Concrete pavement device and process with built-in permeable structure
Through the design of pre-embedded trapezoidal permeable columns and composite filling materials, the problem of low drainage efficiency of existing permeable pavements under heavy rainfall intensity is solved, efficient vertical drainage and multifunctional ecological adjustment are achieved, and maintenance costs are reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510328855.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-22
AI Technical Summary
The existing permeable paving is prone to surface stagnation under zero slope or heavy rainfall intensity, and it is difficult to take into account the needs of composite functions such as runoff purification and thermal environment regulation, resulting in a decrease in drainage efficiency and high maintenance costs.
The vertical drainage channel through the concrete layer is formed by embedding the trapezoidal permeable column, and combined with the composite filling of graded sand and gravel and plant roots, the rapid seepage path and multifunctional ecological functions are achieved.
The drainage efficiency is significantly improved, the permeability coefficient of the permeable layer in heavy rain conditions reaches 1.5×10⁻²cm/s, the surface temperature is reduced by more than 2℃, and the maintenance cost is reduced by more than 40%.
Smart Images
Figure CN119859953A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of sponge city permeable pavement. It is a concrete paving device and process with a built-in permeable structure. It combines a rigid concrete structure with an ecological permeable layer design, and realizes rapid infiltration of rainwater with zero slope through a built-in vertical drainage channel. It is suitable for ecological surface runoff management and temperature regulation in scenes such as urban square roads and parking lots. Background Art
[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the rapid increase in hardened surface area has led to increasingly serious problems such as waterlogging, heat island effect and ecological degradation. Traditional concrete pavements are highly closed, and more than 90% of runoff during rainfall needs to be discharged through pipes, which not only increases the load on the drainage system, but also hinders groundwater recharge. At the same time, the heat island effect formed by the hardened surface absorbing solar radiation makes the summer temperature in cities 3-5℃ higher than in suburbs, exacerbating energy consumption and carbon emissions.
[0003] To address the above problems, the construction of sponge cities has proposed the six-in-one concept of "infiltration, stagnation, storage, purification, use and drainage", and permeable pavement has been widely used as a key implementation carrier. Existing technologies are mainly divided into two categories: one is porous permeable concrete, which achieves permeability through a porosity of 15-25% between aggregates, but its mechanical strength is 30-50% lower than that of ordinary concrete, and the pores are easily blocked by particles, and the permeability decays by more than 60% within 3 years; the second is grass brick paving, which uses grass planted in prefabricated concrete frames. Although it has ecological benefits, the structural bearing capacity is limited to pedestrian scenes, the overall rigidity is insufficient, and the plant roots are easy to damage the block joints, and the maintenance cost is as high as 2-3 times that of conventional paving.
[0004] The pain points of the industry are mainly manifested in the contradiction between permeability and structural strength, the difficulty in maintaining long-term permeability, and the single ecological function. In particular, the existing permeable structures mostly rely on horizontal infiltration, which is easy to form surface stagnant water under zero slope or high rainfall intensity conditions. Studies have shown that when the rainfall intensity exceeds 10mm / h, the drainage efficiency of traditional permeable pavement decreases by more than 40%. In addition, it is difficult for a single permeable material to take into account the complex functional requirements such as runoff purification and thermal environment regulation. Summary of the invention
[0005] In this context, in response to the above problems, the present invention innovatively proposes a vertical drainage system suitable for newly paved surfaces, which forms a drainage channel that penetrates the concrete layer by pre-buried inverted trapezoidal permeable columns, which not only maintains the structural integrity of the paved surface layer, but also establishes a rapid seepage path directly to the foundation. Compared with traditional technologies, this structure improves drainage efficiency by more than 3 times, and through the composite filling of graded sand and gravel and plant roots, the geogrid sealing simultaneously realizes ecological functions such as soil consolidation and erosion prevention, organic pollutant adsorption and surface cooling. According to actual measurements, the permeability coefficient of the permeable layer of the device under heavy rain conditions reached 1.5×10⁻²cm / s, which is 50% higher than the national standard requirements, and the surface temperature is more than 2°C lower than the asphalt pavement in the same area, providing a multifunctional integrated solution for urban surface runoff management.
[0006] The specific content of the invention is as follows: The present invention provides a concrete paving device with a built-in vertical permeable structure and its construction process, the core of which is to construct a vertical drainage system that runs through the concrete layer through an inverted trapezoidal plastic mold cavity. The mold cavity adopts a gradually expanding design with an upper diameter of 5-8cm and a lower diameter of 8-12cm. The side wall forms a channel structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom with an inclination angle of 5-15°. It is pre-buried in a 500-800mm spacing matrix or plum blossom arrangement before pouring concrete. After the concrete is finally set, the top of the mold cavity is closed and the hole is polished to form a drainage channel with a depth equal to the thickness of the paving layer. The channel is filled with graded materials mixed with 3-8mm crushed stone and 1-3mm coarse sand in layers and compacted to form a permeable layer with a porosity of more than 25%. At the same time, after herbaceous plants are planted, geogrids are used to seal the opening to consolidate the soil and prevent erosion, and the roots and grids are used to coordinate soil consolidation and sand retention and adsorb pollutants.
[0007] During the construction process, the embedded mold cavity is first accurately located during the concrete pouring stage to ensure that the vibration operation avoids the mold cavity area to maintain the integrity of the structure. During the construction of the permeable layer, the graded sand and gravel layer is compacted in layers and then planted with herb seedlings. The geogrid is used to seal the periphery of the plants so that the root depth reaches 1 / 2-2 / 3 of the total depth of the channel, forming a composite structure with both permeability and ecological soil consolidation functions. The physical design of the inverted trapezoidal channel not only achieves efficient vertical drainage of 1.5×10⁻²cm / s under zero slope conditions, but its gradually expanding shape can also intercept more than 90% of large particle pollutants. The permeability can be restored with periodic water gun flushing, and the geogrid sealing can ensure that the permeable material does not lose.
[0008] The device innovatively balances structural strength and ecological function. The measured concrete surface layer retains more than 85% of its original strength, and the compressive strength is more than 35MPa, which can be extended to medium-load scenarios such as parking lots. The vertical drainage channel increases the drainage efficiency by 3 times compared with traditional paving under heavy rain conditions. At the same time, the suspended matter is intercepted through the sand and gravel-root composite layer, and the surface temperature is reduced by more than 2°C. The construction process is highly compatible with traditional concrete engineering, and the comprehensive cost is more than 30% lower than that of grass bricks, and the maintenance cost over the entire life cycle is reduced by more than 40%, providing an integrated solution for long-term permeability, thermal environment regulation and intensive maintenance for urban roads, ecological slope protection and other scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0010] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic cross-sectional view of an inverted trapezoidal plastic mold cavity embedded in the device, which comprises: an inverted trapezoidal plastic mold cavity (1), a double-layer bidirectional steel mesh (2), a compacted base layer (3), and a compacted plain soil foundation (4). The inverted trapezoidal plastic mold cavity (1) has an upper opening diameter of 5-8 cm, a lower opening diameter of 8-12 cm, a side wall inclination angle of 5-15°, and a bottom surface placed on the top surface of the lower compacted base layer (3); the double-layer bidirectional steel mesh (2) is the main skeleton of the rigid concrete pavement (5), and is buried in the concrete structure after pouring; the compacted base layer (3) is the main stress-bearing buffer layer, and also has a partial drainage function; the compacted plain soil foundation (4) is formed by compacting the original foundation soil.
[0011] Figure 2 The cross-sectional schematic diagram is a schematic diagram of a concrete casting, curing, filling with permeable materials and planting, which includes: an inverted trapezoidal plastic mold cavity (1), a compacted base layer (3), a compacted plain soil foundation (4), a hardened concrete surface layer (5), graded sand and gravel permeable materials (6), herbaceous plants (7), and a geogrid (8). After the pavement is cast with concrete and cured and hardened, a hardened concrete surface layer (5) is formed, and then the top closed structure is knocked out and the periphery of the hole is polished to form a vertical drainage channel with a depth equal to the thickness of the concrete layer; the channel is filled with graded sand and gravel permeable materials (6), and herbaceous plants (7) are planted, and then the geogrid (8) is used to seal the channel to consolidate the soil and prevent loss, forming a pavement structure system composed of a rigid skeleton (5) and a flexible permeable layer (6).
[0012] Figure 3 The three-dimensional schematic diagram is a diagram of a concrete pouring and curing process after it is filled with water-permeable materials and planted. It includes: an inverted trapezoidal plastic mold cavity (1), a compacted base layer (3), a compacted soil foundation (4), a hardened concrete surface layer (5), graded sand and gravel water-permeable materials (6), herbaceous plants (7), and a geogrid (8). DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific diagrams.
[0014] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention, so they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportion relationship or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationship should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.
[0015] Combine the following Figures 1 to 3 , the specific construction process and structural features of the present invention are described in detail.
[0016] 1. Pre-embedded mold cavity and concrete pouring like Figure 1 As shown, a 300-500 mm thick compacted base layer (3) is laid on the compacted soil foundation (4), and the compaction degree of the base layer is ≥93%. A double-layer bidirectional steel mesh (2) is tied, and the thickness of the mesh protective layer is ≥25 mm. According to the designed spacing (preferably, a 600 mm×600 mm matrix arrangement for square roads and an 800 mm plum blossom arrangement for parking lots), the inverted trapezoidal plastic mold cavity (1) is positioned. The mold cavity is injection molded by high-density polyethylene (HDPE), with an upper diameter of 5-8 cm, a lower diameter of 8-12 cm, a side wall inclination of 5-15°, and a height consistent with the designed thickness of the concrete (preferably, 150-250 mm). The bottom of the mold cavity is fixed to the base layer by nails. When pouring concrete, an inserted vibrator is used, and the vibrating rod is kept at a distance of ≥10 cm from the side wall of the mold cavity to prevent the mold cavity from shifting or deforming.
[0017] 2. Cavity removal and orifice processing After the concrete has finally set for 24 hours (preferably, the ambient temperature is ≥5°C), knock off the top cover of the mold cavity, and use an angle grinder to chamfer and grind the periphery of the hole to form a smooth transition interface. Figure 2 The concrete surface layer (5) is hardened to form a vertical drainage channel which is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.
[0018] 3. Permeable layer filling and ecological planting like Figure 2-3As shown, graded sand and gravel permeable materials (6) are filled into the channel in layers, with a mixed layer of coarse sand and crushed stone (volume ratio 1:1) and a top layer of pure coarse sand. Each layer is compacted by a rubber hammer (compactness ≥ 90%), and the overall porosity is ≥ 25%. Drought-tolerant herbaceous plants (7) (preferably, bermudagrass or tall fescue) are planted in the top coarse sand layer, and the depth of the seedling root ball is 2 / 3 of the total depth of the channel. The planting density is preferably 3-5 plants / hole. After planting and backfilling the top coarse sand, a geogrid (8) is pressed in to seal the hole. Water twice a week in the initial maintenance stage to promote the formation of a consolidated body between the root system and the sand and gravel.
[0019] 4. Drainage and temperature control function realization like Figure 2 During rainfall, surface runoff enters the vertical drainage channel through the holes in the concrete surface layer. The continuous pores in the graded gravel layer (6) allow rainwater to vertically infiltrate the foundation (4) at a penetration rate of 1.5×10⁻²cm / s. The inverted trapezoidal structure can intercept more than 85% of suspended solids with a particle size greater than 2mm, thus avoiding clogging of the base layer. Under the summer sun, the water in the channel evaporates away heat, and the surface temperature of the pavement is more than 2°C lower than that of the asphalt pavement in the same area.
[0020] 5. Maintenance and durability guarantee The channel surface can be regularly flushed with a water gun to remove surface sediments, and the water permeability can be restored to more than 95% of the initial value. The herbaceous plant roots are naturally renewed every year, and there is no need for replanting. The overall structure will not collapse or crack during the 10-year service life.
[0021] The above embodiments fully present the whole process of the present invention from structural embedding, ecological construction to long-term maintenance. Figure 3 ), realizing the engineering application of permeable pavement in high-intensity usage scenarios.
[0022] The invention constructs a vertical drainage channel by pre-embedded inverted trapezoidal plastic mold cavity, fills with graded sand and gravel (porosity ≥ 25%) and implants drought-resistant herbaceous plant roots to form a composite structure of rigid concrete (compression resistance ≥ 35MPa) and flexible permeable layer. Its advantages include: ① The vertical permeability coefficient reaches 1.5×10⁻²cm / s, and the storm drainage efficiency is 3 times higher than that of traditional paving; ② The surface temperature is reduced by more than 2°C, and the suspended matter interception rate exceeds 85%; ③ The inverted trapezoidal structure intercepts large particle pollutants, and 95% of the permeability can be restored with water gun flushing; ④ The construction is compatible with traditional processes, and the comprehensive cost is 30% lower than that of grass bricks, and the maintenance cycle is extended to 10 years. It is suitable for medium-load scenarios such as square roads and parking lots, and can also be used for ecological slope protection, which can achieve the coordinated optimization of high strength, ecological temperature regulation and long-term permeability. Example
[0023] A landscape square is located in the core area of the new urban area, covering an area of about 800m2 The original design used C35 concrete 20cm thick slabs for casting, which had to meet the fire climbing surface bearing requirements and the rainstorm water self-drainage requirements. Due to the lack of municipal drainage pipes around the site, the traditional paving solution could not cope with short-term heavy rainfall. The design team innovatively introduced a concrete paving device and process with a built-in permeable structure provided by the present invention, and built a composite pavement with both high strength and ecological drainage within the square.
[0024] During the construction phase, a 300 mm thick graded crushed stone base layer (3) was first laid on the compacted soil foundation (4), and a 20-ton roller was used to roll it in three layers until the density was above 95%. Subsequently, a Φ12@150 double-layer bidirectional steel mesh (2) was tied, and more than 600 inverted trapezoidal plastic mold cavities (1) were accurately pre-embedded in a 600 mm×600 mm matrix. The mold cavity (1) had an upper diameter of 6 cm and a lower diameter of 10 cm, and a side wall inclination of 10°. The bottom was anchored to the base layer (3) by nailing to ensure accurate structural positioning when pouring C35 concrete.
[0025] The concrete pouring adopts the bin-by-bin method, with each bin being 4m wide. When the inserted vibrator is working, it is strictly necessary to maintain a 15cm gap with the side wall of the mold cavity (1) to avoid disturbing the embedded system. After 24 hours of final setting, the construction personnel knocked out the top closed cover of the mold cavity (1) one by one, and used an angle grinder to chamfer the edge of the hole at 45° to form a smooth transition interface. The vertical drainage channel is filled with graded sand and gravel permeable materials (6) in a layered backfill process: 3-5mm crushed stone is filled in the bottom layer, 1-3mm coarse sand and crushed stone are mixed in the middle layer (1:1 volume ratio), and a 30mm thick pure coarse sand layer is laid on the top layer. Each layer is compacted with a handheld electric rammer. The final measured porosity is 26.8% and the permeability coefficient is 1.7×10⁻²cm / s.
[0026] In the ecological construction phase, three drought-tolerant Bermuda grasses (7) were planted in each hole, with the root system and soil ball at a depth of 13 cm. After planting, a coarse sand protective layer was covered, and a geogrid (8) was used to seal the soil and retain the sand. Sprinkler irrigation was used for initial maintenance. Observation after 20 days showed that the plant roots had formed a stable complex with the sand and gravel (6).
[0027] According to actual verification, the pavement completely drained surface water within 30 minutes after experiencing multiple heavy rains of more than 50 mm / h, which is 3.2 times more efficient than traditional permeable concrete. During the full-load test of the fire truck, the rebound modulus of the concrete pavement (5) was stabilized at more than 32 MPa, and no structural cracking occurred. The surface temperature at noon in summer is 38.5℃, which is 3.5℃ lower than the adjacent asphalt area. Humidity monitoring shows that it is 15% higher than conventional pavement. In terms of operation and maintenance, a water gun is used to wash the surface dirt of the permeable channel every quarter, and the annual comprehensive maintenance cost is controlled at 2 yuan / m 2, saving 50% compared with the straw brick solution. The project successfully verified the engineering adaptability of vertical permeable structures in high-load and strict drainage scenarios, and provided an innovative solution that combines functionality and economy for sponge city permeable pavement in areas without pipelines.
[0028] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A concrete paving device and process with a built-in permeable structure, characterized in that: The device includes a plurality of inverted trapezoidal cylindrical plastic mold cavity structures, which are pre-buried in the concrete layer at regular intervals to form a vertical drainage channel with a small upper opening, a large lower opening, and a depth equal to the thickness of the concrete layer; the vertical drainage channel is filled with graded sand and gravel permeable materials, and after herbaceous plants are planted, geogrids are used to seal the channel to consolidate soil and retain sand, forming a pavement structure system composed of a rigid skeleton and a flexible permeable layer.
2. A concrete paving device and process with a built-in permeable structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The graded sand and gravel water-permeable material is composed of crushed stone and coarse sand mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1, forming a water-permeable layer structure with a continuous porosity of not less than 25%.
3. A concrete paving device and process with a built-in permeable structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The herb is drought-resistant and has a well-developed root system. Its planting depth is 1 / 2-2 / 3 of the depth of the vertical drainage channel. After planting, it is sealed with a geogrid to form an ecological composite permeable layer that consolidates the soil and prevents loss.
4. A concrete paving device and process with a built-in permeable structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The inverted trapezoidal cylindrical plastic mold cavity has a small upper opening and a large lower opening, a side wall inclination angle of 5-15°, and its bottom is flush with the lower surface of the concrete layer, so that the vertical drainage channel is directly connected to the base layer and the foundation to achieve zero-slope rainwater infiltration.
5. A concrete paving device and process with a built-in permeable structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Before pouring concrete, an inverted trapezoidal cylindrical plastic mold cavity with a closed structure on the top is embedded at regular intervals; after the poured concrete is finally set, the closed structure on the top of the mold cavity is knocked out, and the area around the hole is polished; the vertical drainage channel is filled with compacted graded sand and gravel permeable materials in layers, and after herbaceous plants are planted, geogrids are used to seal the soil and retain sand.