife cylinder 3. The first proximity sensor 631 and the second proximity sensor 632 are installed on both sides of the axis of the knife cylinder 3 on the shelling table 1. The second proximity sensor 632 and the first proximity sensor 631 are arranged in sequence along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 21; the first proximity sensor 631 and the second proximity sensor 632 can be Hall sensors or infrared sensors. If the Hall sensor is selected, the sensing block 633 is a permanent magnet.

[0069] When the sensing block 633 is aligned with the first proximity sensor 631, the first proximity sensor 631 outputs a first detection signal:

[0070] When the sensing block 633 is aligned with the second proximity sensor 632, the second proximity sensor 632 outputs a second detection signal. This embodiment is selected in this embodiment to explain the working principle of the control component.

[0071] Thus, when the driving component drives the knife drum 3 to rotate, the knife drum 3 drives multiple fixed cutters 4 and multiple movable cutters 5 to rotate synchronously. When the knife drum 3 rotates to the point where the sensing block 633 on one of the fixed cutters 4 is aligned with the first proximity sensor 631, the controller controls the linear drive member 62 to work, and the linear drive member 62 drives the control cylinder 61 to slide axially along the knife cylinder 3 in the knife drum 3, so that the movable cutter 5 fixed on the control cylinder 61 is close to and fits with the fixed cutter 4. At this time, the fixed cutter 4 and the movable cutter 5 form a cutting knife, which can cut a slit on the oil tea fruit directly below the knife drum 3 in the conveying channel 11 as the knife drum 3 continues to rotate.

[0072] When the knife drum 3 continues to rotate until the sensing block 633 on the fixed cutter 4 aligns with the second proximity sensor 632, the controller controls the linear drive member 62 to drive the control cylinder 61 to instantly move the movable cutter 5 away from the fixed cutter 4. At this time, the movable cutter 5 and the fixed cutter 4 are separated and the slit can be expanded. Similarly, as the knife drum 3 continues to rotate, when the sensing blocks 633 on different fixed cutters 4 correspond to the first proximity sensor 631 and the second proximity sensor 632, respectively, they can trigger the control cylinder 61 to operate, thereby achieving a single slitting and slitting operation, thereby ensuring a continuous cutting effect on the tea fruit continuously conveyed in the conveying channel 11.

[0073] In another possible embodiment, referring to Figure 6In addition to the above-mentioned control cylinder 61, a control rod 641 fixedly mounted on the shelling table 1 is coaxially arranged in the control cylinder 61. The end of the knife cylinder 3 away from the control rod 641 is closed, and a plurality of compression springs 642 are arranged between the closed end of the control cylinder 61 and the knife cylinder 3. When the control cylinder 61 moves until the movable cutter 5 is in contact with the fixed cutter 4, the compression spring 642 is in a compressed state; a wedge 643 arranged along the circular trajectory of the cross-section of the control cylinder 61 is fixedly connected to the end surface of the control rod 641 close to the control cylinder 61. The wedge 643 includes an inclined section 6431 and a horizontal section 6432. A plurality of push rods corresponding to the plurality of movable cutters 5 are fixedly connected to the end surface of the control cylinder 61 close to the control rod 641. 644. When the knife cylinder 3 rotates to the point where one of the push rods 644 on the control cylinder 61 conflicts with the inclined section 6431, as the knife cylinder 3 continues to rotate, the control cylinder 61 moves horizontally inside the knife cylinder 3, so that the movable cutter 5 tends to approach the fixed cutter 4; and when the knife cylinder 3 rotates to the point where the push rod 644 on the control cylinder 61 conflicts with the horizontal section 6432, the movable cutter 5 fits against the fixed cutter 4; when the knife cylinder 3 rotates to the point where the push rod 644 on the control cylinder 61 just breaks away from the horizontal section 6432, the deformation force of the multiple compression springs 642 drives the control cylinder 61 to move horizontally and reset, and causes the push rod 644 on the control cylinder 61 to conflict with the end face of the control rod 641. At this time, the movable cutter 5 is in contact with the fixed cutter 4.

[0074] Thus, through the rotation of the knife cylinder 3 and the control cylinder 61, when each movable cutter 5 and the fixed cutter 4 follow the knife cylinder 3 to rotate to the point where they are about to cut the oil-tea fruit directly below the knife cylinder 3, the control rod 641 on the control cylinder 61 corresponding to the movable cutter 5 contacts the starting portion of the horizontal section 6432 on the wedge 643, and the movable cutter 5 and the fixed cutter 4 fit together to form a cutting knife, so that as the control rod 641 slides on the horizontal section 6432, the cutting knife can stably cut the oil-tea fruit; and when the oil-tea fruit is about to be completely cut by the cutting knife, the control rod 641 disengages from the horizontal section 6432, so that the control cylinder 61, under the deformation force of the multiple compression springs 642, instantly drives the movable cutter 5 away from the fixed cutter 4 to complete the seam expansion operation. This arrangement can make the control component simple in structure, lower in cost, more responsive, and more precise in control process.

[0075] In addition, in order to ensure the cutting quality during the slitting process, on the one hand, the rotation direction of the knife drum 3 is opposite to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 21. Figure 4 The middle arrow indicates the direction shown, so that the cutting knife can cut the oil tea fruit more stably, which can avoid the occurrence of incomplete cutting; on the other hand, the free ends of the fixed cutter 4 and the movable cutter 5 are provided with an arc portion 41 extending away from the rotation direction of the knife cylinder 3, thereby increasing the effective contact area between the cutting knife and the oil tea fruit as much as possible, so as to extend the cutting length as much as possible and ensure the effective implementation of the seam expansion operation.

[0076] And, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The aforementioned slag cleaning components include a scraper 71 and a brush 72. The scraper 71 is fixed to the shelling table 1 and is located in the rotation path of the gap between the fixed cutter 4 and the movable cutter 5. The brush 72 is provided at one end of the scraper 71 close to the knife barrel 3 and flexibly abuts against the outside of the knife barrel 3. The scraper 71 is provided with a pointed end on the side facing the rotation direction of the knife barrel 3. It should also be clearly stated that when the scraper 71 is embedded in the gap between one group of fixed cutters 4 and movable cutters 5, the remaining fixed cutters 4 and movable cutters 5 are not in the slitting operation state, so as to avoid interference between the multiple fixed cutters 4 and movable cutters 5 controlled synchronously during the slitting and cleaning operations.

[0077] In this way, after the fixed cutter 4 and the movable cutter 5 complete the slitting and widening operations, as the knife drum 3 continues to rotate, the fixed cutter 4 and the movable cutter 5 rotate to the scraper 71, and the scraper 71 passes through the gap between the two relative to the two, and can clean the fitting sides of the two to ensure that the two can fit tightly in the future; the brush 72 on the scraper 71 cleans the movable groove 31 on the knife drum 3, and can also reduce the probability that the fixed cutter 4 and the movable cutter 5 cannot fit smoothly and tightly due to the presence of debris between the two.

[0078] In order to ensure the effective transportation of the oil tea fruits by the two conveyor belts 21 in the same group, Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a plurality of pressing air bags 81 corresponding to a plurality of conveyor belts 21 are fixedly connected to the shelling table 1. The pressing air bags 81 are located in the inner circle of the conveyor belt 21 and pressed against the inner side wall of the conveyor belt 21. The pressing air bags 81 and the inner side wall of the conveyor belt 21 are slidingly arranged. For example, a smooth plate 82 is arranged between the two. The smooth plate 82 is made of a material with a low friction coefficient such as ceramic, glass, stainless steel or PTFE. Thus, the setting of the pressing air bags 81 can ensure the pressing force between the two conveyor belts 21, so as to stably clamp the oil tea fruit in the conveying channel 11 and convey it; at the same time, the pressing air bags 81 can also adaptively adjust the gap between the two conveyor belts 21 to meet the stable clamping of oil tea fruit with slightly different fruit diameters among the same grade of tea fruit oil, so as to ensure the cutting effect of the upper cutting component and the lower cutting component.

[0079] At the same time, it can be further configured such that there is a speed difference between the two conveyor belts 21 on either side of the conveying channel 11, so that the oil-tea camellia fruits in the conveying channel 11 rotate to a certain extent while being conveyed. As a result, when the upper and lower cutting assemblies are cutting the oil-tea camellia fruits, the oil-tea camellia fruits rotate to a certain extent along their vertical central axis, so that the cuts made by the cutting blades on the oil-tea camellia fruits take on a curved shape, which can increase the actual length of the cuts to a certain extent, and can also partially cut the fibers on the oil-tea camellia fruit shells, and can also improve the quality of the subsequent seed and shell separation to a certain extent.

[0080] It should also be noted that the difference in conveying speed between the two conveyor belts 21 means that the rotation angle of the oil-tea fruit during the slitting operation shall not be greater than 90 degrees, so as not to affect the separation effect of the slitting on the oil-tea fruit shell.

[0081] The implementation principle of the oil-tea fruit grading, drying and shelling integrated machine in the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

[0082] After being picked, the tea fruits pass through the grading mechanism and the drying mechanism in turn, and the tea fruits of different fruit diameters are sorted into different conveying channels 11. These tea fruits are clamped and conveyed by two conveyor belts 21 in the conveying channel 11, so that multiple tea fruits of the same level are arranged in a row in the conveying channel 11 and conveyed in sequence. When the tea fruits are conveyed between the upper cutting component and the lower cutting component, the knife drum 3 is driven to rotate by the driving component, so that one of the groups of fixed cutters 4 thereon rotates to the point where it is about to align with the tea fruit just below the knife drum 3. Under the action of the control component, the corresponding movable cutter 5 is fitted with the fixed cutter 4 to form a cutting knife. Therefore, as the knife drum 3 continues to rotate, the cutting knife can cut a slit on the shell of the tea fruit.

[0083] Then, as the knife drum 3 continues to rotate, the control component further drives the movable cutter 5 away from the fixed cutter 4, so that the two expand the cut seam in the process of moving away from each other, so that before the fixed cutter 4 is completely away from the oil-tea fruit directly below it, the cutting and widening operations of the oil-tea fruit can be completed; even if there are oil-tea fruits with slightly smaller fruit diameters in the oil-tea fruit of the same level after sorting, resulting in shallower cut seams, the subsequent widening operation will significantly increase the damaging effect of the cut seam on the fruit shell, making it convenient for the fruit shell to crack from the cut seam and the widened seam when the shelling roller is peeling the fruit, thereby effectively ensuring the subsequent seed and shell breaking quality and the subsequent separation quality.

[0084] Furthermore, as the knife drum 3 continues to rotate, the separated fixed cutter 4 and movable cutter 5 pass through the scraper 71 and brush 72, which can remove any residue that may be stuck between them, so as not to affect the subsequent tightness of the closure between the two. This allows for continuous slitting and widening of the multiple oil-tea camellia fruits in the conveying channel 11, thereby achieving efficient shelling by the shelling mechanism.

[0085] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which this application belongs. The words "first", "second", "third" and similar terms used in the specification and claims of this application do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "one" or "a" do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the existence of at least one. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before "include" or "comprises" cover the elements or objects listed after "include" or "comprises" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0086] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A machine for grading, drying and shelling oil-tea fruit, comprising a grading mechanism, a drying mechanism, a shelling mechanism and a separating mechanism arranged in sequence, characterized in that: The shelling mechanism includes a shelling table and a plurality of conveyor belts arranged on the shelling table. The gap between two adjacent conveyor belts forms a tea fruit conveying channel. The feed end of the conveying channel is connected to the output end of the drying mechanism, and the discharge end is connected to the input end of the separation mechanism. An upper cutting assembly and a lower cutting assembly corresponding to the conveying channel are respectively provided above and below the shelling table. The upper cutting assembly and the lower cutting assembly both include: A knife cylinder is rotatably arranged on the shelling table, and its axial direction is orthogonal to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt; A plurality of fixed cutters are provided and fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the arc surface of the knife barrel; There are multiple movable cutters, which correspond to the multiple fixed cutters one by one. The movable cutters are movably arranged on the knife cylinder. When the movable cutters are tightly fitted with the fixed cutters, they form a cutting knife for cutting the oil-tea camellia fruits in the conveying channel. a control component configured to, when the knife drum rotates to the fixed cutter to cut the oil-tea fruit, first control the movable cutter to fit with the fixed cutter to cut a slit, and then control the movable cutter to move away from the fixed cutter to enlarge the slit; and A driving component, used for driving the knife cylinder to rotate; The control component includes: A control cylinder is coaxially disposed in the knife cylinder, and a plurality of movable cutters are fixedly connected to an outer wall of the control cylinder. A movable groove for extending the movable cutters is formed through the outer wall of the knife cylinder at a position corresponding to the fixed cutters, and the movable cutters are slidably disposed in the movable groove. a linear drive member, the output end of which is rotationally connected to the control cylinder; The detection member is configured to: output a first detection signal before any of the fixed cutters rotates to contact the closest oil-tea fruit in the conveying channel, and output a second detection signal before the fixed cutter rotates to be about to separate from the closest oil-tea fruit; and The controller is control-connected to both the detection member and the linear drive member, and is configured to: upon receiving the first detection signal, control the linear drive member to drive the control cylinder to move so that the movable cutter is in close contact with the fixed cutter; and upon receiving the second detection signal, control the linear drive member to drive the control cylinder to move so that the movable cutter is away from the fixed cutter.

2. The oil-tea camellia fruit grading, drying and shelling all-in-one machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The slag cleaning component is configured to clean the contact side of the fixed cutter and the movable cutter when the knife cylinder rotates until the fixed cutter is away from the conveying channel after cutting the oil-tea fruit.

3. The oil-tea fruit grading, drying and shelling integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detecting member is configured as an angle sensor, which outputs a first detection signal when the detecting member detects that the knife cylinder rotates to a first angle, and outputs a second detection signal when the detecting member detects that the knife cylinder rotates to a second angle.

4. The oil-tea fruit grading, drying and shelling integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection element includes a first proximity sensor, a second proximity sensor and a sensing block used in conjunction with the first proximity sensor and the second proximity sensor. A plurality of sensing blocks corresponding to the plurality of fixed cutters are installed on the knife drum. The first proximity sensor and the second proximity sensor are installed on both sides of the knife drum axis on the shelling table. The second proximity sensor and the first proximity sensor are arranged in sequence along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt. When the sensing block is aligned with the first proximity sensor, the first proximity sensor outputs a first detection signal: When the sensing block is aligned with the second proximity sensor, the second proximity sensor outputs a second detection signal.

5. The oil-tea fruit grading, drying and shelling all-in-one machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation direction of the knife drum is opposite to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt.

6. The oil-tea fruit grading, drying and shelling integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The free ends of the fixed cutter and the movable cutter are both provided with arc portions extending away from the rotation direction of the knife cylinder.

7. The oil-tea camellia fruit grading, drying and shelling all-in-one machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slag cleaning component includes a scraper and a brush. The scraper is located on the rotation path of the gap between the fixed cutter and the movable cutter. The brush is arranged at one end of the scraper close to the knife cylinder and flexibly abuts against the outside of the knife cylinder. The scraper is provided with a pointed end on the side facing the rotation direction of the knife cylinder.

8. The oil-tea camellia fruit grading, drying and shelling all-in-one machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: A plurality of pressing air bags corresponding to the plurality of conveyor belts are fixedly connected to the shelling table. The pressing air bags are located in the inner circle of the conveyor belt and pressed against the inner side wall of the conveyor belt.

9. The oil-tea camellia fruit grading, drying and shelling all-in-one machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: There is a speed difference between the conveying speeds of the two conveyor belts on both sides of the conveying channel, so that the oil-tea camellia fruits in the conveying channel rotate to a certain extent when being conveyed.

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