Overhaul welding method and plate for railway vehicle closed box type structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of railway vehicles, and provides a maintenance welding method for a railway vehicle closed box type structure and a plate, the maintenance welding method for the railway vehicle closed box type structure comprises the steps that a reinforcing plate is arranged on the side face, facing a cross beam, of a side beam, and a gap is formed between the reinforcing plate and a connector of the cross beam; driving the base plate to move along the gap through the mounting rod until the base plate is inserted into the closed space from the open space; rotating the base plate in the closed space from the side beam to the cross beam until the first plate part of the base plate is in contact with the joint of the cross beam; driving the base plate to move towards the side beam through the mounting rod until the second plate part of the base plate contacts the surface of the side beam; separating the mounting rod from the base plate; and a through groove defined by the reinforcing plate, the base plate and the connector of the cross beam is welded. Through cooperation of the mounting rod and the base plate, the quick mounting and convenient and controllable base plate mounting effect is achieved, the mounting process is controlled while it is guaranteed that the back of a weld joint is formed, meanwhile, a technological method for quickly repairing the reinforcing plate under the overhaul working condition is formed, and the welding quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of rail vehicles and provides a maintenance welding method and a plate material of a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The installation space of the welding pad under the side beam reinforcement plate is narrow, and the position and state of the pad after installation are not controlled. With the continuous increase in the speed level of high-speed trains, the operating range of vehicles is also expanding. The impact, fatigue and corrosion that vehicles are subjected to during operation are becoming more severe. In order to increase the service life of vehicles and ensure the safety of vehicle operation, it is necessary to add a reinforcement plate to the original body part during vehicle maintenance. Because the vehicle has been formed during maintenance, the processing and welding of the reinforcement plate welding joints need to be completed under the vehicle.

[0003] The welding between the reinforcement plate and the original vehicle body usually adds a welding pad to ensure the quality of penetration. Under vehicle maintenance conditions, especially in the vehicle cavity area, there are quality risks such as the welding pad cannot be installed due to small space, the pad is not installed properly, or the pad is uncontrollably left in the cavity after installation, causing abnormal noise in the vehicle. Therefore, the installation of the pad under maintenance conditions is extremely difficult. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present invention provides a maintenance welding method and plate for a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle, which is used to solve one of the defects in the related art. Through the cooperation of the installation rod and the pad, a quick installation, convenient and controllable pad installation effect is achieved, and the back of the weld is formed while the installation process is controlled. At the same time, a process method for quickly repairing the reinforcement plate under maintenance conditions is formed, thereby improving the welding quality.

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a maintenance welding method for a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle, wherein the closed box-type structure comprises: a side beam and a cross beam, wherein the side beam is opposite to the cross beam and is arranged perpendicular to each other, and the cross beam divides a space into a closed space and an open space along an extension direction of the side beam; The method comprises: Arrange a reinforcing plate on a side of the side beam facing the cross beam, with a gap between the joint of the reinforcing plate and the cross beam; The backing plate is driven to move along the gap by the mounting rod until the backing plate is inserted from the open space into the closed space; Rotate the pad in the enclosed space from the side beam toward the cross beam until the first plate portion of the pad contacts the joint of the cross beam; The mounting rod drives the backing plate to move toward the side beam until the second plate portion of the backing plate contacts the surface of the side beam; separating the mounting rod from the backing plate; The joints among the reinforcing plate, the pad and the cross beam are welded.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present invention, before separating the mounting rod from the backing plate, the method further comprises: The joints of the backing plate, the reinforcing plate and the cross beam are connected by tack welding, and the welding point of the tack welding is located between the end of the backing plate along the length direction and the mounting rod.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, before the mounting rod drives the backing plate to move along the gap, the method further comprises: The joint of the cross beam is beveled to form the gap between the surface of the bevel and the surface of the reinforcing plate, and the width of the gap gradually increases from the closed space to the open space.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the groove includes a bevel and a curved surface, the curved surface is a surface that is gradually recessed in the direction from the closed space to the open space away from the reinforcing plate, the curved surface and the bevel are smoothly transitioned and connected in sequence along the direction from the closed space to the open space, and the angle of the groove is between 25° and 30°.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the through grooves formed by the joints between the reinforcing plate, the pad and the cross beam are welded by three layers and three passes.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting rod is a deformable plastic rod body suitable for switching between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the mounting rod is connected to the pad, and in the second state, the mounting rod is deformed and separated from the pad.

[0011] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a repair welding plate for a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle, which is applied to the repair welding method for the closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle as described above, comprising: A first plate portion and a second plate portion connected in sequence along a width direction of the backing plate; The first plate portion is adapted to contact the joint of the beam; The second plate portion is adapted to contact the reinforcing plate; The thickness of the pad is smaller than the gap between the joint of the reinforcing plate and the crossbeam; The first plate portion is provided with a through hole extending along the thickness direction of the backing plate; The through hole is suitable for being detachably connected to the mounting rod.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second plate portion contacts a joint of the crossbeam, and an inner diameter of the through hole gradually decreases from the open space to the closed space.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the minimum aperture of the through hole is 1.5 to 2.5 times the diameter of the mounting rod.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pad is provided with a recess on a surface facing the cross beam, so that the thickness of the second plate portion is greater than the thickness of the first plate portion.

[0015] The above one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: The maintenance welding method for the closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: after the reinforcement plate is installed in place on the side beam, a gap is formed between the joint of the reinforcement plate and the cross beam, a pad is placed from the open space into the closed space from the gap position by means of an installation rod, and then the position of the pad relative to the joint of the reinforcement plate and the cross beam is adjusted, specifically, the pad is rotated from the side beam position to the cross beam position, and after the first plate portion of the pad is placed on the joint surface of the cross beam, the pad is pulled toward the side beam by means of the installation rod, so that the second plate portion of the pad is abutted against the reinforcement plate, thereby forming a structure similar to a through groove surrounded by the joint of the reinforcement plate, the pad and the cross beam after the pad position adjustment is completed, and finally the installation rod is removed, and the through groove position is welded, thereby completing the maintenance welding of the closed box-type structure of the rail vehicle.

[0016] Based on the inspection and repair working conditions of the reinforcement plate structure of the rail vehicle, the present invention designs a welding method that adapts to the repair working conditions. Through the cooperation of the installation rod and the pad, a quick installation, convenient and controllable pad installation effect is achieved, ensuring the back forming of the weld while realizing the controllable installation process. At the same time, a process method for quickly repairing the reinforcement plate under maintenance conditions is formed, thereby improving the welding quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the original closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle in the prior art; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle after overhaul in the prior art; Figure 3It is a structural schematic diagram of the closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle in the prior art in the maintenance state; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 An enlarged view of a part A; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle in the prior art in which a backing plate is not installed in place during the overhaul welding; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a closed space in which a pad is left behind during the inspection and welding of a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle in the prior art; Figure 7a This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the groove design process of the joint of the beam provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7b This is a second structural schematic diagram of a groove design process of a joint of a beam provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7c This is a third structural schematic diagram of the groove design process of the joint of the beam provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8a It is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the pad provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8b This is the second structural schematic diagram of the pad provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8c yes Figure 8a An enlarged view of a local part I; Figure 9a This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the connection between the pad and the mounting rod provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9b This is a second structural schematic diagram of the connection between the pad and the mounting rod provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 is a flow chart of a method for repairing and welding a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11a This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the process of placing a pad into a closed space provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11b This is the second structural schematic diagram of the process of placing the pad into a closed space provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11c This is the third structural schematic diagram of the process of placing the pad into a closed space provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11d This is a fourth structural schematic diagram of the process of placing a pad into a closed space provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12a It is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the pad position adjustment process provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12bThis is the second structural schematic diagram of the pad position adjustment process provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.13a It is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the pad positioning process provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Fig.13b This is the second structural schematic diagram of the pad positioning process provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Fig.14a This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of removing the mounting rod provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Fig.14b This is the second structural schematic diagram of removing the mounting rod provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Fig.15 It is a macroscopic metallographic image of the welding position after the maintenance welding of the closed box-type structure of a railway vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Reference numerals: 110, side beam; 120, cross beam; 121, groove; 122, inclined surface; 123, curved surface; 130, closed space; 140, open space; 200, reinforcement plate; 300, pad; 310, first plate portion; 311, through hole; 320, second plate portion; 330, recess; 400, mounting rod; 410, bending section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0023] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0024] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0025] The original closed box structure of the rail vehicle is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the existing closed box structure after overhaul is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the original weld (weld 1) needs to be removed on the basis of the original closed box structure of the rail vehicle, and a reinforcing plate 200 is added. The welding structure of the reinforcing plate 200 is a new weld (weld 2) formed by a T-BW joint. To ensure the welding quality, a permanent pad 300 needs to be added before welding weld 2.

[0026] The welding operation space of the reinforcement plate 200 welding structure is analyzed. Figure 3 As shown, the upper part of the base material of the cross beam 120 of the original closed box structure of the vehicle is a closed space 130, and welding guns, tools, etc. cannot operate in the closed space 130. The lower part of the base material of the cross beam 120 of the original closed box structure of the vehicle is an open space 140, as shown in FIG. Figure 4As shown, the installation and welding of the backing plate 300 are both performed in the lower open space 140 .

[0027] Therefore, the following problems exist when conventional welding pads 300 are used in the maintenance welding work of the existing closed box-type structure: 1. The pad 300 cannot be normally placed in the closed space 130; 2. If Figure 5 As shown, the pad 300 cannot be installed in place after being placed in the closed space 130, and the pad 300 cannot be closely attached to the base materials of the reinforcing plate 200 and the beam 120; 3. If Figure 6 As shown, the position of the pad 300 after being placed in the closed space 130 is not controlled, and it is easy to fall into the closed space 130, causing abnormal operation of the vehicle.

[0028] An embodiment of the present invention provides a maintenance welding method for a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle, wherein the closed box-type structure includes a side beam 110 and a cross beam 120, wherein the side beam 110 and the cross beam 120 are arranged opposite to each other and perpendicular to each other, and the cross beam 120 divides the space into a closed space 130 and an open space 140 along the extension direction of the side beam 110, and the method includes: The reinforcing plate 200 is arranged on a side of the side beam 110 facing the cross beam 120, and a gap is formed between the joint of the reinforcing plate 200 and the cross beam 120; The backing plate 300 is driven to move along the gap by the mounting rod 400 until the backing plate 300 is inserted from the open space 140 into the closed space 130 ; Rotate the backing plate 300 from the side beam 110 to the cross beam 120 in the closed space 130 until the first plate portion 310 of the backing plate 300 contacts the joint of the cross beam 120 ; The backing plate 300 is driven to move toward the side beam 110 by the mounting rod 400 until the second plate portion 320 of the backing plate 300 contacts the surface of the side beam 110 ; Separate the mounting rod 400 from the backing plate 300; The joints between the reinforcing plate 200 , the backing plate 300 and the crossbeam 120 are welded.

[0029] In the inspection and welding method for the closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle provided by the embodiment of the present invention, after the reinforcing plate 200 is installed in place on the side beam 110, a gap is formed between the joint of the reinforcing plate 200 and the cross beam 120, and the backing plate 300 is placed from the open space 140 into the closed space 130 through the installation rod 400 from the gap position, and then the position of the backing plate 300 relative to the joint of the reinforcing plate 200 and the cross beam 120 is adjusted, specifically, the backing plate 300 is rotated from the position of the side beam 110 to the position of the cross beam 120, and the backing plate 300 is rotated from the position of the side beam 110 to the position of the cross beam 120. After the first plate portion 310 of 00 falls on the joint surface of the cross beam 120, the pad 300 is pulled toward the side beam 110 through the mounting rod 400, so that the second plate portion 320 of the pad 300 abuts against the reinforcing plate 200. Thus, after the position adjustment of the pad 300 is completed, a through groove-like structure is formed between the joint of the reinforcing plate 200, the pad 300 and the cross beam 120. Finally, the mounting rod 400 is removed and the through groove position is welded, thereby completing the inspection and welding of the closed box-type structure of the rail vehicle.

[0030] Based on the inspection and repair working condition of the rail vehicle reinforcement plate 200 structure, the present invention designs a welding method that adapts to the repair working condition. Through the cooperation of the installation rod 400 and the pad 300, a quick installation, convenient and controllable pad 300 installation effect is achieved, ensuring the back forming of the weld while realizing the controllable installation process. At the same time, a process method for quickly repairing the reinforcement plate 200 under maintenance conditions is formed, thereby improving the welding quality.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present invention, before separating the mounting rod 400 from the backing plate 300, the method further includes: The joints of the backing plate 300 , the reinforcing plate 200 and the crossbeam 120 are connected by tack welding, and the welding points of the tack welding are located between the ends of the backing plate 300 along the length direction thereof and the mounting rod 400 .

[0032] In this embodiment, after the pad 300 is adjusted in the closed space 130, the pad 300 can be positioned between the reinforcing plate 200 and the cross beam 120 to avoid displacement of the pad 300 during the removal of the mounting rod 400 when the mounting rod 400 is separated from the pad 300. Positioning is performed by positioning welding, and the welding point is located between the end of the pad 300 and the mounting rod 400 close to the end, that is, the pad 300 can be welded and positioned at the positions of both ends of the length direction before the joints between the reinforcing plate 200 and the cross beam 120, and after removing the mounting rod 400, the through-groove is welded as a whole.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the present invention, before the backing plate 300 is driven to move along the gap by the mounting rod 400, the method further includes: The joint of the cross beam 120 is processed with a groove 121 , and a gap is formed between the surface of the groove 121 and the surface of the reinforcing plate 200 , and the width of the gap gradually increases along the direction from the closed space 130 to the open space 140 .

[0034] In this embodiment, before installing the pad 300, the joint of the beam 120 is first processed into a groove 121 suitable for the installation of the pad 300. The surface of the groove 121 is the joint end face of the beam 120, and the space between the joint end face and the side of the reinforcing plate 200 is the gap through which the pad 300 passes when entering the closed space 130. In order to improve the reliability of the installation rod 400 controlling the movement and installation of the pad 300 and to ensure the quality of welding penetration, the shape of the groove 121 is designed to be an expansion shape from the closed space 130 to the open space 140, that is, the through groove surrounded by the joint of the reinforcing plate 200, the pad 300 and the beam 120 is designed to be an expansion shape.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the groove 121 includes a slope 122 and a curved surface 123. The curved surface 123 is a surface that is gradually recessed 330 in the direction from the closed space 130 to the open space 140 in the direction away from the reinforcing plate 200. The curved surface 123 and the slope 122 are smoothly transitioned and connected in sequence in the direction from the closed space 130 to the open space 140. The angle of the groove 121 is between 25° and 30°.

[0036] In this embodiment, the position of the groove 121 close to the closed space 130 is the root of the groove 121, and the position of the groove 121 close to the open space 140 is the bottom of the groove 121. The moving direction of the pad 300 at the groove 121 is from the bottom of the groove 121 to the root of the groove 121. The groove 121 smoothly transitions from the root to the bottom through the arc surface 123 and the inclined surface 122 in sequence, and the angle of the groove 121 is the angle formed by the inclined surface 122 and the surface of the reinforcing plate 200.

[0037] In this embodiment, the groove 121 is designed to adapt to the welding of the reinforcing plate 200 under maintenance conditions. The design process of the groove 121 of the newly added weld (weld 2) is as follows: Figure 7a , Figure 7b and Figure 7c shown.

[0038] The joint of the conventional cross beam 120 and the reinforcing plate 200 forms a T-shaped butt weld, such as Figure 7a As shown, the groove 121 is in the form of an HV joint, the angle of the groove 121 is 55°~60°, and the root gap is relatively small, 0~2 mm, so the pad 300 cannot pass through the root gap to enter the closed space 130 for installation.

[0039] In order to adapt to the welding of welds under maintenance conditions, the installation space of the backing plate 300 is increased, and the gap of the groove 121 is increased, such as Figure 7bAs shown, after the gap of groove 121 is increased, the welding filling amount is further increased.

[0040] The groove 121 is further optimized, such as Figure 7c As shown, the groove 121 is a finalized J-shaped small-filled large-gap form, and the bottom of the groove 121 is open and smooth, which reduces the risk of unmelted welding of the joint of the beam 120 at the root of the groove 121. The root gap of the groove 121 is relatively large, and the width b of the root gap is designed according to the thickness of the pad 300, generally increasing 0~1mm on the basis of the thickness t3 of the pad 300. Taking the most common 4mm thick pad 300 as an example, the width b of the root of the groove 121 is 4mm~5mm.

[0041] The angle of groove 121 is small, generally 25°~30°, the welding filling amount is small, and the welding deformation is small. Taking the joint thickness t2=12mm of beam 120 as an example, compared with Figure 7b The weld shown, Figure 7c The number of welding layers is reduced by 50%, from 3 layers and 6 passes to 3 layers and 3 passes, and the welding filling volume can be reduced by 23%, from 280.5mm² to 215.7mm².

[0042] Figure 7b and Figure 7c The comparison of the two joint forms is shown in Table 1 below.

[0043] Table 1 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the through grooves formed by the joints of the reinforcing plate 200, the backing plate 300 and the cross beam 120 are welded by three layers and three passes.

[0044] In this embodiment, the angle of the groove 121 is relatively small, generally 25-30 degrees, the welding filling amount is small, and the welding deformation is small. Taking the joint thickness t2 of the beam 120 as an example, compared with Figure 7b The weld shown, Figure 7c The number of welding layers is reduced by 50%, from 3 layers and 6 passes to 3 layers and 3 passes, and the welding filling volume can be reduced by 23%, from 280.5mm² to 215.7mm².

[0045] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting rod 400 is a deformable plastic rod body, suitable for switching between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the mounting rod 400 is connected to the pad 300, and in the second state, the mounting rod 400 is deformed and separated from the pad 300.

[0046] In this embodiment, in order to control the specific position of the pad 300 during the installation process, the pad 300 is installed by using the mounting rod 400 to connect the pad 300 for coordination control. Figure 9a and Figure 9b As shown, the mounting rod 400 is generally made of a deformable plastic material, and the aluminum alloy welding wire commonly used in welding manufacturing sites can be used as the mounting rod 400.

[0047] In this embodiment, the side beam 110 is arranged in the vertical direction, and the cross beam 120 is arranged in the horizontal direction, so the closed space 130 is above the cross beam 120, and the open space 140 is below the cross beam 120. The length direction of the pad 300 is its extension direction, and the width direction of the pad 300 is the direction in which the side beam 110 and the cross beam 120 are connected.

[0048] like Fig.10 As shown, the method for installing and welding the pad 300 is divided into 5 steps in total: the first step is preparing the groove 121, the second step is controlling the pad 300 to be placed in the closed space 130, the third step is adjusting the position of the pad 300, the fourth step is fixing the pad 300 and removing the mounting rod 400, and the fifth step is welding the joint.

[0049] (1) Bevel 121 preparation: To achieve the installation of the pad 300 and the small filling amount welding of the joint, follow Figure 7c and Table 1 for preparation of groove 121.

[0050] (2) The backing plate 300 is placed in the closed space 130: Fig.11a As shown, the pad 300 is placed along the bottom side of the groove 121 below the root of the groove 121, as shown in FIG. Fig.11b As shown, the mounting rod 400 connects the pad 300 and guides the pad 300 to move, controls the posture of the pad 300, and rotates the pad 300 toward the position of the reinforcing plate 200 until the width direction of the pad 300 extends in the vertical direction, as shown in FIG. Fig.11c and 11d As shown, the mounting rod 400 is used to move the backing plate 300 upward through the root of the groove 121 , and the backing plate 300 stops when it moves to be flush with the root of the groove 121 .

[0051] (3) Adjustment of the position of the pad 300: Fig.12a As shown, after the pad 300 is placed in the closed space 130, the pad 300 is controlled to automatically flip toward the position of the beam 120 in the vertical state, and finally the first plate portion 310 of the pad 300 contacts the beam 120, and the pad 300 is in a horizontal state, as shown in FIG. Figure 12b As shown, the mounting rod 400 is used to move the backing plate 300 close to the position of the reinforcing plate 200 , so that the second plate portion 320 of the backing plate 300 is closely attached to the reinforcing plate 200 .

[0052] (4) Fixing the pad 300 and removing the mounting rod 400: After the pad 300 is moved to a suitable position, the pad 300 is fixed to the welded joint formed by the joint of the cross beam 120 and the reinforcing plate 200 by positioning welding, such as Fig.13a and13b As shown, the tack welding position is located between the end of the mounting rod 400 and the backing plate 300, and the distance from the end position is s=1 / 2f. Fig.14a and Fig.14b As shown, after the pad 300 is positioned, the mounting rod 400 is pulled down. Since the material of the mounting rod 400 is relatively soft (generally aluminum alloy welding wire used on site), after pulling down, the pad 300 is fixed, and the end of the mounting rod 400 changes from a right-angle bend to an obtuse-angle bend. At this time, the mounting rod 400 can be detached from the pad 300, thereby realizing the removal of the mounting rod 400.

[0053] (5) Welding of welding joints: After the mounting rod 400 is removed, the joint is welded using the three-layer three-pass welding process shown in Table 1. Taking the aluminum plate with a thickness of t2 = 12 mm as an example, after welding, the macroscopic metallographic structure of the joint is as follows: Fig.15 shown.

[0054] like Figure 8a , Figure 8b and Figure 8c As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a maintenance welding plate for a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle, which is applied to a maintenance welding method for a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle as in the above-mentioned embodiment, and comprises a first plate portion 310 and a second plate portion 320 sequentially connected along the width direction of a pad 300, wherein the first plate portion 310 is suitable for contacting with the joint of a cross beam 120, and the second plate portion 320 is suitable for contacting with a reinforcing plate 200, and the thickness of the pad 300 is smaller than the gap between the joint of the reinforcing plate 200 and the cross beam 120, and the first plate portion 310 is provided with a through hole 311 extending along the thickness direction of the pad 300, and the through hole 311 is suitable for detachably connecting with a mounting rod 400.

[0055] The maintenance welding plate of the closed box-type structure of the rail vehicle in the embodiment of the present invention is divided into a first plate portion 310 and a second plate portion 320 in the width direction. A through hole 311 is provided on the second plate portion 320 for detachable connection of the mounting rod 400, thereby facilitating the installation operation of the pad 300 and the pad 300. The thickness of the pad 300 is less than the width of the gap, ensuring that the pad 300 can smoothly enter the closed space 130. Under the condition of the repair of the reinforcing plate 200, the design requirements of the welding groove 121 are considered, the control of the joint gap is increased, and the groove 121 gap is designed according to the thickness of the pad 300. The present invention designs a welding pad 300 that is quick to install, convenient and controllable, which can achieve the controlled installation process while ensuring the back of the weld is formed, and cooperates with the process flow method of the pad 300 installation and welding to ensure the feasibility of the welding process and the reliable control of the welding quality.

[0056] In this embodiment, a plurality of through holes 311 are disposed on the second plate portion 320 . The plurality of through holes 311 are sequentially arranged in the length direction of the pad 300 body, and each through hole 311 is connected to a corresponding mounting rod 400 .

[0057] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second plate portion 320 contacts the joint of the beam 120 , and the inner diameter of the through hole 311 gradually decreases along the direction from the open space 140 to the closed space 130 .

[0058] In this embodiment, the through hole 311 penetrates the second plate portion 320 along the thickness direction of the pad 300, and the bent section 410 of the mounting rod 400 passes through the through hole 311 from one side of the second plate portion 320 to the other side of the second plate portion 320, and the aperture of the through hole 311 gradually decreases along the passing direction of the mounting rod 400, thereby forming a tapered through hole 311. When the second plate portion 320 contacts the joint surface of the beam 120, the pad 300 is in a horizontal state, and at this time, the tapered through hole 311 is a through hole 311 whose aperture gradually decreases from bottom to top.

[0059] In order to control the specific position of the pad 300 during installation, the pad 300 is used with the mounting rod 400 inserted into the through hole 311. The tapered through hole 311 enables the mounting rod 400 to maintain a certain rotation range in the through hole 311 after being inserted into the through hole 311, so that it is easy to control the pad 300 to tilt and adjust the posture within a certain angle, and it is convenient to control the movement and installation of the pad 300.

[0060] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the minimum diameter of the through hole 311 is 1.5 to 2.5 times the diameter of the mounting rod 400 .

[0061] In this embodiment, the key design dimensions of the pad 300 and the mounting rod 400 are the diameter d1 of the through hole 311, the vertical distance n between the through hole 311 and the side extending along the length direction of the second plate portion 320, and the diameter d2 of the mounting rod 400, wherein the diameter d2 of the mounting rod 400 can be 1.2 mm or 1.6 mm.

[0062] To ensure that after the mounting rod 400 passes through the through hole 311, it can effectively control the pad 300 and meet the requirements of the subsequent controlled flipping of the pad 300, the diameter d1 of the through hole 311 of the pad 300 is twice the diameter d2 of the mounting rod 400, generally 2.4 mm or 3.2 mm; the through hole 311 of the pad 300 adopts a conical hole design, and the maximum diameter side of the conical through hole 311 is the recess 330 of the pad 300; the vertical distance n between the through hole 311 and the side extending along the length direction of the second plate portion 320 is also twice the diameter d2 of the mounting rod 400, generally 2.4 mm or 3.2 mm.

[0063] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a recess 330 is provided on the surface of the backing plate 300 body facing the crossbeam 120 , so that the thickness of the second plate portion 320 is greater than the thickness of the first plate portion 310 .

[0064] In this embodiment, the pad 300 adopts the form of a side recess 330. The setting of the recess 330 can divide the pad 300 into a second plate portion 320 with a larger thickness and a first plate portion 310 with a smaller thickness. When the pad 300 enters the closed space 130 and is in a vertical state, the side of the first plate portion 310 flush with the second plate portion 320 is close to the reinforcing plate 200, and the side of the first plate portion 310 and the second plate portion 320 that is misaligned due to the recess 330 is close to the crossbeam 120, so Compared with the first plate portion 310, the center of gravity of the second plate portion 320 is biased towards the beam 120. The second plate portion 320 is located above the first plate portion 310, so the upper part of the pad 300 is heavier, which is conducive to the automatic flipping of the pad 300 in this state, and can automatically complete the rotation to the direction where the beam 120 is located. Finally, the pad 300 is in a flat state. The position of the pad 300 is moved by using the mounting rod 400, and the first plate portion 310 of the pad 300 is tightly attached to the reinforcing plate 200.

[0065] In addition, when the backing plate 300 is in a horizontal state in the closed space 130, the recess 330 on the backing plate 300 is arranged in coordination with the groove 121 and is located above the root of the groove 121, which can also ensure the back of the weld is formed.

[0066] The dimensions of the pad 300 and the control rod are shown in Table 2 below, and are determined by the thickness of the crossbeam 120 at the location that needs to be welded on site.

[0067] Table 2

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A maintenance welding method for a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle, characterized in that: The closed box-type structure comprises: a side beam (110) and a cross beam (120), the side beam (110) and the cross beam (120) being arranged opposite to each other and perpendicular to each other, and the cross beam (120) dividing a space into a closed space (130) and an open space (140) along an extension direction of the side beam (110); The method comprises: Arranging a reinforcing plate (200) on a side surface of the side beam (110) facing the cross beam (120), with a gap between the joint of the reinforcing plate (200) and the cross beam (120); The backing plate (300) is driven to move along the gap by means of a mounting rod (400) until the backing plate (300) is inserted from the open space (140) into the closed space (130); Rotating the pad (300) in the closed space (130) from the side beam (110) toward the cross beam (120) until the first plate portion (310) of the pad (300) contacts the joint of the cross beam (120); The mounting rod (400) drives the pad (300) to move toward the side beam (110) until the second plate portion (320) of the pad (300) contacts the surface of the side beam (110); separating the mounting rod (400) from the backing plate (300); The joints between the reinforcing plate (200), the pad (300) and the crossbeam (120) are welded.

2. The repair welding method for a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before separating the mounting rod (400) from the backing plate (300), the method further comprises: The joints of the backing plate (300), the reinforcing plate (200) and the crossbeam (120) are connected by positioning welding, and the welding point of the positioning welding is located between the end of the backing plate (300) along its length direction and the mounting rod (400).

3. The repair welding method for a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Before the mounting rod (400) drives the backing plate (300) to move along the gap, the method further comprises: A groove (121) is formed on the joint of the crossbeam (120), and the gap is formed between the surface of the groove (121) and the surface of the reinforcing plate (200), and the width of the gap gradually increases along the direction from the closed space (130) to the open space (140).

4. The repair welding method for a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The groove (121) comprises an inclined surface (122) and a curved surface (123); the curved surface (123) is a surface that is gradually recessed (330) in a direction away from the reinforcing plate (200) along a direction from the closed space (130) to the open space (140); the curved surface (123) and the inclined surface (122) are smoothly transitioned and connected in sequence along a direction from the closed space (130) to the open space (140); and the angle of the groove (121) is between 25° and 30°.

5. The repair welding method for a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The through grooves formed by the joints of the reinforcing plate (200), the pad plate (300) and the crossbeam (120) are welded by three layers and three passes.

6. The repair welding method for a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting rod (400) is a deformable plastic rod body, suitable for switching between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the mounting rod (400) is connected to the backing plate (300), and in the second state, the mounting rod (400) is deformed and separated from the backing plate (300).

7. A repair welding plate for a closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle, characterized in that: The repair welding method for the closed box-type structure of a rail vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises: A first plate portion (310) and a second plate portion (320) connected in sequence along a width direction of the backing plate (300); The first plate portion (310) is adapted to contact a joint of the crossbeam (120); The second plate portion (320) is suitable for contacting the reinforcing plate (200); The thickness of the pad (300) is smaller than the gap between the joint of the reinforcing plate (200) and the crossbeam (120); The first plate portion (310) is provided with a through hole (311) extending along the thickness direction of the pad (300); The through hole (311) is suitable for being detachably connected to the mounting rod (400).

8. The repair welding plate for the closed box-type structure of a railway vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second plate portion (320) contacts a joint of the crossbeam (120), and the inner diameter of the through hole (311) gradually decreases along a direction from the open space (140) to the closed space (130).

9. The repair welding plate for the closed box-type structure of a railway vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The minimum hole diameter of the through hole (311) is 1.5 to 2.5 times the diameter of the mounting rod (400).

10. The repair welding plate for the closed box-type structure of a railway vehicle according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The pad (300) is provided with a recess (330) on a surface facing the crossbeam (120), so that the thickness of the second plate portion (320) is greater than the thickness of the first plate portion (310).

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